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26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
The main problem, arising from the "social
connected to it, that ensured the water
existing of the problem, through the media.
fallout of recession" and "cultural and civic
transport to lower areas of the city, and
Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a
deficit raging in crisis-ridden Europe", is in
which are now framed in an urban Lisbon in
medium, taking place between September
our opinion the current crisis of values,
constant mutation and crossed through by a
12 and December 15 (only during week-
that is reflected in a financial and economic
big net of roads .
ends) will be installed a network of
crisis. We believe that the amazing amount
intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing,
of cheap energy that in the last decades
We see the water as a possibility to connect
through open-channel, that anyone can use
gave way to a disconnection with the
communities and to make this link with what
this technology to communicate with
biophysics structures of the city, is also
are the landscape-nature structures of the
another person and hear the soundscape of
ireflected directly in the planning strategy of
city. We are also part of nature, man finds
another fountain (fig. 3). Through this
Lisbon through the absence of a
his social activities through the
installation we intend to establish a new
consequent dialogue between the various
interconnection of activities. We want this
network between the system of fountains
stakeholders who live and govern the city..
project to rise awareness of the importance
(fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between
of water in the city and use that as a
people and capturing media attention. With
possibility to build up social cohesion.
the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary
“(...) an imense construction work of gorgeous aqueducts that will last eternally(...)”
also will be installed in each of the fountains The project, to be conducted in three
a speaker which plays the sound of running
This phrase inscribed in the Amoreiras Arch
phases, intends to reactivate the whole
water, currently lacking in most of these
is the motto of the project "Water as an
system through a process that encourages
structures.
element of social cohesion", which aims
dialogue between residents and local
The second phase will correspond to the
to reactivate a set of 26 fountains, which
authorities (neighborhood associations,
process for mobilizing communities towards
are part of the ancient system of water
parish councils, etc.), mobilizing
organizing themselves in order to obtain the
distribution and the collective memory of
communities around each of the fountains in
necessary support to carry out the
city. The Aguas Livres Aqueduct, the most
order to bring back the water and the
restoration work (fig. 4).
visible structure of this complex system,
citizens to those noble spaces of the city
The third and last phase, corresponds to
started in 1731 with the aim of solving water
(fig. 2).
the restoration of each of the fountains,
absence, which always afflicted the City of
even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that
Lisbon, today lost its original purpose. The
In a first phase, is the stage for raising
it should be possible to bring water back into
same happened to most fountains that were
media attention and awareness of the
the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).
1
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
Budget and Schedule
Research and logistics Installation 26 fountains Civil society engagement Fountains with water
1st Phase Research and logistics Installation - woki toki + speakers logistics Logistics on site
June - September
200 €
August - September
1800 €
September - December
500 €
TOTAL
2500 €
2nd and 3rd Phase It will be suported by sponsors and the residents' association (Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish, Sao Domingos de Benfica, Sao Francisco Xavier’s and Santa Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish, Penha de Franca, Alcantara); the basic work is mettings and burocratic works, contacts with the local authorities. This work will start during the Lisbon Architecture Triennale and it will be helped by the media attention of the event. 2
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
Conceptual Plan and Public Fountains
Fig. 1 - Location plan of fountains and communication network proposal between them.
3
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
1. KING’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
2. INNER PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Terreiro do Trigo’s Square
Inner Public Fountain’s Square
Santo Estevao’s Civil Parish
Santo Estevao’s Civil Parish
Construction date: unknown
Construction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Current state: no water
3. SAO PAULO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
4. JANELAS VERDES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Sao Paulo’s Square
Doutor José de Figueiredo Square
Sao Paulo’s Civil Parish
Prazeres’ Civil Parish
Construction date: 1848
Construction date: 1775
Architect: Malaquias Ferreira Leal
Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos
Current state: no water
Current state: no water
5. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ARMADA’S SQUARE
6. NECESSIDADES’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Armada’s Square
Necessidades’ Square
Prazeres’ Civil Parish
Prazeres’ Civil Parish
Construction date: 1845
Construction date: 1747
Architect: unknown
Architect: Manuel C. de Sousa (atribuído)
Current state: no water
7. JUNQUEIRA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Current state: water
8. BOA HORA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Junqueira’s Street
Calhariz’s New Street
Alcantara’s Civil Parish
Ajuda’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1821
Construction date: 1838
Architect: Honorato José Correia
Architect: unknown
de Macedo e Sá Current state: no water
Current state: no water
4
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
9. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF MASTRO’S SQUARE
10. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF CARMO’S SQUARE
Mastro’s Square
Carmo’s Square
Pena’s Civil Parish
Sacramento’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1848
Construction date: 1769
Architect: Malaquias Ferreira Leal
Architect: Miguel Ângelo de Blasco
Sculptor: Alexandre Gomes
(atribuído)
Current state: water
Current state: water
11. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF PRINCESA’S SQUARE
12. FORMOSA STREET’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Princesa’s Square (Pedrouços)
Seculo’s Street
S. Maria de Belem’s Civil Parish
Santa Catarina’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1851
Construction date: 1762
Architects: Malaquias Ferreira Leal,
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Félix José da Costa Current state: no water
13. MAE DE AGUA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Current state: no water
14. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF FLORES’ SQUARE
Mae de Agua’s Street
Flores’ Square
Sao Jose’s Civil Parish
Merces’ Civil Parish
Construction date: XVIIIth century
Construction date: unknown
Architect: unknown
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Current state: no water
15. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF RATO’S SQUARE
16. FONTE SANTA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Rato’s Square
Possidonio da Silva Street
Sao Mamede’s Civil Parish
Prazeres’ Civil Parish
Construction date: 1754
Construction date: unknown
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Current state: no water
5
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
17. ARCO CAVALHAO’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
18. PENHA DE FRANCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Arco do Carvalhao’s Street
Penha de Franca’s Square
Campolide’s Civil Parish
Penha de Franca’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1823
Construction date: 1870
Architect: Reinaldo M. dos Santos
Architect: unknown
Current state: no water
Current state: no water
19. CONVALESCENCA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
20. LARANJEIRAS’ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Benfica’s Road
Laranjeiras’ Square
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil Parish
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1817
Construction date: 1791
Architect: unknown
Architect: Manuel dos Santos, Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas
Current state: no water
21. BENFICA’S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Current state: no water
22. PUBLIC FOUNTAIN OF ANDALUZ’S SQUARE
Benfica’s Road
Andaluz’s Square
S. Domingos Benfica’s Civil Parish
Coracao de Jesus’ Civil Parish
Construction date: 1788
Construction date: 1336
Architect: Manuel dos Santos,
Architect: unknown
Francisco A. Ferreira Cangalhas Current state: no water
23. S. SEBASTIAO DA PEDREIRA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Current state: no water
24. ENTRE-CAMPOS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
S. Sebastiao da Pedreira’s Street
Entrecampos’ Street
S. Sebastiao Pedreira’s Civil Parish
Alvalade’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1791
Construction date: 1851
Architect: Francisco A. Ferreira
Architect: unknown
Cangalhas Current state: no water
Current state: no water
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26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
25. MOURAS‘ PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
26. ESPERANCA‘S PUBLIC FOUNTAIN
Correio-Mor’s Square
D. Carlos I Avenue
Lumiar’s Civil Parish
Santos-o-Velho’s Civil Parish
Construction date: 1815
Construction date: 1768
Architect: José Therésio Michelotti
Architect: Carlos Mardel
Current state: water
Current state: no water
Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain - Case Study
Fig. 2 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain in 1904.
7
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
1st Phase
Fig. 3 - Installation of intercoms and speakers concerning the first phase.
In a first phase, is the stage for raising media attention and awareness of the existing of the problem, through the media. Using Lisbon Architecture Triennale as a medium, taking place between September 12 and December 15 (only during week-ends) will be installed a network of intercoms, in each of the fountains, allowing, through open-channel, that anyone can use this technology to communicate with another person and hear the soundscape of another fountain (fig. 3). Through this installation we intend to establish a new network between the system of fountains (fig. 1), encouraging dialogue between people and capturing media attention. With the aim to retrieve the popular imaginary also will be installed in each of the fountains a speaker which plays the sound of running water, currently lacking in most of these structures. 8
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
2nd Phase
Fig. 4 - Participatory process organized by the residents' association during the second phase.
The second phase will correspond to the process for mobilizing communities towards organizing themselves in order to obtain the necessary support to carry out the restoration work (fig. 4).
9
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
3rd Phase
Fig. 5 - Janelas Verdes’ Public Fountain after completing the reactivation process.
The third and last phase, corresponds to the restoration of each of the fountains, even if this looks a bit utopic we believe that it should be possible to bring water back into the fountains,”as a metaphor” (fig. 5).
10
26 FOUNTAINS Water as an element of social cohesion — Lisbon Architecture Triennale, 2013
Bibliography Caetano, Joaquim O.; "Chafariz, Bicas e Poços", in Santana, Francisco; Sucena, Eduardo; Dicionário da História de Lisboa, Lisboa, Carlos Quintas e Associados, 1994, pp. 268 - 270 Viegas, Inês, M.; Dias, Luísa C.; Lisboa e o Aqueduto - Lisbon and the Aqueduct, Lisboa, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1997, pp. 101
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