Figure 48 Border peace parade at Attari-Wagah border

CONCLUSION

It is no longer necessary to debate whether or not the world is becoming borderless. Globalization has had an impact on some cross-border flows, such as cyberspace and capital flows, but it is clear to all border scholars that we live in a hierarchical world of rigid ordering and that borders, whether territorial or aspatial, are an important part of our daily lives. Border crossings are critical to understanding the "shape" of the international system because they are one of the structural aspects that determine nations' interaction opportunities; however, little attention has been paid to their conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement. Borders are important! Even in today’s modern "volatile" post-Cold Military conflict world of growing democracy, interdependence, and globalization, borders continue to serve a variety of functions in security, economics, politics, and social interactions. Borders delineate areas of legal competence, even as some aspects of international law challenge or erode traditional notions of sovereignty. Borders are a critical component in the global system's structure because they map the number and arrangement of the territorial units in which all humans live. They have significant effects on international politics, both by their presence and by their meaning to humans (either peoples, policy makers, or scholars). In turn, the internal and external politics of peoples, sub-state organizations, and states affect the creation, dissolution, and meaning of borders. Our examination of cross-border transportation services provided by various modes of collective transportation reveals a border effect with a double effect. Ironically, the 'borderless world' globalists have given our study of borders a boost. However, developing a shared understanding of terminologies and creating a shared glossary is a challenge we are well prepared to face. The transition spaces that are created may result in hybridity and mixing; however, the meeting of the other may serve to strengthen notions of difference and animosity. The challenge will become more difficult, but also more intriguing, as the lines of separation become more fluid and flexible. Walls also have a negative impact on the bilateral relationship between neighboring countries. However, due to political, socioeconomic, and cultural differences, the concept of a borderless world is not always feasible, and this is unavoidable. As a result, methods and strategies for promoting cultural unity and socioeconomic harmony at international borderlands must be developed.

Figure 48 Border peace parade at Attari-Wagah border