Weave the Bamboo Space
Kung Hin Fai Tutors : Adam Holloway | Elliot Rogosin | Eliot Mayer
MArchD Applied Design in Architecture DS2: New Digital Vernaculars, 2021-2022
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 3
ABSTRACT
Bamboo oCers a incredible potentials in built environment in the poor countries and can bothbridgeagapbetweenpastandpresent,traditionalandnewtechnologies. ThestudiesaimstodevelopdigitalfabricationprinciplesinformedbyBamboo andthecon ceptualframeworkandtocarryoutdesignprototypesanddigitaldesignworktodetermine newdesignlanguageinthestudioexperimentsandparametricarchitecture.
CONTENTS Chapter 1 : Bamboo Research -CharacterofBamboo -GeneralCharacteristicsofBamboo -BambooGrowandCut -BambooJoints -BambooPrecedents -ThepossibilityofBambooFabrication -ConceptDevelopment:Models -FinalModel:BendingMaterial -GroupManifesto
Chapter 5 : Site Development & Fabrication Process -SiteLocations -SiteBackground -SiteAnalysis -CourtyardPrecedence Programmers -ProposedCourtyardFunction -CurrentPeopleActivities -ProposedDigitalFabricationSpace -FabricationProcess
Chapter 2 : Gridshell Research
Chapter 6 : Design Development
-BambooGridshellPrecedents -What’isGridshellStructure
-InitialBrief Purpose Manifesto -DesignLanguage
-GridshellPrototype
Chapter 3 : Tectonic Making -PatternExploration -TectonicMaking -DesignintheSurface -MaterialTesting
Chapter 4 : Gridshell Experiment -MaterialStudy -Drybending -BambooJoineryPrototype -Phase1:grid-shellpattern -Phase2:Testthematerial/joinery -Phase3:experiment-tunnel(Second) -Phase4:Furnitecture-bamboobook shelves -ExplodedDiagram -InteriorSpace
Chapter 7 : Design Proposal -CaseStudies -DesignProposal -SitePerspective -DesignProcess -SitePlan -MasterPlan -FloorPlan -SectionDrawing -StructuralDiagram -Rendering
CHAPTER 1
Bamboo Research -ThepossibilityofBambooFabrication -CharacterofBamboo -GeneralCharacteristicsofBamboo-ConceptDevelopment:Models -FinalModel:BendingMaterial -BambooGrowandCut -GroupManifesto -BambooJoints -BambooPrecedents
CHARACTER OF BAMBOO BambooConstruction/FabricationTimelines
People developed a respect for bamboo and tendtoassociateitwithpositivemeanings. The plant symbolizes beauty and regrowth or resistance.
EARLY USES Overyears 5,0 ago,Chinesepeopleused bamboo to build tree houses (beginning ofthesturdybuildingmateriallegacy). Around 20BCE to 20CE, bamboo was usedtocreatepaperandbooks.
FURTHER DEVELOPED In the 60s, the Tang Dynasty developed bamboo musical instruments which then established an even stronger cultural leg acy for this material. Other cultures use bamboo for inspiration (art, poetry, - mu sic)andalsodishesandmeals.Peoplealso used it to create bedding and flooring for thehouses.
FURTHERMORE
REDEFINED
Bambooisnowalsoclassedashardwood. In the late 190s, creators in China devel opedatreatmentthatmadebamboolook and feel like hardwood. By cutting and planing the bamboo stalks into planks, manufacturers created a durable - alterna tive to hardwood flooring and boards.- Be fore the 20th century, China & Japan used laminatedbambooforflooring.
More redefined as a building mate rial. Innovative individuals have been able to create transportation out of thebamboo,building: • • • •
Airships Rafts Boats Bicycleframes
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CHARACTER OF BAMBOO Theuseofbamboo
Historically,Bamboohasbeenassociatedwithnativeareas - through out Southeast Asia, and focuses on the its uses in China, however thisplantalsogrowsinplaceslikeIndia,partsofAustralia,theUnited States,areasinAfricaandSouthAmerica. The easy growth and harvest, made bamboo a popular choice of buildingmaterial(itspropertiesmadeitaperfectcroptoharvest). Due to its versatile nature, people have used bamboo for - many dif ferentpurposesandinavarietyofwayssuchas: • • • • • • • •
Bamboo Drip Irrigation
Livestock Fence
Medicine Foodforanimalsandlivestock Musicalinstruments Carvedartwork Irrigationsystems Cuttingboards&kitchenware Clothing,bedding&otherfabrics Weapons
Music Instruments
Cutting Board and Kitchenware
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 1
General Characteristics of Bamboo
Native and types
The canes is the bamboo stem without branches,leaves and rhizome. The lower part,where the diCerence between the diameterandtheheightoftheinternodeissmaller,andthestemthicknessisusedforcolumnsandposts.Thecanes generallyalsousedforbeams,trussesandthree-dimensionalstructure.
Background
Theplankisobtainedfromtheintermediatepartofstems.Theisachievedbymakingsuccessivelongitudinalcut theareaofitsnodeswithahatchet
- Fast Growing : Bamboosaretypicallyfast-growingperennials, with some species growing as much as 30 cm (1 foot) per day. The woody ringed stems, known as culms, are typically hollow betweentherings(nodes)andgrowinbranchingclustersfrom athickrhizome(undergroundstem). - Length : Bambooculmscanattainheightsrangingfrom10to 15cm(about4to6inches)inthesmallestspeciestomorethan 40metres(about130feet)inthelargest. - Construction: Bamboolaminatedcanbeusedasanalternative construction material. For laminated elements such as planks, boards , columns , beams and panels,laths joined with glue or woodenboltsareused. - Tropical Material : Bamboo occur a native on 5 continents : Africa, South Asia , East Asia and the South Pacific , to some extent to South America , and by extension in the aesthetic of Tiki culture.
The part of Bamboo Calm
Bamboo Calm Section
Removed the surface of bamboo canes
Furnish the bamboo planks
Produce the strips in Industrial fabrication
Produce Bamboo Strips
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BAMBOO GROW AND CUT ResearchintoBambooGrowth
Whereisitnativeandtype? Bamboogrowsinvariouspartsoftheworld,onallcontinents except for Antarctica and Europe. That is Africa, Asia, South America, North America and Australia. It can grow almost any whereintheworld. ThereareoverdiCerent 60 typesofbamboo,someofthemain typesusedforconstruction Bamusa are , Chusquea , Dendrocalamus , Gigantochloa , Guadua , Phyllostachys . The some of the ones used for gardens are Painted Bamboo, Moso Bamboo, Green-Glaucous Bamboo, Black Bamboo, HedgeBamboo,JapaneseTimberBamboo,FishPoleBamboo, Chinese Fountain Bamboo, Dragon Head Bamboo, Umbrella Bamboo,GiantBambooandBuddhaBellyBamboo.
Bambusa
Chusquea
Gigantochloa
Guadua
Dendrocalamus
Phyllostachys
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BAMBOO GROW AND CUT DistributionofNativeBamboos AWorldwideMaterials Bamboooccuranativeoncontinents 5 Africa, : South Asia, East Asia andtheSouth Pacific, tosomeextentto South America,andbyextensionintheaestheticofTikiculture. Coincidentally,allcontinentsexceptAntarcticaandEuropehavebamboospecies. Bambooisnaturallyfoundassecondaryvegetationinforests,butinsomecases,theyarethe dominant vegetation type. Such is the case in northeast India where bamboo covers many thousandsofsquarekilometers,andonthemountainsidesofeasternAfrica. (BAMBUBATU,20). Bambooisnaturallyfound secondary as vegetationinforests,butinsomecases,theyarethe dominant vegetation type. Such is the case in northeast India where bamboo covers many thousandsofsquarekilometers,andonthemountainsidesofeasternAfrica. Bambooscanalsotolerateextremeconditionsthatmostplantscan’t.Somespeciescangrow from sea level to up to 40 m in the Andes and Himalayas withstanding temperatures well
North America
Bamboo Farm Office , Tanzania
Africa
Mainland China India
Luum Temple in Tulum, Mexico
Bamboo Hostels ,China South Asia Indonesia
South America
Africa
Deployable Bamboo Structure Pavilion , Brazil
Sharma Springs , Bali
DistributionofNativeBamboosaroundtheworld Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 17
BAMBOO GROW AND CUT DiCerentpartsofbamboo
DiCerentUse Bamboo is a perennial evergreen that is part of the grass fam ily (a very tall and woody grass that is). Similar to grass, bam boo is characterized by a jointed stem called a culm. Typically the culms are hollow but some species of bamboo have solid culms. Each culm segment begins and ends with a solid joint calledanode. Nodesarecharacterizedbyaswellingencirclingtheendsofthe culm segments. The segments between the nodes are called internodes. From the nodes grow leaves and branches. Similar totheculms,thebranchesarealsosegmentedwithnodesand internodes. (Minke,2016). Theundergroundrootsystemofbambooisverysimilartothat oftheculm.Itcanbedescribedasanundergroundculm - grow inghorizontallyinthesoil.Thisundergroundculmiscalled arhi zome.TheonlydiCerenceisthatinsteadofproducingbranches andleaves,therhizomesproducerootsandshootsatthenodes. Bamboo is a very shallow rooted plant. Bamboo rhizomes - typi cally grow within the first 6” below the surface of the ground. Therhizomesproducefeederrootsthatgrowfurtherdowninto thesoil. (Minke,2016). Bamboo rhizomes grow in two unique characteristics. They - ei ther grow in a clumping formation or they can grow in- a run ninghabit.Therhizomegrowthpatternsclassifybambooeither asaclumpingbambooorarunningbamboo.
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BAMBOO GROW AND CUT BambooBend
Bamboo Bend Bamboowant’stobendithasbeenbendingsince it has first started being used it construction, from weavingtobendingittomakestructures. Thereareanumberofwaystobendbamboofrom dry bending, water bending, heat bending and krufbending.
Drybending Involves arching it down at one end and- bend ingitwiththeotherendandsecuredown.
Waterbending
Shape the Bamboo
Bend the bamboo into shape
Water bending it Involves sucking it in water for days 2 andthenmakingitamoldtoholditinthe bentprecisionandlettingitdryoverandcouple days.
Heatbending Heat bending Involves heating up the bamboo and bending it and then repeatedly cooling it downwithwater.
Krufbending It Involves cutting groves it the bamboo and bendingitandgluingitinplace. Water Bending
Fire Bending
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BAMBOO JOINTS ResearchdiCerenttypeofJoinery
Traditional Joints For the traditional method of Bamboo connections, it’s the most important as pects of bamboo construction is the formation of joints that transfer the forc es form one elements to others. Spacing between bolts must not be less than 150mm or greater than 250mm in joints submitted to tension and less than 10mminjointssubmittedtocompression.Nowadays,diCerentkindsofbuild ingareusedasyntheticfiresinthebamboojoints.Thesesolutionarecommonly availableconnectionelements.(Minke,2016). The eCective design of joints is essential toguarantee the structural stabil ity of any project. Using bamboo in the construction,however, introduces additional design challenges due to the uniqueness and variability ofevery member. The design of joints therefore becomes a critical and intensive process where a considerable amount of skill is needed . The utilization of bamboojointsSplice Through , Angular , Orthogonal , andBundlewas acom monlyused.
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BAMBOO JOINTS ResearchdiCerenttypeofJoinery
Joints Technology A multi-angular joint holds together a number of bamboo pieces that rotate around a central point in multiple angles. Given its flex ible configuration, themultangularjoint can be appliedin a variety of projects, for instance, the construction of curvilinear structures, space frames,geodesicdomesaswellasplanargrids.Itillustrates- threediCer entmultangularjointtypesthataresuitableandcommonlydeployedin Bamboostructures(Minke,2016). Theflexibilityandversatilityofthistypeofthejointpresentadvantages while considering curvilinear structures using bamboo. A parametric design system proposed to tackle such a multi-angular joint design fromourpreviousresearchisadopted.Thejointswascommonlyusedin Multi-plannar joints , Fixed prism joint andmultangular planar joint in thedesignconfigurations.
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Bamboo Precedents
Vernacular : Hostel Deep in Rural China
Architect : Anna Heringer
Reformation : Digital Bamboo Architect : ETH Zurich
Digital Fabrication : ZCB Bamboo Pavilion Architect : The Chinese University of Hong Kong
The hustle by Anna Heringer is meant to bring people in the area The construction system developed for the Digital Bamboo pavilion Gridshellaredistinguishedfromanothertypeofform-activestructuretha backtotheirrootsusingthematerialofbambooandthetechniques aims to reduce the logistic eCorts of construction while exploiting similarly resists loads primarily through compression. In general anticl of using of the past but with a modern twist. Using locally sourced theadvantagesofdigitalfabricationformoresustainablearchitecture surfaces provide greater resistance to out-of-plane buckling because t materials, such as Bamboo, stone, and earth to create a design with (Schmid,201). sile forces running in one sense direction of the shell tend to be resisted asolidinteriormadeofstoneandrammedearth.Anexternalskinof bycompressiveforcesofequalmagnitudeintheopposedsensedirection. bambooformstheformandshapeofthebuildings.Heringer, ( 2017). (Gibson,2016)
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THE POSSIBILITY OF BAMBOO FABRICATION NextstepofBambooResearch
? Low-tech bamboo poles connection
High-tech bamboo poles connection
Bamboo strips for weaving
What could be next step in the use of digital fabrication ?
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Concept Development: MODELS
Drawings
Dry Bending Model
Vault Model
Hot Water Bending
Shell Bending Model
These are a range of development drawings ilWe initially began testing using dry bendThis second physical model was tested With our second water bending experi lustrating possible shapes and structures ing that techniques, analysing the possibilitiesagain of using dry bending combined with ment,wemadeamouldtohelpshapethe can be produced using bamboo as a material the material (to bend naturally) and - the re weaving. When first bending the mate material,aftersoakingitfor2days. forconstruction. inforcement needed to fix these curvilinearrial, we noticed that it’s bent easier with thefineside, structures.
With our second water bending experi ment, we made a mould to help shape the material, after soaking it for 2 days. Wenoticedthatifweremoveditbefore the2daysthematerial.
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Final Model : Bending Material Whenworkingonthefinalmodelwediditinaone-to-onewithbamboo.Duetothematerialnotbeinguniformlyputintostrips,itdidn’t bendinauniformway.ThustherhinomodellooksquitediCerenttothefinishedproduct.Webentthebamboomanually,madenotches inittoallowforstringtoconnecttoit.Afterwetiedtogetherthestringactedasananchorholdingitinposition.
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No boxes Say “Freedom” With Bamboo ! [ MANIFESTO]
1-
Manipulation.
A material can be easily manipulated to morph with the
landscape ,shouldnotberestrictedtostandardrectangularshapesandframes. 2-
Connection. Proto-Vernacular Architecture should ultimately- aim to recon
nectpeople,buildingsandnature. 3 - Material
Potential. It’s about freedom. Bamboo needs to bend. The flex-
ibility of the material should be explored to its full potential and capacity.
4 - Sustainability. It’s a positive contribution to a zero carbon environment, to a necessity for all and not just the poor.
5 - Flexibility. It’s a flexible material to create the parametric forms in architecture language.
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CHAPTER 2
Gridshell Research -BambooGridshellPrecedents -What’isGridshellStructure -GridshellPrototype
BAMBOO GRIDSHELL PRECEDENTS
Expo 2000 Japan Pavilion, Hannover Architect:ShigeruBan
Swatch Headquarter Switzerland Architect:ShigeruBan
Downland Gridshell United Kingdom Architect:EdwardCuillian
TOROO pavilion Taiwan Architect:Theschoolofarchitecture oftheChineseuniversityofHong Kong(CUHK)
Reading University Student Pavilion United Kingdom Architect:ReadingUniversity
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WHAT IS GRIDSHELL ? Gridshells are lattice structures of long thin timber laths, generally laid up in two directions and formed into a doubly-curvedshellstructurewhichhasbeengeometricallyform-foundtoacteCcientlyasacompression-only (dome-like) shape. They exhibit a highly materially eCcient structural arrangement for enclosing space with a lightweightlatticestructure,typicallyusedformediumandlong-spanroofs.(XYLOTEK,20) Themostcommonapproachtoforminggridshellsistolayoutaninitiallyflatgridoflaths,then - pushupthein teriorofthegridintotheintendedarchingshape,impartingthedoublecurvaturethatmakestheshellstiCand lockingthatinwithdiagonalbracingcables.Theresultisanexceptionallylight-weight,beautiful,andmaterially eCcientstructure.
The Diagram of Gridshell Tension
The image of Downland Gridshell
Force in Continuous Shells and Gridshell The Tectonic Drawing of Gridshell Structure
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GRIDSHELL PROTOTYPE
STEP 1: DRILLING THE STRIPS Thebamboosticksarecuttosizeandmeasurethesize ofgridshellstructure.Using18Bamboostickstomake astructureofgrid-shell.
STEP 2: PATTERN
STEP 3: CONTINUOUS FORCE
Thebamboogridshellstructurewaseasilytoextensionduetothescrew jointsfixing.ThesizecanbeexpandedtodiCerentwayfromnarrowtobig.
Thefixingenablemovementofthebamboostripsinthetwodirection,but someofthebamboostickswassplitduetotheover-drilledandvulnerable.
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CHAPTER 3 Tectonic Making -PatternExploration -TectonicMaking -DesignintheSurface -MaterialTesting
PATTERN EXPLORATION
QUADRILATERAL
The quadrilateral pattern is a moveable no planar faces generally on the surface. It is a continuous edges and two families of curve for the dual itself
DIAMOND
Thediamondpatternisastableandplanar faces.Itisacontinuousfacesandthreefamilies ofcurves..Thefinalshapeisdecidedbyhex agonalnetwork
TRIANGULAR
Thetriangularpatternisastableandplanar face.Ittransformsbydiamondpatternand becomethethree-waysysteminthesurface networks
HYBRIDPATTERN
Thehybridpatternisainstableandno - pla narfacesgenerally.Itisano-continuous edgesandconnectfourorfivefamiliesof curveonthesurface
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TECTONIC MAKING STRIPS
QUADRILATERAL
DIAMOND
TRIANGULAR
PATTERN A
The stight strips are to be a initial approach
STRIPS
The horizontal strips are to be second layer in the quadrilateral pattern
OBLIQUESTRIPS
Change to 45 degree for both side to be a diamond patterns
Add the horizontal strips underneath the oblique one to be a triangular pattern
OVERLAPPEDTHESTRIPS
HYBRIDPATTERN
Reverse the second strips to overlapped the straight patterns
Move the parallel direction to become the hybrid pattern
PATTERN B
The stight strips are to be a initial approach
The oblique was put on the top of straight strips. The 45 degree was set up on the second layer
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DESIGN THE SURFACE
ITERATION 1 - QUADRILATERAL Thefirstseriesofmajoriterationsistoknowthepatternof quadrilateralanddensityofthesurface.Theiterationwasto developasmallconicsurfaceintoitsconstantU/Vguidelines andtransformittobeafundamentalsystem
ITERATION 2 - DIAMOND Thesecondseriesofiterationswastodividethediamond patternonthesurface.Thediamondpatternisacommon appearanceinbambooweavingandisastructuredsystem.It aimstoknowhowmanydiamondspatternfitonthesurface
ITERATION 3 - TRIANGULAR Thethirdseriesofiterationsdividesthethree-waysystemon thesurface.Thetriangularpatternwascomefromadiamond patternoriginallyandrecognizedthediCerencebetween diamondandtriangularonthesurface
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MATERIAL TESTING BAMBOOSTICKS
BAMBOOSTRIPS( THIN)
BAMBOOSTRIPS( THICK)
BAMBOOCANERS
MATERIAL TESTING ThepreviousmaterialexperimentisshownhoweCectivethe methodbetweensteamanddrybendingis.Itappearedthat thethickbamboostripsarethebestmaterialinsteambending; However,thebamboosticksaretheeCectivewaytodoitinthe drybendingduringthematerialtesting.
DRY BENDING DryBending-450mm
Intermsofsteambending,thetwohoursorabovesteaming couldbenecessarywaitingintheprocessinasteamboxand shapingtobambooeventually.Itshowsthatthesteamboxisan eCectivewaythanthedryone.Mostofthematerialcould- becol lapsedinthedrybendingexperiments,whereasthesteam- bend ingisasuccessfulwaytobendthebamboostripsandcanes DryBending-350mm
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
NOTAPPROACH
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
NOTAPPROACH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
NOTAPPROACH
STEAM BENDING SteamBending-450mm
SteamBending-350mm
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
BENDDIFFICULTY
NOTAPPROACH
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
FLEXIBILITY
NOTAPPROACH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
NOTAPPROACH
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CHAPTER 4
Gridshell Experiments -MaterialStudy -Drybending -BambooJoineryPrototype -Phase1:grid-shellpattern -Phase2:Testthematerial/joinery -Phase3:experiment-tunnel(Second) -Phase4:Furnitecture-bamboobookshelves -ExplodedDiagram -InteriorSpace
DRY BENDING
MATERIAL STUDY
BAMBOOSTRIP
JOINERY -Thescrewjointsareastableandadaptabletoothersduetotheirmaterialqualityandtightconnection,sothe futureexperimentcouldbeadoptedthesejoints -Thebamboosticksisahardmaterialtobendthecurvyforminthegrid-shellstructure.Itaimstounderstandthe materialqualityandstabilityofthejoineryconnection.
BAMBOOSTICK
SCREWJOINT
MORTISEANDTENON
ROPEJOINT
STABILITY ADAPTABILITY CONNECTION
SMALLBAMBOOPOLE
IRONWHITELASHINGCONNECTION
ZIPTIECONNECTION
LASHEDCONNECTION
STABILITY ADAPTABILITY CONNECTION
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BAMBOO JOINERY PROTOTYPE [ BAMBOO LASHING ]
[ FISH MOUTH JOINTS ]
[ BAMBOO JOINTS WITH METAL ANCHORS ]
TYPE
Technique
-Bamboopolescanbetiedtogetherusinganyofthe - tra ditionallashingknots,
Level
StructuralnodesarefundamentalforthepropertransmissionofMakinggoodandaestheticallypleasingbamboojointsisrathercomplicated becausebambooishollow,tapered,hasnodesatvaryingdistances,anditis loadsinastructure.Inbuildingsconstructedofnaturalmaterials notperfectlycircular. suchaswoodorbamboo
STABILITY
STABILITY
ADAPTABILITY
ADAPTABILITY
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
STABILITY ADAPTABILITY CONNECTION
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PHASE1:GRID-SHELLPATTERN Finding and Experience
PHASE 2 : TEST THE MATERIAL / JOINERY Finding and Experience
Thegrid-shellpatternisstudiedintheinitialdesignstage,whichcollectedthegridshellpattern- fromthebookstoun Thebamboosticksarecuttosizeandmeasuredforthesizeofthegridshellstructure.Using18Bamboo stickstomakeastructureofgrid-shell.Thebamboosticksaredrilledintothebaseatthecorners. Th derstandtheappearanceoftheshellstructure.ThepatternwouldbediCerentbetweentheaboveandbelowimages boosticksintheperpendiculardirectionarethensetunderthefixedstripsanddrilledintheplac duetotheshadowandspiralenvironment.Thegridshellpatterncouldbedefinedinthefirstphrase. thethingtoholdontothecentrepointsofgridshellpushinguptothestructurestably. Finally,Thefixingenablemovementofthebamboostripsinthetwodirection,butsomeofthebamboo stickswassplitduetotheover-drilledandvulnerable.
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STEP1
INDIVIDUALMATERIALSTUDY:BAMBOOSTICKSGRIDSHELLSTRUCTURE STEP2 STEP1 Thebamboosticksarecuttosizeandmeasurethesizeofgridshellstructure.Using18Bamboosticksto makeastructureofgrid-shell.
STEP2 Thebamboosticksareshavedinto40mmlengthusingthetablesaw.Itcuttosizeusingtrigonometry tode terminethelengthsandthendrilledtogetherthroughscrewjoints
STEP3 Thebamboogridshellstructurewaseasilytoextensionduetothescrewjointsfixing.Thesize canbeex pandedtodiCerentwayfromnarrowtobig.
STEP2
STEP4 Thebamboosticksaredrilledintothebaseatthecorners.Thebamboosticksintheperpendicular di rectionarethensetunderthefixedstripsanddrilledintheplace.Findthethingtoholdonthecentre pointsofgridshellpushinguptothestructurestably.
FIXING Thefixingenablemovementofthebamboostripsinthetwodirection,butsomeofthebamboo stickswassplitduetotheover-drilledandvulnerable.
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PHASE 3 : EXPERIMENT - TUNNEL (SECOND ) Thethirdinvestigationsinvolvedtheconstructionofprototype neccon tionsbetweenmaterialflexibilityandoverlappinggridoo shellbamb structuralmembers.Ihavetriedtousetheplywoodstrips ct to the conne groundpointsinthemodel,toshipdisposed90degreesfromeachother. Itissuccessfultousetheplywoodstripstocreatetheshape shell ofgrid structure,andthentestanotherexperimentinthefuture.
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CONCLUSION
EXAMPLE Thebamboogridshellstructurewasextendedduetothecabletilejointsfixing.Thesizecanbeexpanded todiCer entwayfromnarrowtobig.
Usetheaugmentedreality(AR)technologytodevelopthegrid-shellstructure,andprefertothelightandflexiblemat bendtheshellinthefutureexperiment
3D MODEL MAKING Testingthe3DModelinRhinoceros,andcalculatestickrowinthedigitalmodel
610MM
410MM
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PHASE 4 : FURNITECTURE -BAMBOO BOOKSHELVES
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS 2
1
3
Bamboo is a one of the most versatile and fastest-growing planter in the worldwide. It is a member of the grass family with the ability to regrow extremely fast. Many cultures have been using bamboo for multi-purposes - craftsmanship and furniture, and frequently used a building structure in tropical countries. Bamboo is a durable and lightweight structures,and produces the culms that help other plants to collect energy. It can spread quickly through an underground network of rhizomes, which are stems buried under the soil that make bamboo spread excessively if not maintained (planted in a no-native region).The plant grows in warmer climates and in perfect condition in Asian , America and Africa countries except Europe. The Bamboo Grid-shelves is a experiments to perceive the latticed-based structural bookshelf inside the space, to recognizes the spatial reading space in urban public space.
Framework
Oblique
Rhombus
PLANNING APPROACH
Two-way Circulation
Between
Interaction
Grid-shell
Discoveredthecirculations Studiedtwo-waycirculationin Thereadingspaceislocated Followedtheframeworkexperi howpeopleusedintheread latticed-basedstructure inthemiddleofstructurethatments,thegrid-shellhavebeen ingspace peoplecanenjoytowatchthe re-definedtheinteraction- be tweenreadingandsittingarea. bookinthespace
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EXPLODED DIAGRAM
Secondlayerof Bamboogridshell
BambooLashing Technique
BambooBookshelves BambooTable
Firstlayerof Bamboogridshell
BambooBookshelves
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INTERIOR SPACE
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CHAPTER 5 Initial Design Proposal
-ProposedDigitalFabricationSpac -SiteLocations -FabricationProcess -SiteBackground -SiteAnalysis -CourtyardPrecedence Programmers -ProposedCourtyardFunction -CurrentPeopleActivities
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SITE LOCATION Dao Ming Town
Dao Ming Bamboo Crafts Village
Hill
Farm
Sichuan Province
Cheng Du City
Bamboo Crafts Village
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In-Bamboo House I (Zhu Yi Community Cultural Centre)
SITE BACKGROUND
House Cluster
Firth Space ( Toilet , Tea House)
-TheBambooCraftVillageislocatedinDaomingCounty,ChongzhouCity,SichuanProvince,morethan50kilo metersawayfromtheurbanarea. The - village,withastrongatmosphereofrurallifeandcloseneighbourhoods,isatypicalrepresentativeoflocal livingenvironment Lin Pan, – alongwithvernacularintangibleculturalheritage–BambooWeaving. Afterlook ingintothecurrentsituationandneedsinperson,thedesignerofthe Philip village, F. Yuan,attemptstocreate aruralinfrastructurespaceintegratedwithcultureindustrysystemsensitivetotheecology,culture,industryand lifestyleofthevillage.(Shuang,2018).
Tea House
- Making use of prefabrication allowed for the architecture, interior and landscape to be completed in the short time of 52 days. The overlapping serpentine roof naturally defines two interior- yards, provid ing a rich interior experience between what is inside and what is outside; between what is landscape andwhatisarchitecture.Thevariousfunctionsofthebuildingaregatheredintoacontinuumunderthis inter-weavingroof.
Farm
Field
Site Area
Site Outdoor Covered Market
In-Bamboo House (Zhu Yi Community Cultural Centre)
Tourists Centre
Site Location Plan - Bamboo Craft Village
Public Space
House Cluster
In-Bamboo House II (Zhu Yi Bed and Breakfast - B&B)
Outdoor Covered Market
Firth Space ( Toilet , Tea House)
In-Bamboo House I (Zhu Yi Community Cultural Centre)
Tea Room
Tourists Centre
Building Cluster
Courtyard House
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SITE ANALYSIS
SUN PATH
N
MAIN ROAD AND ACCESSIBILITY
TheredisamainroadtoaccessthevillageThe ; The wind flow is come thought from north direction,andnaturalsuniscoveredthesitearea local village people prefer to use the carpark (Hatch) nearby the village and main road - en tranceand ; thearrowisadirectionhowpeople accesstovillage
SUN PATH
COURTYARD AND PUBLIC SPACE The red is a open space for local people or ganizing the events and run the artwork spaceinthevillagepublicspace;The - court yard is a open garden to surrounded by a buildingclusters.
The Bamboo craft village is a platform to promote the bamboo craftsmanship culture in Chengdu , China. . The village leaderships would like to invite the local artists t advocate the Bamboo culture. The potential site area is situatedinthecentreofvillagetoenvisagethe - publicpla zainthecentreofvillage.
MAIN ROAD HOUSE
VILLAGE ROAD WIND FLOW
BUILDING CLUSTER
CAR PARK
COURTYARD
POTENTIAL SITE AREA
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COURTYARD PRECEDENCE
Renovation Twisting Courtyard
Architect:ARCHSTUDIO Architect : ARCHSTUDIO (China),
Previously used as a Siheyuan with one entry, the design focuses on the courtyard and draws it through interior and exterior conditions as a twisted plane. (Baldwin,2018)
Reform the Nature
Renovate the ancient courtyard
Zhu’an Residence
Tea House in Li Garden
Architect : Zhaoyang Architects
Nine courtyards of varying sizes reduce the scale of the traditional courtyard house and to match courtyards with various rooms. (Zhaoyang Architects ,2016)
Architect : Atelier Deshaus
The Tea House would enjoy a relatively complete and large courtyard towards the gate. While at the same time, we cut the volume facing the paulownia into an “L” shape, thus forming a tiny backyard. (Atelier Deshaus,2020 ).
Tradition
Traditional Chinese Courtyard Architect : Unknown
The Chinese courtyard is used a natural planter to grow up in the backyard of the house. It’s a tranquil area to take a break for the people to use it (Year Chinese Courtyard ,2015)
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KEY
PROGRAMMERS
PROPOSED COURTYARD FUNCTION
The traditional Chinese village space
BEDROOM PUBLIC SPACE COURTYARD
1
Perspective of Bamboo Craft Villages
2
Sketches of Chinese Dwellings
SEATING AREA
LANDSCAPE
Bedroom
TheCourtyardisasittingareatotalkwithfamil members
TheCourtyardisapublicareatotakeabreakand silentarea
Entrance
Courtyard
Bedroom 3 4
Entrance
Entrance
Hall Courtyard
Bedroom
Bedroom
KEY
Hall
COURTYARD
Courtyard Entrance
MAIN HALL Entrance
Bedroom
Bedroom
CIRCULATION Floor plan of Chinese dwellings
WORKING SPACE
Thepeople/familymemberscandothebamboo craftsinthecourtyardspace
TECHNOLOGY WORKING SPACE
Themachinecanbereplacedtothecourtyard spacetohelpthepeopletomakeabamboo crafts Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 85
CURRENT PEOPLE ACTIVITIES
1. Ba mb oo Cu ttin g
(A) , (B) Dwellings
dio 2. Artist Stu
3. M arke t
(A) Cutting the Bamboo
(B) Trimming the Bamboo
(C) Individual Bamboo Weaving
(D) Group Bamboo Weaving
(E) Artist Workshop
(F) Crafts Markets
Site
Storage
(F) In-Bamboo House (Zhu Yi Community Cultural Centre)
(C) Courtyard House
(D) Tea House
(E) Artists Studio
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PROPOSED DIGITAL FABRICATION SPACE
(1) CNC Machine for Bamboo Strips
Site
(3) AR Experience Space
(2) Robotics Arm for Strips Bending
(3) Library
(2) Robotic Arm
(1) CNC Machine
(3) AR Experience for bamboo weaving Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 89
FABRICATION PROCESS Followed the video from UCL Barlette Architecture Students’ projects, they would like to use to the advanced digital machine to build the new bamboo fabrications. I have learnt to re-think the program and machine function from the student fabrications.
(1) Steaming Used to the steam box to steam the bamboo strips for bamboo bending
(6) Watering
Water the bamboo to reduce the bamboo strips temperature
(2) Gluing Protect the bamboo strip over-bending from the fabrication process
(5) Heating Used the heat gun to burn the bamboo strips and enhance the material flexibility
(3) Bending Used the robotic arm to twists the bamboo strips
(4) Clamping Used the metal clips to hold the bamboo bending
Image - Student work of X Bamboo design project 2014-2015 (UCL Bartlett , 2016)
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FABRICATION PROCESS - FINAL FORM
Image - Student work of X Bamboo design project 2014-2015 (UCL Bartlett , 2016)
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CHAPTER 6 Design Development -InitialBrief Purpose Manifesto -DesignLanguage
INITIAL BRIEF
WHO WILL BE A FUTURE USERS IN THE VILLAGE ?
PURPOSE
ARTIST STUDIO - Artists - Local people - Students
WORKSHOP - Local people - Foreign Tourists
RESOURCE CENTRE - Artists -Students who engage in Bamboo Crafts
Purpose
LET’S REGENERATE THE VILLAGE !!!
Users
-Aimstodemonstrateanewdefinitionofhowarchitecturecaninteractwith. tradition Itprovidesameansforre-examiningthedichotomybetweenthevillageand y. thecit
- Withanewruralarchitectureindustry,per-fabricationandconstructionwillestablish thefo dationforanewdefinitionforruralarchitecture.Itwillnotonlyhelppreserve - construction TRANSFORMATION
Old Residents
Villagers Bamboo Crafts Village is a traditional and lack of modernist element for building construction. It is a innovative thing to make us to know the York’s art and literature in this cultural town
We can’t afford expensive studio fee in York. We need to have a open space to think about the art work
Current Users
Kids
Students
This area of the site have become a local residence area. There’s lack of playground and indoor learning space in our living districts. Playground is a compulsory thing for us to construct in our community
I am university of York student. There are far away from my campus and lack of learning facilities in the community. We can have a comfortable study space nearby my apartments
Future Users
Young Resident The housing estate I live has been built for at least 4-5 years, and the housing estate is just opposite of the site. Most residents think that the community need to have a leisure space for us to enjoy the time in the weekend
TRADITIONAL VILLAGE
NEW ARCHITECTURE
Promote the bamboo craftsmanship / Weaving
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[MANIFESTO]
“What does the traditional Bamboo Weaving want to be?” Typically, bamboo weaves were used in the small-scale paper objects — a torus and a basket — or medium-size bamboo structures, like a tunnelling garden trellis built with bamboo. Eventually, the traditional bamboo weaving should be transformed through
The skills of weave, interlace and knit …
Bamboo is a protagonist to represent a three characteristic Connection, versatility and nature to transform the architecture language Connection
“Proto-Vernaculararchitectureshouldultimatelyaimtoreconnect - topeop ing,andnature” Versatility
“Amaterialcanbeeasilymanipulatedtomorphwiththelandscape,shouldnot restrictedtostandardshapesandframes” Nature
Amaterialisapositivecontributiontoazero-carbonenvironment,toanecess allpeople,andnotjustapoormaterial.
98
The goal of the village was to envisage structures — woven from bamboo, a sustainable and local resource — to provide shade for the workshops or structures that would filter sunlight and wind flow. Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 9
9
DESIGN LANGUAGE
Initial models portraying to the appearance of Grid-Shell
[QUADRILATERAL]
[TRIANGULAR]
[HYBRID]
BASIC GEOMETRY
? Unknown Pattern
Hybrid Pattern
TRIM GEOMETRY
FUNICULAR FORM
PROJECTED RIBS
ADVANTAGE
- Moveable - Generally no planar faces - Continuous Edges - Two families of Curves - Dual to Itself
- Stable - Planar Faces - Continuous Faces - Three families of Curves - Dual to hexagonal network
- Instable - Generally no planar faces - Non-continuous Edges - Four or Five families of curve - Dual to itself
Transparent Basket Surface
Simple Basket Pattern
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CHAPTER 7 Design Proposal -CaseStudies -DesignProposal -SitePerspective -DesignProcess -SitePlan
-MasterPlan -FloorPlan -SectionDrawing -StructuralDiagram Rendering
Case Study 1 Project Type : Pavilion Name: Oasis, Terra Botanic Location: Angers, France Design: Déambulons Total Area : 600 sqm The primary objective of Oasis is to decorate the vast space it was meant to occupy. However, the architects saw the monumental project as an opportunity to highlight an alternate sustainable-driven means of construction. While the tremendous scale of the project may imply a combination of several building elements, the canopy in fact employs only a limited number of materials in comparison to its dimensions. “Building with less and more natural material is one of our best goals to create sustainable designs,” relays Déambulons. (STIRworld. 2020).
The crossing bamboo mesh of Oasis creating unique shadows
The organic, wavy shape of Déambulons’ Oasis installation
Aerial view of Oasis with its strip bamboo mesh covering Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 105
Case Studies 2 Project Type : Culture / Leisure Name: Renovation of Wencun Village Location: FuYang , China Architect : Amateur Architecture Studio Wang Shu and Lu Wenyu have been studying villages in China for years, documenting the slow decline of rural towns as the nation has run headlong into a new urbanized era. These villages are the last bastions of a way of life, and a fading traditional architecture. Wang and Lu hope to preserve both, without rebuilding the past: Instead, their Hangzhou-based firm Amateur Architecture Studio is designing new buildings based on traditional forms that aim to rejuvenate these areas—and maybe even lure young people back from cities. To integrate the new buildings and the rest of the village, Wang and Lu worked with some local homeowners to renovate—or even rebuild—their own self-built houses in the older section of the village to embrace the style of Amateur Architecture Studio’s new designs. That, plus new bridges, pavilions, and even a school, help extend the aesthetic throughout Wencun. The hope is that this intervention can serve as a model for other such villages, but, she argues, it cannot simply be copied. “The most critical point is how to maintain the rich diversity of Chinese rural culture,” (Berg,2018).
Master Plan
View southeast along the stream that runs through Wencun,
View of new pavilions that create public space in the old sections of the village Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 107
SITE PERSPECTIVE
DESIGN PROPOSAL
Covered Courtyard
- The Bamboo Craft Village is a positive result of In Bamboo project, which was originally from- a traditional Chi nesepoem,describingtheidealrelationshipbetweenhouseanditsruralbambooforestsurroundings. (Shuang,2018). The - projectaimstodemonstrateanewbamboolanguagehowarchitecturecaninteractwithtraditional bam booweavingtechniques.Itprovidesameansforre-examiningthenewspacebetweenthevillageandthecity. With a new rural architecture industry, per-fabrication and construction will establish the foundation of a new definitionforruralarchitectureinthevillage
Site Area
Public Space
Artist Studio
Workshop Machine Space
Library
Tea House
Manor House
Buildings
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STORY BOARD
The exploration of traditional Chinese village space
MAIN ENTRANCE
SITE AREA
BUILDING FUNCTION
Thesiteareaisintheoldpartof Bamboocraftsvillages
TheyellowisaBambooweaving Centre. Thepurpleisahouseandtearoom
SITE AREA
ARTIST STUDIO HOUSE
CIRCULATION
LOADING / UNLOADING AREA
LANDSCAPE AREA
ThePedestriancirculationisfromthe Thedarkredisloadingand Conservethelandscapeareainthe Unloadingareaformaterialdelivery frontentranceofworkshop housecourtyard
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
LOADING AREA
Tree
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 1
DESIGN PROCESS How does the covered workshop works in the village
PEOPLE ACTIVITIES
Thepublicareaissituatedinthecentreof Bamboocraftsvillages.
COVERED AREA
Proposedthecoverareainthe Publicspace.
BAMBOO GRIDSHELL STRUCTURE
BUILDING CONNECTION
COURTYARD IN THE COLUMN
Constructthegridshellstructuretocreateanew Thenewcourtyardspaceisconnectedto coveredcanopy theadjacentbuilding
Designatedthecourtyardinthe columnofthestructure
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 13
SITE PLAN
The studies of Bamboo Craft Village
1 Old Part of Village
N
2 1TeenagersCampgrounds
Farm 2TheFifthSpace
Farm 3
3TheTouristCentre
KEY New Architecture in Village Main Road
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 15
MASTER PLAN
N
The studies of Bamboo Craft Village
CNC Machine
CNC Machine Courtyard
Farm
Robotic Arm
KEY
Public Space
Artist Studio
Band Saw
Reception Farm
Craft Markets Workshop Storage Library Dwellings
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 17
FLOOR PLAN
N
The studies of Bamboo Craft Village
5
5 6 7
7 5 9
11
8 5 4
10
KEY
2
1
3
1.Library 2.LivingSpace 3.RoboticArmRoom 4. Courtyard 5. Bedroom 6.LivingSpace 7. Kitchen 8. Storage 9.CNCMachine1 10.CNCMachine2 1.TeaRoom
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SECTION A-A
Band Saw
Public Space
Courtyard 2
Corridor
Courtyard 4
Corridor
Courtyard
Public Space
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 12
12
SECTION B-B
12
Bedroom
Corridor
Courtyard 1
Corridor
Courtyard 2
Corridor
Library
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 123
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STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM The Bamboo Gridshell Structure
Membrane
Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Tensile Skin
Bamboo Gridshell Structure
U-Beam Structure for Building connection
Aerial View - Bamboo Gridshell Structure
200mm Concrete Pedestal
Roof Tiles Bamboo Culms Rope Tie
Bolt
Bolts
L-Shape Steel Beam
Steel Tube Bamboo Culms
Reinforced Concrete Footing
Fish mouth Joint
200mm(H) Pedestal
Bamboo Dowel
Footing
Bamboo Culm
Bamboo Lashing Joint Details Section
Bamboo Footing Details Section
Bamboo Connection Details Section
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Concept Image
ENVIRONMENTAL DETAILS Rainwater and Drainage System
Thesustainablecourtyarddesignisusingthelow-tech technique to collect and reuse rainwater to flush the toiletsanduseitforbamboosteambendingandapply to evaporate cooling by using the heat of the sun and thewindtofreshentheairunderthecanopy
Inside-out
Natural Ventilation
Rainwater Harvesting
Natural Sunlight
Library House
Water Tank
Water Tank
126
Rain Path & Drainage System Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 127
127
ENTRANCE
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COURTYARD SPACE
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 13
THE WORK SPACE
Kung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 13
THE SPACE WITH CNC MACHINE
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THE SPACE WITH ROBOTIC ARM
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AERIAL VIEW
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REFERENCE AND IMAGE RESOURCE Atelier Deshaus. (2020 ). Tea House in Li Garden / Atelier Deshaus. https://www.archdaily.com/803636/ tea-house-in-li-garden-atelier-deshaus Baldwin, E. (2018).ChineseCourtyards: 8 Contemporary Takes on a Classic Form. https://architizer.com/ blog/inspiration/collections/courtyard-housing-1/. Bamboo Botanical. (2020). Bamboo Anatomy And Growth Habits. Bamboo Botanical. https://bamboobotanicals.ca/html/about-bamboo/bamboo-growth-habits.html BAMBU BATU . (2020). Where does bamboo come from? https://bambubatu.com/where-does-bamboocome-from/ Berg, N. (2018). Renovation of Wencun Village. architectmagazine. https://www.architectmagazine. com/project-gallery/renovation-of-wencun-village_o H, Shuang. (2018). Bamboo Craft Village / Archi-Union Architects. Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/894982/bamboo-craft-village-archi-union-architects Heringer, A. (2017). Anandaloy: Centre for People with disabilities + Dipdii Textiles studio. https://www.anna-heringer.com/projects/anandaloy/ Minke, G. (2016). Building with Bamboo: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture Second and Revised Edition. Birkhäuser. Shuang, H. (2018). Bamboo Craft Village / Archi-Union Architects. Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/894982/bamboo-craft-village-archi-union-architects STIRworld. (2020). Déambulons build Europe’s largest bamboo structure for Terra Botanica theme park. stirworld. https://www.stirworld.com/see-news-deambulons-build-europe-s-largest-bamboo-structure-forterra-botanica-theme-park UCL Bartlett (2016 , August 1). X Bamboo design project 2014-2015 [Video]. UCL, Bartlett . https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=yBd6zS7zQ0c XYLOTEK. (2020). Timber Gridshells. xylotek. https://www.xylotek.co.uk/gridshells Year Chinese Courtyard. (2015). Traditional chinese courtyards.. Year Chinese Courtyard.. https://fuckyeahchinesegarden.tumblr.com/post/132896269189/traditional-chinese-courtyards Zhaoyang Architects. (2016 ). Zhu’an Residence / Zhaoyang Architects. https://www.archdaily. com/783906/zhuan-residence-yang-zhao-peigen-shang Schmid, F. (2021 ). Digital Bamboo on display. https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2021/02/digital-bamboo-on-display.html Gibson, E. (2016). Arching bamboo events pavilion in Hong Kong showcases digital fabrication. https:// www.dezeen.com/2016/11/22/zcb-bamboo-pavilion-students-chinese-university-of-hong-kong-worldKung Hin Fai | Weave the Bamboo Space | OSA DS2 14