Gasification

WORLDWIDE REFINERY PROCESSING REVIEW Monitoring Technology Development and Competition in One Single Source

First Quarter 2007 Gasification

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1Q2007 Review Gasification 10.Gasification ....................................................................................................................................... 1 A.

B.

STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY......................................................................................................................... 1 1.

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 2.

Types of Gasification Reactors ................................................................................................................. 3 a) Entrained Flow ........................................................................................................................... 3 b) Fluidized Bed .............................................................................................................................. 3 c) Moving Bed ................................................................................................................................ 3 3.

Commercial Processes .............................................................................................................................. 4 a) ConocoPhillips............................................................................................................................ 4 b) GE Energy .................................................................................................................................. 7 (1) Commercial Experience ............................................................................................ 9 (a) North America .................................................................................... 9 (b) Western Europe ................................................................................ 10 (c) Asia-Pacific ...................................................................................... 11 (2) Gasification Integration ........................................................................................... 11 c) Lurgi Öl Gas Chemie ................................................................................................................ 12 d) Shell Global Solutions .............................................................................................................. 15 (1) Commercial Experience .......................................................................................... 17 (2) Gasification Integration ........................................................................................... 18 e) Siemens ..................................................................................................................................... 19 f) Uhde ......................................................................................................................................... 20 4.

Summary of Commercial Gasification Processes ................................................................................... 21 5.

Summary of Gasification Units with Refinery-Related Feedstock .......................................................... 22 a) Installed Gasification Units ...................................................................................................... 22 b) Planned Gasification Units ....................................................................................................... 25 REFINING R&D ALERT! ...................................................................................................................................... 26 1.

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 26 2.

Process Method....................................................................................................................................... 29 a) Solid Feed ................................................................................................................................. 29 b) Liquid Feed ............................................................................................................................... 30 c) Either Feed ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.

Reactor Vessel ......................................................................................................................................... 34 a) Solid Feed ................................................................................................................................. 34 b) Liquid Feed ............................................................................................................................... 37 c) Either Feed ................................................................................................................................ 38 4.

Feed Injector ........................................................................................................................................... 41 a) Solid Feed ................................................................................................................................. 41 b) Liquid Feed ............................................................................................................................... 42 c) Either Feed ................................................................................................................................ 42 5.

Refractory ............................................................................................................................................... 42 6.

Purification ............................................................................................................................................. 43 a) Solid Feed ................................................................................................................................. 44 b) Either Feed ................................................................................................................................ 44 7.

Emissions ................................................................................................................................................ 46 8.

H2 Production ......................................................................................................................................... 47 9.

Integration .............................................................................................................................................. 48 10. Miscellaneous ......................................................................................................................................... 48 a) Solid Feed ................................................................................................................................. 49 b) Liquid Feed ............................................................................................................................... 50 c) Either Feed ................................................................................................................................ 50

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