Spring Farm Guide by East Central Recorder

Spring Farm Guide

The changing face of Agriculture by Leroy Bader, PAg Regional Farm Business Development Specialist Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Tisdale Regional Office A walk through the Farm Progress Show or the Crop Production Show quickly provides you with an understanding how the agriculture industry is changing. The incredible size of the equipment and the number of acres under the management of a single family or farm corporation is a very obvious change. There are other changes taking place however that are maybe not quite as obvious. An example of this is the number of innovative individuals that are adding value to their farm production. To be a successful entrepreneur is not an easy task. It requires innovation, motivation (even a passion), self discipline, and a large amount of time, energy and risk taking. In addition, the cost of developing and marketing a new product always puts a strain on limited financial resources. That being said there are a number of examples in the Northeast of individuals that have done just that and now have some exciting products on the market. Bedard Creek Acres - a family run business, creating unique products from herbs and edible flowers. Lyn Brown indicates on her website that “The

inspiration for our products comes from the landscape of North Central Saskatchewan. We are surrounded by the untapped flavours of wild herbs and edible flowers. Nature is full of flavour sensations just waiting to be discovered. Our signature product is Red Clover Blossom Syrup. Also available in limited quantities is our Black Pansy Syrup and Rose Petal Syrup.”

ucts in the market and more in development. Current products include: wild rosehip jam, rhubarb relish, garlic pesto, and lilac white wine jelly. These products are being sold in various gift shops across Canada and are also used by chefs in high-end restaurants. Because the products are so unique and not commonly found in the market, many gift basket companies are interested in incorporating smaller packaging into their baskets. Juka Organics - produces certified organic and grain-free supplements for pets that are value-added and derived from nature. The company was founded in 2008 by two women who met through their common love of dogs. Karen Smith is a veteran breeder of show animals near Melfort and Julie Hulsebosch is the coowner of a family-run organic and kosher crushing facility near Tisdale. They currently have two supplements for dogs and several in the developmental stage. Sweet Pure Honey - formed by Stella Sehn and Sheldon Hill are honey producers from the Porcupine Plain area. Stella and Sheldon indicate that “For the Fresh Air Flavours - owned by Ms. Julie Rempel past seven years we have been following emergand is located in Nipawin, an area that is home to ing trends in the honey industry. We saw an entire many edible plants growing in the wild. The com- generation being missed in the targeting of honpany currently has four unique gourmet food prod- ey sales. This new generation of buyers not only wanted a healthy product produced by the farmer, they wanted to buy into a modern philosophy of sustainability and doing good with their dollars. More and more consumers are demanding cosmetics and personal care products made from natural inTV and High Speed Internet Bundle gredients. We could use the honey and beeswax from our bees for yet one more thing - body and lip care.” These northeast enfor three months* trepreneurs are an inspiration to the agriculture Sign up to Max and you’ll get: sector and demonstrate what innovation and s Unlimited High Speed Internet s Over 150 digital TV channels hard work can accoms Max Front Row TM Video on Demand s 45 Galaxie music channels plish. They are just a s 46 SK Radio stations s Video on Demand s Pay Per View s Local on Demand few of many who are and so much more! Add Max $ putting a new face to Digital TV /mo. *This offer ends March 31, 2011 and is for new Max service customers only. Regular pricing and Bundle savings apply after the three month offer, see sasktel.com for details. agriculture in the northSome conditions apply. Recorder for three months* east. If you also are in the process of developing your idea for a value added farm product contact your nearest Ministry of Agriculture office to explore ways that we might assist you in your new venture.

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Crop rotation considerations by Shannon Urbaniak, MSc, PAg, Regional Crops Specialist, Watrous Sherrilyn Phelps, MSc, PAg, Regional Crops Specialist, North Battleford Crop rotations are designed for improving crop and soil health over the long term to ensure sustainability. Crop sequences are the short term part of the rotation that deals with the effects of previous crops on current crop choice. Crop choice is more complicated than most people realize and many factors, besides economics, must be considered. 1. What crops should I include in my rotation? Diversity is key. Growing cereals, oilseeds and pulses in a long term rotation has been shown to provide the best benefit to soils and to crop yields. Wheat grown in a rotation with oilseeds and pulses was 16 per cent higher yielding than continuous wheat grown on the same land at Scott from 1993 to 1999. Wheat yields following flax, pea, and canola were 16, 11, and 8 per cent higher than after wheat from Manitoba Crop Insurance data (Bourgeois and Entz, 1996). 2. What are the nutrient levels in each field and the requirements for each crop? Knowing the soil nutrient levels through soil testing and understanding the nutrient requirements of the crop allow producers to balance nutrient levels in the field with crops nutrient requirements. Oilseeds, such as canola, have high nutrient requirements, followed by cereals and then pulses. Pulses or legumes can fix up to 80 per cent of the nitrogen they need from the air (Table 1). Table 1. Nitrogen fixed by various legumes. Crop Type Fababean Alfalfa Pea Lentil Chickpea Dry Bean

Nitrogen fixed by the crop: 200-335 kg/ha 130-335 kg/ha 55-225 kg/ha 10-170 kg/ha 20-135 kg/ha 5-80 kg/ha

3. How much water is available and where are the nutrients? Rooting patterns, crop maturity and growth stage can influence nutrient uptake and water use. The deeper the roots the more accessibility to water and nutrients further in the soil profile. The longer the maturity, the longer the growing period, which means the more water and nutrients that are needed. Varying crops in a sequence allows you to take advantage of the different root patterns and growth habits to access water and nutrients at different levels and at different times of the year. Canola is water and nutrient loving and deeply rooted which makes it a good fit for wetter areas of the province. Canola can penetrate deep into the soil to reduce subsoil moisture and access nutrients that may have leached deeper into the soil profile. The deeper tap roots also help with improving soil aeration and drainage. Cereal crops are also deep rooted but tend to need the moisture earlier in the season and can withstand drier conditions than canola. Pea and lentil are shallow rooted and have shorter maturities. This means that there will likely be more moisture left in pea or lentil stubble than cereal or canola stubble. Fine tuning here are some other considerations. 4. Are there soil biology considerations that may influence crop choice? Mycorrhizal fungi in the soil form mutually beneficial

relationships with most plants. The fungi penetrate the roots and extend hyphae (threads) into the soil where they can access more nutrients and water for the plant. Thus, they act like highly effective transport systems. Pulses form strong associations with these mycorrhizal fungi, while cereals are less dependent, and canola and other brassicas do not form these associations at all. It is suggested that highly mycorrhizal crops may fit best after a crop that is at least somewhat mycorrhizal, such as planting peas on cereal stubble. 5. What disease issues did I have in the past and when was the last time I grew this crop? Managing residue and soil borne plant disease organisms through rotations is important. Leaving a rest period between certain crops can successfully reduce plant pathogen populations to a level where other disease control methods will work more effectively. Table 2 shows the risk associated with shortening the recommended crop rotation based on the disease of concern. Table 2. Risk associated with shortening the recommended crop rotation intervals for some plant diseases Disease Common root rot Take-all Leaf Spots (septoria leaf

Crop Affected Cereals Cereals Cereals

Suggested Rotation Risk of Shortening Rotation 2-3years Low 1 year Low 2-3 years Low-moderate

Most broadleaf crops, not cereals or grasses Lentils, peas, chickpeas Canola Cereals, grasses

>5 years 3-5 years 4 years 2-3 years

blotch, tan spot, net blotch)

Sclerotinia Ascochyta Blackleg Fusarium head blight

Moderate-high High High Moderate

Source: Bailey, AAFC Saskatoon

6. Are there weed issues to consider, is there potential for a high number of volunteers from the previous crop, or is the field fairly clean? When selecting a crop it is important to consider the weed control needs or limitations. Crops such as lentils that are uncompetitive and have limited weed control options should be seeded into the cleanest fields. Matching weedier fields with crops that are more competitive and have better herbicide options is important. It is not just the presence of weeds but potential volunteers from the previous crop that should be considered. Canola, for example, can be problematic as a volunteer so having options in next years crops is key. Rotating cereals with broadleaf crops usually allows good control of volunteers. 7. Have there been residual herbicides used on the field? The length of time it takes herbicides to break down can vary and is dependant upon a number of factors including soil organic matter, soil pH, rainfall and temperature. In saturated soils herbicides that rely on aerobic microbes requiring oxygen may take longer to deactivate. On the other hand, herbicides that rely on chemical hydrolysis will break down equally well in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Some basic guidelines to follow include: • Herbicides with re-cropping restrictions under dry conditions will most likely have limitations under saturated conditions • Fields that were seeded but that were saturated for a significant part of the season are unlikely to have seen much herbicide breakdown It is important to follow label re-cropping restrictions and contact your local chemical representative if you are

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unsure. Information on residual herbicides and re-cropping restrictions can be found in the 2011 Guide to Crop Protection. 8. Does my crop selection allow me to rotate herbicides? Herbicide resistant weeds have been increasing in number. Resistance to group 1 and group 2 products are the most common. Weeds that have developed resistance in Saskatchewan include: cleavers, chickweed, green foxtail, kochia, wild mustard, Persian darnel, Russian thistle, stinkweed, wild buckwheat and wild oat. It is estimated that over 90 per cent of the kochia is now resistant to group 2 products. Rotating or combining herbicides on your farm is critical to preventing the development of resistance. More information on herbicide groups and resistance is in the 2011 Guide to Crop Protection. Planning crop rotations is complex. Temptation to stray from the plan, often by the promise of high returns at the time of planting, can lead to degradation of the land, build up of pests, and a reduction in overall productivity.

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Calves & cold weather Jenifer Heyden, M.Sc., PAg Regional Livestock Specialist Regional Services Branch - North Region, Ministry of Agriculture Some cattlemen are in the thick of their calving season, others will be starting in the next couple weeks, and some will wait for warmer temperatures in May and June. Weather conditions are unpredictable, but we can count on some cold and wet weather during calving season. March has come in like a lamb, but I think we can be assured of a few cold days and nights before calving is over! Wet and cold can be a deadly combination, especially for newborn calves. Having portable windbreaks, or permanent shelterbelts in your calving area helps mother cows to get out of the wind and lessens the sharpness of the cold. During bouts of really cold weather adequate bedding is also a must. Bedding encourages cows to lie down, limiting their exposure to wind and cold. It can also help reduce frozen ears, tails and feet on newborns. One of the best ways to prevent chilling in calves is to make sure that they’ve gotten up and nursed within 2 hours of birth. That nice warm colostrum will do wonders! Check the cows more frequently when cold weather hits; if there’s a problem brewing you’re that much sooner aware of it. You also need to provide somewhere dry for

Morgue File the calf to lie down. If calves get to the point of being hypothermic they need to be warmed up. Methods for re-warming include using a hot box, warm water baths, warm air or heat lamps, or warm blankets. If using a warm water bath or warm blankets change them often to maintain a consistent warm temperature. Once the calf has been warmed and is stable, it should be returned to the cow, watch it closely and monitor it’s condition, especially if the weather remains cold and wet. Calving difficulties during cold weather means even more stress on the cow and newborn calf.

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Cold stress can also increase a calf’s susceptibility to certain diseases like scours, pneumonia, and navel infection. Be aware of these things. Remember that during bouts of cold, wet weather cows, pregnant or lactating will require more feed, in order to have enough energy for maintenance and milk production as well as just staying warm. Calves born to undernourished cows have less energy reserves than those born to well fed cows in good condition. Newborn calves need to be dried off and nurse soon after birth in order to maintain an adequate core temperature and have sufficient energy.

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Harvesting the power of “poop” (MS) -- Farms and ranches are the lifeblood of America’s heartland. They provide food for people all across the country while supplying jobs to millions of those very same people. Farmers may have a thousand or more head of cattle on their lands. While that can add up to a lot of revenue, another thing can add up from the livestock: manure. A dairy cow typically produces 150 pounds (54 kilograms) of manure per day. Multiply those 150 pounds by the scores of cattle, and that equals one large -- and odoriferous -- waste situation. With concerns about groundwater contamination and fecal-borne diseases passed through contact with animal waste, farmers are continually on the lookout for ways to stay safe and make the clean-up job easier. Methane digesters are based on old technology and do a remarkably good job at handling manure cleanup. In addition to getting rid of the waste, the methane digesters offer an added bonus. The methane can be used to produce electric energy, which in turn can help save farmers money. According to Sustainable Conservation, a methane digester is a wastewater and solids treatment technology. When used on a farm, it processes animal waste under anaerobic conditions, yielding methane gas and reducing the volume of solids and treated liquids. The methane can be sold or used to generate electricity on the farm; the solid matter left behind is a valuable soil amendment; and the liquids become an easily applied fertilizer, with plant available nutrients and low pathogen levels. Typically, large farms

will store liquid and solid manure produced by livestock in large waste ponds. The manure is later pumped back onto fields as a source of fertilizer. But this type of storage scenario poses a host of problems, including strong odors, pathogens in the manure, and the fact that heavy rains or storms can flood the ponds and land where manure has been spread, allowing manure to reach local water sources. Using a methane digester is a workaround and a viable solution. Plus, methane is a greenhouse gas much more powerful than carbon dioxide. So harnessing the methane -- rather than have it simply rise up into the atmosphere -- is another benefit for the farmer and environment. The U.S. government has started to hand out subsidies to farmers to install methane digesters to offset costs.

Methane emitted from cow manure can be harvested and turned into energy. Something to consider about the digesters is that they do not simply make manure and other waste vanish. The digested manure will still

their industrial appearance and because they attract added traffic by waste haulers. Still, many environmentalists say the positives

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Farm workers face dangers Many occupations are hazardous, few more so than agricultural labor. Farmers recognize that they must be diligent in their efforts to prevent nonfatal and fatal injuries. According to the most recent statistics, farmers face a fatality rate of 25.1 for every 100,000 workers. In 2008, 456 farmers and farm workers lost their lives to work-related injuries. What’s particularly risky about agricultural work is that it tends to be a family profession. That puts all members of the family at risk for injury. On average, 113 youth under the age of 20 die annually from farm-related injuries. Tractor rollover injuries, inhalation of chemical pesticides and lacerations from farm equipment top the list of prime agriculture-related occupational injuries. With scores of different mechanical equipment and chemicals, not to mention lengthy exposure to the elements on a normal working day, the risk of injury is considerable. There are key ways to prevent injuries on the farm. Here are a few considerations. * Proper training of new employees on the use required equipment is essential. If certification is needed, be sure employees have been trained and practice on equipment prior to independent use. Safety gear should be used at all times, when required. Workers should be careful to keep hair tied

Tractor rollovers are a common cause of injury on farms.

back to prevent entanglement in equipment. * Care should be used when working in the elements. Workers should be properly dressed for the temperature and conditions. Beverage breaks should be taken so that dehydration is not a risk. * Knowledge of chemical pesticides and fertilizers should be fully understood. Safety equipment, such as ventilators, eye guards and gloves, should be used when handling caustic chemicals. * Machinery should be maintained according to OSHA and other federal guidelines. Equipment in good working order is less likely to cause injury. * Caution should always be used around livestock. * Operating equipment when impaired is a hazard in any profession. Alcohol and drug use do not mix in a farm setting. Individuals who seem intoxicated should not be allowed to work. * Children and adolescents should be carefully monitored around the farm. Because of their developing bodies, youngsters should not be allowed to do any activity that is overly strenuous and might tax growing bodies, such as heavy lifting. * There should be training in general first aid and CPR so that help can be given to an injured worker before a response team is able to make it to the location. TF109787

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North East Terminal Ltd. to sell business assets to Richardson International Ltd.

The Board of Directors of North East Terminal Ltd. (NET) announced today (March 10/11), that NET has entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Richardson International Limited (“Richardson”), in which NET proposes to sell substantially all of its assets to Richardson on an “as-is where is” basis in exchange for $25,000,000, plus the value of NET’s inventory at closing (the “Purchase Price”). The proposed transaction )the “Proposed Transaction”) is scheduled to close on April 13, 2011 (the “Closing Date”). The Board believes that the sale proceeds from the Proposed Transaction, after payment of all NET’s liabilities and costs, represents a

substantial premium to the current trading value of NET’s shares, and provides all shareholders with an opportunity to liquidate all of their shares that would not otherwise be available. The completion of the Proposed Transaction is conditional upon, among other things, approval by the shareholders of NET, which will be sought at a special meeting of shareholders to be held on April 6, 2011. Ultimately, management is proposing that NET will be wound-up and dissolved. The dissolution of NET would have to be approved by the shareholders at a later date. Management is proposing to distribute the remaining sale proceeds

to the shareholders of NET. Management estimates that the amount that each shareholder will receive from the Proposed Transaction and the results of operations until April 13, 2011, after payment of NET’s liabilities and the costs of the sale and winding-up, will range from $715 per share to $760 per share. The final amount returned to shareholders will be dependent on a number of factors which will be detailed in the information circular to be mailed to shareholders and filed on www.sedar.com by March 10, 2011 (the “Information Circular”). The balance of the proceeds from the Proposed Transaction and any net earnings of NET, will be distrib-

uted to the shareholders by way of dividends to be declared at a later date. Additional details of the Proposed Transaction will be provided in the Information Circular and in the Agreement, a copy of which has been filed on www.sedar.com concurrently with this press release. Founded in 1991, North East Terminal is a widely held, producerowned agri-business, with its head office located in Wadena, Saskatchewan. North East Terminal operates a 38,000 mt inland grain terminal at Wadena, Sk, and retails fertilzer (dry, liquid, & NH3), chemical, and seed products at Wadena, Kelvington, Foam Lake and Ponass Lake.

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Friggstad 35’ 420 Cult, 9” Sp, Harrows .........................$6,500 JD610 40’, 12” Spacing, double shoot, packers w/JD 787 Tow Between Tank ................................................................$39,000 MISCELLANEOUS Morris 70’ Heavy Harrow “DEMO”...............................$30,500 Kello Disc - 14’, 26” Blades (110 Acres) “DEMO” ................$22,900 Hydra Spreader 275 Manure Spreader ........................$12,900 Buhler 13x70 Swing Auger ............................................... $Call Salford 41’ RTS Vertical Tillage (NEW) ............................ $Call Degelman 70’ Heavy Harrow, Hyd. Tine (NEW) .................$43,900 Rite-Way 53’ Land Roller, 900 Acres ...........................$35,900 Degelman 6000 Rockpicker, Hydraulic Drive & Swing (DEMO) .........................................................................$18,000 Rite-Way 70’ Harrow Packer...........................................$7,500 AIR CARTS Morris 7240, Tow Behind (2002)....................................... $Call Morris 7180, Tow Behind .................................................. $Call Ezee-On 3210, 210 Bushel, 3rd Tank, Ground D..................$14,500 Bourgualt 2155 Engine drive..........................................$5,900 Flexi-Coil 1600 ...............................................................$2,500 Flexi-Coil 1610 ...............................................................$4,500 Morris 6180 D.S., Tow Behind ........................................$5,900 Morris 7130 D.S..............................................................$5,500 TRACTORS McCormick MTX135 FWA w/Loader (2900 hrs.) .....................................................................$65,000 1996 Agco Star 8425, 4WD, Triples, 425 HP (4000 hrs.) .....................................................................$84,900 JD 8630, 4WD, Duals, PTO Reduced ...........................$21,900 Case 2290, Cab, Duals ...................................................$14,500

New funding for young farmers and ranchers Brenda Stefanson, PAg Regional Farm Business Management Specialist Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture On January 27 2011, the Minister of Agriculture announced an enhanced program for young farmers and ranchers in Saskatchewan. Farm Business Development Initiative (FBDI) for Young Farmers is one of a number of programs under Growing Forward that focuses on helping farmers build their business by supporting innovation, commercialization, sustainability and profitability. Through this program, farmers and ranchers between the ages of 18 and 39 inclusive, are eligible for funding to partially cover the cost of business consulting services and/or education to enhance their farm business management knowledge. Farm Business Development Initiative for Young Farmers is designed to: • Help young farmers under the age of 40 to adopt progressive farm business management practices and strategies in nine areas - business strategies, marketing, production economics, human resources, financial management, succession planning, business structure, risk assessment and the environment; • Help farm businesses to realistically examine their current farm business management practices; • Help young farmers in identifying needs, setting goals and determining actions to improve their farm business using progressive farm business management practices; and • Help young farmers obtain information, training and consulting services to assist in making sound business decisions, enhancing profitability and achieving goals.

To be eligible for the program you must: • Be a Saskatchewan resident who files their Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Income Tax and Benefit Return in Saskatchewan or can provide similar proof of residency documentation to the program; and • Be between 18 and 39 years of age; and • Provide a completed Application for Financial Benefit on a form prescribed by the Ministry; and • Be able to demonstrate that you already generate gross farming income of $35,000 or more; or • Be able to show that you own or control (by written agreement) productive agricultural assets (land, buildings, machinery, livestock) and can demonstrate, in a format acceptable to the Ministry of Agriculture, that your farming operation can generate annual gross farming income of $35,000 or more within the next 36 months. The application process starts with a self-assessment tool called Taking Stock. Taking Stock will help young farmers

examine their knowledge and skill levels in nine areas of farm business management. The process of self-assessment helps young farmers set goals to improve their business management skills in one or more of these areas. Farmers will then meet with their Regional Farm Business Management Specialist to discuss their goals and to complete a Farm Development Plan and application form. When the consulting service or educational activity is complete, applicants will be reimbursed 90 per cent of the eligible costs of training and/ or consulting services to a maximum of $10,000. Farmers aged 40 and over who participate in FBDI are reimbursed 75 per cent of the total eligible costs of training and/or consulting services to a maximum of $4,000. For more information, please contact: • Watrous Regional Services Office (306-946-3220), • Agriculture Knowledge Centre (1866-457-2377) or • Visit our website at www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

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Know your cost of production by Leroy Bader PAg Regional Farm Business Management Specialist Tisdale Regional Office Sask. Ministry of Agriculture A key area of farm management is keeping track and knowing your cost of production. That cost should include both your variable, or cash costs, and an allocation of fixed or overhead costs. An accurate calculation of your cost per bushel or per animal will serve as a very useful guide to enterprise decisions such as crop rotations and livestock production. It is also a critical step in your ability to set price targets for marketing. Crop Planning Guide: The Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture publishes a “Crop Planning Guide” to assist producers in estimating their cost of production for the various crops. A crop planning guide is published for each of the soil zones and a guide is also available for specialty crops. The guides contain an estimate of variable and fixed expenses for an average sized farm in each of the soil zones. The farm size used for the black soil zone, for 2011, was 1,169 acres. This is based on the 2006 census of agriculture data. The crop prices used are farm gate price estimates based on information available in December of 2010. The yields used

are area averages from Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation. It is important to realize that the figures used are estimated costs based on recommended production practices for the black soil zone. To make the best use of this guide it is important to use the worksheet supplied with the publication and enter in your own costs, yields and commodity price estimates. On-Line Calculators: In addition to the published Crop Planning Guides, a number of online calculators are available on the Ministry website. The planners are excel spreadsheets and may e useful tools in determining your individual cost of production. To find these calculators go to the Ministry of Agriculture website at agriculture.gov. sk.ca and scroll to the very bottom of the page. Some of the calculators found here that may be useful in determining your cost of production include: - The Crop Planner - Beef Cow-calf plan - Cattle feeding break even calculator - Feedlot planner Knowing your break-even yields and prices won’t guarantee a farm profit but it does keep you on target when used indecision making and can greatly improve your chances of success.

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The Weed Control Act â&#x20AC;&#x201C; New legislation for Saskatchewan:

Farmer hits power line

l, Sa it b s k e at Po s we be r S in a fe g d t y ea Co d,â&#x20AC;? or h di e na sa to id. r Wâ&#x20AC;&#x153; ilfThe Mb essin er

loâ&#x20AC;&#x153;ok in toeerrrn Tragedy was narrowly averted on a southern he h n Cases F g at alike hwA fata this, he says, are the exception. iadnedwtsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;se s Ihatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;caaezsrncamirdreally, .â&#x20AC;? t desnbts lilit yreally u k u wa a s â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m yesterday when 40-year-old Joseph was othhitatth haassw .Smith H o c l r 1 a a g n i w e o e 1 t e o l d lfhasonayrovsfre efokree Sm surprised heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still here,â&#x20AC;? kaysitt w otwith sas frocslm sdchnol9okhpower ewSem stnhoelorlbi m e contact a line, for sure we were co c o n nt a s i wer we w e r lin li l i n ne e . making contact with an overhead line. a I ithought t u s e ai s k s r m gr e r e h a py ogbnweopecrsoardw t o ny wh â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ca eadyingmoilvyedlyd cnfaodatione,sgt ue kteer af pard I et ewrautoapnlrookwcpaltaecoerks ins bste preve Smith was st ntailslyfam c i a u a ntlhitnieoet foer lin a fet ya, rted nted b cide , h y q raef t t o h ut ewirusestbornfar es an on o.rSoa sk P y tor ac nd the osnt lo d b ff thoewe opera gâ&#x20AC;? sou, anivdede swoal in aseconay, d pi queifoeram s n w l r r i h beyrs lowe i r u p o a ec pmerm t e a e o e o eqtouirpem r their â&#x20AC;&#x153;zapconsecdi ics hereests.e.S n th hes r n c v w o m n m f m t in uPara a l, d cwh o ess in eem l t ac like g or ntbaenrd spis anuch my few h b o t in he uil Harm m ed st a er d in y, arn s ju g e l a â&#x20AC;&#x153;I t w i

ize e e s lin ta k hin l ly a t e a st â&#x20AC;&#x2122;t r ju on a lly y d ter he s li t t itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; h a i s, e t th on ikeâ&#x20AC;? ld es ling. e o a s dy thIn gc and Mlivin

The Weed Control Act was proclaimed and came into force on December 1, 2010 along with The Weed Control Regulations and the Ministerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Order to Designate Prohibited, Noxious and Nuisance Weeds. The Weed Control Act replaces The Noxious Weeds Act, 1984. The major change between the previous legislation and The Weed Control Act is the move from a single list of regulated weeds to three distinct categories: prohibited, noxious and nuisance. Prohibited Weeds are plants that are not present in the province or are very rare, and true eradication of these weeds is still feasible as well as practical. Noxious Weeds are plants that are generally well established, beyond eradication, but localized to limited areas of the province. There are areas of the province however, that are still free of the noxious weed. Nuisance Weeds are plants that are widely established in the province and may move easily from one parcel of land to the next, triggering concerns from neighbours. As well as dividing up the list of regulated weeds there has been an extensive re-evaluation of the weeds that make up these lists. Some weeds have been removed and many have been added. It will be important to familiarize one-self with these lists and be aware of potential control issues on ones own land, lands and easements adjacent to or even within your municipality. Enforcement goals are: - eradication for Prohibited Weeds and isolated noxious weeds (populations of less than 5 ha per quarter sec-

tion), - containment of and integrated control within infestations of established Noxious Weeds larger than 5 ha, and - integrated weed control for Nuisance Weeds. Enforcement of Nuisance Weeds is initiated by complaint only, whereas enforcement of Prohibited Weeds and Noxious Weeds may be by either complaint or regular monitoring by municipal inspectors. In addition to the category change there are also changes to the fines and other moneys that municipalities who enforce the legislation may recoup from landowners. There is also a new appeal process and clarification of the enforcement processes. As with the previous legislation, fines are intended for those landowners, occupants and machine operators that are unwilling to comply with the legislation, rather than simply being unlucky enough to have regulated weeds present on their property. For more information on this or other legislation please consult the authoritative online source for all current Government of Saskatchewan legislation on the Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Printer web site at www.qp.gov.sk.ca. To make The Weed Control Act and The Weed Control Regulations simpler to find, follow the links to â&#x20AC;&#x153;Actsâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Wâ&#x20AC;? and then â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Weed Control Act â&#x20AC;&#x153;. Note: the Ministerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Order to Designate Prohibited, Noxious and Nuisance Weeds is part of a larger document entitled â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gazette Part I, December 10, 2010 â&#x20AC;?, where the lists of weeds can be found under the title â&#x20AC;&#x153;MINISTER â&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ORDER/ARRĂ&#x160;TĂ&#x2030; MINISTĂ&#x2030;RIEL, The Weed Control Actâ&#x20AC;&#x153;.

by Kim Stonehouse PAg Regional Crops Specialist, Tisdale Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

Big equipment raises big concerns. Know the th exact location of every overhead on and around your farm. Lower power line l all equipment equi before you move it. Plan your route to o stay safe. you contact a power line, stay in your If y vehicle. Keep others away. Call 9-1-1. veh h Your Yo o life could depend on it.

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Organics beneficial to humans and animals, too In recent years, more and more people have embraced organic products as a part of their daily diet. Whereas a decade ago grocery stores may not have had any organic products, nowadays most grocery stores offer an abundance of organic items, and not just those in the produce section. Organic dairy products have increased in popularity, and many stores now even sell organic frozen pizzas. So why such a quick turnaround with respect to how consumers feel about organic products? Perhaps consumers realized that organic products have proven friendly not only to the environment, but to people and animals as well. Medical Benefits Organic agriculture can be considerably healthier than crops grown in a traditional fashion. Traditional ways of raising crops

have involved the use of pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and fungicides. These chemicals produce toxic residue that is found on the fruit and vegetables people eat every day. This residue makes fruits and vegetables unnecessarily unhealthy, in particular to infants and children, whose immune systems are not as strong as those of their adult counterparts. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports indicate that 90 percent of fungicides are carcinogenic, while 60 percent of herbicides and 30 percent of insecticides could potentially cause cancer. People are also at heightened risk of drinking contaminated water the more such chemicals are used to grow fruits and vegetables. Agricultural runoff is one of the leading contributors to contami-

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FARM EQUIPMENT 12 ECT FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2011

cows with recombinant bovine growth hormone, which results in a two- to tenfold increase in levels of IGF-1. Because organic farming methods do not involve the use of hormones, this is not a problem for those who purchase organic dairy products. Benefits to Animals Animals raised in accordance with traditional farming methods often pay the ultimate price. Because they are fed diets high in grain to promote fast growth, commercially raised cattle receive less fiber than their natural diet calls for. This often results in high acid buildup, making the cattle more susceptible to bacteria such as E. coli and, in some instances, more likely to suffer sudden death. Chickens can also be victimized by traditional farming methods. Breeding chickens by traditional means often requires them to be placed in very limiting cages that do not afford them any room to move. In addition, they are bred to gain weight far faster than nature calls for. While they gain the weight, their heart and lungs are not capable of supporting the rapid growth. Couple that with the unnatural conditions in which they are raised, and their compromised immune system is facing an uphill battle, one that requires the use of antibiotics to keep them alive. This use of antibiotics is not allowed in organic farming, making for healthier poultry and healthier animals as well. TF099464

2010 seed disease summary Lisa Britz P.Ag., CCA Manager of Agronomic Services, Viterra A strong foundation for a prosperous crop is built by putting the best seed into the ground. As you make plans for 2011, take into account the excessive moisture of 2010 and the potential impact on the quality of your seed. Due to these conditions, a seed test should be done to determine germination, and perhaps the level of seed-borne fungi at an accredited seed lab. Below is a summary of germination and disease levels from Biovision Seed Lab.

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Floor Fashions Seed borne Fusarium levels have wide ranges and are higher than 2009. To limit the impact that diseases have on your crop in 2011, the following actions should be considered: • Have your seed tested for disease. • Consider using a seed treatment especially on a year such as this one to reduce the negative effects of both seed and soil borne diseases on your developing seedlings. • Follow a proper crop rotation to reduce disease overlap.

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SALES LTD. FARM EQUIPMENT COMBINES 2008 MF 9895, mav, duals, swathmaster, 330 sp hrs ..........$299,900 2005 Gleaner R75, 611 hrs, chopper, swathmaster ..............$199,000 2005 MF 9690, 680 sep hrs, swathmaster, chopper, chaff spreader .......................................................................$199,000 2005 CHALLENGER 670, 1050 Hrs, new pu, chopper......$169,900 2003 MF 9790, 1100 hrs, chopper, chaff spreader...............$179,000 2001 GLEANER R62, 387 sep hrs, 04 pu, chopper ............$169,000 2001 MF 8780XP, 1750 sep hrs, super 8, chopper, chaff spd ....$99,000 1997 NH TX 66, 2850 sep hrs, new ft tires, chopp................$49,900 1987 CASE IH 1682, 1015cihpu, chopper, shedded ...............$6,200 1987 MF 8560, 2006hrs, chopper, pu 190hp .........................$29,900 1994 MF 8570, 3000hrs, chopper, pu, spreader.....................$39,900 1986 MF 8560, chopper, pu header, 190hp............................$29,900 1981 GLEANER N7, sunnybrook, chopper, renn pu ............$14,900 HAY AND FORAGE EQUIPMENT 2004 MF 9420, 36’ 5100 series..............................................$79,900 2004 HESSTON 956A, full auto, nice...................................$21,900 2003 HESSTON 8450, 110hp, 1947hrs, 2005 hdr.................$70,000 2003 HESSTON 8020, 16’ sickle header, rubber on steel, fits MF & Hesston 9000 series ...........................................$18,900 2003 MF 220 XL, 30’, dsa, ull reels ......................................$69,900 1997 MF 220, 1250Hrs, 30ft, UII reels .................................$42,900 1997 MF 220, 2400Hrs, sch, 30ft, UII reels ..........................$34,900 1993 HESSTON 8100, 164hrs, 30’, dsa, UII reels ................$32,900 1984 CCIL 742 42’ bat sld, 1800hrs ......................................$17,900 1975 IH, 28’ batt reels ..............................................................$2,500 220 Hay Header, 16’ ..............................................................$13,900 OTMA 2-Wht ft mt swath turner ................................................$999 TRACTORS 2010 Versatile 535, 900 metrics ............................................... CALL 2008 MF 7490, cvt, fel, 650x42, air ride cab ........................... CALL 2006 CHALLENGER MT 865 B, 510 hp, 5100hrs ............$169,900 2006 CAT MT 865B, 510hp, 6333hrs,30”tks ......................$159,900 2005 MF GC2300, 527Hrs, loader, turf tires ...........................$9,900 2004 MF 8280, 2700 hrs, alo loader, grapple, 42” duals, 3 pth ....$99,000 2004 MF 431, 2wd, 52hp, 190hrs, 3pth .................................$17,900 2002 MF GC2300, 350 Hrs .....................................................$9,900 1999 AGCO White 8810, 3145 hrs, 3 pth, 20.8x42 ...............$74,900 1998 NH 9282, 3600Hrs, 18.4x38 duals, 4hyd......................$79,900 1998 NH 9682, 3600 hrs, 20.8x42 duals, 4hyd .....................$94,900 1997 AGCO Allis 4650, 2wd, 40hp, 600hrs, no cab, 3pth ....$12,900 1997 NH 9482, 5000hrs, 20.8x42, 4hyd, 12sp ......................$85,900 1996 AGCO Allis 9670, ps trans, 175hp, fwa........................$59,000 1995 CAT 75C, 325hp, 4hyd, 3pt, pto. ..................................$59,900

1995 FORD 9480, 5300 hrs, 20.8x45, 4hyd. .........................$74,900 1993 AGCO ALLIS 9630, 5831 Hrs, 18 spd ps ....................$59,900 1992 JD 2755, fwa, 128SL ldr, cab7000hrs ...........................$33,900 1992 AGCO ALLIS 9130, fwa, 135hp, MFWD ....................$35,900 1990 JD 4555, ps trans, 3pth, 4760hrs ...................................$43,900 1990 CAT 65, 270hp, 3hyd, p.s. trans, 24’’trks .....................$49,900 1989 DEUTZ-ALLIS 9170, 170hp, fwa, 18sp, 1000pto .......$29,900 1988 AGCO WHITE 185,1 8sp, frt wghts, 1000 pto, cummins ...$49,900 1987 VERSATILE 276, 3800 hrs, fel, 3pth, loader ...............$29,900 1984 CASE 2294, duals, 8200hrs ..........................................$14,900 1980 JD 4640, 156hp, ps trans, 20.8x38 duals ......................$19,900 1979 JD 4840, ps trans, 7100hrs, 3pth ...................................$19,900 1977 White 4-180, 1000pto, 23.1x34 single, 4500hrs ...........$16,900 JD 410 Utility, loader, cab, pto, 2wd........................................$9,900 INDUSTRIAL LIFTS 2005 JLG 1930ES, scissorlift, 1000lb, 18’ lift, 190hrs ............$5,900 2000 JCB 508C, 4x4x4 ..........................................................$24,900 2000 Lull 644 .........................................................................$27,900 1999 TRAVERSE 6035, 6000lbs, 37’ lift, 4x4x4 ..................$27,900 1999 SKYTRACK 9038, 9000lbs, 4x4x4, telefork lift .........$24,900 1996 PETTIBONE T8042, 42’ lift boom, 8000 lbs lift .........$25,900 1995 GRADALL 554, 10000lbs lift, 4X4, 55’ reach, 117hp ...$24,900 1988 CASE 586e ,4x4, 6000 lbs lift, 21’ rough terrain .........$26,900 1985 LULL 844, 42” life boom, 8000lbs 4x4x4....................$24,900 1982 PETTIBONE Super 8, 8000lb, rough terrain fork, 4x4x4 .....$8,900 PLAFOLIF TPH 30, dual fuel, gas or lpg................................$9,900 SKIDSTEERS 2007 BOBCAT 463, kub dsl, 22.5hp, 211hrs, 700lb lift........$14,900 2007 DOOSAN 460Plus, 72hp, 3hrs, warranty .....................$24,900 2005 CASE 420, bkt, canopy, aux hyd ..................................$26,900 2005 THOMAS 85, 28hp .......................................................$13,900 2004 SCAT TRAK 1700, 80hp, 1850lb lift ...........................$19,900 2004 ASV RC85, cat dsl, 86hp, cab, air, ht, tracks ................$32,900 2003 MUSTANG 2095, cab, air, aux hyd, 2800hrs ...............$27,900 2003 BOBCAT T250, 3300hrs, 3600lbs lift, track, 81hp ......$23,900 2003 KOMATSU SK1020-5, dsl, 2000 lbs lift, high flow.....$26,900 2002 CAT 252, cat dsl, 63hp, 2250lbs lift .............................$24,900 2002 CAT 248, Hy flow, 80hp, 2000lbs lift ...........................$24,900 2002 CAT 277, cab, air, 2950 lift cap ....................................$29,900 2002 GEHL SL7800, 110hp, cab, air, ht, 3600lb lift .............$29,900 2000 BOBCAT 773, 1500 lbs lift, aux hyd ............................$18,900 1998 JCB 185 Robot III, 73hp, 1875 lb lift, tires ..................$17,900 1997 JD 8875, cab, air, 3100hrs, aux hyd, 61hp ....................$19,900 1995 BOBCAT 440N, 600lbs lift, 16.5hp gas .........................$9,900 1987 BOBCAT 440, 600lbs lift, 16.5hp, gas ...........................$8,900 WHEEL LOADERS 2004 DRESSTA 515E,1300hrs,2.5yrd,120hp........................$49,900

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2003 GEHL AL20DX, compact, no cab, 19hp ......................$16,900 2003 TEREX SKL 873, 3100hrs, 2.6yrd, 136hp ...................$55,900 1998 SCATTRAK 3200, 4WD, 75 yrd bkt, JD dsl 3 cyl .......$19,900 1994 CASE 721B, 140hp, 3.25yd bkt....................................$49,900 1994 KAWASAKI 70Z-III, 3.25yrd, 158hp ..........................$59,900 1988 DRESSER 520B, 5.9 cummins.....................................$29,900 1987 CASE W30, 3yrd, 153hp ..............................................$25,900 1986 DEERE 644D, big bkt, cab, 20.5x25 ............................$39,900 1985 CASE W14, q/c bkt, 83hp, 1.5yrd ................................$19,900 1984 VOLVO 4500, 4yrd, 23.5 tires ......................................$34,900 1980 TEREX 72-71B, 8v92T, 338hp, 9yrd bkt .....................$34,900 1979 CAT 910,65hp,1.25yrd ..................................................$24,900 1977 CAT 980B,5yrd, near new tires.....................................$39,000 1975 JD 644B, 3yd, 20.5x25, 145hp, cab ..............................$27,900 1972 TROJAN 3000, 5 yrd bkt ..............................................$18,900 1972 CAT 920, 80hp, 1.5yd, aux hyd ....................................$27,900 DOZERS 2004 Cat D3G XL, cab, 70hp, 6way ......................................$59,900 1995 CAT D5H LGP, 6way, cab, air, heat, 120hp .................$59,900 BACKHOES 2007 TEREX 760B, 4x4, 86hp, 120hrs .................................$79,000 2004 NH LB110, 4X4exhoe, 2600hrs, 108hp .......................$49,900 1992 BOBCAT 2410, 14” dd, kub dsl ...................................$24,900 1990 CAT 416, 4X4, exhoe, 62hp, 8400hrs ...........................$29,900 1990 CASE 580K, 4X4, exhoe, 63hp, 5600hrs .....................$29,900 1989 JD 210C, 4x4, 55hp ......................................................$24,900 1985 JD 510B,70hp,1.3yd bkt,15’6’’dd.................................$23,900 1984 JD 410B, 4X4 exthoe, 62hp ..........................................$29,900 1981 FORD 555,1 yrd bkt,14’ dd,4400hrs,55hp....................$17,900 EXCAVATORS 2004 BOBCAT 331G,mini,40hp,tracks .................................$19,900 1999 HYUNDIA ROBEX 210LC-3,tracks............................$49,900 1996 HITACHI EX150E, track, 5500hrs, thumb...................$39,900 1988 BADGER 444 ...............................................................$19,900 TRUCKS 2004 PETE 387, CAT 475, areo bunk, 950km’s ....................$29,900 1992 IHC 4900, s/a, king auger deck .......................................$5,900 1990 IHC 4600, 20’ flat deck, 5&2 ..........................................$4,900 1982 S 10 Chevy, custom, auto ................................................$9,900 MISC. 2008 KAW 3010 mule, 600hrs, windshield .............................$6,900 2002 Degelman 7000 Strawmaster, 50’, beeline ...................$19,900 1995 Champion 720A, 160hp, 8300hrs, cummins. ...............$45,900 Ingersoll-Rand, 6KW light tower, Kubota dsl .........................$3,900 Ditch Witch 6510, dsl, 8’ trench bar, crumbling shoe, cable plowblade ....................................................................$9,900 Matatdor 7900, 6ft swath invertor ...........................................$6,900

13 ECT FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2011

Soil testing crucial for the 2011 growing season

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by Patrick Mooleki, PhD, PAg. Soil/Nutrient Management Specialist Agriculture Knowledge Centre Regional Services Branch Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture The excess moisture problems faced by most farmers in 2010 present conditions that make it impossible to guess what kind of nu-

trient levels should be expected in the field for the 2011 growing season. Hence, it is imperative that producers conduct soil testing before making fertilizer application decisions this season. Soil testing is an important tool in fertilizer management. Without it, fertilizer application rates are based on guessing or previous application rates that

may no longer be correct. This has resulted in either over-application or under-application of nutrients to crops, both of which have the potential of causing nutrient deficiencies and imbalance resulting in poor crop yield and/or quality. Soil testing tells the producer soil nutrient levels and which ones and how much should be added as fertilizers.

Of the four major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur), nitrogen is the one that will have been impacted the most by the excess moisture conditions of 2010. Under excess moisture conditions, nitrogen in the nitrate form is subject to both denitrification and volatilization (gassing off) and leaching (percolating downward with wa-

ter). How much available nitrogen to expect in the field this season depends on what happened on the field last summer. There were different combinations of scenarios such as: •fertilized, seeded and not flooded •fertilized, seeded and flooded •unfertilized, unseeded and flooded •fertilized, unseeded (too wet), dried later

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and weeds controlled •fertilized, unseeded (too wet), dried later and weeds uncontrolled •unfertilized, unseeded (too wet), dried later and weeds controlled •unfertilized, unseeded (too wet), dried later and weeds uncontrolled •etc. Most nitrogen fertilizers apply nitrogen in the ammonium form or in a form that converts to ammonium quickly in the soil. Ammonium is neither susceptible to denitrification nor leaching. If the flooding occurred before the ammonium converted to nitrates minimum losses may be expected. Fields that were fertilized but remained unseeded, the loss of that nitrogen would depend on whether or not the weeds were controlled, if so early or late. If early, assimilation losses would be minimal and vice versa if late or not at all. If the soil dried out later in the year, this may have allowed not only weed growth but also mineralization of organic matter and release of available nitrogen that may have become susceptible to loss when converted to nitrates. Phosphorus and potassium are less susceptible to losses. They are not as soluble in the water hence, they do not leach out. Sulphur on the other hand can also be leached out or be used by microorganisms under waterlogged conditions as a source of oxygen (from SO4). Furthermore, the movement of sulphate salts with water can result in salt accumulation on the soil surface. Reports from soil labs and soil scientists indicate that much as we can speculate on what should happen to the dynamics of nitrogen under these scenarios, we cannot say for sure what actually happened in each situation. The overall, conclusion is that the answer lies in soil testing.

Evaluating your grazing program by Allan Foster PAg Regional Forage Specialist Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Tisdale Regional office Cattle herds are getting bigger. Herds of three to four hundred are much more common today than 10 years ago. No longer are cattle kept just because there are a few acres of unworkable land on the farm, as a result grazing management is becoming more and more important. A good grazing program reduces selective grazing, improve harvest efficiency, improve vegetative cover and maintain the health and longevity of the

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pasture. Here are a few questions you can use to evaluate your grazing program. Do you wait in the spring until the pasture is ready before you turn cattle out? Generally grasses need to reach at least the three leaf stage before they are ready for use. However, having said this, getting cattle out of wet, muddy corrals earlier in the spring improves herd health. Having an early spring or calving pasture of sod forming grasses that can be managed specifically for feeding on while the main pastures grow works well. How heavily do you stock? Do you have any stubble or carry over in your fields when the first fall frost comes? Carry over is that portion of the current years growth that is left after the growing season is over. Carryover is not wasted feed it becomes litter which helps protect the soil. How well do your livestock distribute? Good livestock distribution usually involves some fencing. Smaller fields provides for easier grass management. Cattle will utilize all acres better if not allowed to pick preferred areas. Are you using various types of pasture to their best advantage? Tame pastures should be fenced separately from the native or bush pastures. Fencing will allow natives species in bush and upland pastures to be used in summer or early fall when

they are least affected by grazing. Fencing riparian areas will allow use after the soils have dried so cattle will have less impact on stream bank vegetation and soils. Some tame grasses can tolerate earlier spring grazing better than others so having these fences separately will allow the best use of each type of vegetation. Do you practice rotational grazing providing adequate periods of rest and recovery? Providing pasture species with adequate rest before they are grazed is the backbone of a good grazing program. Pasture plants are resilient, provided they can fully recover before being grazed again. Some plants such as alfalfa benefit from rest during the critical fall period, that four to six week period prior to the first killing frost. Do you monitor your pastures and recognize deterioration at an early stage? Keeping track of the level of use after each grazing, amount of carryover in the fall, the type and percent of desirable and invasive species, and where the cattle graze are some parameters what will help your grass management. Continually evaluating the grazing program ensures that if something isn’t working it will be identified and can be changed. For more information on this or other forage topics contact your nearest Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture regional office.

Quill Lake Branch 383-4155 Fax 383-2622 Jansen-Esk Branch 364-2057 Fax 364-2144 Kelvington Branch 328-4728 Fax 327-5100 Hendon Branch 338-3211 www.accentcu.ca www.kelvington.cu.sk.ca

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15 ECT FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2011

Report a wake-up for Canada’s agri-food sector

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OTTAWA, February, 7, 2011 — Canada is not realizing the full potential of a major strategic asset — the country’s agri-food sector. The consequences of falling profitability, lost opportunity and declining relevance are impairing Canada’s ability to capitalize on the tremendous opportunities that lie ahead. That’s the main message in a new report from the Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute (CAPI), Canada’s Agri-Food Destination. Canada’s agri-food industry is the country’s largest employer and a major exporter. Yet chronic unprofitability, rising food imports and the risk of being surpassed by other exporting nations flag serious underlying deficiencies in the system. Add to this a dramatic rise in diet-related diseases and obesity, environmental threats, falling research and development investments and the persistent call for a modern regulatory process. The status quo is unacceptable. Canada’s agrifood industry has the natural

billion). •To produce and supply 75% of our own food (currently: 68%). •To have over 75% of the agri-food sector rely on biomaterials and/or biofuels to develop new revenues or reduce expenses. “We hope the ideas in this report will spur creative discussion among all stakeholders – from farmers to foodies, from researchers to regulators, from environmentalists to economists, from the health community to consumers and back again,” said Gaëtan Lussier, Chair of CAPI. “We need all participants in the agri-food sector and all those involved in food to step up to the plate. The opportunity is clear. We need consumers here and abroad to choose Canadian food. We want investors to choose Canada. We know that the agri-food sector can contribute even more to Canada’s prospects.” The ideas for this report were developed since late 2009 with the establishment of three Leadership Panels (on food

and human resources to do much better — yet Canada risks sleeping right through its greatest potential. CAPI is hoping to wake the country up by sparking discussions designed to pioneer a new agri-food plan. Industry and government need to embrace new approaches, including transforming the traditional value chain mindset, adopting a new innovation model and reforming government support programs. The plan also advances ideas for healthier food choices, environmental sustainability and regulatory change. Achieving our potential requires that Canada must have the most successful good food systems on the planet. The agri-food industry, its suppliers, researchers, adjacent sectors and governments need to work in closely integrated food systems to achieve this “destination” in order to reach the following targets – which are catalysts for change – by 2025: •To double Canada’s dollar value of agri-food exports to $75 billion (currently: $38.8

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insights. CAPI will focus its efforts now on how best to implement the core ideas in the destination report and expects to provide an update on the feedback in May 2011. CAPI is also releasing a number of research papers on its website that helped support the development of this work (www.capi-icpa.ca). About CAPI The Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute (CAPI) is an independent, unbiased policy forum that is dedicated to the success of Canada’s agriculture and agri-food sector. CAPI is a catalyst. It identifies emerging issues, promotes dialogue and advances alternative solutions to issues with stakeholders across the diverse agriculture and agrifood value chain, and among academia, research institutes, governments and other sectors in Canada. Based in Ottawa, CAPI was established as a not-for-profit corporation in 2004 by the federal government and is guided by a diverse Board of Directors and an Advisory Committee.

and wellness connection, sustainability and viability) to explore key agri-food issues and propose solutions. Participants represented the breadth of the agri-food sector, including primary agriculture, processors, agri-food businesses and organizations, input providers and retail, and from health and environment organizations and research institutes, academia, and federal and provincial governments. “We need an agri-food plan that transcends our traditional five-year planning horizon and rediscovers the vitality and sense of excitement that comes with new opportunities,” said Lussier. “An intensively collaborative attitude across each food system will lead to good food responsibly produced and reliably supplied.” The next step is to receive feedback from industry, government, and other stakeholders on how best to implement these strategic changes. CAPI invites comments and

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Dealing with fallow nitrogen fertility Lisa Britz P.Ag., CCA Manager, Agronomy Services - Viterra There was a lot of fallow in NE SK in 2010, which saw a wide range of fallow management. To try assess (or at least guess) how the fallow rotation affected soil levels of N, a number of fields were sampled by Viterra Agronomists and staff across NE SK. These were sampled 0-6” and 6-12”, 6-24”, which proved to be difficult as the subsoil was very wet and compacted on the fallow areas. In the majority of the fields sampled, the fallow fields were compared to an adjacent stubble field. The samples were taken from a very small area in the adjacent fields for accurate comparison. The results were variable. Most stubble fields were sampling very low N, often less than 10 lb of N per acre. The fallow fields were more variable with fields that were unseeded and unfertilized fields testing very low in available soil N. Mean-

procedure to measure nitrates in a soil, and this is the primary form that plants use to grow. If a soil has a high test level of nitrate, it will not be N deficient. But, if a soil has a low level of nitrate, we do not know exactly what the level will be the next day or the next month. Plants decay, water moves in the profile, soil organic matter releases nitrates….so soil with very low levels of nitrate on one day may actually have very different requirements for N. Soil test labs do try to model what the future N level will be (that’s why they ask what the previous crop and yield was), but soils are close to impossible to model. The exact level for each field is really impossible to ascertain – this will come only by thinking about the field management, and typical response you see each year. The best advice? Soil test at least some fields! The first priority should be fields that had been fertilized but not seeded.

while, the unseeded but fertilized fields, soil tests were measuring between 40-50% of the N that had been applied! If not severely flooded, not all the nitrogen was lost. It is important to remember that soil tests measure nitrate N, which is the most soluble form of plant available N in the soil. In many cases there was a very healthy top growth of weed and/or volunteer crops. Soil tests cannot measure the N in this plant growth, and these fields tend to test very low in N. I suspect that after winter the N in these plants may release (through plant decay) and convert to nitrate in the soil. In addition, there is a chance that upward moving water may move nitrates upwards into the root zone…this will mainly happen as crops begin to use water next spring. We often hear the opinion that ‘soil testing doesn’t work’. This is wrong – it is a very simple

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