Figure 8: TPs that use technologies and their dependence on government funding

Others n 2 2 % 2.53 2.41

No clear relationship was seen between TPs’ dependence on government funding and their use of learning technology. Of the 85 TPs that did not rely on government funds, almost half of them (48.2%, n=41) adopted learning technologies in the past 12 months, which was not much different from TPs who relied on government funding for more than half of their business. See Figure 8.

Figure 8: TPs that use technologies and their dependence on government funding

Although a considerable proportion of TPs (47%) reported using learning technologies, the frequency of use is not high (~3 out of a scale of 6). About 53% (n=173) of TPs did not use learning technologies at all in the last 12 months. Among the top reasons for not using learning technology include believing that their current mode of training delivery is enough to achieve the learning outcomes (47.4%, n = 73), learning technologies as too costly and will not reap the returns on investment in the next 2-3 years (33.8%, n = 52), and their lack of expertise to kick-start it (31.2%, n = 48), see Table 21. These were in line with key observations from the focus group discussions (FGDs). Other reasons revealed in the FGDs include learners’ readiness, e.g., some learners are not proficient in the ICT skills so were not ready to adopt learning technologies. Some TPs also mentioned it was difficult to decide which learning technologies to use from the diverse and fast changing tools and technologies in the market.

Table 21: Reasons for not adopting learning technologies

Reasons for not adopting learning technologies

Current mode of training delivery can meet the learning outcomes effectively 47.4%, n = 73

Too costly and will not reap the ROI in the next 2 to 3 years 33.8%, n = 52

Lack of expertise to kick start 31.2%, n = 48

Lack of financial resources to kick start 29.9%, n = 46

No need as my clients prefer traditional mode of delivery such as classroom training 26.6%, n = 41

No resources to explore what learning technologies are available in the market 26.6%, n = 41

Not ready as we do not have a business plan ready for adopting learning innovation 20.1%, n = 31

Others 1.3%, n = 2

48.2% n = 41 51.8% n = 45

31.0%

n = 22 46.5% n = 20 53.2% n = 25

Not at all 1-20% 21-50% 51-80% More than 80%

6.4 Business innovation of TPs

We took reference from OECD’s innovation indicators (OECD, 2017) and measured the status of business innovation by TPs in the four areas: product innovation (develop or introduce any new or significantly improved products or services), process innovation (develop or introduce any new or significantly improved operational processes), organisational innovation (develop or introduce any