Makerspace

Makers

Hunter

Faddis

pace

MAKERSPACE HUNTER FADDIS CAPSTONE RESEARCHING & PROGRAMMING PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY FALL 2018

Capstone Committee

CAPSTONE R & P PROFESSOR LISA PHILLIPS, IIDA, NCIDQ ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR @ PHILAU EMAIL: PHILLIPSL@PHILAU.EDU

CAPSTONE PROFESSOR LAWRENCE McEWON, RA ADJUNCT PROFESSOR @ PHILAU EMAIL: MCEWONL@PHILAU.EDU

INDUSTRY ADVISOR

CAITLYN KELLY INTERIOR DESIGN COORDINATOR @ VMA EMAIL: KELLY@VMA1.COM

Myself: For never changing your ideas and sticking with what you believe in even when you were told that you were just a little too crazy.

My Family: For always supporting me through everything I do even when I said multiple times that I was going to quit. Thank you so much and now look, we have an awesome coffee book to show to everyone.

Dedications

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03 04 05

INTRODUCTION HISTORIOGRAPHY CASE STUDIES TECHNICAL CRITERIA TOPICAL EXPLORATION

06 07 08 09 10

SITE, CONTEXT, CLIMATE, ZONING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT BUILDING ANALYSIS CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

01

Introduction

“But out of limitations comes creativity!�

-Debbie Allen

Preface:

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This project is meaningful to me because when I grew up I had the privilege of having a workshop in my basement.

My father would teach me all different kind of ways to build things from something small like a birdhouse to something more advance like the playhouse that was nestled up in the backyard pine tree. While my mother

taught me how to paint and draw also taking the time to show me how to press flowers from the garden. She wanted me to make the things I built with my dad more expressive of who I am through color and mix media.

Both my mother and father raised me to take pride in creating what you make with your hands and to embrace being creative. As I write this I’m realizing that I

wouldn’t be here now if I didn’t learn how to build and create things with my hands, but many kids today don’t have access to woodshops, paints and other creative materials like I did. So, when I heard about the maker movement I was hooked. The idea of creating a space for people who want to build and providing the necessary tools needed to create is a powerful tool. Allowing

anyone who wants to learn how build the access to do so.

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Context: Within the past five years 23 schools have closed and become abandoned in Philadelphia1 with more soon to follow. That’s not even it, Philadelphia schools are getting hit by higher taxes and lower enrollment which has initiated budget cuts for Philadelphia schools2. This alone has affected the kids and families of the surrounding areas by cutting important programs in public schools, the arts.

Cutting the arts from public schools doesn’t allow students to be creative and opened to job opportunities in the future unlike schools with art programs who allow their students to be open to creativity.

Design Goals: A major goal for this project is to provide equipment necessary for clients and small business to allow them to create and make what they need to succeed.

The importance of providing equipment is critical to the success of a makerspace. Without the proper equipment clients cannot make successful projects.

Another goal for this project is to create a work environment that

clients will feel comfortable with the ability to interact with each other on projects. Makerspaces are major hubs for social interactions with builders talking to each other asking about ways to improve their projects or ideas. Most importantly providing crucial equipment and interactive workspaces will provide the building blocks for a successful makerspace for anyone who enters the makerspaces.

Research: When conducting research on makerspaces different means of mediums will be very useful in finding reliable information.

Utilizing literature journals, books, and scholarly online articles to find information about how to create and build makerspaces for today’s society.

The most important information collected will be from in person observations from several case

studies throughout the United States. These case studies will provide the opportunity to observe people working in makerspaces and to get incite on how to improve future makerspaces.

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Roles: The designer of this project will play a key role in this project by creating a space that provides interaction between the makers in the space and the outside community by fusing their knowledge of social interaction.

The designer will use their skills of space planning and knowledge of materiality to choose the appropriate locations of machinery. By incorporating Universal Design into the space will allow everyone to access rooms equally based on any condition, allowing anyone to make and build. Most importantly

Sustainability: the designer will have to focus on way finding to ensure that anyone using the space knows where safe zones start and end to guarantee a safe work environment.

Client: For this makerspace the hypothetical client will be a client that uses their own money to open a makerspace. It also needs to be someone who is passionate about providing a space for people who love to build.

The completion of this project will serve as a resource to the sustainably community with quality’s that provide simple solutions to making the environment we live in cleaner and safer for humanity. The existing building will be utilized as a building block for design development by reusing existing materials to eliminate future waste in landfills and encouraging the importance of recycling old materials. Consolidating the

User:

energy from the sun to heat, power, and cool the space will reduce energy usage and will lower the cost to operate the makerspace. This will be possible by providing on site solar panels for power and automated shades to reduce exposure to midday sunray heat. Interior of the building will use low VOCs and to incorporate foliage to improve indoor air quality for users. The building will set a precedent for all future makerspaces built.

The users of the makerspace are small startup businesses in the greater Pennsylvania Philadelphia area and also a the less fortunate who don’t have access to advance equipment and machinery that makerspaces provide. Within the last two years Pennsylvania has grown to have nearly 1,000,000 small businesses providing 2.4 million jobs to with 47.3 percent of that towards the private labor sector3. The growth of small businesses in Pennsylvania is at an all-time high and workspaces for these businesses are in high demand. The increasing amount of businesses and improving economy allow for growth in companies and providing a space for businesses to meet with prospected clients and the proper

equipment to build prototypes is crucial to the growth of the company as a whole. On the other side of the spectrum middle and lower class in Pennsylvania don’t have access to proper equipment. This is more evident in Philadelphia with an increasing of poor income residents with 17 percentage growth from 1970s and a 17 percent decrease in middle class residents4. This change in income shows a change in working traits in the community. With the population drop from 1.9 million in the late 1970s, to just over 1.5 million people today5. This is due to the closing of factories and people moved out of the city into the suburbs in search of jobs6.

The space will be excusable to children from the ages of five to sixteen with the supervision of an adult. This allows all guests from all ages the ability to build and 17 create.

Socio-Economic Conditions:

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The makerspace may not address a specific variety of socio-economic groups but will be attainable to all incomes in the greater Philadelphia area, but it will have a focus on lower and middle-class residences due to the demographics of Philadelphia. Any clients who visit makerspaces are allowed to use the space through a membership.

Makerspaces make profits

through new application fees and monthly membership fees.

This ensures that the expenses of the facility are paid off and employees are provided with livable salaries. They can also gain profit through providing additional classes to teach new members special software’s and machinery to allow them to create new products. The number of members joining the makerspace can fluctuate and can affect the amount of money they can make which can lead to budget cuts. This can lead to higher membership fees and even limiting hours of operation.

Demographics: The demographic groups to take in consideration are a wide range of families ranging from a 45-year-old mother teaching her 9-year-old son how to build a bird house to brothers learning how to make a prototype for the next amazing toothbrush. The demographics of the makerspace can change day by day. Primarily makerspaces attract lower and middleclass income families due to the lack of money many of these families can’t afford the equipment provided in a makerspace. A growing demographic are small startup companies that aren’t large

companies that aren’t large enough to have their own space, so a makerspace allows them to rent a space by day to operate their business.

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Time to Create:

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Bird House License Plate Roof

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02

Historiography

“Creativity is Intelligence Having Fun!�

-Albert Einstein

Prehistoric Times:

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Creativity during prehistoric times consisted of the creation of simple tools and ideas of what creation is. The Australian Aborigines were from India and migrated to Australia around 50,000 years ago.1 They created one of the first hunting weapons, the boomerang. People today associate the boomerang as a playful toy that will come back to

its original user, when in reality the tool was used for hunting purposes. The Aborigines used boomerangs to hunt and kill animals for food. The concept of the boomerang was practical, but the design was part of ingenuity.

The Aborigines created the boomerang with aerodynamics in mind with a light wood material and carving from the center out to the tips to improve speed and

distance.2 The Aborigines started to use the ideas of creativity to design a more effective boomerang in ways of hunting without knowing that their design is still used today but instead of hunting for just plain enjoyment.

A mix of creativity and science was used when the Egyptians and Mexicans created pyramids. The most notable where the Mayans. The Mayans

used astronomy to create structures that would reflect their beliefs as a civilization.

The use of the pyramids were shaped to have flat tops for rituals and ceremonies that the Mayans practiced.3 The structure also held hidden meanings.

The 365 steps would signify the amount of days in a year with the height realigned the hierarchy of power.4 The higher

the pyramids where the higher the priest was to god. They created pyramids for navigation to other local Mayan cavillations in the surrounding area5 focusing on keeping colonies together as a landmark. They could also be used as burial chambers for high ranking officials with hidden chambers full of treasure making it desirable for treasure hunters.

The outside of the pyramids had carvings of gods painted with bright intricate colors to standout in the surrounding jungle landscape.6 The creativity of the Mayans lead to a fascination of their culture and lead to great understanding of their beliefs of creativity.

Ancient Greece: Ancient Greece was a time where creativity started to be defined as a subject matter and as a way of expressing one’s self. The problem was that there were many limitations to creativity due to the beliefs of ancient Greek culture. Many artists could not create what they wanted without government control.7 Whatever you created had to fall into the eternal model of “natural law”. Natural law is the use of analyzing human nature to deduce binding rules of moral behavior from natures of God’s creation of mankind.8 This created limits to what you can and cannot create. Painting, music, literature, and sculptures

where restricted to what nature creates. Sculptures would glorify human achievements with celebrating ideal human form focusing on representing gods.9 This type of creativity was not expressive and was controlling.

The role of creativity fell onto the shoulders of the poets. Poetry was where people could express their thoughts without stretching the truth. Poets were seen differently by the government.

They were seen to showcase true stories but incorporating a more interesting way to hold the reader. Greeks viewed poets as inventors by putting together unrelated entities and letting them interact in an arbitrary manner.10 The beginning of creativity started to take shape during ancient Greece times, but wasn’t fully explored until later into the Renaissance.

Renaissance: During the renaissance, people were still in a time of confusion between what creativity is and who is creative? During the 17th century the term “creativity” was finally applied to text by a famous Polish poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski.11 He only applied the word to poetry. In one of his writings, De Perfecta Poesi he wrote that a poet invents and creates anew in the manner

of God and views that other arts do not create but instead imitate.12 His view relates back to ancient Greek times with the idea that poetry was a dominate role of creativity. By the end of the 17th century many writers and poets started to view painters as “creators” and sculptures as “inventors”.13 This achievement of acceptance allows for the expansion of creativity and expressing of oneself through

art. The Renaissance allowed for artists to finally create paintings of creative content. Other forms of creative exploration that occurred during the renaissance was invention of machinery, literature, and most prevalent fashion. Renaissance fashion was a time of showing off wealth and power through clothing. The use of jewels, color and fabrics showed the wealth one had during this time period. Creativity was finally recognized as trait and professional practice now allowing artists to finally express themselves through their art without religious/government 29 control.

Time

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: e t a To Cre

g n a r e m oo

B i m a g i r An O

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03

Case Studies

Part One: NextFab Lab 2025 Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19146- 21,000sq/ft

This isn’t just a return to creating things with your hands - this is the future of making.

-Dr. Evan Malone (Owner of NextFab)

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Introduction:

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The NextFab is one of the first established makerspaces in the greater Philadelphia area. The company was established in 2008 with the opening of their first location in South Philadelphia.

The 2025 Washington Ave. location is their first and sets a precedent for future makerspaces they open. Currently NextFab has three locations, two being in Philadelphia and their newest one in Wilmington Delaware

with more locations on the way.

NextFab focuses on providing a working space for anyone willing to learn a new trait or to prosper their company. The most important thing the NextFab provides are proper equipment and training to all their members.

This establishes a bond with members and the company to allow for equal growth. The 2025 Washington Ave. location focuses on the future of makerspaces by providing advance technology and co-working spaces for all members. The facility consists of 21,000sq/ft of woodshops, metal working, 3D printers and more.

User: The owner of NextFab is Dr. Evan Malone. Malone graduated from University of Pennsylvania with a degree in physics and went back to school for systems engineering, robotics and 3-D printing at Cornell. He worked with the University City Science Center to found NextFab Studios.

He put together two passions of his, engineering and tinkering to create a space that allows people like him to explore and to create. The users of the NextFab labs are the surrounding communities of Philadelphia and in Wilmington Delaware. Members of the makerspace vary in ages and professions, but all have one

thing in common, the passion to make. Through observations gathered from site visits the users can vary from day to day from students working on school projects to entrepreneurs creating the next big thing. An employee of the company expressed her excitement about coming to work each day just to see the progress of each member’s project.

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Site/Context:

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The setting of the NextFab sites are located in densely populated neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are usually consist of low and middle-class residents that may or may not have access to proper working equipment. The setting for the 2025 Washington Ave. location is in a neighborhood that was once thriving with factories but is now in a slow decline due to the moving and closing of factories.

This in effect left the surrounding neighborhood full of abandoned factories and warehouses.

This abundant amount of vacant factories and warehouses is prime real estate for Dr. Evan Malon’s makerspace thus the NextFab was created.

“There is NO elevator to Success.

Style:

You have to take the Stairs.�

-Jody Hedlund

The style of the NextFab building can be defined as industrial.

Both the interior and exterior work with each other equally.

Both incorporate the same materials and colors inside and out. The use of stucco covered concrete block of the exterior are integrated throughout the interior of building. The interior also utilizes the structural components of the building with exposed beams and columns on each floor of the two-story building.

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Concept & Style Organization: NextFab Lab is laid out with public areas surrounding the entrance of the space while the private spaces start past the entrance. The public spaces consist of a single entrance with a welcoming reception desk.

This location in particular has an attached cafĂŠ that allows members of the makerspace access to food and coffee to help them continue building. Also providing a space for members of the community to go to do the same. This unity of members and the public allows the spread

of ideas of makerspaces while also exposing the public to new products and ideas. The private spaces consist of member only spaces with woodshops, metal shops, tech spaces, and painting studios. These spaces are only available to members of the makerspace who pay to access them. This location consist of a large metal shop and woodshop on the first floor while the second floor has individual working stations and rooms that members can go to work in private. Within the overall private space are more

private spaces for individual working and collaborative working.

Circulation: Circulation is important to NextFab for safety and movement reasons. The paths throughout the space are wide and open to allow multiple people to travel from one end of the space to the other side. Allowing members to rotate large pieces of wood and metal around the space without interfering with other members. Wayfinding plays a key role throughout the space.

Colors represented on the floor and ceiling tell the viewer where it’s safe to enter by indicating to members when to wear safety

glasses. Safety glasses are required in spaces where large machinery is used just in case debris from wood and metal become loose and fly into the air. Wayfinding also indicates signage in the space. Signage in a makerspace allows members to know what each room in the space is while also providing instructions on how to use machinery in the space.

Construction: The 2025 Washington Ave. location consists of reusing and adapting to a changing program. Originally the NextFab makerspace was formally a factory that closed in the early 2000’s and sat vacant for years after until Dr. Evan Malone purchased the space. The original space consisted of an open floorplan with one row of columns down the center of the space. When the space was adapted to become a makerspace, the owner added a second floor to the original space

doubling usable square footage.

When this happened, the building was gutted and redone to have new HVAC systems, one system for each floor. Another addition that was added was a filtering air system in all the woodshops. The role of the system is to filter out the sawed dust from the air and to circulate clean air back into the space. The importance to clean air is critical to the health of the members of the makerspace.

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Sustainability: This NextFab location does not have any structural sustainable design incorporated into their space design but does utilizes the existing structure and changing the original program to a makerspace. The company does take part in purchasing clean energy from green sources like wind power and solar. They do participate in providing clean filtered air back into the environment. With the addition of mutable motion sensors in each room and sustainable artificial lighting. They also encourage

members to reuse materials and to donate materials that were not used. They also provide recycling receptacles in every room to encourage members to recycle.

Other locations incorporate the same ideas but also utilize operable windows and even on site solar panels.

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FFE:

Design Lighting:

Accessories: :

The NextFab lab does not utilize natural light throughout its facility. The only locations of natural light are in the front of the building and in the rear.

Within the core of the building there is no access to outside light. Although there is no natural lighting there is an abundant amount of artificial lighting, from overhead LED lighting to individual task lighting on each workstation. The importance of lighting in makerspaces is crucial to members to ensure safety throughout the space.

The artwork throughout the NextFab makerspace was created from current and past members.

Many pieces can be used for examples for other members while some might show what not to do. Most of the artwork is displayed near the entrance and in the cafĂŠ of the makerspace.

Most are featured in display cases while other pieces are located on walls. Allowing members to display their work promotes the makerspace they work out of.

While also exposing members to potential buyers and investors.

The most important furniture piece in a makerspace are workstations. Providing an area where members can setup their tools and supplies allows them to fully explore their creative side without being confined to a small space. The NextFab lab provides multiple locations where members can work even providing workstations in private rooms where members who need a quite space can work.

Equipment in makerspaces can vary from location to location.

This location consists of large oversized equipment and providing enough space to house large equipment is a challenge.

The openness of this location allows for oversized equipment to be installed which in return allows for more opportunities for members.

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Color:

Materials:

The colors that were chosen for the NextFab makerspace allow for creative interaction within the facility. The designer chose to use a tetradic color scheme of blues and greens mixed in with reds and oranges. The coolness of the blues and greens provides a calming working environment while the warm red and oranges provides the opposite reaction with more of an exciting and interactive space. The NextFab also utilized the reds and oranges as indicators to dangers within the space to allow for safe environment.

The materials used in the makerspace are all appropriate to the function of the overall design.

The workshop floors consist of concrete and rubber material which is durable, while the private rooms have carpeting to reduce sound. The walls are painted with low VOC and scuff resistant paint to allow for minor nicks from 4 by 4 and other materials. Paint colors also provide a positive energy to the workshops and also bring awareness to areas that can be dangerous. Incorporating chalkboard paints allows for interaction with other members and allows for day to day information. The space consists of mutable easy to clean surfaces for a healthy work environment.

Space

Appox. S.F.

Adjacencies

Function

Entry/ Reception

700 sq.ft.

Cafe/ Bathrooms

Entrance to the building

Cafe

500 sq.ft.

Reception/ Bathrooms

1,800 sq.ft.

Entry/ Bathrroms

Woodshop Metal Shop

1,800 sq.ft.

Provides food for members/ public Wood making studios

Woodshop

Metal making studios

Public Workstations

1,800 sq.ft.

Private Workstations

Private working areas

Priavte Workstations

800 sq.ft.

Public Workstations

Interactive working areas

850 sq.ft.

Public/Private 3D printers/ Workstations laser cutter

Electronics

Post Occupancy Survey What Works:

What Doesn’t:

When analyzing the NextFab makerspace of 2025 Washington Ave. the importance of location is critical to its success. Being located in a neighborhood where advanced equipment isn’t provided to the community helps the surrounding area by opening new stores and restaurants and bringing economy growth.

The makerspace has success in displaying the members’ pieces and promoting them to investors.

The facility takes pride in putting members first and helping them with anything they need to succeed. The facility utilizes a detailed floorplan by focusing on safety with color by taking the color to make safe zones to let members know when they need to be more aware of their surroundings. Also using a simple color palette to portray a creative and exciting space to work with others and future members.

While the location of the facility is ideal, there is no onsite parking which can lead to problems.

Members have to park on side streets and have to walk blocks to the makerspace. After interviewing some members, they brought this problem up saying that it is difficult to walk from your car to the workspace with a 4 by 4’s without taking breaks. Some streets around the facility have a two-hour limit, so members have to move their cars within that timeframe. With this much effort some members can lose lack of interest and leaving some members not to come to the facility as often as they would like.

An all-round issue with the space was the lack of natural light. Members said that they feel enclosed and work for five hours without seeing daylight. This can be taken into consideration,

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but also keeping in mind sun glare and heat exposure. Many members thought the space need to have more seating throughout the different workstations.

According to Matthew, he felt that having areas for people to sit and study what they are making is critical to how members can figure out problems they may be having or just how to make it better. The lack of sustainable design is another issue with such an advanced facility promoting the “new age” of making but doesn’t have many sustainable features. The addition of green features will make the makerspace more efficient but will also give members inspiration to create green products.

Evaluation After visiting the NextFab makerspace I feel like I have gain a greater understanding of what makerspaces are and how they function. I personally agree with the members who told me about the parking issues because I had a hard time finding parking. When designing a future makerspace incorporating accessible parking spaces will be a priority. I felt that the space was laid out efficiently with the public and private spaces. The addition of a cafĂŠ was perfect to keep members fueled and to also give them an area for relaxation. On top of all that the way the artwork was displayed in the cafĂŠ gave the

space a more comfy and relaxing vibes making it feel like you were home. I also appreciated the little surprises that the NextFab incorporated into their facility.

They incorporated small touches to make members happier. One thing that they did was including showers in a few of the toilet room to give members the chance to clean off after working in the woodshop or metal shop. I will utilize the small touches that the NextFab incorporated into their facility and will integrate that into my makerspace.

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Building Analysis Diagrams Public vs. Private

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Circulation

Structure

Compartmentalized

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Part Two: BOK 1901 S 9th St Philadelphia, PA, 19148340,000sq/ft

Ethical redevelopment is about considering the neighborhood, listening to the neighborhood. For us, it’s about being considerate, breaking barriers and creating transparency -Lindsey Scannapieco (Owner of BOK)

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w e vi designers, artists, charitable organizations, a day care and even a boxing club. On top of all of this diversity in tenants BOK is still growing with 80% of their tenants from South Philadelphia.

Justification: Introduction:

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BOK is an interactive community and co-working space for up and coming businesses in Philadelphia. The company was established in 2013 after the closure of the Edward Bok Technical High School in February 2013.The facility consists of ten floors totaling over 340,000sq/ft.

Of that 340,000sq/ft 80,000sq/ft is filled with jewelers, architects, furniture makers, fashion designers, milliners, product

BOK is an example of combining different kinds of companies and housing them under one roof. The idea of an inner community that connects the outside community together with providing spaces for small businesses to rent. These ideas that BOK showcases are a perfect way to incorporate into a makerspace. The makerspace can utilizes having a Coworking space and rooms to rent to small business to allow them to sell to the surrounding community.

User: The owner of BOK is Lindsey Scannapieco. Lindsey purchased the property in hopes to revitalize the community and to take a building that isn’t being utilized and transform the building into something new and useful.

Lindsey wanted to utilize the provided woodshops and tech shops and open it up to the surrounding communities and tenants. Advertising to design base firms like graphic design firms and architectural firms in hopes to create a building full of creativite people. Lindsey wants BOK to be the new design building of Philadelphia by having a wide variety of different design occupations in one contained space. The users of BOK are

the surrounding communities in South Philadelphia.

Tenants of BOK vary in ages and occupations, but all are established in one building.

Through observations gather from site visits the users can vary from day to day. Many of the users are employees of the established businesses in BOK many being design firms while others ranging from tattoo parlors to hair salons.

Other users are the public. The public has access to the shops and services that are provided at BOK. 59

Site/Context:

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The setting of BOK is in a density populated neighborhood of South Philadelphia. The neighborhood consists of low and middleclass residents that don’t have close access to the services that are provided at BOK. BOK was originally an old tech school and was closed in 2013 due to lack government funds. Surrounding BOK are row homes and small corner stores. The location has street parking but limited to only two hours. A mile outside of the neighborhood are old factories that were once thriving with

people and shops but are now in a slow decline. This in effect left the surrounding neighborhood full of abandon factories, warehouses, shops, and homes.

BOK has brought an opportunity to the community by providing affordable tenant space for businesses and local shops to the neighborhood. In return staring a revitalization of the surrounding community.

Style: The style of BOK can be defined as an art deco style. The exterior is built from mainly limestone trimmed with yellow brick. The piers and pilasters emphasize the verticality of the structure.

Around the building are carved cartouches that depicts people at work. The interior is set up like a standard school with a center corridor and classrooms on either side. Throughout the structure are classrooms that vary from different uses from brick laying, plastering, plumbing, machine building, tailoring, and

hairdressing classrooms. Each room was designed differently to adapt to the program inside.

Today the space is still original to when it was build, but each classroom has taken on a new identity through the tenant that occupies the space. Both incorporate the same materials and colors inside and out.

The interior also uses original components like the original chalkboards and hardwood floors from when the school was first built.

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Concept & Style Organization: BOK is laid out with public areas around the entrance and corridors while the private spaces are the classrooms on either side of the corridors. The public spaces consist of mutable entrances, but since the building is listed a historical building the outside could not be changed so there is only one accessible entrance.

The most recent addition to BOK is the BOK Bar, a roof top bar that sits high above the neighborhood on the eighth floor.

This new addition allows for the community inside BOK and in the

neighborhood have somewhere to meet and to hanging out.

Also allows employees access to food and drinks to help them continue working also allowing for opportunities to host work events like happy hours. The private spaces consist of tenant only spaces with woodshops, metal shops, tech spaces, painting studios, tattoo shop, and hair salons. These spaces are only available to employees and members of the community who may use one of the businesses services provided. This layout

continues throughout the ten floors of the school.

Circulation: The circulation of BOK is similar to what is found in almost every school in the United States.

A typical setup that has wide hallways/corridors that create a donut shape with classrooms on either side. BOK is layout the same with large hallways and classrooms and repeat for ten floors. The hallways have no wayfinding except for the signs on each door indicating the name of the tenant in each classroom. The only thing that is visible when entering the space are welcoming signs and signs

directing the public to the roof top bar. Throughout the rest of BOK are original signs from when it was still open to students.

Construction: BOK was designed by Irwin Catharine in 1935 and completed in February 1938. The original name of the school was Edward Bok Technical High School named after the founder of the school Edward William Bok. Edward Bok was a Dutch born American editor who was Pulitzer Prize winning author by editing the Ladies Home Journal for consecutive thirty years. The school represented a new trend of a time in vocational education with the idea of rather than being taught a trait the school

will physically teach you with designated classrooms designed for such skills as plumbing and carpentry. This allowed the school to standout from other vocational schools by allowing students to actually put what they learn to the test by building and fixing. After the schools seventy-eight years of being open Edward Bok Technical High School closed in 2013 due to the lack of government funding. Through those years the school did not under go any major renovations or construction. The building has all

Sustainability: of the original components with the addition of one new HVAC system to provide cool air in the summer time. Today the school is now BOK keeping to its technical roots, BOK is open to all different kinds of tenants, designers, and makers that need a space to rent and to grow a company.

The building itself has no sustainable aspects to its design. The age of the building is the reason why there are no sustainable features incorporated into the structure. When BOK was open in 2013 Lindsey wanted the tenants to focus on creating a more sustainable work environment for employees and the public. The BOK Bar highlights some sustainable features by using reclaimed furniture from the school and using sustainable materials including fabrics and low VOC paints. Major structural

changes could not be made do to the building being listed as historical site. Nothing on the outside faรงade can be changed only interior components of the space. The most sustainable aspect of the actual building is using what is already providing and not gutting the interior to create a new program instead of utilizing the original plan as a jumping off point for the BOK program.

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Accessories: :

Design Lighting:

FFE:

The design of BOK allows for the utilization of natural daylight.

Each classroom is exposed to wall to wall windows with full exposure to the outdoor sunlight.

This is accomplished by the two inner courtyards that allow for the central core classrooms can be exposed to the natural sunlight.

The artificial lighting comes from the above dropdown ceilings with plugged in LED lighting panels.

The space is nicely lit and has a very traditional aspect to it.

BOK does not provide many furniture pieces that are accessible to the public. Most of the furniture is displayed in the tenant spaces. The most common furniture piece used in each tenant space are workstations/ desks. Allowing for employees to work and perform certain tasks.

There are no public spaces inside of the structure besides the roof top bar. The wide hallways allow for easy transportation of equipment and circulation through the space

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The artwork throughout BOK was either created from former students or purchased and is original to when the building was built. The artwork aligns the hallways and corridors of the building. The existing lockers outside each classroom are utilized as storage for each employee of the corresponding classroom. The chalkboards and cabinets in each classroom are utilized as storage and interactive spaces for employees to gather and to leave notes for each other.

Reusing the original pieces brings a vintage and fun aspect to each space.

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Color:

Materials:

The colors that were chosen for BOK allows for a very neutral and calming atmosphere. The designer chose to use the compliment color scheme of creams and yellows with hidden feature colors of blue and brown which allows for a relaxing but intergenic space. The warmness of the creams and yellows sets a calming and soothing atmosphere for employees and guests.

While the cool blues bring some color to the space and keeping it updated. The neutral palette intends for the users of the space to create the color of building.

The materials used in BOK are all appropriate to the function of the overall design and function.

The floors consist of a variety of different materials including concrete, tiles, and hardwood floors each having different levels durability. The walls are painted with low VOC and scuff resistant paint. The hallways have the most use of limestone with the lower half and surrounding the lockers. The space has many hard surfaces and can be at times loud due to the lack of soft materials.

Utilizing the original features of the school with the maple wood moldings in the classrooms to the detailed ceiling in the auditorium.

The classrooms and hallways consist of mutable easy to clean surfaces for a healthy work environment.

Space

Appox. S.F.

Entry/ Reception

700 sq.ft.

Gyms

25,000 sq.ft.

Auditorium Toilets Classrooms/ Tenants Space

Function

Hallways

Entrance to the building

Hallways/Audi- Athletics Space torium

25,000 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Gyms

Lecture Space

2,500 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Classrooms

Private Spaces

Hallways

Workspaces

50,000 sq.ft.

Hallways 35,000 sq.ft.

Stairs

Adjacencies

1,500 sq.ft.

Classrooms/ Toilets Hallways

To travel through the building To travel from floor to floor

Post Occupancy Survey What Works: When analyzing BOK one of the most important things to note is the structure where BOK is housed. The former school has been reused and reprogramed to fit the new owner’s needs. Taking an old structure and reusing the exciting program for something new is showcasing a sustainable practice of revitalization. It’s not just the structure of the building being reused but even the contents inside. Taking old seating, cabinets, chalkboards, desks and incorporating them back into usable spaces for tenants and for the public. The integration of new services to the community benefits all by providing new jobs and social opportunities for everyone in the neighborhood. In addition to the rehabilitation of a structure, BOK is also successful with pulling together a variety of different design occupations under one roof. This opportunity opens up

the community to a vast array of different people and talents.

This allows for the community to be exposed to different views and culture which will help the surrounding community grow and prosper

What Doesn’t: While reusing an exciting structure is great for the environment there has come some challenges with it and can be present in the space. The structure is over seventy years old and has many outdated features. The structure has weathered through time and needs some minor repairs. The outdated lighting creates an eerily feeling throughout the whole building. The location is ideal for benefiting the community, but the lack of parking can affect the overall outcome of the success of BOK. Many members of the public and employees

of the spaces provided have a difficult time finding parking.

The lack of parking can affect the growth of BOK. Another major issue that BOK presents is the lack of wayfinding and signage throughout the entire building. Upon arriving at BOK there are no signs saying where the entrance is or even if you’re at the correct location. After finding the entrance you enter a space that continues to have no wayfinding or signage. Viewers either have to know where they are going or have to ask a tenant of the space where to go. The lack of wayfinding and signage is an issue at BOK. With minor improvements to BOKs public spaces by adding signage to direct where viewers can go will help the overall experience at BOK and help in future growth.

Evaluation After visiting BOK and the BOK Bar I have gained an understanding of what this building and its program can benefit the future construction of my makerspace. I have to say that BOK has opened my eyes on taking an exciting building and reprograming it to be something new and modern for this century.

The building is very outdated and is due for a fresh coat of paint.

The current color palette of the building are outdated creams and blues which make me feel like the space is dirty and has not been cleaned for many days.

With a few aesthetic updates to BOK I feel like it will gain a more visually appealing atmosphere.

The addition of BOK Bar allows the building to be opened to the

public instead of just employees allowing them to see what is happening to the former school and maybe take part in the revitalization. The bar itself was very inviting and modern with a vintage flare. The roof top bar uses bright and engaging colors to keep the viewer interested in the space. Also reusing old lab stools as seating and old chalkboards as menus gives the space a historical sentimental feeling. I will take the ideas that BOK used in creating a space for tenants to sell services to the public and reusing prior conditions and incorporate these ideas into my makerspace. conditions and incorporate these ideas into my makerspace.

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Building Analysis Diagrams Public vs. Private

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Circulation

Structure

Compartmentalized

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Part Three: Supplyframe DesignLab 30 E. Del Mar Blvd.

Pasadena, CA 91105 4,900sq/ft

“The lab is not a warm-loft concept, but a design inspired by caffeine-fueled allnighters, late night coding sessions, and underground skunkworks. It’s a place designed for radical innovation.”

-Cory Grosser (Owner of Supplyframe DesignLab)

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Introduction:

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Supplyframe DesignLab is a makerspace located in Pasadena California around 30 miles outside of the major city of Los Angles. The location was purchased by Supplyframe in 2015 and after extensive renovations the new facility was open in late 2016.1 The facility is a single floor with a basement below. The facility is around 4,900sq/ft with multiple collaborative spaces and

workstations. The makerspace is open to the public in hopes og gaining future members.

Supplyframe Designlab has been growing since opening in 2016 with gaining more members and more funding for equipment.

Justification:

Supplyframe Designlab is an ultra-clean and modern take on a makerspace. The facility is a prime example of new ways of designing makerspaces. The space uses higher end materials applied in unique ways. In addition, the use of an online database to attract designers and engineers to use the facility is utilized. These ideas that Supplyframe Designlab showcases are ideal to incorporate into a makerspace. The makerspace can utilize high end materials and an online database.

s

User: The lead architect in charge of designing Supplyframe Designlab was Cory Grosser of Cory Grosser + Associates.2 Cory took charge of designing this unique space.

He wanted to focus on what the space was going to be and how it would be used. His understanding of the program allowed for him to develop a concept around the viewer and how people observed and see the future.3 He wanted to create a space that wasn’t hidden to anyone by incorporating large picture windows throughout.

Pulling the viewer into the space allowing them to see what someone is doing. The result is that the whole space is collaborative. The members of Supplyframe Designlab are

the local design community and members of the surrounding community who want to learn how to build and create. The ages of the members can vary from early to mid-twenties to late sixties. With this in mind the space is accessible to all users allowing anyone to use the space and the provided equipment.

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Site/Context:

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Supplyframe Designlab is located outside of Los Angles in a density populated neighborhood of Pasadena California. The neighborhood consists of low and middle-class residents that don’t have close access to equipment that are provided

by Supplyframe Designlab. The makerspace was formerly an old office space for Supplyframe and wasn’t until 2015 that the company decided to renovate the building into a makerspace.4 Surrounding the makerspace are many commercial and corporate

buildings. Directly across the street from the facility is a public park. This park is utilized by the members of the makerspace for additional working space. The park can be used all year long due to the climate Los Angles is in with a consistent temperature pattern of warm air. The location has an abundant amount of street parking and parking garages for members to use. Members also have easy access to public transportation that surrounds the makerspace. A few miles out the of neighborhood is the start

Style: of residential housing. This in effect left the facility unreachable to local neighbors and can leave people out of the loop of what the facility does and provides to the community.5

The style of Supplyframe Designlab can be defined as industrial. Both the interior and exterior work with each other equally. Both incorporate the same materials and colors inside and out. The use of bricks is utilized on the exterior and are integrated throughout the interior of building. The interior also utilizes structural components of the building with exposed beams, columns, and bow-arched ceilings.6 The beams are left naturally with a cherry a stain.

The beams become a standout

and a main component of the space. Walls are left exposed to highlight the original brick work while other interior walls are painted with magnetized blackboard paint. To allow members to organiz ideas and to inform members about future events.

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Concept & Style Organization: Supplyframe Designlab is a simple layout with the entrance of the facility being the main gathering space for the public by incorporating a gallery to display members pieces.7 Beyond the entrance are the private spaces accessible to members only. The facility consists of two entrances. The front entrance is for the general public while the back entrance can only be used by members and employees.

The park that is located directly in front of the makerspace can be taken into consideration as

part of the facility due to the frequent use by members and the community.8 The private spaces consist of four main areas.

A multi-purpose space is the largest of the four and is used by all members as a gathering and meeting point before continuing or beginning a project. The docking space is located in the rear and is used by members who need to ship and receive large packages. The model shop is for members to build prototypes for projects. The kitchen space is the final area that allows

employees and members to gather and discuss projects and solutions to problems. The makerspace is full of individual working stations and rooms that members can go to work.

Circulation: The circulation of Supplyframe Designlab is simple with only two entrances into the lab. Both entrances connect the entire lab with a single path through the space, but also creating a “U� shape path connecting all the rooms. In addition the hallways are built larger to allow projects and people to move freely throughout the space. The space itself has minimum wayfinding with few signs and safety indicators. The space is very open and has little to no walls and most of the space is divided by glass partitions.

Construction: Supplyframe Designlab was created when Supplyframe, a premier tech company in Pasadena, acquired Hackaday.9 With an online community of over six million engineers sharing creative and innovative ideas on a day to day basis.10 The incorporation of this new website to Supplyframe allowed for a proposal to create the Supplyframe Designlab to bring the online world of engineers and designers and build a facility to house them. Thus, the makerspace was born. The

facility brings together the digital community with a physical location to meet with the online community. The facility itself is located in an old factory in a small town. The factory was repurposed as an office and was later sold to Supplyframe. They then gutted the space with the help of Cory Grosser and his team to restore the historical factory back to its original state. Today the Supplyframe Designlab stands as a precedent to other up and coming makerspaces in the area.

Showcasing the beauty that can be achieved in a makerspace.

Sustainability: The building itself has no sustainable aspects to its design. The age of the building is the reason why there are no sustainable features incorporated into the structure. Major structural changes could not be made do to the building being listed as historical site.

Nothing on the outside façade can be changed only interior components of the space. The most sustainable aspect of the actual building is using what is already provided and not gutting the interior to create

new program instead utilizing the original plan. The facility does take part in purchasing clean energy from green sources like wind power and solar. They do participate in providing clean filtered air back into the environment. They also encourage members to reuse materials and to donate materials that weren’t used. Also providing recycling receptacles in every room to encourage members to recycle.

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The equipment in the makerspace consist of 3D printers, bandsaws, welders, CNC router, and a laser printer.

Design

Accessories: :

Lighting:

FFE:

Supplyframe Designlab incorporates a balance between both artificial light and natural lighting in its facility. The makerspace utilizes the original windows to light the space during the day and offers a variety of different LED lamps at night.

Each room is motion activated to conserve energy. The lighting acts as architectural element in the space by incorporating linear patterns into the design, giving interest to the ceiling. The use of accent lighting on the preexisting beams highlights the historical and traditional aspect of the space.

Supplyframe Designlab provides a minimum amount of furniture throughout the entire space. The most frequently used furniture piece are workstations with task lighting. The Designlab uses custom workstations throughout the building with height adjustable table tops and adjustable seating. The public spaces in the makerspace uses light and easy to move furniture to make it easier to clear out a space for special events. The wide hallways allow for easy transportation of equipment and circulation through the space.

The artwork throughout the Supplyframe Designlab was created from current and past members. Many pieces can be used for examples for other members while some might show what not to do. Most of the artwork is displayed in the entrance and the gallery of the makerspace. Most are featured in display cases while other pieces are located on walls. Allowing members to display their work promotes the makerspace they work out of. Exposes the members to potential buyers and investors. The artwork brings a positive and creative attitude to the makerspace and allows for the expansion.

Color: The colors that were chosen for Supplyframe Designlab allows for a very clean and modern atmosphere. The architects choose to use a dominate color scheme. By using black as the dominate color while yellow was the accent color used throughout the space. The very simple color palette is balanced out by the incorporation of the browns from the flooring and overhead beams creating a warm and inviting space for members to build. The accent color of yellow was used to bring creativity into the facility.

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Materials: The materials used in Supplyframe Designlab are all appropriate to the function of the overall design. The floors consist of polished concrete in the open spaces while in the conference rooms and kitchen space use light hardwood floors.

The walls are painted with low VOC and scuff resistant paint to protect from minor bumps and scratches. Some walls are painted with magnetized blackboard paint to allow for creativity to all members. The space has many hard surfaces and can be at times loud due to the lack of soft materials. The workstations and hallways consist of mutable easy to clean surfaces for a 88

healthy work environment. Within the workshops and conference rooms the architect used the same hardwood flooring material on the floor on the ceiling to add additional character to the makerspace.

Space

Appox. S.F.

Adjacencies

Function

Entry/Gallery

500 sq.ft.

Hallway/ Toilets

Entrance to the building

Docking

1,000 sq.ft.

Model Shop

Loading and unloading good

1,000 sq.ft.

Docking/ Powertable

To build models

300 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Entry

Private Spaces

450 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Docking/ Multi

Prepare food and snacks

Powertable/ Kitchen

Place to work on projects

Model Shop Toilets Powertable/ Kitchen Multi-Purpose Assembly Lazor Lab

1,500 sq.ft.

150 sq.ft.

Multi-Purpose/ A place to laser Hallway cut products

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Evaluation After researching the Supplyframe Designlab of California. I have learned that you can incorporate aspects of in person building and an online database of designers and engineers to help you with solutions to your projects. The space itself is very simple and clean to allow members to create projects to fill the space. I feel the use of a accent color of yellow brings a hidden excitement to the space without over powering the overall facility. I think that the viewer will utilize the space to create new and interesting inventions. The clean lines of the facility keeps the space feeling new and modern with utilizing installing materials in different ways. When I first learned about Supplyframe Designlab I saw how they used the same hardwood flooring on the ceilings in the workshops and conference

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and conference room. I feel this added touch makes the space feel very new and high-end. Also brings a very creative atmosphere to the overall space allowing for members to be creative. The use of lighting throughout the makerspace allows for a unique interest to the ceiling around the whole facility and I feel like it brings the right amount of light to members. Overall, I feel that this makerspace and the way it uses high-end materials and clean and simple lines to create a very appealing atmosphere for members. I will take the ideas that Supplyframe Designlab used in creating a space for tenants to sell services to the public and reusing prior conditions and incorporate these ideas into my makerspace.

Building Analysis Diagrams Public vs. Private

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Circulation

Structure

Compartmentalized

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Part Four: MIT Beaver Works 300 Tech Square, 300, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 4875.0sq/ft

“Together we can invent, together we can make, together we can change the world one invention at a time �

-Robert Shin

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multiple collaborative spaces and workstations. The makerspace is open to all MIT students in hopes of creating future inventions and products.

Justification: Introduction:

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MIT Beaver Works is a makerspace and office located in Cambridge Massachusetts in central Boston. The site was purchased

by Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2012 and after renovations the new facility was open in 2013 to students and local businesses. The facility is located on the sixth floor and includes a large office facility and a state of the art makerspace. The facility is around 4,875sq/ft with

MIT Beaver Works is an interactive and modern take on a makerspace coworking office.

The facility is an example of incorporating both a professional office setting with a makerspace.

The facility wants members to interact with each other to create new products and inventions.

Providing private and public spaces for anyone to find somewhere to work. The space uses higher end materials applied in unique ways. In addition, the facility encourages students of Massachusetts Institute of

Technology to use the workshop to create and build. These ideas that MIT Beaver Works showcases are ideal to incorporate into a makerspace. The makerspace can utilize high end materials throughout the facility and incorporating a coworking space within the makerspace to

User: The users of MIT Beaver Works are the Massachusetts Institute of Technology students, professors, and administration.

Allowing for all members of the MIT community to build and invent. The facility is also open to members of the community interested in building or who just needs a space to create. The ages of the members can vary from early to mid-twenties to

late sixties. With this in mind the space is accessible to all users allowing for anyone to use the space and to use the provided equipment.

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Site/Context:

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MIT Beaver Works is located in central Boston in a density populated neighborhood of Cambridge Massachusetts. The name was given to the town in honor of the University of Cambridge in England.1 Two prestige colleges are located in Cambridge, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology where Beaver Works is located. MIT Beaver Works is located in an office building right off main campus.

The surrounding neighborhood consists of college students

that attend the local colleges and young professionals. In the immediate area of MIT Beaver Works are multiple office/ corporate buildings complexes with incorporated parking garages. The building itself is a ten-floor office building with Beaver Works occupying the sixth floor. The office itself has undergone a renovation in the early 2000’s and Massachusetts Institute of Technology rented out the sixth floor in 2012 and opened the makerspace in 2013 for the spring semester.2 In

Style: In addition to the surrounding offices there are local restaurants and parks where employees can go for lunch and after work activities. Boston is a temperate climate which the summers are short and hot with winters being long and cold with temperatures reaching below 26.6 degrees.

The style of MIT Beaver Works can be defined as modern industrial.

The interior and exterior work against each other with the outside faรงade being a flat box with no ornamentation while the interior has an exposed and industrial feel. Nothing from the outside faรงade is used on the interior of Beaver Works. The interior also utilizes structural components of the building with exposed beams and columns.

The beams and ceiling are not left natural, but instead painted a matte gray. The beams

become an extra detail in the space allowing the room too speck without being to over powering. The idea of taking and empty office floor and adding an interactive office space to a corporate structure is innovated.

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Concept & Style Organization: MIT Beaver Works layout is like most standard office buildings having a central core that houses the elevator, fire stairs and the bathrooms for each floor. When entering Beaver Works the entry is slanted in and forces you to enter the space. You enter into an open concept plan with multiple areas for social interaction. The largest and one of the most public is the entry to the lounge and cafĂŠ space. It features a fully equipped kitchen with abundant amount of counterspace with plenty of bar and lounge seating throughout.

and lounge seating throughout.

Within the central core of the office are integrative workstations and small collaborative meeting spaces for employees and students to work with each other.

At either ends of the office are the private spaces which include the conference rooms and private offices. The private sections of the office are separate from the public areas and are hidden from the viewers. Outside the office on the same floor is the makerspace. The makerspace is separate from the office to keep

the noise and dust under control and to keep a healthy working environment. The makerspace is full of individual work stations and rooms that members can go to work on prototypes or projects.

Circulation: The circulation of MIT Beaver Works is elaborate with multiple entrances into the building and the office. After entering the building and traveling up the elevators students and clients have the option of choosing from two entrances. The main entrance takes the viewer into the lounge and kitchen space while the second entrance towards the right allows for students and employees to enter without disturbing people who are working. The two different entrances allow viewers and

clients to choose where to enter taking inconsideration the other members of the office. The circulation of the office is simple with one datum line down the center of the space dividing each space. The office is built to be open to everyone who is in it. Wayfinding can be found everywhere from stripes being painted on the floors to large signs indicating the purpose of each room or tool.

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Construction: MIT Beaver Works was created when Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborative with their engineering department.

The school wanted to create a more interactive space for their students. They rented a whole floor in a nearby office complex to create a space for students to build. The school took a year to design this new interactive hub for building. Robert Shin is the Director of the MIT Beaver Works Center and manages the facility. He is an advocator for interactive learning and strongly

supports the decision for the school to open this makerspace.

His understanding of engineering and teaching has constructed an interactive work environment for students and members. Today the MIT Beaver Works stands as a precedent to other schools that you can create an iterative space for students to learn about building.

Sustainability: The building itself has no sustainable aspects to its design.

The building was built when sustainable design wasn’t a thought and is the reason why there are no sustainable features incorporated into the structure.

The facility does take part in purchasing clean energy from green sources like wind power and solar. They do participate in providing clean filtered air back into the environment. They also encourage members to reuse materials and to donate materials that weren’t used. Also providing

recycling receptacles in every room encourages members to recycle. Providing classes teaches future generations about sustainable design and methods to improve the environment.

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Accessories:

Design FFE: MIT Beaver Works provides a wide range of furniture throughout the space. The most unique and frequently used are built in benches and tables. The benches and tables are located in the lounge and kitchen area and they are made from radiatta pine plywood with a clear finish.3 The firm who designed this office wanted to provide a space where the furniture and rooms created a warm and creative space for students and employees could exchange ideas.4 The space incorporates many task seating

and movable tables to allow for members to reconfigure the space to their needs. The most functional feature are the mutable light mobile wall panels used in the conference and multipurpose space. This allows for the spaces to be divided and used for multiple purposes. The wide hallways allow for easy transportation of equipment and circulation through the space.

The equipment in the makerspace consist of 3D printers, bandsaws, welders, CNC router, and a laser printer.

The artwork throughout MIT Beaver Works was created from current and past members. Many pieces can be used for examples for other students and members to learn from while others show what not to do all become a learning tool for the makerspace.

The limited amount of artwork displayed in the office was made from past and present students of the makerspace. Most are featured in display cases while other pieces are located on walls. throughout the space. Allowing members to display their work promotes the school and the office. Exposes the member to potential buyers and investors throughout the Boston area.

The artwork brings a positive and creative attitude to the makerspace and allows for the

Color: The colors that were chosen for MIT Beaver Work allow for a very clean and modern atmosphere.

The architects choose to use a dominant color scheme. By using black as the dominant color while yellow was the accent color used throughout the space. The very simple color palette is balanced out by the incorporation of the grays from the flooring and black painted ceiling overhead creating a warm and inviting space for members to build. The accent color of yellow was used to bring creativity into the facility and to make the members want to build the next big thing.

Lighting: MIT Beaver Works incorporates a balance between both artificial light and natural lighting in its facility. The office utilizes original windows to light the space during the day and a variety of different LED lamps at night.

Each room is motion activated to conserve energy. The lighting acts as architectural elements in the space by incorporating linear patterns into the design, giving interest to the ceiling and accent pieces throughout the space. The

lighting itself becomes an accent piece by having custom geometric pendants throughout the whole office.

They bring visual interest to the ceiling and the space by size and color of the lamp while bringing a soft glow to the office.

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Materials:

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The materials used in MIT Beaver Works are all appropriate to the function of the overall design. The floors are polished concrete and are throughout the whole office and makerspace.

The walls are painted with low VOC and scuff resistant paint to protect from minor bumps and scratches. Some walls are made with magnetized dry erase whiteboards to allow for creativity to all members. The space has

many hard surfaces and can be at times loud due to the lack of soft materials. They make up for this by incorporating soft materials into lamps and acoustical wall panels. The workstations and hallways consist of multiple easy to clean surfaces for a healthy work environment. Within the workshops and conference rooms the architect used the concrete flooring but included an inset carpet pattern around the table and lounge seating. The space uses many materials in their natural state really showcasing the element of natural beauty. healthy work environment. Within the workshops and conference rooms the architect used the same hardwood flooring material on the floor on the ceiling to add additional character to the makerspace.

Space

Appox. S.F.

Adjacencies

Function

Entry/Gallery

500 sq.ft.

Hallway/ Toilets

Entrance to the building

Docking

1,000 sq.ft.

Model Shop

Loading and unloading good

1,000 sq.ft.

Docking/ Powertable

To build models

300 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Entry

Private Spaces

450 sq.ft.

Hallways/ Docking/ Multi

Prepare food and snacks

Powertable/ Kitchen

Place to work on projects

Model Shop Toilets Powertable/ Kitchen Multi-Purpose Assembly Lazor Lab

1,500 sq.ft.

150 sq.ft.

Multi-Purpose/ A place to laser Hallway cut products

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Evaluation After researching the MIT Beaver Works of Massachusetts. I have learned that you can incorporate a higher educational institute into makerspace to create a more real-world situation. The space itself is very simple and clean to allow members to create the projects to fill the space. I feel the use of an accent color of yellow brings a hidden excitement to the space without over powering the overall facility. The clean lines of the facility keep the space feeling new and modern. The addition of built in features bring a lot of exciting and interactive elements to the space. The use of lighting throughout the makerspace allows for a unique interest to the whole facility and I feel like it brings the right amount of light to members.

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Overall, the feeling that this makerspace and the way it uses high-end materials and clean and simple lines to create a very appealing atmosphere for members. Also, how it utilizes a building that is built for one purpose and changes the idea of past offices. I will take the ideas that MIT Beaver Works used in creating a space for students to learn how to build and to take what they learned in the classroom and to put it into use.

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Building Analysis Diagrams Public vs. Private

112

Circulation

Structure

Compartmentalized

113

Details:

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Time to Create: Pin Wheel

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04

Qualitative & Technical Criteria

“You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have.”

-Maya Angelou

Introduction:

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When designing a makerspace sound, sight, circulation and there are many building codes safety. All these factors need and ADA requirements to make to play a role in the proposed the facility safe for the public. makerspace to create a functional The age range and physical facility. capability can vary day to day.

Taking into consideration the variety of patrons many elements of design have to be implemented into the space including but not limited to ergonomics, lighting,

Interior Considerations: Interiors of makerspaces vary based on the equipment and programs provided at the facility.

In general, most makerspaces consist of a woodshop and metal shop. Within these spaces are a variety of different machinery and equipment that have specific safety precautions to implements.

A few main machines to take into consideration include tool

grinders, metal band saws, floor shear, tube benders, pyramid rolls, table saws, etc. With many of these tools come safety guidelines around how to use the machine. Tool grinders are used to grind and cut down metal and have a minimum of 60 inches wide to 28 inches deep safety zone around the tool preferable located along a wall.1 A horizontal metal band saw used for cutting

materials needs a minimum of 78”x 84” around a 20”x 48” saw with a 6 to 8 foot safety zone around the saw itself.2 For a tube bender, pyramid rolls and iron worker the optimum safety zone should be 6 foot radius (260 degrees) around the machine to ensure a safe zone for bending large pieces of metal.3 Drill press and Milling machines need a minimum of 60” wide and 78” deep safety zone with the ability to be placed behind another tool due to its blind side.4 One the most used and biggest items in a woodshop is a table saw.

The optimum safety zone size around is 144” wide and 288” 123

long allowing for a cross cutting a 12-foot board with still allowing room for a possible kickback.5 A planer is used for making wood or metal smooth and requires a 3 feet wide and 12 feet long safety zone.6 A radial arm saw used for cutting long pieces of lumber needs 24 feet long and 4 feet side to allow for a sufficient size for the operator to have a firm footing.7 A jointer is used for inlay cutting and needs a minimum 24 feet long and a 42� wide safety zone along the machine and can be placed along the backside of another tool.8 A belt and disc sander need a 4 feet side by 12 feet long safety zone

having the dust collector being placed behind the system.9 Lastly a wood band saw used to cut smaller pieces of wood should have a minimum of 4 feet wide by 12 feet long safety zone around the machine.10 With the addition to safety zones around each tool the furniture that either holds the tool or projects has to be able to support the load of the machine.

This being said the table should

be large with four legs with no castors to ensure safety. Not all tables in the labs have to be nonmobile. Workstations inside the labs can have casters to ensure easy movement while also having height adjustable features.

Furniture throughout the facility should be light and easy to move to allow for members to change layouts for either more worksurface or for public events.

Lighting:

Ergonomics: When creating a space for anyone to be able to access one needs to take into consideration the needs of the different patrons from the disabled to elderly. With this in mind all the furniture pieces will have integrated ergonomic aspects to keep the user comfortable and able to focus on the task at hand. Aspects of ergonomic design are a variety of

seating and tables that are height adjustable and adjustments to conform to the user’s needs.

Having the proper height for all equipment and being able to adjust to the needs allows for a safe environment and the well being of the patrons.

Makerspaces utilize a variety of different lighting strategies to ensure safety and work efficiency.

The balance between artificial and natural lighting can vary in makerspaces, but this only depends on how designers manipulate lighting within the space. Natural lighting in a makerspace can bring calming and even lighting to build. While artificial can help with having more of direct lighting sources to help a member to see details.

Experts have said a typical workshop should have an evenly

lit space of 50 to 100 footcandles depending on the age of those using the space,11 50fc for members 25 and younger and 100fc for older members.12 This amount of lighting allows for all members to build comfortably. It is important to keep workshops well-lit to ensure safe use of machinery and of dangerous equipment. Considering the height in which the lighting is hung from the viewer while working at a workstation.

Ambient lighting should be used for overall lighting while individual task lighting will be used when needed.

: e t a Cre Sustainable Design: While researching sustainable design methods and practices it was shown that makerspaces utilize a large amount of electricity and a large amount of material waste. The proposed makerspace will ensure a lower energy consumption by incorporating natural sunlight through windows and skylights to minimizes the use of lights during the day. Also installing

onsite solar panels to either the roof or site to absorb sunlight to power the facility. Members will be encouraged to recycle materials that were either leftovers or never used to reduce the amount of trashing ending up in landfills. Providing recycling containers throughout the facility to recycle plastic bottles and other recyclable goods.

Throughout the demolition phase of construction all debris will be sorted and sent to their corresponding recycling centers to be reused. Both LEED and WELL

Acoustic Control: accreditation will be taken into consideration to create a safe and environmentally friendly facility for all members. Incorporating deciduous plant life around the building to cool the interior during the summer and warm the facility during the winter.

Incorporating many sustainable methods into the proposed makerspace will set a stander and inspire members to create new sustainable ideas.

Makerspaces produce a large amount of sound output. Sounds can accumulate from saws cutting plywood to members hammering projects together. The buildup of sounds can make a makerspace feel over whelming and uninviting. To fix this problem the propose makerspace will incorporate the principles of ABC acoustics. By absorbing sound by using products to absorb sound energy that hits them to reduce unwanted sound energy from hard surfaces such as glass and concrete.13 This can be achieved by using fabric wrapped panels

throughout the facility to absorb and blocking sound from travelling to other spaces. The introduction of vertical barriers between the noise source and listener that blocks sound travelling from one to the other.

The higher the barrier, the more effective the result.14 Creating sound proofed partitions allows for blocking and preventing sound from traveling. Covering unwanted sounds with computer generated random sound that covers or masks unwanted noise and makes conversation and noise more difficult to hear and comprehend.15 Including soft music throughout the 127

Visual Control: makerspace to distract the viewer from background sounds.

Incorporating ABC principles to the propose makerspace will create a quiet and calming environment for members to focus and work on their projects.

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Incorporating visual control into a makerspace can benefit members and future members of the facility. Creating viewing areas outside of each workshop to allow guests to see what’s happening without entering the workshop.

These viewing areas can consist of glass wall partitions that allow for easy sightlines for anyone in the space. Having these viewing areas allows employees to give tours of the facility with potentials clients to allow them to observe workshops to see if they want to enroll in a membership.

Controlling these spaces and creating a balance between what the public can see and cannot will be based on the proposed program. Keeping a wall between the hall and workshop will create a safety barrier to stop curious kids from wondering off.

Wayfinding & Signage: Wayfinding methods in the propose makerspace is critical to the safety and wellbeing of every member in the facility. The proposed makerspace will be stretched among several floors of one building, circulating viewers throughout the space is important. Indicating paths through the space to allow for easy transitioning from each floor. Using a bold pattern with a bright color highlights the importance and draws the viewers eye. Creating a smooth and simple path throughout the makerspace will allow for easy

moment through workshops and lounges in the facility. The signage in a makerspace is very important to safety. Having clear labeled signs on equipment and entrances to spaces inform members on how to correctly use equipment and given space. The signage within the makerspace needs to be at a correct height to allow for all members to view it.

For room signage the minimum height the sign can be at is 45” and the maximum is 60” from the floor.16 Along with being at the correct height the sign itself should have a bold font with

braille written below for patrons who are blind. For overhead signage the physical sign cannot hang below 80” from the floor while signs that project from the wall cannot protrude over 4” from the wall with a minimum of 27” from an entrance.17 Having the signage at the correct height ensures that all guest and members will be safe circulation throughout the facility 129

Security: The security and safety of all patrons in the proposed makerspace is of first priority for the designer. Having access to equipment that can cause harm if is placed in the wrong hands has to be secured in a manner that is not uninviting. Facilities include a card reader system to only allow members and employees into the building. Workshops and labs also include card scanners to ensure member safety while using the facility. Within the workshops there needs to be a standard of safety practices.

Keeping a define separation

between what is consider “clean” and “dirty” spaces. Clean spaces meaning spaces that have little to no use of chemicals or machinery that creates dust or debris.18 Dirty spaces are consider spaces that use chemicals and heavy machinery because they have the proper ventilation systems to keep the room safe for individuals.19 The simple and most crucial safety precaution is providing the correct safety training to all members and staff.

This will ensure all members know how to use equipment correctly, locate first aid, and

to act if there is an emergency.

Incorporating safe zones throughout the facility to inform the members when and when it is not safe. This can be as simple as a painted line on the ground indicating your located in a safe zone. These safe zones allow for members to work without having protective gear on like safety glasses or gloves. Employees of the facility have to be trained to enforces theses safety guidelines to ensure an overall safe environment for members.

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Time to Create:

Paper Lanterns

05

Topical Explorations

“Nothing builds self-esteem and self-confidence like accomplishment�

-Thomas Carlyle

Human Centered Design Introduction:

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When designing the perfect makerspace there are actions that should be implemented to improve the overall life of the members of the facility.

Incorporating the understanding of how members interact with each other while providing a space that is accessible to nature and natural lighting, should all be taken into consideration to

to understand the overall feeling the members should be experiencing in the proposed makerspace.

Design Values: The needs and values of a makerspace heavily revolves around creating a interjected yet practical space that allows for creativity. The main demographic group the proposed makerspace targets are young professionals, older adults and the occasional child who are all wanting a space to build and create. The ages usually can range from 5 to 65

years old. With a variety of age groups under one roof makes for the proposed makerspace needing to accommodate to all of their needs.

Starting with the needs of the children, children need to have a space where they have access to reach and operate tools. Allowing children to build creates a space where children can interact with each other to allow for

observations of each other habits.

Having children interacting with each other allows for social development which allows for children to gain important communicative skills for the future.1 Incorporating a space for children within a makerspace will benefit the future development allowing for future designers and builders to immerge. The space should be inviting and interactive allowing for all children to work with each other. The space should provide easy access to sinks and hand sanitizer stations to insure for easy clean ups and sanitation. Having a system in place to ensure the safety of the

children by creating accesses points. Creating a shelving system that organizes the levels of danger by placing pencils and crayons on lower shelfs while having scissors and paints higher up on the shelves. This ensures that the children have to have help from an adult to reach the item making the adult aware of what the child is using and keeping an eye on them. The room should be sound proof to ensure for a quite workspace outside of the room to provide a less distracting atmosphere for other members.

For young professionals and older adults, the space needs

to provide a variety of different workstations. People have different habits from needing to read in a quite space to listening to music while writing a paper.

Peoples needs vary from person to person makerspace needs to incorporate a variety of different areas for people to build and work. Providing workstations that are separate from large group’s workstations insures

people who want to work by themselves. This can also apply to adults who work under very organized conditions unlike others who might be consider messy while creating. These separate workstations will allow for members a place to do work without being bothered or interrupted by other members.

While having private workstations is important for people to

concentrate, having group workstation inspires members to interact with each other to find solutions to problems or inspiration for future projects.

The group workstations should incorporate individual desks that have dividers that make the space private but also prevents other members work from taking over your space. Another need that should be taken

into consideration is parking.

Providing onsite parking ensures members a space to unload and load materials and projects.

This gives a peace of mind to members and making it not a burden to travel to the site.

Providing a clean and functional space allows for a creative and interactive work environment for all members.

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Nature vs. Built: Creating a makerspace that incorporates both nature and the built environment can be tricky due to factors of location and site, but it can be done.

Providing workstations that are located near or around windows allows people to take a break and stare out a window. Allowing for one to stare out a window allows to self-reflect in what they are doing and to relax the mind to continue working. The view doesn’t have to be desirable, but just a view that allows to observe things happening.

: e t a Cre Creating an outdoor workstations or areas for members to escape the loud machinery and dusty indoors is even more desirable. Members immersing themselves into nature. Allows for members to enjoy weather and the fresh air while also bringing additional inspiration.

Incorporating operable windows to allow for members to bring fresh air into the workspace is a simple and cost-effective way of bringing nature in. All of

these factors have a common theme of biophilia. Biophilia is a human tendency to interact or to be immersed with forms of life in nature. Incorporating biophilia design throughout the makerspace will create a relaxing and stress-free environment for members to create new products and inventions.

Social Interaction: Social interaction is one of the most crucial aspects of a makerspace. Providing an atmosphere that promotes interaction is important to the growth of the facility. Creating spaces where members can meet with other members to discuss projects or to just discuss what happened last weekend. It is important that this space is available to all members the facility. Specifying furniture that allows for easy interaction for example having collaborative seating options from sectionals to multiple chairs grouped

together. Hosting member only events throughout the year to bring all members together allowing for members to meet other members they might not see when they are working.

This interaction allows for a community feeling in the facility and makes members feel welcomed in. Most importantly providing events that are open to the public to brining in people that might not know what a makerspace is and to expose them to what they provide to the community in hopes of gaining new members.

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Light and Color Lighting Strategies: Utilizing artificial and natural light in a working environment can enhance production while promoting healthy habits.

Humans naturally seek spaces that are naturally lit and tend to enjoy spending time in sunlight. There are many benefits to spending time in natural sunlight. It can help with reducing depression and suicidal thoughts in teens and adults.5 The exposure of natural light can help the human body by gaining vitamin D which helps regulate your immune system, body weight, asthma symptoms,

and importantly maintaining the efficiency of the human brain.6 Boosting one’s body’s vitamin D can help the body fight off diseases and disorders such as autism, cancer, diabetes, and chronic pain allowing for humans to live longer and happier lives.7 While natural light provides astounding health benefits for the users, it also helps in production.

Exposing users to natural sunlight allows for happier, calmer, healthier and enhances people’s moods allowing users to produce better work. A study done by researchers at the Swiss

Federal Institute of Technology found that employees working in environments with natural light recorded higher levels of energy than those in artificiallylit workspaces.8 With this in mind the makerspace will incorporate as much natural sunlight as possible in hopes of creating an environment where users can focus on projects and gain inspiration for future ideas.

Artificial light although not the most beneficial to the human body does provide lighting into spaces where natural sunlight may not reach. Utilizing artificial

light in small doses allows for the user to be productive without being overwhelmed with hot spots and eye straining glares.

Artificial lighting in a makerspace is utilized on workstations as task lighting allowing the user to choose when to use additional lighting and to control the amount of light. This gives the user control on how much artificial light they need. Each lamp will consist of LED bulbs to ensure sustainable practice by reducing energy usage and heat radiation throughout the makerspace. Each bulb will

radiate a soft white light to help with focusing and most importantly allowing the viewer to see what he or she are doing.

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Color Psychology: Color can have a strong effect on peoples moods, feelings and productivity. Utilizing color in spaces can bring interest and excitement to the users allowing humans to create or focus based on the mood of the space. The use of color can bring interest but has to be utilized carefully to ensure that the human senses are not overwhelmed. Certain colors have certain meanings behind them. Red signifies fire and blood and can be associated with energy, war, danger, strength, and love.9 Red makes the viewer feel aware of their

surroundings by how intense the color can be. This is why stop signs and traffic lights are red, to bring awareness and caution to the users. Yellow is the color of sunshine and is associated with happiness, intellect, and energy.10 Yellow produces a warming effect that arouses cheerfulness and stimulates mental activity. Also, is the least utilized color in design due to the fact that no one wants to buy yellow products or to be in an entire space painted yellow because of how bright the color be. Blue signifies the sky and sea often associated with depth

and stability and symbolizes trust, wisdom, confidence, and truth.11 Blue benefits the mind and body by slowing metabolism and producing a calming effect on humans and is utilized in promoting products and services related to cleanliness.12 Green is associated with nature and symbolizes growth, harmony, and freshness to humans.13 Green provides healing powers to users by creating a feeling of restfulness to the human eye also creating a positive awareness to allowing users to proceed or except an idea. Orange

represents enthusiasm, creativity, encouragement, and stimulation to the surrounding users and combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow.14 Orange produces an invigorating effect on users while also stimulating mental activity allowing for users to become creative and interactive.

When creating the proposed makerspace, it is important to utilize color throughout the facility to provoke all senses.

Using warm tones like yellow, red, and orange to bring awareness to items that maybe

dangerous to the health of the user. Example being red warning signs around dangerous machinery to express a caution in safety. Utilizing yellow as a wayfinding tool for pathways and signage to provide the users with awareness to potentially dangerous rooms. Orange can be used in collaborative spaces to energize creative juices in users for creating the next big idea. Cool tones like blue and green can bring a more relaxing environment to the makerspace.

Blue can be used in private workrooms to bring a calming

and relaxing atmosphere to users while they are building.

While green can be utilized in classrooms and lecture spaces to bring a feeling of growth and harmony to the user. Utilizing color throughout the makerspace allows for an exciting and interactive work environment.

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Working With Your Hands:

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Makerspaces are created to promote the use of the creative side of the human’s brain.

The human brain holds 100 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections that control your body function. The left side of the brain primary focuses on logic and facts while the right side of the brain focuses on creativity and imagination. The right side of the brain brings to life human’s imagination and thoughts to create a way in achieving a final product. The brain isn’t the most important tool to a human but instead the hands.

The human hands control the way humans use and feel objects, but most importantly how they create. Using your hands benefits humans physically and mentally.

Building things by hand helps the mind prosper and grow allowing for the humans to develop intellectually. Humans started creating things by hand before technology took over. When someone wanted something that wasn’t available to them they had to make it themselves.

Forcing humans to use their minds to create objects by hand makes them think about what

they our making and how it’s made. If humans work physically everday with their hands they would improve their overall body circulation in return helping the body’s overall function. Building with your hands makes people feel a sense of purpose. Creating something by hand allows the user to have a physical outcome or proof to what they accomplish.

This allows for humans to gain satisfaction from building.

Finishing a project that may have taken three years still has the same satisfaction as a project that might have only taken two

days to complete. The fact is finishing a project gives humans happiness and by using your own hands to build something that you thought of allows for self-pride. Allowing humans to use their hands to build items improves one’s mental health by reducing anxiety and depression.

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Time to Create: Terrarium

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Existing Site, Context Climate & Zoning

The city of brotherly love!

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Introduction:

Justification:

When choosing a location for the proposed makerspace, there are many elements that have to be considered. By studying the existing site, zoning maps, and climate allows for an overall understanding of the site.

The information gained will give insight to the section of Manayunk Pennsylvania as the proposed site.

After research and analyzation was done on the neighborhood of Manayunk the site was fully understood and justified for the proposed makerspace. The site is located outside the of the city center in a densely populated town with row homes and limited parking. The selected site has onsite parking and is centrally located in the neighborhood allowing for easy access for all residences in the surrounding community.

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Philadelphia Demographics:

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As of 2018, the population of Philadelphia is estimated at 1,569,680 million citizens with an average 0.54% growth each year.1 The majority of the population being 52.70% female and 47.30% male.2 The largest age group in Philadelphia is between the ages of 23-44 with 28.5% of the population and the lowest age bracket being 65 and older making up 12.1% of the population.3 The average age for the local citizens is 33 years.4 With this in mind the proposed makerspace needs to focus on the needs of the age groups in the surrounding area.

The city is well diverse with

the majority of the population being African American and White. With 668,573 citizens being African American, 42.9% of the population and 643,570 citizens being White, 41.3% of the population while the other 15.8% of the population being Hispanic, Asian, or other.5 Most of the population’s ancestry lines lead back to Europe. The largest ancestry groups in Philadelphia being from an Irish descendant making up 13.9% of the population and not far behind are Italian descendants with 9.2% of the population.6 Overall Philadelphia makes up a very dynamic cultural footprint that

welcomes diversity throughout its many neighborhoods.

The overall socio-economic conditions of Philadelphia’s population sits well below the United States average. The average earnings for a single resident is $34,137 with a male average earnings being $5,000 higher than their female coworker.7 The race most likely to be in poverty in Philadelphia is native citizens, with 42.38% below the poverty level. The least likely to be in poverty in Philadelphia is white citizens, with 14.5% below the poverty line.8

Philadelphia has multiple opportunities for citizens to experience unique sides of the city through different neighborhood culture. From visiting the Italian market on 9th street or visiting Chinatown between North Broad and 7th street. The city has many different cultures and ways people live in their community’s.

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Climate: Philadelphia is located in temperate climate zone and experiences all seasons and weather patterns. The average temperature throughout the year hovers around 55.85 degrees.

During the summer months of June, July, and August the average temperature can soar up to 85 degrees while in the winter months of December, January, and February the temperature can reach a low of 40 degrees.9 The average rainfall in Philadelphia can reach 41.45 inches per year and an average

: e t a Cre Style:

snowfall of 23 inches. The overall climate of Philadelphia can vary each year based on the changing weather patterns and raising temperatures.

The style of Philadelphia is well diverse with a variety of different architectural elements. From traditional style of colonial with brick stone facades and wood shutters to today’s modern skyscrapers. The landscape of Philadelphia is ever changing and growing day by day. There is no set architectural style in Philadelphia due to the everchanging culture of the citizens.

Influence: Philadelphia is a city full of diversity through the people and building style. The understanding of the overall demographics and economic standings leaves an overall understanding of the needs of the people. After evaluating the needs of the people and the demand of the city one can see the need of the propose makerspace. Knowing that the proposed makerspace will focus on middle-class citizens it will not be limited to just them. The proposed space will address the variety of different

demographics in Philadelphia by incorporating different programs and reduce rates to allow for all citizens to access the facility. The facility will utilize the youthful and energetic generation that makes of the majority of the population to create an inviting and dynamic workspace.

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Manayunk Description: The proposed makerspace site is located in a small neighborhood right outside the city center of Philadelphia. Manayunk is located in the lower northwest section of Philadelphia with over 5,913 residents in its density populated town.10 The neighborhood consists of multilevel row homes and a few scattered apartment complexes. Manayunk has had a population jump gaining more residents each year. In addition to permanent residents Manayunk has a gain in rental property’s due to the towns proximity to local colleges. The

Features: town geographically is built on a cliff and consists of multiple steep inclines for both cars and pedestrians to travel up. At the bottom of the cliff rest the Schuylkill river which creates a natural barrier between Manayunk and West Laurel Hill. Along the river is Main Street which consist of multiple shops and restaurants for visitors to utilize. The chosen site for the proposed makerspace is currently the location of an apartment complex called The Lofts at Chimney Hill.

The town of Manayunk has many unique features throughout the entire town that creates a very interactive community. A few features that Manayunk has to offer are local parks and walking trails scattered around the whole town. Which allows for residents to be active and interact with each other in nature. Having access to sidewalks and bike paths allows members of the community the opportunity to travel from one point of Manayunk to another.

The ability for residents to walk to the makerspace allows for easy access to the facility,

Influence: making it easier for members join the facility.

With the addition of the proposed makerspace to the neighborhood will embrace the architectural style of Manayunk by taking the existing faรงade and leaving it the same but doing some minor repairs to the structure.

Also, allowing people to feel welcome to access the facility.

To accomplish this the designer will need to create a welcoming exterior through landscaping and outdoor seating. Bringing in the people of Manayunk will allow the facility to grow throughout the years the makerspace is operating.

Zoning: The current zoning for the Lofts at Chimney Hill is residential with the majority of the surrounding structures being residential as well. The current site has the opportunity to change from residential to commercial with the ability to utilize the current parking garage as additional parking for all members or the proposed makerspace.

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Site Analysis Traffic: The proposed site is located on a heavily used road in Manayunk.

Leverington Avenue is one of many vital roads that travels from Main Street Manayunk all the way up to Ridge Avenue. The street consists of two-way traffic and is open to all traffic and limited on street parking based on the width of the road, but outside of the proposed sight there is none. Traffic density can change throughout the day. During rush hour between the hours of 7am until 10am and again around 5pm until 7pm. During this time the traffic is heavier and more

Sound: congested on Leverington Avenue and can be loud also can make it difficult for clients to get to the site.

The location of the proposed makerspace has many unique sounds that surrounds the site.

Sounds that might be heard from the proposed site can be car horns, pedestrians and noises from the nearby trains. All though these sounds can be a nuisance for anyone working at the facility, but these sounds can be buffered with acoustical treatments.

Overall the sounds that come from outside the site maybe frustrating to members but will be addressed when the proposed makerspace will be constructed.

Views: Depending on the location of the members, the site can have both positive and negative views. For the majority of the site are positive views. Towards the entrance of the facility are the positive views because the windows overlook the parking lot that is full of mature trees and is quieter then the side of the building that is located on Leverington Avenue. As members travel higher in the facility the Schuylkill river becomes more visible and is fully visible on the top floor. In addition to better views the facility will become

facility will become quieter due to the fact that the viewers will be higher up from street level and away from other noisy sources.

The proposed site has many positives views that overlook the negative.

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Sun And Wind:

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Natural sunlight will be a key feature in the proposed makerspace by utilizing the sunrays to light the interior facility. Taking in the natural sunrays helps bring positive attitude to any members working in the makerspace. Since the makerspace will be utilized year round both the winter and summer sun patterns will be analyzed and will utilizes as much natural sunlight as possible. While bringing in natural sunlight is important to a makerspace some spaces might not need sunlight by incorporating automated

shades that can travel with the sun rays throughout the day. The importance of shades will help members control the amount of sunlight each space will be receiving and can also control the temperature of the overall space.

The sunrays will also be utilized in powering the space through onsite solar panels.

Wind will enter the site from the east side of the building during the summer and from the west during the winter. Utilizing the winds and the direction entering the building is important in filtering out dust and debris

Desirable Features: in filtering out dust and debris from the inside of the proposed makerspace. Wind can also be used for cross ventilation to cool a space during the summer time. Since the site is located on a higher elevation it more prone to higher wind gusts and will be prevalent all year long.

The chosen site has many amenities that can benefit the members of the proposed makerspace. The most important amenity that the site provides is the onsite parking. Allowing for members to park their cars on the actual site is crucial for the overall efficiency of the facility.

Making it easier for deliveries to be made and for members to transfer their projects in and out of the facility. Other factors that make the site desirable are the proximity to public transportation. Allowing it to be easy to anyone to access the

facility whether its by bus or train the facility is located close to both. The proposed site is located near local parks and restaurants to allow for members to leave their workspace for a quick break.

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Safety Concerns: The location has a few safety concerns that need to be taken in mind when designing on the proposed site. Since the site is built on a hill there will be rain runoff and potential flooding during and after rainstorms.

Proper irrigation needs to be taken into consideration. Another thing to understand is the close proximity to the road. Having safety precautions in place to prevent children running into the street will need to be made.

Adding a fence or incorporating some sort of barrier to prevent anyone from wondering into the busy road.

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Step 1: Start by draing the outline of the beak

Step 2: Draw the top of the head

Step 6: Add some wing details and start the sketching in the claws

Step 5: Complete the lower outline of the wing

Time to Create: An Eagle 170

Step 3: Draw the lower chest and section of the wing.

Step 7: Finish the talons and add some feather details.

Step 4: Add the wing feathers and lower legs.

Step 8: Add the eyes, beak and finalize the talons with claws

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07

Program Development & Documentation

ENTRY/VESTIBULE LOBBY/WAITING RECEPTION WOODSHOP METAL SHOP PLASMA ROOM PAINT BOOTHS WET LAB OUTDOOR SPACE/PATIO CO-WORKING AREA LASER LAB KITCHEN 3D LAB SEWING ROOM COMPUTER LAB CERAMIC STUDIO PAINTING STUDIO CLASSROOM RESTROOMS MATERIAL SHOP ADMIN OFFICES

major adjacency secondary adjacency no adjacency

Adjacency Matrix 174

Program Quantitative

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Program Qualitative

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Block Planning

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Time to Create: Slime 192

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Building Analysis, Code, Regulation & Standards

Written Analysis

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Introduction:

Building:

When choosing a site for the proposed makerspace many attributes of the program and building need to be taken into consideration. The overall features of the existing building will be identified and explained through a written and visual analysis. That will explain the understanding and justification for why this particular site is ideal for the future makerspace.

Determing the needs and restrictions of a makerspace in the selected square footage given.

The Lofts at Chimney Hill are located on Leverington Avenue in Manayunk, Pennsylvania. The building was originally zoned as industrial and used as a factory.

The total footprint of the overall space is over 30,000 square feet between four floors. The oldest dated owner of the factory was Fred Pearson obtained the facility around 1912. Fred bought the factory for the production of bricks for future building projects in Manayunk and nearby Philadelphia.

After the factory closed the site was purchased and converted into a high-end apartment building.

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Concept:

Structure/Envelope:

The overall building style for the lofts at chimney Hill can be described as industrial. The open floorplan with exposed trusses, columns, and beams is a key feature to the style of the building. The building was utilized as a factory for producing bricks and needed large open spaces for equipment and the transportation of goods throughout the facility. The facility was only built for one purpose and that was to have a space that manufactures bricks for the local economy.

The structure of the Lofts at Chimney Hill consists of two buildings attached by structural beams and trusses. The larger section of the building consists of four floors and a central row of columns. This section consists of the largest square footage with the largest ceiling height of 14’. The smaller section that is adjacent to the other section only consists of three floors with two centrally located columns down the center of the space.

This section only has three floors and has a lower ceiling height of 11’. The overall structure is set below grade level on a level plain.

Leverington Avenue is at a higher

elevation than the structure which leaves the ground floor below ground. Limiting the overall natural sunlight this level can receive.

Exterior Materials: The exterior materiality of the building mostly consists of natural stone and brick. The smaller section of the building is made from natural stone with a wooden arch window outlined with a brick arch. The rest of the building is constructed from bricks. The bricks are laid out in a stacked pattern with a herringbone inlay around each window. The selected materials where either locally made or locally sourced from the surrounding region.

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Sustainability: The Lofts at Chimney Hill do not consist of any sustainable design.

The structure was not built with sustainability in mind. The only thing that can be consider sustainable is the material the building is made out of. The bricks were locally made, and the natural stone was sourced from a local quarry. In the future development of this structure the new design will implement additional sustainable features to improve the overall wellbeing of anyone who uses the facility.

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Utilization:

: e t a Cre

The Lofts at Chimney Hill will be reused and reprogramed to become a makerspace. The existing entrances and parking lot will be reused for the new design.

The columns, trusses, and beams will be used as a design feature and will be the focal point of the whole space. The exterior will have minimum change to it to keep its historical charm. The windows will be re-glazed and

reinstalled to keep the original style to the building. Each floor will be utilized as a workshop for anyone to use. The history and style of the building will enhances the overall construction of the future makerspace.

Existing Building

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Existing Building

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Code Analysis 1. Project Data: Project Name: Makerspace Address: 161 Leverington Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19127 Date of Completion of Original and Additions: Unknown Number of Stories: Four Total Gross SQ. FT: 32,843 sq.

3. Use Group Classification: -Low-hazard Factory Industrial, Group F-2 -Business Group B

4. Means of Egress:

2. Applicable Building Code Information : Zoning Ordinance: -City of Philadelphia Fire Code: -International Fire Code 2018 -Philadelphia Fire Code 2009 Building Code & Date: -International Building Code 2018

-Philadelphia Code 2010 Energy Code: -International Energy Conservation 2018 -Philadelphia Energy Conservation 2010 204

Sprinklered Dead End Limited: 20’-0” to 50’-0” Minimum Corridor Width: -Industrial: 96 Inches -Business: 44 Inches

Workshops: -Gross Square Footage: 11,500 S.F -S.F. Per Occupant: 50 Net (Shops and other vocational room) -Number of Occupants: 230

Gathering Space: -Gross Square Footage: 5,400 S.F -S.F. Per Occupant: 15 Net

(Unconcentrated: tables and chairs) -Number of Occupants: 360

Administrative: -Gross Square Footage: 3,600 S.F -S.F. Per Occupant: 100 Net

(Business Areas) -Number of Occupants: 36

Support Spaces: -Gross Square Footage: 3,000 S.F -S.F. Per Occupant: 300Net

(Accessory storage areas, mechanical equipment room) -Number of Occupants: 10 Number of Exits: 3 Exits Exit Access Travel Distance: 250’-0 with Sprinklers

5. Sanitation: Male/Female % Split: WC Male: 7 WC Female: 7 Urinals Male: 2 Lavatories Male: 5 Lavatories Female: 5 Drinking Fountains: 7 Service Sinks: 1

6. Fire Projection Requirements: -Fire Exit Enclosures: 2 Hours -Shafts and Elevator Hoistways: 2 Hours -Smoke Barriers: Assume 30 Minutes -Corridor Fire-Resistance Rating: 1 w/o or 0 with Sprinkler System Incidental Use Areas: -Furnace Room: 1 hour or automatic fire- extinguishing system -Boiler Room: 1 hour or automatic fire-

extinguishing system -Storage Room (over 100 S.F.): 1 hour or automatic fire-extinguishing system

7. Building Limitations: -Transportation/Deliveries -Filtration Systems -Trash/Recycle Removable

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Visual Analysis Daylighting:

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Division of Space:

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Structural Analysis:

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Solid vs. Void:

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Time to Create: Cake Pops

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Conclusion:

Research:

Concept:

Relevancy:

The research that was conducted on makerspaces has proven to be very helpful in understanding the overall functionality and importance of makerspaces.

Through the many case studies that were conducted one can have a greater understanding of how a makerspace works, operates and, most importantly, impacts local communities. Providing everyone with the necessary tools, facilities, and opportunities for anyone who wants to build and create to do so.

Through the conduction research for the proposed makerspace, many design concepts became prevalent and will be used in the creation of the proposed makerspace. Many of these concepts will be taken into consideration, but one in particular will be showcased: providing a facility that is accessible and functional to anyone who enters, allowing access to all who are interested in expressing their creativity with no restrictions. In addition to functionality and accessibility, providing a program that allows for unlimited ways to build through materiality and through provided equipment.

The research that was gathered throughout this course will continue to be relevant and reliable for the construction of the proposed makerspace.

Any information that was acquired regarding this project will continue to benefit any design solutions that will be made. All information that was gathered through researching makerspaces were obtained from reliable sources such as books, educational institutions and government resources.

This proposed makerspace will set a precedent for all future makerspaces that will be created allowing for future generations to be able to create, make, and build to their hearts’ contents.

Time to Create:

216

A Bow Tie

217

10

Bibliography & Appendix

Footnotes in Order: Section 1: 1. “FAQ — BOK.” Accessed August 28, 2018. http://www.buildingbok.com/faq/.

2. “School District to Redesign Arts Education with a Focus on Driving Student Success – The School District of Philadelphia.” Accessed August 28, 2018. https://www.philasd.org/blog/2017/10/17/schooldistrict-to-redesign-arts-education-with-a-focus-on-driving-student-success/.

3. “Pennsylvania SBDC - Small Biz Stats.” Accessed August 28, 2018. http://www.pasbdc.org/resources/ small-biz-stats.

4. “Pennsylvania SBDC - Small Biz Stats.” Accessed August 28, 2018. http://www.pasbdc.org/resources/ small-biz-stats.

5. “A Changing Middle Class in Philadelphia | Philadelphia Inquirer - Philly,” February 24, 2014. http:// www.philly.com/philly/news/Decline_of_the_Middle_Class_in_Philadelphia.html.

6. Ibid “Pennsylvania SBDC - Small Biz Stats.”

Section 2: 1. Spirits, Jens Korff, Creative. “Australian Aboriginal History Timeline.” Creative Spirits. Accessed September 3, 2018. https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/australian-aboriginalhistory-timeline.

2. Davidson, D. S. “Australian Throwing-Sticks, Throwing-Clubs, and Boomerangs1.” American Anthropologist 38, no. 1 (January 3, 1936): 76–100. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1936.38.1.02a00080.

3. “Mayan Pyramids.” Accessed September 3, 2018. https://www.courses.psu.edu/anth/anth008_ cmg149/pyr.html.

4. Ibid: “Mayan Pyramids” 5. Ibid: “Mayan Pyramids” 6. Ibid: “Mayan Pyramids” 7. ‘Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Creativity In Culture.” Accessed September 3, 2018. http:// history-world.org/Greece%20Creativity.htm.

Footnotes: 220

8. Strauss, Leo (1968). “Natural Law”. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Macmillan.

9. Ibid: “Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Creativity In Culture.”

10. Ibid: “Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Creativity In Culture.”

11. Catalyst, Creativity. “Creativity | Creative Problem Solving.” Accessed September 4, 2018. http:// www.creative-problem-solving.org/creativity-2/.

12. Ibid: Catalyst, Creativity. “Creativity 13. Ibid: Catalyst, Creativity. “Creativity 14. Ibid: Catalyst, Creativity. “Creativity Section 3.1: 1. Pena, Susan L. “Founder Profile: Evan Malone.” Keystone Edge (blog). Accessed September 6, 2018. https://www.keystoneedge.com/2015/12/31/founder-profile-evan-malone/ Section 3.3: 1. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates,” ArchDaily, July 25, 2017, http://www. archdaily.com/876381/supplyframe-designlab-cory-grosser-plus-associates.

2. “Leadership | Designing Experience,” accessed September 27, 2018, http://info.artcenter. edu/designingexperience/leadership/.

3. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

4. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

5. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

6. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

7. By, “Supplyframe Design Lab Opens Its Doors,” Hackaday (blog), June 23, 2016, https://hackaday.com/2016/06/23/supplyframe-design-lab-opens-its-doors/.

8. Ibid.

9. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

10. “Supplyframe DesignLab / Cory Grosser + Associates.”

11. “Ploy Santatiwat - Supplyframe | DesignLab,” accessed September 27, 2018, https://ploystudios.com/hacker-space.

221

Section 3.4: 1.“MIT Beaver Works / Merge Architects,” ArchDaily, October 1, 2014, http://www.archdaily. com/551175/mit-beaver-works-merge-architects/.

2.“MIT Beaver Works / Merge Architects.”

3.ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {“citationID”:”q9l9zpdR”,”properties”:{“formattedCitat ion”:”{\\rtf \\uc0\\u8220{}MIT Beaver Works,\\uc0\\u8221{} {\\i{}Merge Architects} (blog), April 9, 2014, http://mergearchitects.com/mit-beaver-works/.}”,”plainCitation”:”“MIT Beaver Works,” Merge Architects (blog), April 9, 2014, http://mergearchitects.com/mit-beaver-wo rks/.”},”citationItems”:[{“id”:115,”uris”:[“http://zotero.org/users/local/JvgSbN39/items/ T354RUC2”],”uri”:[“http://zotero.org/users/local/JvgSbN39/items/T354RUC2”],”itemD ata”:{“id”:115,”type”:”post-weblog”,”title”:”MIT Beaver Works”,”container-title”:”Merge Architects”,”abstract”:”MIT School of Engineering collaborated with Merge Architects to develop this multi-use research space, MIT Beaver Works, near MIT’s campus in Cambridge.”,”URL”:”http://mergearchitects.com/mit-beaver-works/”,”issued”:{“date-par ts”:[[“2014”,4,9]]},”accessed”:{“date-parts”:[[“2018”,10,8]]}}}],”schema”:”https://github. com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”} “MIT Beaver Works,” Merge Architects (blog), April 9, 2014, http://mergearchitects.com/mitbeaver-works/.

4.“MIT Beaver Works / Merge Architects.”

222

Section 4: 1. Safety Zone Around Machines, University of Minnesota 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 6. Ibid 7. Ibid 8. Ibid 9. Ibid 10. Ibid 11. Theresa Willingham, Library Makerspaces: The Complete Guide (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017).

12. Willingham.

13. “Reversing The ABCs Of Acoustics,” Sound & Communications (blog), January 8, 2018, http://www. soundandcommunications.com/reversing-abcs-acoustics/.

14. “Reversing The ABCs Of Acoustics.”

15. “Reversing The ABCs Of Acoustics.”

16. “ADA Sign Installation Guidelines & Requirements | ADA Central,” accessed October 10, 2018, https://adacentral.com/ada-compliance-info/ada-sign-installation.html.

17. “ADA Sign Installation Guidelines & Requirements | ADA Central.”

18. Willingham, Library Makerspaces.

19. Willingham, Library Makerspaces.

20. Willingham, Library Makerspaces.

223

Section 5: 1. “The Importance of Socialization for Kids,” Children’s Campus, August 10, 2015, http://childrenscampus.com/blog/importance-socializationkids/.

2. Alan Henry, “Why We Should All Spend More Time Staring Out of the Window,” Lifehacker, accessed October 18, 2018, https://lifehacker.com/ why-we-should-all-spend-more-time-staring-out-of-the-wi-1784903049.

3. “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design,” September 12, 2014, http://www. terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns-of-biophilic-design/.

4. “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design.”

5. “Benefits of Natural Light - -,” accessed October 23, 2018, https://www. patioenclosures.com/benefits-of-natural-light.aspx.

6. “Benefits of Natural Light - -.”

7. Carla Davis, “Shining Light on What Natural Light Does For Your Body,” Sustainability (blog), accessed October 23, 2018, https://sustainability.ncsu.edu/blog/ changeyourstate/benefits-of-natural-light/.

8.“The Link Between Light and Health | NBBJ,” accessed October 23, 2018, http://www. nbbj.com/ideas/2013/3/19/let-there-be-light/.

9. “Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning,” accessed October 24, 2018, http://www.color-wheelpro.com/color-meaning.html.

10. “Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning.”

11.“Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning.”

12.“Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning.”

13. “Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning.”

14.“Color Wheel Pro: Color Meaning.”

15.“Left Brain vs. Right Brain: What’s the Difference?,” Healthline, January 18, 2017, https://www. healthline.com/health/left-brain-vs-right-brain.

16. CBS News March 18, 2018, and 9:41 Am, “How Busy Hands Can Alter Our Brain Chemistry,” accessed October 25, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/handiwork-how-busy-hands-can-alter-ourbrain-chemistry/.

Section 6: 1.“Population Of Philadelphia 2018,” accessed November 6, 2018, http://usapopulation2018.com/ population-of-philadelphia-2018.html.

2.“Population Of Philadelphia 2018.”

3. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs),” accessed November 6, 2018, http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/philadelphia-population/.

4. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs).”

5. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs).”

6. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs).”

7. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs).”

8. “Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs).”

9. “Climate Philadelphia - Pennsylvania and Weather Averages Philadelphia,” accessed November 6, 2018, https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/philadelphia/pennsylvania/united-states/uspa1276.

10. “Manayunk Demographics & Statistics — Employment, Education, Income Averages in Manayunk — Point2 Homes,” accessed November 6, 2018, https://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/PA/ Philadelphia/Manayunk-Demographics.html.

Section 8: 1. “Manayunk,” accessed November 19, 2018, http://www.workshopoftheworld.com/manayunk/ manayunk.html.

225

Photos in Order Counterclockwise:

Section 1: 1. ork Bench, Digital Image, Ivars Krutainis, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/MuRMTbd8s3Y 2. Art Studio, Digital Image, Tom Holmes, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/RqASow2Y6Os 3. Tools and Flowers, Digital Image, Ella Jardim, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/A51hrcFHT-Y 4. Welder, Digital Image, Pete Wright, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/n1RJ7pXgGTE 5. Hands at Work, Digital Image, m0851 , Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/lqdrW2O-GKA 6. Paint Brushes, Digital Image, RhondaK Native Florida Folk Artist, Accessed August 27t 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/_Yc7OtfFn-0 7. Kids with Lightbulbs, Digital Image, Sgaialand, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://www.sgaialand.it/padova-nova-open-innovation-days/Section 2: 8. Kids Laughing, Digital Image, World Press, Accessed August 27th, 2018 https://kidsasinnovators.wordpress.com/2018/02/16/simple-ways-to-raise-kidsas-innovative-thinkers/

Image Citations: 226

th,

-

Section 2: 1. Greece, Digital Image, Jonathan Gallegos, Accessed September 3, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/_vA2q0-NroU 2. Chapel, Digital Image, Jay Lee, Accessed September 3, 2018 https://unsplash.com/photos/wz0Mb7nq4Zc 3. Boomerangs, Digital Image, None , Accessed September 3, 2018 http://www.patentmuzesi.com/patent/hem-spor-hem-silah-bumerang 4. E078170 Boomerang reverse, Digital Image, None, Accessed September 3, 2018 https://australianmuseum.net.au/image/e078170-boomerang-reverse 5. Mayan Contributions, Digital Image, Thinglink, Accessed September 3, 2018 6. Albert, Digital Image, none, Accessed September 3, 2018 https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/779444/Albert-Einstein-greatest-discoveries-scientistphysicist-relativity-atomic-bomb 7. Boomerang fold, Digital Image, None, Accessed September 3, 2018 http://www.chine-culture.com/origami/jouet-boomerang.php Section 3.1: 1. South NextFab Lab front, Digital Image, NextFab, Accessed September 9, 2018 2. South NextFab Lab Cafe, Digital Image, inHabit, Accessed September 9, 2018 3. South Philly, Conrad Benner, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 4. Philadelphia Electric Company, Philly Curb, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 5. Reception Desk, Philly Maker, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 6. CafĂŠ Ynez, Restaurant, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 7. Outdoor Space, Hunter Faddis, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 8. Circulation, Hunter Faddis, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 9. Welding Stations, Hunter Faddis, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 10. Coop, Hunter Faddis, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 11. South NextFab Lab Metal, Digital Image, inHabit, Accessed September 9, 2018

227

11. South NextFab Lab Metal, Digital Image, inHabit, Accessed September 9, 2018 12. South NextFab Lab Metal Members, Digital Image, NextFab, Accessed September 9, 2018 13. Welding, Tulsa Welding School, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 14. Roof, Hunter Faddis, Digital Image, Accessed September 9, 2018 15. Wilmington, NextFab, Digital Image, Accessed September 11, 2018 Section 3.2: 1. Top of BOK, Digital Image, PhillyMag, Accessed September 18, 2018 2. Classroom of BOK, Digital Image, BOK, Accessed September 19, 2018 3. Lindsey Scannapieco, Digital Image, Locus-partners, Accessed September 18, 2018 4. BOK, Digital Image, Somethinginthewudder, Accessed September 18, 2018 5. BOK Map, Digital Image, Blossom Interactive, Accessed September 18, 2018 6. BOK Bar, Digital Image, TimOut Philadelphia, Accessed September 18, 2018 7. BOK Bar Above, Digital Image, Memphite, Accessed September 19, 2018 8. BOK Bar Opening Day, Digital Image, Zagat, Accessed September 19, 2018 9. BOK Bar Sunset Views, Digital Image, Zagat, Accessed September 19, 2018 10. BOK Sign, Digital Image, Smith & Diction, Accessed September 19, 2018 11. BOK Hallways, Digital Image, Smith & Diction, Accessed September 19, 2018 12. BOK Auditorium, Digital Image, Smith & Diction, Accessed September 19, 2018 13. BOK Elevator, Digital Image, Smith & Diction, Accessed September 19, 2018 14. BOK Tenant Space, Digital Image, BOK, Accessed September 19, 2018 15. BOK Tattoo Space, Digital Image, BOK, Accessed September 19, 2018 16. Building Amenities, Digital Image, BOK, Accessed September 19, 2018 17. Building Amenities, Digital Image, Medium, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 18. Building Amenities, Digital Image, Courtesy of Scout, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 228

18.

19.

20.

21.

Building Amenities, Digital Image, Courtesy of Scout, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 Open Spaces, Digital Image, BOK, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 Sunset, Digital Image, Philly Mag, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 Hallways, Digital Image, Hidden Philly, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018

Section 3.3: 1. Hallways, Digital Image, Hidden Philly, Ltd., Accessed September 19, 2018 2. Chalk artist MOE NOTSU at work during Opening Night, Digital Image, Hackaday, Ltd., Accessed September 25, 2018 3. Tic-Tac-Toe build using Design Lab tools, Digital Image, Hackaday, Ltd., Accessed September 25, 2018 4. A lecture, Digital Image, Hackaday, Ltd., Accessed September 25, 2018 5. Working, Digital Image, Hackaday, Ltd., Accessed September 25, 2018 6. Artwork, Digital Image, Todbot, Ltd., Accessed September 25, 2018 7. Cory Grosser Portrait, Digital Image, Artcenter, Ltd., Accessed September 26, 2018 8. Center of Workshop, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 9. Kitchen, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 10. Model Space, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 11. Multi-Purpose Room, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 12. Workstations, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 13. Conference, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 14. Conference Right Side, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 15. Front View, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 16. 3D, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 17. Custom Tables, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 18. Lab, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 19. Chairs, Digital Image, Wescover, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 20. Gallery, Digital Image, Hackaday, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 21. Demo, Digital Image, PloyStudios, Ltd., Accessed September 27, 2018 229

Section 3.4: 1. Robert Shin, Digital Image, MIT, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 2. Hut, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 3. Moveable furniture, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 4. Millwork, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 5. Lighting, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 6. Collaborative Workspace, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 7. Wrapper, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 8. Flexible Classrooms, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 9. Workshop Set Up, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 10. Makerspace, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 11. Machinery, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 12. Lounge, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 13. Conference Room, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 14. Open Office, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 15. Entrance, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 16. Seating, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 17. Map, Digital Image, Snazzymaps, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 18. Custom Lighting, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 19. Private Hut, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 20. Traveling, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 21. Storage, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 22. Storage Wall, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 23. Kitchen, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 24. Back Kitchen, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018

230

25. Coffee Bar, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 26. Workspace Entrance, Digital Image, Archdaily, Ltd., Accessed October 7, 2018 Section 4: 1. Tools, Digital Image, Todd Quackenbush, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 2. Maya Angelou, Digital Image, Stephen Parker , Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 3. Card Scanner, Digital Image, Rawpixel, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 4. Solar Panels, Digital Image, Andreas Gücklhorn, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 5. Router, Digital Image, ccohos, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 6. Bellevue University, Digital Image, HDR, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 7. Saw Parts, Digital Image, AD308, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 8. Sander, Digital Image, AD308, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 9. Saw, Digital Image, Enginediagram, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 10. Solar Panels, Digital Image, Enginediagram, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 11. Protective Tape, Digital Image, Etienne Girardet, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 12. Drill Press, Digital Image, what-when-how, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 13. Door Heights Digital Image, Etchhouston, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 14. Floorplan, Picktaz, Ltd., Accessed October 10, 2018 Section 5: 1. Thomas Carlyle, Digital Image, Biography, Ltd., Accessed October 17, 2018 2. Forest Light, Digital Image, Julien R, Ltd., Accessed October 17, 2018 3. Paint, Digital Image, russn_fckr, Ltd., Accessed October 17, 2018 4. Paint Brushes, Digital Image, Alice Achterhof, Ltd., Accessed October 17, 2018 5. Through the Window, Digital Image, R Mo, Ltd., Accessed October 17, 2018 6. Lake Party, Digital Image, Jens Johnsson, Ltd., Accessed October 18, 2018 7. Foggy Forest, Digital Image, Jay Mantri, Ltd., Accessed October 18, 2018

231

8. Shadows Reflected, Digital Image, Jun Lin, Ltd., Accessed October 25, 2018 9.Lights, Digital Image, Dil, Ltd., Accessed October 25, 2018 10.Color Stripes, Digital Image, Robert Katzki, Ltd., Accessed October 25, 2018 11. Grinding Metal, Digital Image, Chris Ralston, Ltd., Accessed October 25, 2018 12. Painting, Bench Accounting, Ltd., Accessed October 25, 2018 Section 6: 1. Eagles, Digital Image, Casey Murphy, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 2. 30th, Digital Image, Jodie Walton, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 3. LOVE, Digital Image, Visit Philly Twitter, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 4. Philly Zoning Map, Digital Image, communityservicefellowships, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 5. Yunk, Digital Image, 410 Shurs, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 6. The lofts at chimney hill, Digital Image, Apartments, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 7. The lofts at chimney hill interior, Digital Image, Apartments, Ltd., Accessed November 6, 2018 8. Ben Franklin Bridge, Digital Image, FREE ENTERPRISE, Ltd., Accessed November 7, 2018 Section 7: 1. Create Space, Digital Image, Arnaud Weyts, Ltd., Accessed November 7, 2018 2. Drawing, Digital Image, Rawpixel, Ltd., Accessed November 7, 2018 3. Tape, Digital Image, Jo Szxzepanska, Ltd., Accessed November 7, 2018

232

Section 8: 1. Back of Chimney Hill, Digital Image, theloftsatchimneyhill, Ltd., Accessed November 20, 2018 2. Outdoor Seating Area, Digital Image, theloftsatchimneyhill, Ltd., Accessed November 20, 2018 3. Inside Lobby, Digital Image, theloftsatchimneyhill, Ltd., Accessed November 20, 2018 4. Bridges, Digital Image, theloftsatchimneyhill, Ltd., Accessed November 20, 2018 Section 9: 1. Studio, Digital Image, Smith System, Ltd., Accessed November 28, 2018 2. Innovated studio, Digital Image, Pinterest, Ltd., Accessed November 28, 2018 Section 10: 1. Global Office, Digital Image, Interior Design Mag, Ltd., Accessed November 29, 2018 Cover: Little Yellow Hammer, Digital Image, Unknown, Ltd., Accessed November 26, 2018

233

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