Piazza CĂŠramique AR1AD030 ARCHITECTural STUDIES I
A building analysis by: Hyeonsu Yang
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Contents Basic information
01
Context
Typology Distribution 01_Collective access systems Distribution 02_Inner Traffic Kinds of Dwelling Diversity of Types 01 Diversity of Types 02 Diversity of Types 03 Diversity of Types 04
National scale Maastricht Urban scale 01_Buildings Urban scale 02_Car roads Urban scale 03_Footpath & Greens Urban scale 04_Noise Urban scale 05_Sun orientation & View Impact 01_Opening up & Greens Impact 02_Living+Working
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Spacial relation
11
Appearance
12 13
Facade concept Facade in relation to inner structure Perception 01 Preception 02 Photograph
Program Density Different functions
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Flexibility Building Housing units
21 22
23 24 25 26 27
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Piazza Céramique_basic infomation Location: Céramique district, Maastricht, the Netherlands Program: Residence (Apartments & Workspaces) Competition + Construction periods: 2001 - 2007 Client | Development firm: Vesteda group | Vesteda group Architects: Jo Janssen, Prof. ir. Wim van den Bergh Architectural firms: JO JANSSEN ARCHITECTEN, WIM VAN DEN BERGH ARCHITECT Collaboration: Verena Bick, Bremen Bouwadviseurs, Inge Clauwers, Bart Creugers, Julia David, Eckehart Esters, Ingenieursbureau Palte, Rob Janssen, Anilu Léon Sanchez, Rik Martens, Guido Neijnens, Ivo Rosbeek, Harm Saanen, Corinne Simon, Jeroen van Haaren, WRI Wetering Raadgevende Ingenieurs, Simon Zumstein Constructors: Ingenieursbureau A. Palte, Valkenbur
01
context | National scale
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Maastricht in the Netherlands Meuse(Mass) rivrer
England
Amsterdam
Den Haag
Utrecht
Rotterdam
Netherlands Eindhoven
Duisburg Dusseldorf
Antwerpen
Location in the Netherlands:
Belgium
Koln Brussel
Maastricht Liege
German
France Luxembourg Luxembourh
Piazza Céramique is in Maastricht, which is the one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands, located in the south-east part of the Netherlands and belonged to Limbgurg province: a distance among countries, France, German, Belgium, and Luxembourg, is quite close and Maas River, Meuse, runs through the city. In 1824, the Dutch Trading Company was founded, to work on the recovery of trade and the opening of markets. The Northern Netherlands would be focusing on trade and the Southern Netherlands on industry. For that reason, Maastricht became one of the early industrial cities in the Netherlands. From the early industrial period to the middle of 1900, the famous industry and product are céramique and pottery. 02
context | Maastricht
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Piazza Céramique in its historic context Piazza Céramique Céramique Area Old wall Old Céramique factories
Building in its historic context: In Céramique area, there are few histroic remains: Near Maas river, three remained ceramique factories are located. The old wall along the street is the only signal to explain this place was the ceramique industrial area. This area has been redeveloped for city culture and residential area. Piazza Céramique, the residential building, shows the origin and identity of its name: the site of building was once belonged to the land of Maastricht’s ceramique factories. 03
context | urban scale 01
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Buildings around Piazza Céramique
Dwelling in Ceramique Area Low rasied Dwelling near it
Buildings: Around Piazza Ceramique, there are two different types of dwelling exist. One group was in eastside of Piazza ceramique. They were built after the World War 2 in order to recover residential area. Others are brand-new buildings designed by famous architects recently. Most of them are also residential housing. Former buildings’ height is lower than the new one. However, their shape is a court-type building, so they have a center garden in the middle of buildings. 0m
50m
04
context | urban scale 02
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
car-roads around Piazza CĂŠramique
Car-road: Old blocks, the west of Piazza Ceramique, have various shape: they are based on old city fabric pattern. On the other hand, blocks in Ceramique area are followed gird pattern. Only a boarder between two areas show boundary point. Because they are residential areas, roads themselves are narrow and small scape. 0m
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05
context | urban scale 03
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Greens & footpaths around Piazza Céramique
Greens & Footpaths: The east-side of this building, the main street exitst in the ceramique area. this road makes axis toward south and north. Except the main street and piazza ceramique, other building’s greens areas are in the center of them, people may not recognize the green space behind them when they are walking around this area. This problem comes from the typology of the buildings, court-type. Nevertheless each block in Ceramique district has enough space for pedistrains more than old blocks, and among footpath in blocks are wellorganized to connect buildings in blocks. 0m
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06
context | urban scale 04
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
noise from roads
Moving Route of Noise
NOISE PREVENTION: From the two main roads, the east and the west, Piazza Ceramique has enough distance with green areas, so there is few intervention for living condition. 0m
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07
context | urban scale 05
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
SUN ORIENTATION & VIEW
Moving Route of Sun View from the building
SUN ORIENTATION & VIEW: The other multi-housings in the same block have around 6 to 8 floors, so they are like the wall, though they are such a beautiful. They blocked sun, and view from the building, except the west side. That reason, the architect, Jo Janssen maybe create seperated three buildings with more inner space. 0m
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08
context | impact 01
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
Opening up & Greens
possible approach ways
Opening & Greens: In Ceramique area, most green areas are enclosed by residential buildings. In the ‘Ceramique Area’ of Maastricht, the scheme opts for a spatial trategy in which urban space is opened up. By strategically placing three volumes, it not only makes the public space flow though the site, but it also volves the triangular green area to its east into this interlinking of urban spaces.
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context | impact 02
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Program_Living + working
Singular function of dwelling Multi-proposal dwelling : Living + Working
Living + Working: The program to be housed within the block was that of an integrated form of dwelling and working characterized by the separation of entrances, leading to the public practice and the private house. This multifunctionality and adaptibility is providing a sustainable building which is able to inhabit the needs of society
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spacial relation
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Roaming Approach with object Interaction between dwelling & atrium Interaction between piazza & atrium
Public & Semi-Public:
Inside like outside:
This area has one-meter between west and east side, so the architect proposal open space The atrium is not only the main enterance and distribution, but also is able to change the toward the east road, and a deck space like plaza with three main dwelling. Open space character of space temporary. It can become the hall for party or playing. So it is second is for normal citizens, and the deck is for more residences. Through the deck, people can semi-public space like the piazza. come into buildings.
11
program | density
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
density of housing
Block A
Block b
Density: Except one program of working area like small office and a service program, parking, all space are used for dwelling. Block A’s dwelling program is townhouse, lower part, and mid-scale appartment. Block C is for only townhouse. These two building is only focused on living. However, an architect gave a proposal merged two different functions; living, working. In Block B, there are small wokring area, office, office + apparent(small scale), and small appartment for people who want to combine living and working space.
Block c
Townhouse Apartment
Office+Apartment Office
Car-Parking area Bike-Parking area
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program | different functions
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza Céramique
organiztion & Interaction
Dwellings Workshops
Bike-parking area Car-parking area
Block A
Block b
+
+
Block c
Dwellings
Workshops
Parking for bikes & cars
Basically, Piazza Ceramique which is a residential building. Each block has differenct types of housing units with various. Block A is for normal tenants, Block B is for normal tenants and people who want to stay and work at a same space. Block C’s basic concept is quite similar to Block A, but the ground floor in the building is able to convert from living area to working area.
Workshops like small offices are placed at ground floor and underground in Block B with various office + apartments. That reason, the atrium is like normal offices’ hall to welcome people. It is the very beneficial for visitors to access offices directly.
It had 1 meter gap from the west to the east in the site. By using the geometrical character, an architect, Jo Janssen, suggested to make an underground to service areas for parking. This part not only became a plinth of Piazza Ceramique, but also made various approach routes from the outside through various geometry.
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typology | distribution 01
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
collective access systems
Through the deck, opening space for public, people usually are able to come into building. Major collective access route on a ground floor directly connected to the atrium. Only Block C is exceptional: There is no collective access syetems in this building. Each unit has own enterance.
Underground
Gateway & Atrium Deck space Car-parking area Bike-parking area
Human approach Main gateway Emergency gateway Cars & Bike approach
Ground floor
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typology | distribution 02
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
inner traffic
Corridors Elevator core Stairs
Elevators
Main stairs
Sub stairs
The elevator core is in the atrium, but there is no function to support the structure of the atrium or the building itself. Each gate of elevators is directly linked to corridors.
Following corridors in the atrium, main stairs connect among floors. Each floor has different staris and route. It is the very important to make the atrium plentiful space.
Sub staris are hidden. It is for escaping.
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typology | Kinds of dwelling
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
axonometric diagram
=
+ Town-house
+ Apartment
Office + Apartment
plans bw2
bw2 ba1 as7
as8
as9
as10
bw6 bw5
as12 as13
as6
as4 as3
bw3
as5
as12 as13
as1
Cs/w
Ground floor
as3
as2 as2 as1
Cs/w
First floor
ba5
ba3
ba5
ba3
ba3
bw4
bw3
bw1
bw4 aa2
aa11
aa9
aa3
aa3
aa10
aa10
aa4 / aa5 aa4 / aa5
as11
as4 as2 as2
ba3
as10 bw5
bw1 as5
as9
ba2
as11
as6
bw6 as7 as8
bw2
bw2
ba4
bw1 aa9
aa2 aa8 aa1
aa1
aa6 aa7
Cs/w
Second, Third, Fourth floor
Fifth floor
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typology | diversity of types 01
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Town house
Cs/w
AS1 / as3
as2
as4
Town-house
as5
as6
as7 / as10
as11
as12
as13
as8 / as9
Block A provides space for 14 town houses. . The town houses are built on two floors. The spacious living room, luxury kitchen and storage room are on the ground floor adjacent to a loggia. On the second floor are the bathroom, two or three bedrooms and a loggia. Block C seating for 7 luxury town houses, built over four floors. On the ground floor of the workspace. The luxury living area and kitchen are on the first floor. On the second floor are two bedrooms and a bathroom. On the third floor is a roof terrace and an extra (bed) room.
17
typology | diversity of types 02
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
apartment
aa1
aa2
aa3
aa4 / aa5
Apartment Block A provides space for 32 luxury apartments. And Block B provides office space for 20 apartments. The spacious living room, luxury kitchen and storage room are on the floor adjacent to a loggia. Also, on the floor, bedrooms are near the loggia. aa7
aa10
aa6 / aa8
aa11
aa9
aa9
ba1
ba2
ba3 / ba5
ba4
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typology | diversity of types 03
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
office + apartment
bw1 / bw4
bw2
bw1
Office + Apartment
Block B provides office space for 19 luxury apartments. Ideal for businesses with a practice at home or self-employed people working from home a lot. Most workplaces are on the ground floor and have a separate entrance. The living and sleeping area located on the first floor. In a number of residential dwellings are the home-work, sleep and work areas on the same floor. bw3
bw6
bw5
19
typology | diversity of types 04
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
prototypes
Town-house (CS/W)
Town-house (AS7)
Office area Living space Bedroom Service area Loggia Terrace Enterance of Living space Enterance of workingspace
Apartment (AA1)
Office + Apartment (BW4)
Townhouse CS/W - Block C
Apartment AA1 - Block A
-The floor area: 156m2 -spacious lounge -luxury kitchen half closed -two bedrooms -additional accommodation / office -separate work area with private toilet -spacious roof terrace
-The floor area: 125m2 -spacious lounge -luxury walk-in kitchen -two bathrooms -spacious loggias
Townhouse AS7 - Block A
Office + Apartment BW4 - Block B
-The floor area: 164m2 -spacious lounge -dining -luxury walk-in kitchen -three bedrooms -luxurious bathrooms -two loggias
-The floor area: 164m2 -spacious lounge -dining -luxury walk-in kitchen -three bedrooms -luxurious bathrooms -two loggias
20
flexibility | building
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Living space Service space Inner ring
+
=
Living + Service space
Inner ring
Various units
Living spaces such as a living room, bedroom, and office room are placed toward facades, and service area like bathroom, kicthen, and so on, is focused on the atrium.
The inner ring holds the structure of this building. Between two layers of inner rings there are service spaces. That means, two spaces are naturally divided by the structure.
From the seperation of between two spaces with inner ring, there are a lot of possibility to make various housing units.
21
flexibility | unit
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Living space Loggia Bedroom Service area
Flexibility - unit:
Basic type of apartment
Modified apartment
Every dwelling unit has loggia for the facade. This space can be convert to other spaces like a living room of an office space.
22
apperence | facade concept
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Strict RHYTHEM & Random PATTERN
Facade with Strict rhyhem: in order to make neutral mood, the architect adopt big regular openings with grid system. This pattern also repersents structural pattern. Deep loggias and windows with foldable shutter are due to outer columns. With traditional bricks, strict rhythem from the facade shows.
Shutter & window for Unexpecteness: To solve several problems like ventilation or keeping privacy, foldable shutters are adopted. With netural facade, it creates a lot of different moods.
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apperence | structure
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
Relation Facade & Inner structure: Facade’s pattern show outter columns. To make a flexible space, an architect do not use normal structure, but he use inner ring system based on load-bearing wall: Block C is exception.
Inner rings (Load-bearing wall)
Outer structures: Columns
Brick Facade with arranged loggias
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appearence | perception 01
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
25
appearence | perception 02
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
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appearence | Photograph
ARCHITECTural STUDIES I Piazza CĂŠramique
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