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ISSUE 6/2016 | JUNE 2016 | ISSN 2397-1355 (Print) ISSN 2397-1363 (Online)

INSIDE THIS ISSUE REGULATIONS:

• Electrical Industry Bodies

NEWS:

• CIOB The Chartered Institute of Building • London Construction Awards • New PPE rules

EDUCATION:

• Corruption in Construction • Structural concrete and wooden floors • Project Benchmarking

TECHNOLOGIES: • Structural timber

ESTIMATION:

• Timber-frame ceiling construction

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FROM EDITOR

PUBLISHER/EDITOR IBB Polish Building Wholesale EDITORIAL OFFICE 18 Gorst Rd, Park Royal NW10 6LE London T: 020 8965 7972 E: editor@IBBbuilder.co.uk www.IBBbuilder.co.uk EDITOR Magdalena Rosół E: mrosol@ibb.pl DESIGN Perfect Design Group Ltd T: 020 8856 5224 E: office@perfectdesigngroup.com www.perfectdesigngroup.com PRINT Precision Colour Printing Ltd Haldane, Halesfield 1 Telford, Shropshire, TF7 4QQ IMAGE STOCK shutterstock.com We are the winner

Most Cost Effective Building Merchant UK 2015

MOBILE BUILDING CALCULATOR

Hello Readers, June is all about exciting news! Let’s start with big congratulations to the IBB Polonia London VC and supporters! This month edition is featuring the summary of the terrific IBB Polonia performance in the past season. IBB Polonia won the Super Man 8 League, the National Cup and became the Champions of England! First hat-trick in the club's history! Dive inside the issue to go through memories of these amazing achievements. We cannot mention about the grand opening of our new branch in Manchester. Yes IBB merchant is there, you can pop in and shop in our new depot. Find details about Manchester branch inside! We also included a brief memory of our participation as an exhibitor at the construction event- North England Build in Manchester last month. Best construction fairs so far, we have made the most of it- IBB Builder was warmly welcomed over there! Lastly, the official launch of our new websites! New designs, new features, new clear navigation, great search options, mobile ready versions! See it for yourself: www.ibb.uk - navigate to all our websites, check monthly deals, get updates on IBB sponsorship and IBB Therm... www.ibbmerchant.uk - search for products, check prices, buy materials... www.ibbestimator.uk - run application, learn with IBB... www.ibbbuilder.uk - stay tuned for IBB Builder updates, read magazine, subscribe... When it comes to regulations, the new PPE rules were introduced and more about it inside. We have prepared for you also the comprehensive information about the electrical industry bodies. This summary will hopefully allow you to choose what are the benefits of membership, where to register

and where to look for support. There is also article about The Chartered Institute of Building with which you can build your career path in the construction sector. If you have not heard yet about the project benchmarking and the benefits it offers for business development, check this month builder education section. For all readers interested in technologies in this issue we cover topics on timber, which is the major constituent of our homes. There are regulars included – the materials comparison section and estimation. Moreover, in builder education there are details about concrete and timber floor construction. Hope you will find it helpful. What do you think about corruption in the construction sector? Last month The Prime Minister held the Anti-Corruption Summit to find and agree on solutions to tackle this economy cancer. However, in overall its presence in the construction industry is rarely discussed. A brief insight into this matter is included on our pages this month. Recommended reading! All other regulars included - tennis, humour, monthly deals... Look inside for more... Magdalena Rosół Editor

CONTENTS

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06 12 18 23

CONSTRUCTION NEWS CIOB The Chartered Institute of Building CPD is a condition of CIOB membership London Construction Awards London Build Expo 2016 New PPE rules New Safety Helmet Colour Code

BUILDING REGULATIONS Electrical Industry Bodies

BUILDER EDUCATION Corruption in Construction

BUILDER EDUCATION Software App Website Version

28 30 37

BUILDER EDUCATION Project Benchmarking

BUILDER EDUCATION Structural Concrete & Wooden Floors

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES Structural Timber

CONTENTS

43 48 56

ESTIMATION Timber-frame ceiling construction

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

TENNIS

60 61 62 66

LONDON EAGLES FC

FOOTBALL

ENTERTAINMENT

IBB MONTHLY DEALS

MANCHESTER OUR NEW BRANCH NOW OPEN

Unit 24 Piccadilly Trading Estate | Manchester M1 2NP | 07500786939 | sales@ibb.pl 5

CONSTRUCTION NEWS

CIOB The Chartered Institute of Building

The Chartered Institute of Building was founded as the builder’s society and one of its founders, Sir Samuel Morton Peto was behind some of London's most iconic buildings and monuments including Nelson's column and the Houses of Parliament. It was incorporated by the Companies House and became the Institute of Builders, later the Chartered Institute of Building registered as a charity. Focus was put on education in the management areas for site supervisors and managers. Membership with CIOB is the great foundation in the management in construction industry. CIOB is the largest construction management network in the world with members in more than 100 countries. CIOB qualifications are prestigious, well recognised and trusted. There are various options to obtain the Chartered title with CIOB. The membership options depend on the stage of career, skills and experience the applicant is during the registration process. There is non-chartered membership option for those entering the industry and students. Full Chartered Membership with various benefits or the Fellowship which is the top membership option, for those with

at least five years of senior-level industry experience. Membership fees vary from country to country and costs depends on qualifications, experience and employment history. For further information, contact memenquiry@ciob.org.uk See more at:https://www.ciob.org/ grades#sthash.o0ctBrgb.dpuf CIOB represents, supports and sets standards for a wide range of construction professionals. Amongst great benefits CIOB offers like international recognition, quality work, access to the news, there is the interactive CPD portal when members have access to comprehensive knowledge database with subject ranging from BIM, Asset Management, Estimating, Planning, Refurbishment, Health and Safety and much more. CIOB offers the highest level of construction education. It published the range of professional magazines. There is the range of courses available for commercial and management skills, building energy and sustainability, BIM training for construction professionals, construction project management,

health and safety, waste management in construction and much more. The CIOB London branch is pioneering in the construction industry as London remains one of the busiest and most expensive construction markets in the world. CIOB London has a main branch committee with the Sustainability Support Group (SSG) and together they host a programme of CPD events and promote the Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv) qualification. Also, the CIOB London has a high profile Novus committee, whose volunteers support those in education as well as provide CPD, site visits and networking opportunities. CIOB London hosts the Celebration Dinner: ’50 Years of Building London’ which will be held on the 17th June 2016, One Whitehall Place, London SW1A 2EJ. It will be an anniversary event with dining, entertainment and networking attended by the industry professionals. Tickets are limited, to book contact Brooke Grange on bgrange@ciob.org.uk. See more at: http://www.ciob.org/nearyou/ london#sthash.WUuHCvdv.dpuf

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CIOB is the world’s largest and most influential professional body for construction management and leadership. Since 1834 CIOB is supporting the construction industry. It is a membership organisation and members are involved in the building sector. CIOB accredit university degrees, courses and training. Moreover, it offers professional qualification courses.

CONSTRUCTION EVENTS CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a condition of CIOB membership

UPCOMING COURSES:

99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

BIM training - 14-22 June - London Hazardous Waste Regulations - 8 June - Northampton Introduction to Building Physics - 14 June - London Responsible Sourcing - 21 June - Loughborough Managing Contracts - 23-24 June - London Asbestos Awareness - 29 June - London BREEAM Awarenes -30 June - Watford BIM training - 12 July - London

Every CIOB member has to accept the CPD requirement and continue his career development by taking part in training and recording CPD activity for regular self-assessment and yearly review by the professionals. CPD activity can be registered via CIOB website or Construction Manager website

throughout the year. The CIOB gives members access to free CPD modules. There is structured CPD (courses, training, certifications, events, conferences, online learning) or informal one that includes reading and sharing knowledge with others). (source:CIOB)

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CPD is any learning that broad the knowledge and skills. It is inevitable in maintaining the professional competence. The need of CPD is due to fast changing practices in the industry and overall in business. The future construction sector needs professionals with digital skills and skills on sustainability and environment. Knowledge and skills have to reflect the rapidly changing construction industry. CPD helps to improve project outcomes and enhance business opportunities. Invest with CIOB in your own learning and development. CPD is the process of consistent learning and regular assessment with an ongoing programme of training. It helps to make progress in a career path while maintaining the professional status. Learning is available on a flexible basis to develop the most required skills. Knowledge and skills are exchanged with other members.

CONSTRUCTION NEWS

London Construction Awards The leading and most prestigious construction awards for London The most prestigious construction awards for London will take place on 26th October 2016 during the London Build Expo. These awards are designated for contractors, architects, developers, local authorities, service companies from London construction industry. The awards are free to enter and companies will be assessed by the senior level construction professionals and experts from across of industry.

AWARDS CATEGORIES

London Construction Awards will discover and pick the winners who have been pursuing innovation and quality services to move the construction sector further. Any business that will get to the final will receive a trophy, certificate and logo for the achievement. The award ceremony is attended by various journalists who will have opportunities to interview the finalists and winners. To enter awards fill the form on www.londonbuildexpo.com and submit all relevant documents plus a 1000 word description of why your company should win in the selected category. All entries must be submitted before 24th June 2016.

Contractor of the Year

(source: LCA www.londonbuildexpo.com )

Health and Safety Solution of The Year

Innovation of the Year- Manufacturing

This award celebrates outstanding contribution to improved H&S in the industry.

Innovation in products, services and/or methods that have resulted in significant improvements in the industry.

Sustainable Construction Award

This award celebrates those who have focused on the importance of development in construction industry without the ability for future developments.

Supplier of the Year

Regeneration Project of the Year

Project Design of the Year

Outstanding achievement in the regeneration of a site or an area, project must have elements completed by July 1st 2016.

This award celebrates the achievements of architects who have created something that is unique, sympathetic to the environment, & functional for the current era.

Supplier of the year is a company that provides quality, on time, every time.

Focusing on the overall contribution by a main contractor to the London landscape. Judged upon quality of projects and the limitations of disruption to the local environment.

Marketing initiative of the Year

Innovation of the Year- Software

London Build Excellence Award

Recognition of the importance of software and technology in the industry, focus on radical improvements as a result of implementation of this software.

This award celebrates the outstanding contribution of an individual to London’s construction industry over the year, voted by our judges and, for the first time, the general public.

Innovation of the Year- Materials

Apprenticeship Scheme of the Year

Innovation in products, services and/or methods that have resulted in significant improvements in the industry.

This award will reward ambitious and creative schemes to encourage young people into the construction industry.

This award celebrates an outstanding campaign for either a project or a company, from internal or external marketing teams.

LONDON BUILD EXPO 2016 In May this year IBB Polish Building Wholesale was exhibiting at the NORTH ENGLAND BUILD in Manchester. The very busy expo was attended by the major construction companies and all involved in construction industry in North England. We promoted our newly opened IBB branch in Manchester and distributed IBB Builder magazine. As the event was highly successful we will participate in its London edition this year- London Build Expo 2016 at the Olympia on October 26th & 27th! London Build 2016 is the leading and only construction exhibition to focus exclusively on construction opportunities in London and the South East of England.

Event will feature: • 300+ international exhibitors and thousands of quality attendees showcasing the latest projects, developments, investment and opportunities in and around the Capital. • 100+ conference sessions & CPD accredited workshops. • Live demonstrations with businesses showcasing their latest products.

Moreover there will be: • The Market Intelligence Zone- insight into the latest construction projects in greater London which provides the opportunity for networking and one-on-one meetings • The Architects Zone-an exclusive area for architects to engage • Recruitment Zone- opportunity to meet with recruiters, to get advice and to participate in training • Meet the Buyers VIP sessions

CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Construction Enquirer Awards 2016 Construction Enquirer Awards 2016 will be held on 18th October 2016 and will recognise the best companies in the industry. Participating firms will be assessed and rated by their employees and suppliers online. In each award category, there will be ten finalists following the public vote. The winner in each category will be revealed on the 18th October at the Vox, NEC Birmingham. The awards ceremony will be held during UK Construction Week. The Construction Enquirer Awards are free to enter and companies can nominate themselves in a category with qualifying turnover and employees, or suppliers can submit firms they work for. The following award categories are open to register: • Best Main Contractor to Work For • Best Specialist Contractor to Work For • Best Construction Supplier to Work For • Best Main Contractor to Work With • Best Client to Work With Top ten companies will be recognised as the best construction companies in the UK to work with. Awards will inform the prospective clients and workers that the company is reliable and

trusted. All Top Ten winners will receive a certificate and branded promotional materials to advertise their success on site hoardings, marketing campaigns etc. Ultimate winners in each category will receive a trophy during the ceremony. The closing date for submission is mid June when the voting begins. The finalists will be revealed on the 1st August while the final will be held on the 18th October during the Construction week.

RIBA Contract risks The analysis done by Contractors Legal Group (CLG) and Build UK have raised the concerns that contractors should ensure they know their obligations when entering the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) following contract documentsRIBA Concise Building Contract or RIBA Domestic Building Contract. It has been proved that in both contracts the risk is heavily put on the contractor as under their conditions contractor can lose the right to an additional payment in respect of any changes to works if he does not provide the written notice to the contract administrator within 10 days of the notification of changes. The Concise Building Contract covers small commercial building projects while the Domestic Building Contract is designed for all types of noncommercial work, including renovations, extensions, maintenance and new buildings. Moreover BUILD UK states that there are no additional subcontracts for works to be carried out under the RIBA contracts. Currently RIBA is reviewing these contracts and will publish the revised editions soon.

Submit your entry on http://www.ukconstructionweek.com/construction-enquirer-awards/ enter/submit-your-entry

BOOK REVIEW

Writing Construction Claims and Responses: Effective Writing and Presentation by Andy Hewitt This book covers aspects of various claims appearing in the construction process and provides the step by step guide on how to create a claim. It covers claims for variations, extensions of time or additional payments and all other arising from the construction contract. Claims are presented with professional wording that should be used to create a claim and what arguments to include to make it successful. It is a very practical guide which explains the approach to the preparation of claims and responses. It is very helpful guidance for every contractor or manager dealing with the construction project. It includes interesting examples of situations that occur during construction contracts. A highly recommended tool to successful construction contract claims.

The guide covers: •

The various types of claim.

•

How the claim may be split into sections deal-

April

2016

ing with the details of the contract, the cause, the effect, entitlement and quantum. •

What this section is attempting to demonstrate or achieve and why.

•

What should be included within the section and why.

•

Worked examples of typical claims and responses with sample wording.

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CONSTRUCTION NEWS

New PPE rules Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is designated to be worn for protection against the risks to person’s health and safety.

The PPE Directive was over 20 years old (the PPE Directive (89/686/EEC) so for it to reflect the changing environment of construction sites a new PPE Regulation (EU) 2016/425 was introduced by the European Parliament in March this year. The new PPE Regulation is mandatory and there is now a period of two years transition for EU member states to adapt to new rules. It governs conditions and basic safety requirements which must be met to ensure the health, safety and protection of the user. The separate law governs the employer's obligations under the suitability, provision, maintenance, instruction and use of PPE- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulations 1992. Main changes include: • Changing life jackets and hearing protection Category from II (intermediate) to Category III (complex) • Requirement to supply a Declaration of Conformity with each PPE or information where it can be obtained

• • •

A compulsory maximum five-year certificate validity Responsibilities outlined for importers and distributors Bespoke PPE covered in the Regulation

Adjustments are directed into the supply chain and include reclassifying some products, establishing a five-year limit on CE certificates and highlighting the obligations of all manufacturers and suppliers. Under new rules, the distributor of safety products in Europe is liable for full manufacturer’s obligations. Identification of products might be difficult for a customer while the responsibility lies on manufacturer and distributor to ensure products meet the safety requirements. It is recommended to rely on CE mark and always buy it in trusted trade outlets. In the case of concerns, the client can ask the supplier to present the original certification for PPE equipment

or ask the manufacturer to prove their process for sample testing and quality assurance. It is good to ensure that suppliers are members of the British Safety Industry Federation (BSIF) Registered Safety Supplier Scheme. Moreover, products certified with the BSI Kitemark are rigorously tested to the latest standards. BSI is a business standards company and notified body for the PPE.

Safety & Health Expo 2016 On the 21-23 June 2016 in Excel London, there will be Safety & Health Expo with exhibitors presenting their products from health and safety, facilities, service management, fire and security. This event is an opportunity to broaden knowledge at the range of seminars and in training and career zone. Attending this event will help to stay up to date with all regulations and remain compliant. Register to attend at www.safety-health-expo.co.uk

CONSTRUCTION NEWS

New Safety Helmet Colour Code BLACK

Head injuries are one of the most common accidents in the construction industry. The worker might be hit by various falling objects, accidental bumping or by objects being moved on the construction site. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) recently informed about the case where a roofing firm from Malton has been found guilty of safety breaches and fined £10,000 with £1,355 costs after a worker suffered severe skull injury following a fall from height during work on a construction company’s office. HSE investigation proved there was no risk assessment carried before work commencement and no precautions have been taken to avoid falls from the roof. To reduce the risk of such accidents an appropriate type of safety helmets should be used. The helmet should meet the required parameters like shock absorption, resistance to penetration, adjustable fit, etc. First of all the risk of any injury on the site should be assessed, controlled and reduced before works commencement. The safety helmets do not prevent head injury accidents but only reduce the severity. Other preventive methods include installation of toeboards, erection of nets and fans or securing the risky elements on site, etc. The contractor has the legal obligation under Regulation 48 of the Con-

•

RED

struction Sites (Safety) Regulations (Subsidiary legislation of Chapter 59) to provide each worker employed on the site with a suitable safety helmet and to ensure that no one remains on the site without the head protection. A safety helmet protects against impact with the force of the impact spread over the surface of the head lessening the chance of injury. To achieve the purpose, stringent performance/test requirements apply to safety helmets. The shell and harness are two primary components of the safety helmet. They have to fulfil certain mandatory requirements of international/ national standards on the constructional features like the helmet profile, the clearances between the shell and the harness at various locations or the adjustable increments of headband and nape strap. The materials for safety helmets should be of durable quality. The following helmets colours will have to be implemented on all new construction sites. All helmets must meet British Standard BS EN 397.

SUPERVISOR

•

SLINGER/SIGNALLER

WHITE •

SITE MANAGER

•

COMPETENT ORERATIVE

•

VEHICLE MARSHAL (distinguished by the wearing of a different coloured high visibility vest)

BLUE •

FIRST AIDER

FIRE MARSHAL

ALL THOSE COMING TO SITE WHO DO NOT FALL INTO ANY OF THE ABOVE CATEGORIES

GREEN RED

FIRST AIDER STICKER

FIRE MARSHAL STICKER

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Electrical Industry

Bodies There are various organisations supporting contractors working in the electrical industry. To mention a few we can distinguish between The Electrical Contratcorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association, NICEIC registration scheme or The Electrical Safety First charity and the Electrical Safety Council. The Institute of Engineering and Technology sets standards for electrical installation and most of the regulations, updates, standards and technical advice can be found on their website. The Joint Industry Board is responsible for the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS)

The Electrical Contractorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association (ECA) ECA represents the contractors who design, install and inspect the electrical services in the UK. It was set up in 1901 and its main aims are to provide support to members, to cooperate with the regulatory bodies in the UK and to promote the registered members. Moreover, in addition to the ECA there is a subsidiary company, EC Insurance Company (ECIC). ECIC provides insurance products specified for contractors from the UK electrical engineering and building services sector. The members of ECA range from small contractors to large companies working on both private and public projects. The membership provides the electrical contractors with the access to technical guidance, support services, pension scheme or insurance options,

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BUILDING REGULATIONS discounted training, discounts on various publications. Moreover, it provides the bond, warranty and guarantee of work schemes. There are some joining criteria like the requirement to carry on the electrical work continuously for at least a year; the turnover level to be of minimum £30k per annum with all accounting records available for the request; valid public liability insurance of £2mln; valid employer liability insurance; proper health and safety policy in place. Moreover, a contractor has to take part in the ECA Membership Certification Scheme or the'Deemed to Satisfy' Scheme. The contractor also has to carry out electrical work that complies with the latest Wiring Regulations from the British Standards Institution (BSI) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), or other relevant Building Regulations and British Standards. To carry out a domestic work the contractor has to be registered with the government scheme for Part P of the Building Regulations. There is a fixed basic subscription fee based on the contractor’s turnover. All ECA members can register for free in the Joint Industry Board (JIB) and are entitled to join the Electrical Safety Register. If the ECA joining criteria are not met there is an option to register as the registered associate and have access to support services like advisors, work guarantee scheme or discounted training courses (annual fee of £150+VAT applies). For accurate details refer to ECA website. Members of ECA receive the access to the online service e-RAMS. It is a tool designed to create free risk assessments and method statements for various projects. It can be used for multiple construction projects and activities and it is fully personalised with possibility to upload photos and logos. The assessments are numerical and method statements are based on templates. E-RAMS give the possibility to produce the detailed reports quickly and all created assessments are stored and available to download at all times. It is only available to members of ECA. ECA Guarantee, Warranty Scheme and Bond provide the member’s clients with the assurance that their works meet the highest standards and statutory requirements. The Electrical Installation Certificate is issued once work completed what confirms the work has been installed correctly. Domestic Work may also require the issuing of a Part ‘P’ Certificate, to show the new electrical installation complies with the relevant sections of The Building Regulations. The ECA’s Guarantee Scheme provides cover on all contracts up to £50k in value, it is valid for six years from the works completion, and is subject to a maximum limit of £100,000 (incl. VAT) for the same client in any one year. The ECA’s Warranty Scheme applies for general electrical works. It is for the contract values of more than the

BUILDER EDUCATION BUILDING REGULATIONS

Guarantee’s limit of £50,000. It is subject to the maximum limit that appears on the individual ECA Member Certificate. The ECA’s Bond Scheme is helpful when the member’s work contract is terminated due to failing to comply with standards or due to insolvency. The claim will be possible if the Member has issued, at commencement, a valid Bond Certificate and specified costs will be reimbursed by the Association. ECA Membership Certification Scheme is based on regular assessments to ensure the services provided by members meet the statutory requirements and industry standards. There are two options - the UKAS-accredited ECA Membership Certification Scheme for BS7671 electrical installation work and a scheme for all other areas of work, including controls, high voltage, security, audio visual, data and telecommunications, outside the scope of BS7671. Assessments are carried on by the Assessor and usually take one working day to complete. There are non-technical reviews of all documents with the appointed principal deputy holder and qualified supervisors. The assessment involves the test of equipment and working practices. The second part involves site visits which are conducted every 3 to 6 months. Membership Certification Scheme assessment checklist: • An appropriate Principle Duty Holder has been appointed • An appropriate Qualified Supervisor(s) has been nominated • Evidence of the nominated Qualified Supervisor(s) qualifications (if applicable to the scheme, please see Appendix 1), their competence and understanding of the role • Evidence of management control methods and policies • Sample of company documentation • Certificates and schedules of insurance • Health & Safety Policy Statement and where applicable, risk assessment procedures • A sample of written estimates and/or contracts • Complaint log or register • Current editions of relevant National and

•

• • •

•

• •

Industry Standards, Statutory Legislation and guidance relevant to the work activities being assessed An adequate number of test instruments and test leads relevant to the work activities being assessed Evidence of method to maintain accuracy of test instruments If applicable, evidence of hired test instruments with calibration Procedures for isolation lock-off for live testing and energising installations, if relevant to the work activities being assessed A representative sample of certificates, inspection reports and a list of all installation work carried out in the last three years or since your last assessment A range of possible sites to assist the site visit selection process All the relevant documentation and certification relating to the selected sites (www.eca.co.uk)

National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting (NICEIC) NICEIC is the voluntary registration scheme for electrical contractors. NICEIC is assessing the competence of electricians and maintaining the database of trusted contractors. Members are provided with training opportunities, updates on innovations, advice and certification. NICEIC has the reputation amongst customers and their registered contractors are recognised as working to the highest standards. To become members of NICEIC contractors have to pass the assessment process and are regularly audited to confirm the compliance with the scheme. NICEIC certifies contractors at the range of schemes: NICEIC Approved Contractor – this scheme covers all type of works from design or maintenance to domestic and commercial installations. The NICEIC Domestic Installer - this scheme covers electrical contractors who do electrical projects in domestic properties. It is important to use a Domestic Installer to comply with the requirements of Part P. Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) - this scheme is specially designated for those

working with green technologies like solars, biomass, heat pumps or wind turbines. Using MCS approved contractor is often the requirement in the application for government grants. Competent Persons Scheme - this scheme covers other works in domestic projects like plumbing or heating Green Deal Installer or Green Deal Advisors - installer scheme is for contractors providing services of insulation, damp proofing, glazing and heating while advisors scheme certifies all contractors by assessing the suitability for the energy saving solutions. PAT Testing - Portable appliance testing (PAT) supports contractors to meet their obligations under health & safety regulations. Hazardous Areas - this scheme covers a range of services connected with flammable and explosive products, for instance at petrol filling stations. The NICEIC registered contractors can selfcertify their works meet Part P regulations on site by using the online tool, which allows notifying the Local Building Control instantly. The online account allows the contractor to keep the database of their projects and certifications and access it anytime. Moreover, all customers are covered by the NICEIC Platinum Promise with complaints procedure. It is an assurance that any work that has not been carried out in compliance with the building regulations will be rect fied. This guarantee is for 6 years and to a maximum of £25,000. Also, NICEIC offers consultancy, training and events for electrical contractors to improve the standards of their work. To apply for NICEIC schemes visit their website and call to process the application. To apply for the for the Approved Contractor Scheme, the following requirements apply: • You need to undertake the electrical installation work • You need to appoint a Principal Duty Holder and nominate one or more Qualified Supervisors. • Have premises and equipment appropriate to the range and scale of electrical work you undertake, including test instruments suitable for carrying out the range of tests required by BS 7671

BUILDING REGULATIONS

• •

•

• • •

Keep records of test equipment used for certification and reporting Hold current editions of BS 7671 and other technical reference documents relevant to the range and scale of electrical work you undertake Enable the inspection of your work undertaken in the last 12 months and complying with BS 7671 and relevant codes of practice Hold at least £2 million Public Liability Insurance Maintain a record of any complaints and remedial actions Have a written Health and Safety Policy Statement and carry out risk assessments (www.niceic.com)

BUILDING REGULATIONS

What is part P? Part P is the legal regulations ensuring the standard in construction works of buildings covering structure, fire safety, sound insulation, drainage, ventilation and electrical safety. The Part P requirement with regards to electrical work is that “Reasonable provision shall be made in the design and installation of electrical installations in order to protect persons operating, maintaining or altering the installations from fire or injury.” It applies to fixed electrical installations in domestic properties including gardens and shared amenities in case of blocks of flats. Under Part P of the Building Regulations all electrical works have to be notified to and inspected by the local authority Building Control department. The homeowner must prove that all electrical installations on their property meet the requirements of Part P. If unable to prove it is a criminal offence. Contractors approved and registered with the ECA or NICEIC schemes can self-certify their work complies with the Part P of the Building Regulations. Other electrical works regulations include electrical industry standards and legal requirements: • The British standard 7671 is referred to indirectly in the Electricity at Work (1989) Regulations (via the HS(R)25 document) and directly in the Approved Document for Part P of the Building Regulations. It does not form a law but plays a significant role in the electrical industry. • The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 – impose regulations on employers with regards to their electrical work and health and safety. It covers the design, construction, operation and maintenance of electrical systems. • The Building Act 1984 & 2000: The Building Regulations - stem from the main Act of Parliament, the Building Act 1984. Part P legal requirement. Electrical work that has to be notified to a local building authority in England: • circuit alteration or addition in a special location (certain zones within a room containing a bath or shower, or a room containing a swimming pool or sauna heater) • installation of one or more new circuits • installation of a replacement consumer unit (fuse box) • rewire of all circuits • partial rewire • new full electrical installation (new build) Please note that this requirement varies for Wales and for a detailed information contact your local building authority.

The Electrical Safety First The Electrical Safety First is the UK leading charity and technical authority on the electrical safety which aims to educate to use electricity safely and reduce deaths and injuries caused by electrical accidents. It campaigns to improve the electrical regulations and provide information. The Electrical Safety First recommends using the government backed up registration schemes to all contractors working with electricity and to all customers looking for the professional installers. The Registered Competent Person Electrical Search is a facility for clients to choose the competent and registered electri-

cian who works on domestic projects, meets requirements and can self-certify work under the Building Regulations. (www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk)

The Joint Industry Board (JIB) The Joint Industry Board provides various benefits for electrical contractors and assurance to clients that they choose the skilled contractor. The JIB is assessing the contractors experience and qualifications and grade them from students to approved electricians. The JIB is responsible for the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS). To gain the card contractor has to pass the health and safety exam. It is

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BUILDING REGULATIONS

established to reduce the amount of accidents and promote health and safety standards. Moreover JIB offers two membership options, one for Electrical Contractors and other for Cabling and Jointing Contractors. The main benefit of the JIB membership is the advice and support on the employment. Membership provides contractor with up to date contracts of employment, good rates of pay and benefits to keep best employees, unlimited free advice on employment issues. There are training courses. (www.jib.org.uk )

The Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS) The ECS card is equivalent to the CSCS card but for electrical industry. It displays the qualifications

and status of electrical professionals. The JIB grades are displayed on the card, for instance: the apprentice electrician, installation electrician, electrical fitter etc. To apply for the ECS card contractor has to have a UK electrotechnical Level 3 NVQ qualifications or equivalent. In case where contractor does not hold the required certificates there is a JIB Mature Candidate assessment or possibility to apply for a different grade card and upgrade it in future. To hold the ECS card contractor has to pass the health and safety test specifically designated to electrotechnical safety. If candidate successfully pass the ECS assessment he will be able to apply for card within two years of passing. The ECS card expiry date varies depending on the grade. In most cases the ECS card

is valid for 3 years but trainee cards are issued for 24 months only. Card can be renewed by passing the H&S test if its expiry date is within 3 months. For card types and eligibility criteria visit www.ecscard.org.uk

The Institute of Engineering and Technology It is the global institution governing the electrical industry which is a source of information for the design, inspection, maintenance and installation of electrical work. IET publish the BS7671 standard. It has members in 127 countries and is the world leading institution for electrical work. IET provides updates on the regulations and law governing the electrical industry. (www.theiet.org)

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BUILDER EDUCATION

Corruption

in Construction Prime Minister David Cameron closed the Anti-Corruption Summit in May this year. It was mentioned that first of all there is need to expose corruption to tackle it. So here is a first step-read whether corruption is perceived a problem in the UK construction sector and what practices are deemed as corrupt.

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BUILDER EDUCATION

Despite the fact that the UK construction output is increasing every year, the way the industry operates and economic factors make it still the high risk. Also, the world construction sector is one of the most corrupt. Reasons are various but mostly it is due to the competitiveness of the industry and squeezed margins or reduced workloads, poor enforcement of antibribery laws or long supply chains. The UK Government is very strict on bribery and corruption and the legislation UK Bribery Act 2010 poses a threat of prosecution for companies which carry out businesses in the UK and will be connected with a bribe. However, the bribery risk arises in almost every stage of the construction process from tendering to sourcing

Transparency International (TI) defines corruption as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain".

materials and developing the supply chain. Corruption may be connected with colluding, fixing prices, producing fraudulent invoices, billing for unperformed jobs, paying bribes for contracts, stealing from sites, etc. The biggest risks of corruption are at the following stages of construction process: • Obtaining the license or permit - there might be situations where bribes are required or offered for construction permits, licenses, planning permissions. • Procurement - this is one of the biggest corruption risk areas and sadly the most costly for the industry as the bribes will prevent the selection of the best suppliers for the project. Fortunately the fraud

•

• •

and anti-bribery rules restrict the corruption during the procurement. Tender process- bribery to obtain a contract or post project secret payments can be the common practices. Commissions to contractors or subcontractors- unrecorded payments to main contractors and subcontractors, production of fraudulent invoices. Partner risk- bribes paid or accepted by the third party connected. Payments- production of false or exaggerated claims to reduce the payment or inclusion of false extra costs to increase the contract payments.

BUILDER EDUCATION

•

• • •

Contract administration - contract administrators have a duty to act impartially as between their employer and the contractor but the bribery occurs at the valuations, interim payments or at completion stage of building processwithhold or delay payments, approve claims for additional money, etc. Identity fraud connected with CIS- the sale and misuse of the CIS cards Fraudulent HS&E tests pass results to obtain CSCS cards Cost cutting on building materials or labour- sourcing materials or using substandard materials to cut costs, production of fraudulent invoices, employment of illegal workers.

•

In the events of litigation or arbitration, parties may offer bribes to witnesses.

Researches on corruptions are rare. The last CIOB survey on corruption in construction was in 2013 and it showed that the corruption was a common place in the UK market at that time. Fraudulent practices tend to be more common on the residential projects where goods can go missing or subcontractors can be paid more due to enhanced invoices. However, the highest levels of corruption are at the management level during the procurement or tender stage and might involve officials, designers, goods suppliers, subcontractors, etc. Under the New Bribery Act 2010 many larger companies have the auditing procedures in place and when it comes to procurement, the public sector is more aware of the anti-bribery laws.

The Construction Sector Transparency Initiative helps to raise the awareness about transparency to tackle the corruption. The current legislation requires the transparency during the procurement and tendering but regular audits might be helpful also during the projects execution or at the completion to catch the fraud and deliberate mismanagement. The Bribery Act 2010 imposes the liability on bribing, offering or requesting a bribe, receiving a bribe or failing to prevent a bribe. Also, money laundering activities are tackled by the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA). Companies should be able to prove they have the anti-bribery procedures in place, which may include the risk assessments, regular audits, transparency of accounts and all financial records, procedures on facilitations of payments, gifts, sponsorship, etc. The consequences of proved corruption can be very serious and may include: unlimited fines; imprisonment; director disqualification; the confiscation of assets; exception from tendering for public contracts; reputational damage and adverse media attention.

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The UK Serious Fraud Office prosecuted and imposed fines on well known companies from the sector, including, amongst others: Balfour Beatty plc or AMEC plc.

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Nowadays it is very difficult to live without a tool like a mobile phone. Sometime ago we decided to exist also in mobile phone space.

Comparison of Estimations In this chapter we will present the step by step guide for the estimation- based on the average price indices EXTENSION SINGLE STOREY. Compare it with the estimation described in our last issuebased on norms and coverage EXTERNAL INSULATION RENDER SYSTEM.

In step 2 select all sections relevant to your requirements. Press NEXT to continue.

START TO ESTIMATE In step 1 choose Estimate. The following guide will be based on Extension â&#x20AC;&#x201C; single storey, flat roof.

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In step 3 click GO to select the relevant subsections for each category. Press button NEXT to SAVE your selection.

COMPARISON OF ESTIMATIONS

mobile app PART 6

BUILDER EDUCATION

Step by S te GUIDE p

MOBILE BUILDING CALCULATOR

BUILDER EDUCATION

When you go through all described steps on screen you will receive the estimation summary. You can filter data by selecting icons LABOUR, RATES, MATERIALS, PLANT&TOOLS.

COMPARISON OF ESTIMATIONS

In step 4 SET required details - input the measurements. You are also able to set the discount level for your calculations for materials purchases in IBB Polish Building Wholesale for either client or builder. Press NEXT to continue

Moreover you are able to hide/show data like workload, net, overheads or profit. When you select the particular position by clicking twice on it, you will get the estimate detail.

Moreover you can now select the relevant sections that you would like to include in your final document. Click NEXT. Now you will be able to DOWNLOAD or POST your estimation.

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In step 5 adjust measure in given subsections if required. Press NEXT to continue

Click button SAVE to fill your estimation details. When all completed press NEXT to DOWNLOAD or POST your estimation.

START TO ESTIMATE

website version step by step START TO ESTIMATE - BLOCK ESTIMATION Create your first estimate with the following step by step guide. To start creating your document, LOG IN to your profile on www.ibbconstruction.co.uk

1. Click icon NEW in the left upper panel. On the screen you will be able to work on your new calculation. 2. Step 1 in the left panel enables to personalise estimate by adding a title – click icon ADD TITILE

6. If you press icon IBB you will get the selection of options, choose relevant for your project and add dimensions. • In step 1 SELECT BULLETS according to your project. • In step 2 set dimensions - input your data into the box and press icon NEXT to continue

3. Step 2 in the left panel enables to choose the appropriate for your needs option from estimates library. 4. For the fastest results choose BLOCK ESTIMATES To start your block estimate choose the relevant option for your project. There is a list of categories to choose from.

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•

5. In next step SET UP YOUR PRICE LEVEL - Choose whether you would like to base your estimation on YOUR OWN prices or IBB prices. Refer to the previous guide on how to create your Own library and work with Your own estimates plus to the guide on how to manage overheads, profits and rates.

Your block estimate will be added to your main panel and visible in STEP 3 - Manage your estimate. In this section your are able to apply filter options and amend measurements if required. Press icon ADD to load the calculation to your estimation. If you would like to continue with estimation by calculating another type of work press icon ADD.

Again choose the relevant options and add dimensions. Click icon SET to load the calculation. In main panel in STEP 3 check, manage and confirm your estimation. Click icon ADD to add another block estimate to your estimation.

•

Continue with estimating by adding your chosen block estimations to your main panel. Choose from options available. In the main panel, in STEP 3 manage your estimation – select what will be visible in your document – labour, materials, plant&tools, cost, additional costs etc. by highlighting appropriate filter boxes – green to include, red to hide.

START TO ESTIMATE

•

• •

•

To save your estimation as a PDF file or to print it click icon SAVE as a FILE/ Print in the upper panel. You will be able to choose the language of your PDF document and select what details to include. You can do selection manually by highlighting appropriate bullets or you can take an advantage of fast selection- select all, offer, materials- offer for client, materials- purchase, workload or schedule. Press icon SAVE to save your estimation. You can choose the destination where to upload your document.

Moreover you are able to change any measurements, price level, overheads and rates by clicking the relevant icon. If you would like to produce the schedule press SCHEDULE icon and add all details. You are able to save it as a PDF.

•

Press icon MATERIALS to view, print, save as a PDF or buy materials required for your project as per estimation. You are able to select what details will be visible in your materials specification, for instance weight, price, costs, supply costs, profit and total. You can also amend the price level.

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DRYWALL Regular

Waterproof

Fireproof

Soundroof

VapourshieldTM

Thermal Laminate

Kooltherm Insulated

Cementboard

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Project Benchmarking Project benchmarking is the process where the estimated cost of the project is compared to other similar projects. This helps with an assessment of tenders and allows selecting the best value for money offer. It is very common for public projects because the government has the open access to data records of various projects. In the private sector, such information is not easily accessible.

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BUILDING COST INFORMATION SERVICE (BCIS) BCIS is collecting, analysing and providing cost information. The construction data provided by BCIS are used by estimators, clients and contractors for advice on prices and cost calculations. BCIS provides the past data and forecasts. BICS data can be purchased and there are various tools available to enable preparation of quotations for clients. This data allows for cost assessments and valuations based on current prices. There is a distinction between residential data and the commercial or public projects. Schedule of rates and duration calculator is available. All data is easily accessible through online tools. Moreover, BCIS is the principal source of residential rebuilding cost in the UK. The data can be purchased. There is an option to register for a free demo of BCIS products. For detailed information on BCIS go to www.rics.org/uk/knowledge/ bcis.

GLENIGAN Glenigan is the UK's leading provider of construction project leads and industry analysis. It pro-

vides information on the latest construction industry trends and forecasts. Moreover, it contains data on the latest planning decisions, tender activity, bidders and contract awards. The information provided by Glenigan is useful to increase business opportunities and reduce risk. The data are grouped by regions and market segments and can be explored at different stages of the business phase- during planning, at the tender stage or contract phase or while works started on site. Users can download the free data showing the best contractors, clients, architects, surveyors and engineers in the particular region every month. The detailed analysis of each area of the UK helps to benchmark the competition and identify the top contractors who are likely to secure the tenders. Glenigan captures every planning application and decision, plus thousands of projects that do not require planning what enable to track the performance of the top companies. www.glenigan.com

KPIs The Construction Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) gives insight into how the industry is performing. The construction industry KPIs are collected each year by Constructing Excellence from Glenigan and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The KPIzone and the KPI Engine are benchmarking tools. Members can track their

projects and companies against KPIs at KPIzone. com. The KPI engine allows to enter data from a project for the selected KPI to create an individual report and analyse what is going good and what is not performing well in the business. www.kpiengine.com Benchmarking also works in different areas of project life not only covering the cost but also energy use, sustainability and whole-life costs. Detailed information can be found on The Carbon Trust Energy Benchmarking, The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, Closing the Loop â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Benchmarks for Sustainable Buildings (RIBA), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). Benchmarking is the valuable business tool that provides the opportunity to assess the performance of the industry and allows companies to enhance their performance by identifying, adapting and implementing the best practice within a selected group of companies. There are various projects indicators, performance indicators and databases. Benchmarking is a systematic process of measuring and comparing an organisationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance against that of other similar organisations in key business activities. From these observations, a business plan can be established and targets set to increase business gains.

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Comparative information on tender prices and duration of projects can be obtained from sources such as the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) or Glenigan.

BUILDER EDUCATION

Structural

Concrete & Wooden Floors 30

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BUILDER EDUCATION

Once the foundation is in place, the next step is to build the ground floor structure. Concrete and wood is the most common base which we can use to create the floor structure on which the decorative flooring is laid. The concrete and timber may be used for both ground and upper floor construction.

Timber floor joists are the cheapest way for constructing the floor but less hard wearing. There are three types of floor structure choices: a solid concrete floor, a precast suspended concrete floor or a suspended wooden floor. The decision of what floor to build should be made early on in the design process. Factors which influence the choice: • Renovation or new build • Ground floor or above the ground floor • Installation time and costs • What type of floor finish will be applied? • Whether the underfloor heating will be in-

•

stalled? (timber floors cool down quicker) If there is need to install cables or pipes in voids

Concrete Floor Construction We can distinguish between the poured concrete which forms the slab or pre-cast beam and block. The pre-cast concrete beam and block method is a relatively fast and dry method of floor construction, but it might be not suitable for some renovations projects. The traditional poured concrete method is very common but more time consuming as requires time to set before floor finishing can be installed.

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Reinforced concrete slab

This type of floor structure can be used for both new build properties or for renovating, but only for ground floors. Internal concrete floors are usually done in renovation projects after removal of suspended timber floor. While working on a new project outside, on the excavated area lay the hardcore and compact it. Cover it with sand and smooth the surface. Lay the damp proof membrane on the sand and take it up the wall. Place the PIR insulation. Pour the concrete or apply it with the shovel. To float and level the concrete use the float. Allow 3-7 days for concrete to dry and apply screed. 1. Remove the sub-grade (ground underneath the slab) from floor area 2. Apply the layer of hardcore (approx. 10-20cm) and compact 3. Apply the layer of sand (approx. 3-5cm, just to cover hardcore) 4. Install damp proof membrane (DPM) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to be lapped into the main wall structure 5. Install PIR insulation 6. Pour concrete (approx. 10cm) 7. Cover with the screed

Steel and concrete have been partners in building technologies for ages. Both materials are very strong. Steel has great results at withstanding tensile stress like for example bending. Concrete is good at bearing compressive stress like squeezing but it can crack under tensile pressures. The concrete reinforced with steel or glass fibres combines these two features to create a material that is even stronger. Reinforced concrete is made by pouring the concrete inside a metal framework or around ridged steel bars called rebars (reinforcing bars). Another option is called stressed or pre-stressed concrete which is produced by pouring wet concrete around

pre-tensioned steel bars or wires, what compress the concrete as it sets and makes it much harder and stronger. Steel reinforcing bars are very strong and have a similar thermal expansion to concrete what means they can handle high-tension stresses and concrete can take substantial compressive stresses only. Rebar is the metal pole with ridges especially made for the reinforcement purposes. The properly measured and fitted rebars will reduce the possibility of cracking but will not prevent them. The aim of reinforcement is to resist compression, bending and other direct tensile impacts and to protect the slab if cracks occur. To avoid cracks in slabs, either tradi-

Rebar reinforcement

Stressed concrete around pretensioned steel wires

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Solid concrete floor

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BUILDER EDUCATION

tional or reinforced, it is important to ensure proper joint spacing and dowels at joints or control slab thickness, etc. To properly transfer the load stress at least 0.10% reinforcement steel is required with joint spacing as in the unreinforced slab. The reinforcement may be located in the upper, middle or lower portion of the slab. The most recommended location is in the middle of the slab structure as it takes pressures symmetrically from both sides of the slab. The rebar should be placed through the entire length of the concrete slab and the cross pieces of rebar should be set in the same manner. Another material used for reinforcement is steel fibre which

is beneficial for the crack control and load carrying ability (traffic, spanning a void or bearing another structure such as a wall). Reinforced concrete slab has an approximate thickness of 100-150mm. The structural engineer's or architect's plans should provide spacing requirements and bar sizes. 1. Remove the sub-grade (ground underneath the slab) 2. Pre-treat for termites if required 3. Install DPM 4. Install the steel formwork (cage) 5. Prepare the layout of bars, stirrups, and dowels

Tie bars with a so-called snap tie or a spinner by using a single tight twist of wire around each rebar intersection. There are other more complicated ties often used too. Once cage is assembled hold it in position with concrete bricks or rebar chairs until it will be covered with concrete

Concrete may take 28 days to set properly and to achieve the strength, but foot traffic can be allowed after 1-2 days. Formwork and shuttering can be removed after 3 days.

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Beam-and-block floor This precast suspended floor structure can be used for both ground and ceiling floor structure. It requires concrete joists which are filled with concrete blocks what form a base. Both blocks and beams are dry laid. The beams are supported at ends on the outer wall structure and the damp proof course (DPC). Wide lengths of a floor can be made without other support as the beam-and-block pre-cast concrete is very strong. On the created floor structure install damp proof membrane (DPM) and if required apply PIR insulation. Lay the screed on which you can lay the self-levelling floor and the decorative floor finish. 1. Remove the sub-grade (ground underneath the slab) from floor area 2. Apply the layer of sand (approx. 3-5cm) 3. On foundation build brick or block wall (if required), install DPC 4. Leave up to 40cm void 5. Install pre-cast beams and blocks 6. Install DPM 7. If required apply PIR insulation 8. Lay screed

Wood Floor Construction A suspended wood floor is commonly used to create the upper floor construction. It is also

found as a ground floor structure in older properties. Such floor structure is less popular nowadays as the precast joists are more durable. Wood floor is constructed using timber beams called joists. Joists size can vary according to the floor span. Floor joists are built into the wall structure (supported directly by internal part of cavity wall). Also, joists ends can be secured to wooden wall plates fixed to the wall surface. Joists are braced using noggins. Between noggins and joists, the PIR insulation can be installed. For above ground floor structure, metal joist hangers can be used to support joists. There is a wide selection of hangers available. Joists are attached to the wall using hangers and are braced with lateral restraint straps or herringbone metal struts. At ground level small sleeper walls are built as a support below suspended timber floors. The floor surface is constructed by laying plywood, OSB board or chipboards sheets across the joists. Moreover, the suspended ground floors must be ventilated with the airbricks in the external walls. 1. Remove the sub-grade (ground underneath the slab) from floor area 2. Apply the layer of sand (approx. 3-5cm) 3. Install DPC 4. Leave ventilation void up to 40cm 5. Install timber joists on wall structure

6. Install noggins between joists 7. Fit PIR insulation between noggins and joists 8. Apply plywood or OSB board I-Beam â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an engineered joist, the laminated wood layers which create a joist. I-Beams are an alternative to traditional timber as they are strong and lightweight.

Insulation The current legislation including Part L, BREEAM and the Code for Sustainable Homes require floors to be insulated to reduce the heat loss. Both wooden and concrete floors can be insulated during the construction stage with the PIR insulation boards. PIR rigid thermal insulation is manufactured as a foam. Damp proof membranes are used too to prevent moisture getting into a floor structure. Moreover, the suspended ground floors must be ventilated with the airbricks in the external walls. In the case of wooden floor construction, timber joists should be positioned on the internal part of cavity wall above DPC.

Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) A damp-proof membrane (DPM) protects the underneath of the slab from damp and chlorides or other aggressive chemicals which can damage

BUILDER EDUCATION

concrete from beneath. Moreover, it prevents the poured concrete from drying out too quickly as the absorption of water by the sub-base or the sub-grade is limited. Concrete which dries out too fast is prone to cracking and less reliable. DPM should be installed before pouring the concrete with overlaps by at least 350mm.

Movement joints Movement joints protect the slab from cracking, accommodate the movement of the slab and prevent stresses being transferred to other structures. During the curing process, the concrete will contract slightly and small cracks may occur.

Also, when to set the concrete will expand or contract a little. To avoid excessive cracking, it is advised to allow for a movement joints especially for larger slab surfaces. Joints allow the concrete to crack and do not transfer pressure to other structures. Joints if required are specified in an engineer specification.

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Guide

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

The

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Structural 37

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

All about Structural A wide range of timber materials is required on almost all construction projects. Even the masonry properties contain wooden elements like joists or studs. In this article we will deal with different types of timber and provide guidance on its selection. HARDWOOD

Selection by the type of timber First of all there is a distinction between hardwoods and softwoods. Hardwoods are more expensive as they are obtained from deciduous trees which take longer to grow and are considered stronger and higher quality than

softwoods harvested from coniferous trees. Softwood is also commonly used in construction for instance in carpentry. Some of hardwoods and softwoods are used either in first fix carpentry â&#x20AC;&#x201C; construction or second fix carpentry - decorative or in both.

DESCRIPTION

USAGE

Oak

Strong construction material, used both as a structural and decorative element

Decorative beams, flooring, kitchens, skirting, architrave

Beech

A straight-grained hardwood

Worktops, floors, decorative features

Teak

Used in second fix to provide high quality finish

Staircase, garden features

Idigbo

Easy to work with, good value for money

Windows, staircase

Mahogany

Used in furniture industry

Furniture

Maple

Decorative hardwood

Decorative flooring

American black walnut

Used in interior joinery

Kitchens, veneers

SOFTWOOD Pine

DESCRIPTION Most commonly used

USAGE First and second fix

Cedar of Lebanon

Used in internal joinery

First and second fix

Western red cedar

Mainly used in exteriors

Boarding, shingles, decking

Douglas fir

Commonly used in plywoods

Construction, decking

Hemlock

Light wood

Doors and windows source: DIY: Know-How and Show-How (J.Cassell and P.Parham 2006)

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source: DIY: Know-How and Show-How (J.Cassell and P.Parham 2006)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

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Seasoned features or treated features are not exclusive. The wood can be both treated and seasoned if required. Seasoned wood - it contains high levels of moisture and needs to dry out before usage. This is called seasoning. Wood can distort during the drying process and often it contains moisture long after seasoning. The distorting can be avoided when wood is stored horizontally, above ground level and when it is supported along length. Seasoned kiln-dried timber- artificially dried wood with the accelerated seasoning. It is expensive but less prone to distort. Treated wood is stronger than non treated wood but less resilient than pressure-treated wood. The degree to which wood has been treated has impact on its lifespan. Pressure-treated wood is usually impregnated with preservative and it is with green or brown tinge. Such timber can be in contact with surfaces like soil and is more resistant to damp or insects. Second fix carpentry (for instance skirting or doors) does not require treated timber, while first

fix carpentry (for instance rafters or stud wall) needs treated wood. Reclaimed timber is old and in most cases has been very well seasoned. There are for instance reclaimed floorboards on sale.

Selection of rough-sawn wood or planed wood Wood is measured when it is rough-sawn and is priced based on its dimensions. However the actual nominal dimensions might be different due to shrinkage during the drying process, while in the case of planed wood nominal dimensions will be smaller as it has been plane on all sides. Merchants more often sell wood in the exact dimensions (standard sizes) but it is worth to check before ordering. Rough-sawn wood has rough surface so it is used where it will not be visible, for instance in stud walls. Its dimensions are quite adequate as it is measured when rough-sawn. Planed wood is used where it will be visible, for instance skirting. It has been planed after being measured so its dimensions might not be as stated.

Selection by timber grades Timber is graded in strength classes and grades denote a group of species and strength grade combinations. Additional features that add to a particular grade are strength, stiffness, density, number of knots, slope of grain, species, origin etc. Strength classes variesÂ from C14 to C50 for softwood and D18 to D70 for hardwoods. The higher the grade, the stronger theÂ timber. The most common timber grades are C16 and C24. C16 is stronger than C24 timber. Graded timber is in most cases kiln dried but it can also be wet graded (which is moisture content at ambient levels and not kiln dried). Regularised means that the product has a machined finish what gives a regular consistent section size. After assessment each piece of wood is stamped with the appropriate mark, which contains timber condition (e.g. dry graded), strength class (e.g. C16), reference, species group and certification body. Timber marked as dry is graded at a maximum moisture content of 20% and should be

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Selection by the timber features

transported, stored and installed in the way so this moisture content will not be exceeded. Span tables show timber sizes and strengths and allow to choose the size of timber necessary to give adequate support to flooring, ceiling or roofing.

Tips on buying wood •

Defect free wood costs more but its lifespan is longer. When buying wood check it for splits, knots or uneven grain. Splits mean that wood might have dried too rapidly or was not properly stored. Softwoods can be damaged easily at the storage. A warped timber might be difficult to saw and it might have been twisted. Knots are especially not welcome in second fix carpentry as they might be visible through paint or might start bleeding. It is best to treat them with knotting solution.

• • • •

Find out whether wood has been treated or seasoned or both Find out how wood has been stored Check if its damped Find out if merchant sells it in nominal or standard sizes to estimate the appropriate quantity

Timber accessories The most appropriate fixings for wood boards are screws, brackets, hangers or nails and pins. Screws types vary to suit different applications. For instance traditional wood screws (KDH silver) are tapered shank and fits tight. There are also untapered wood screws (KDH gold) which are less likely to split wood. Drywall black-phosphate-coated (KSGD) are used to fix plasterboard to studwork. MDF screws are sharp pointed and twin-thread while for chipboard the wax-coated screws are recom-

mended. Dowel screws are threaded at both ends to join two pieces of wood. Nails are the most basic and essential fixings. They are available in various sizes and are for general use. Most are made of steel and iron, some are galvanized. Typically they are sold by weight. Pins are very thin and with small heads what makes them less likely to split wood. Timber brackets and hangers are used for timber fixing applications. There is a wide selection available. To mention the most common there are angle brackets and ties which are used for both heavy and light duty fixing. Also there are timber to masonry or timber to timber joists hangers. Restraint straps connect timber floor and roof system to masonry and provide required restraint. Post bases are used for heavy duty applications, for instance to fix timber posts into concrete. Racking solutions provide resistance to timber frame structures.

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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

MATERIAL COMPARISON

WOOD-BASED BOARDS-SHEET MATERIAL COMPARISON Wood-based boards are commonly used in both first and second fix carpentry. Sheets are used to structure or cover large surfaces. The description and comparison table below presents usage of different wood-based boardsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; types. WOOD BASED BOARD TYPE

Plywood

Shuttering plywood

WBP plywood

OSB board

It is formed with the layers of wood bonded together (3-Ply, 5-Ply, Multi-Ply), with adjacent are with their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another what creates very strong board. Its thickness varies and the most common sizes of sheet are 2400mm x 600mm or 2400mm x 1220mm. Highly versatile product. Can be manufactured from various wood types- softwood (easily cut, drilled), hardwood (ideal for furniture), marine (ideal for external use) to be suitable for various purposes, even for heavy duty applications. It costs more than OSB and it has higher stiffness than OSB board.

USAGE

Ideal for roofing, flooring, hoardings, boxing and decorative purposes. Exterior and interior usage.

Wood composite sheet that is resistant to moisture penetration and do not stick to concrete. It can be used for shuttering, hoarding and other construction Only exterior usage. Various purposes, not suitable for prolonged external use unless suitably covered. Not purposes- shuttering, hoarding suitable for decorative purposes. A high quality plywood especially for use in domestic, light industrial and commercial applications. It is manufactured with the external Water and Boil Glue Exterior and interior usage which is aÂ form of treatment for making plywood water resistant and applicable externally. Oriented strand board, engineered board, consists of compressed layers of wood and adhesive with standard dimensions of 2240x1220mm. Strong and Variety of load-bearing applicastiff, water resilient, a cheaper alternative to plywood or chipboard . Different tions- flooring, roofing, underlaygrades of the product are available for different levels of loading and different ment, interior fitments, etc. environmental conditions.

Block board

Contains similar features to plywood, two layers of wood durable.

Medium-density fibreboard (MDF)

Composed of compressed wooden fibres. It is strong structural element. Available in various thicknesses and veneering options. MDF board when cut gives Decorative carpentry- shelving, the dust- use of the face mask is obligatory. There are lightweight and water furniture units, window sills, etc. resistant options.

Moisture-resistant MDF

A version of MDF which is resists moisture attack. It has green colour.

Used in kitchens and bathrooms

A light version of MDF.

Underlay for flooring, or as an alternative to plasterboard on a ceiling

Fibreboard

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DESCRIPTION

For furniture

Chipboard - very versatile product

Composed of small wooden fibres. No decorative features, available in various Alternative to floorboards. Used for thicknesses. furniture, shelving and worktops.

Moisture - resistant chipboard

More water-resistant than normal chipboard. Has green colour and smooth surGeneral flooring application. face. It is easily cut, veneered or decorated.

Veneered chipboard

Decorative wooden veneer. Available in various sizes, thicknesses and veneer Used for furniture, shelves. cuts. Veneers options include: Oak, Ash, Walnut, Cherry, Beech, Maple.

Hardboard

Used as a subfloor, or for kitchen Thin, compressed fibreboard. One smooth side, one rougher side. Very durable. units with melamine surface or veneer. Doors, panels, furniture

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CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

ESTIMATION

Timber-frame ceiling construction Ceiling construction is one of the most important structural element of the building. In this example we will estimate one of the most popular timber–frame ceiling construction formed in situ. In addition timber-frame construction is used to support for the floor above.

Estimation conditions

• materials are delivered on site • internal transport horizontal and vertical is included in the average building situation • labour included fitting light scaffolding up to 4m high • calculation of materials includes an allowance for waste • water, electricity, sand paper and other small materials are added with 1,5% rate calculated form basic materials

Sequece of operation

• take a measurement of area for timber-frame ceiling construction and mark axis • joists are spaced at 400mm centres • fix steel wall plates to the wall • cut to size and join joists into a joists hangers • all metal parts like joists hangers or restraint straps are not included in this estimation • cut to size and join noggings creating frame as shown on a drawing below • joists and noggings screwed together create one unit • cover with sheet of plywood 18mm

1sqm of timber-frame ceiling construction

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Material

Measurement

Unit

Price* excl VAT [unit]

Coverage per 1sqm

Price excl. VAT for 1m2

Price incl. VAT for 1m2

Sawn timber for joists

47*200*4800mm

length

£18.61

0.60 length/m2 £11.17

£13.40

Sawn timber for noggings

47*200*4800mm

length

£18.61

0.463 length/ m2

£8.62

£10.34

Wood screw

KDH 5*100mm

£4.99

0.10 kg/m2

£0.50

£0.60

Wood screw

KDH 5*50mm

£4.99

0.10 pcs/m

£0.50

£0.60

WBP plywood 18mm

18*1220*2440mm sheet

£34.96

0.37 sh/m

Additional materials 1.5%

Total – regular prices

£12.94

£15.53

£0.51

£0.61

£34.24

£41.09*

* materials available at above Retail Prices at IBB Polish Building Wholesale Ltd, London – before discounts

Description

Labour hours

Company rate [GBP] excl. VAT

Rate [GBP] per 1sqm excl.VAT

Rate [GBP] per 1sqm incl.VAT

Fixing timber joists 200mm@400mm

2.385 lh/m2

£27.00

£64.40

£77.28

Fixing noggings 200mm@1200mm

0.90 lh/m2

£27.00

£24.30

£29.16

Sheet covering WBP 18mm

0.24 lh/m2

£27.00

£6.48

£7.78

Total

3.525 lh/m

£95.18

£114.22

Attention: in our quotation we have only described positions marked *, the rest you have to calculate individually eg. fixing corners with mesh according to how many reveals there are on the elevation, it is also important that for reveals you have to increase the quotation, the same for scaffolding or colour render.

Price per 1sqm of timber-frame ceiling construction = M + L = 34.24 + 95.18 = L 129.42 net Important: • timber frame ceilings should be fixed only to loadbearing walls and transfer their load to the foundation • timber joists should be dry and sawn • use proper size of joists hangers • use proper zinc plated screws • galvanised or stainless steel straps are required to prevent movement of wall Attention! Our norms and rates should be taken as a guide only and there are no obligations for anybody to adhere to them. You have to take sole responsibility and apply your own rates to your quotations. Cost of materials can vary from prices shown. We cannot accept any responsibility for anyone using this information – you must make your own checks. 44

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ESTIMATION

Expenditure of Labour for making 1sqm of ceiling construction

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ESTIMATION

TENNIS

ESTIMATION

IBB POLISH BUILDING WHOLESALE

MANCHESTER BRANCH NOW OPEN !!! How to

find us! IBB Manchester Unit 24, Piccadilly Trading Estate

Manchester M1 2NP 07500 786939 sales@ibb.pl

Screwfix

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HSS Hire

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TOP

News

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

THE CHAMPIONS 48

OF ENGLAND

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

IBB SPONSO R activity

Looking forward to the next challenge Congratulations! It was a great season. Did you anticipate such a great sequence of results in order to win the Cup and Championship? Thanks for your congratulations. We always go on court with the aim of winning of course. We always wanted to defeat the opponents and take the maximum number of points.

A conversation with Bartek Kisielewicz Team Captain

And you only lost one match all season? Yes. It was with our eternal rival Team Northumbria up in Newcastle. There was a moment, when we lost focus and we allowed the opposition to get away from us and it resulted in us losing the set. We lost our rhythm and even though we didn't give up; it was too much to do to catch them up before they closed out the set. It was a costly error for us and gave us our only defeat. And after that, you won every match; right up until the finals of the Cup and the League. Those titles ended up with you in London and not in the north. These wins were some of the most important in my career. IBB Polonia gathered an outstanding group of players who became a great team and we really earned those titles. They were amazing feelings; being in the best group of players in England. I'm really looking forward to the next challenge that will be in the European Challenge Cup

And could you always rely on your fans? Indeed. Our fans were the "extra player" that often gets mentioned. They supported us at every single match, home and away. Other teams are extremely jealous of them, that there is a group of people who support us during matches. I really want to thank them on behalf of all of the team. Apart from the fans, does anyone else get an honourable mention? As I said earlier, we played like a team, so the honourable mention goes to everyone, the players, the coaches, the club Directors and the sponsors. Thanks for your time and good luck in the European competitions.

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

A conversation with Bartek Łuszcz

President of IBB Polonia London

IBB Polonia is a long-term project So IBB Polonia London is currently the best team in the country?

I heard lots of mentions, not only of the team, but also of the IBB Polonia fans.

When I became involved with volleyball three years ago, I didn't do it just for the one season. I decided to treat it like a long-term project, developed with patience by a group of people who have a similar approach. Through the last three years, the club has evolved and gone through many changes; not only in terms of the players, but also Club organizational changes. We have a number of goals that we are trying to achieve for the benefit of the club.

Our fans are famous across Europe, not only in the UK. we have introduced a high quality of volleyball to England and they were keen to watch us home and away.It's great to have a group of loyal supporters who are behind the team through thick and thin. Other teams are very envious of our relationship with them. The team also consists of the sponsors. You've got a great partnership with IBB.

The fans are desperate to know if you will play in the European Challenge Cup: do you have any news for them? We are working hard to ensure that IBB Polonia London will take part in this tournament organized by CEV; it is not a straightforward process! There are countless rules and regulations to follow. I'm optimistic that the news will be positive in terms of our participation in the CEV Challenge Cup. Will participation in the CEV Challenge Cup result in some squad changes? Of course there will be some new faces in the squad; but it's a little too soon for specific details! The last day of the previous season has automatically become the first day of the next season. The players are resting and recovering at the moment, but the management of the club are working hard to make the next steps materialize. We need to, not only, compete in the CEV Challenge Cup, but of course the super8. We constantly have new ideas and are considering new players; sponsorship deals and plans for the fans. we are constantly working on the idea that IBB Polonia London remains the best in every respect.

The boss of the company IBB Polish Building Wholesale is Jacek Ambrozy, a Patron of volleyball in England. His influence develops the club and also the sport in general in England. We are grateful for his faith in us and are delighted in his vision of the future. IBB Polonia London also have a number of other Patrons I hear. In 2015/16 we have had support from Maja Polish deli; CBL; Manualmed, Polka PR. We have excellent relationships with Witold Sobkow, the Polish Ambassador in the UK and also with the Foreign Office in Warsaw and Mr Bogdan Beclaa, the Director of Polish Tourism Office in London. a very special partnership links us with Mr Konrad Piechocki, the President of PGE SKRA Belchatow and also of course with the actual club from Belchatow - our official partners. I am so grateful for all of those whom I have mentioned on behalf of the club and also from a personal perspective. I will keep my fingers crossed for you, and thanks for the conversation

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

Congratulations from Polish Embassy in London Winning the English National Volleyball League Championship by Polonia London Voleyball is a brilliant achievement for the players, coaches, all members of the athletic and administrative support staff, and the club’s sponsors. It is a culmination of months of hard work and commitment throughout the club’s most successful season, which included winning the Super 8 League and claiming the 2016 National Cup. IBB Polonia’s success promotes the Polish spirit and determination, as well as demonstrates another valid contribution of Poles to the British society. Established by the Polish community in 1973, today IBB Polonia London is one of the most popular volleyball teams in England, composed of players of various nationalities 52

and backgrounds. As part of the men’s English National Volleyball League, Polonia has won the Championship three times before (in 1986, 2011, 2013), and has significantly contributed to the promotion of Polish culture and sport in the United Kingdom. Sport is one of the key areas of public diplomacy, through which the Embassy hopes to showcase Poland abroad, engage with the community, and spread the values of fair play, inclusion and co-operation. Our initiatives in volleyball, football, and sailing receive a very positive response from both Polish and British communities. Volleyball is a national sport in Poland and we are delighted that it is gaining popularity also in the UK. By gathering record audiences at their matches

and developing a loyal and committed fan base, Polonia London are true ambassadors of Polish sport in the UK. The club’s junior section inspires the next generation of champions and motivates the children to exercise and socialise. We are hoping to develop similar partnerships in other areas of public diplomacy, by supporting the growing network of Polish Saturday schools, football academies, and educational as well as cultural societies. We are very proud to be one of Polonia’s sponsors, look forward to our co-operation in the future, and wish the team many successes in the upcoming competitions. Go Polonia! Witold Sobków The Polish Ambassador

BUILDER EDUCATION

IBB Polonia London became The Champions of England

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

Polish National Tourist Office joins in to celebrate the success of IBB Polonia Volleyball Team

The Polish National Tourist Office (PNTO) has been a loyal supporter of IBB Polonia London volleyball team for many years. The phenomenal success scored by the team during the 2015/2016 season was a great inspiration for everybody and a particular reason for us to rejoice. Since 2013 we have been watching the team going from strength to strength, finally to achieve a hat trick victory: winning the National Cup Finals, Super 8 League and England Championship. We have special reasons to congratulate the IBB Polonia team because we have worked with them hand in hand to create added value to their sporting success - promoting Poland as a fascinating country, a mecca for volleyball supporters and a place full of great tourist attractions, which in 2015 was the destination of choice for more than two million UK visitors, over 16 per cent more than a year before. After a successful beginning of our co-operation, when for the first time the team displayed the “Polska” logo on their shirts, in 2014 we jointly

promoted tourism to Poland and also enlisted the support of Volleyball England. We arranged a visit to Poland for Lisa Wainwright and Rohan West, chief executives of VE, to watch the Hubert Wagner Memorial games played in Krakow two weeks before the start of the Volleyball World Cup. On returning, they both said they were amazed how enthusiastic Polish supporters were about the game, and how much popularity volleyball enjoys in Poland. On the wave of the earlier successes, in 2015 the Polish National Tourist Office launched another promotional campaign together with IBB Polonia London team. We supported them during the prestigious international event, Legacy Volleyball Cup. The tournament was an opportunity for us to advertise travel to volleyball events in Poland to the scores of UK fans attending the games in the Copper Box Arena in London’s Olympic Village. To enjoy together the recent hat trick victory and the three years of our successful co-operation, on May 16, 2016 we invited members of the team,

their coach and club officials, to a party organised in our office at Westgate House. A commemorative plaque was presented to the team captain, Bartosz Kisielewicz, by Mr. Bogdan Becla, Director of PNTO. While addressing those present, Mr. Becla said: "Our cooperation with the most successful Polish sports team in the UK gives me not only the pleasure to enjoy together their victories and to support them in achieving even more, but also satisfaction that together we can encourage the British volleyball fans to learn more about Poland - the country that we all have the ambition to represent and promote as best as we can". The Chairman of the IBB Polonia London, Bartłomiej Łuszcz, offered his assurances on behalf of the Club that the excellent cooperation with PNTO will be continued. He remarked that the support offered by PNTO helped to achieve greater interest in travel to Poland, which will result in many more UK fans visiting our country during the European Volleyball Championship, to be played in Poland in 2017.

IBB POLONIA LONDON VC

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IBB SPONSO R activity

TENNIS

The Parent’s thoughts

Statistics Statistics play greater role in tennis than you might think. Thanks to it we know: which strokes are risky, which should be polished, what are the strengths of the opponent and how much our match game differs from our training game. After reading statistics a skilled analyst will be able to determine the strengths and weaknesses of players in each set and even its dramaturgy. ITF, ATP, WTA or domestic ranking is also statistics.

Let’s begin with the fact that the statistical average number of strokes in tennis tournaments equals to 4. It results from that we have a serve, return and two other shots. In practice there are more than two shots because statistics understates serve aces and effective returns. Nevertheless, it is clearly seen how important a serve and return are. Despite such obvious knowledge we do not pay enough attention to them. Of course, tall players know the importance of their serve and focus more on their training, but for example they ignore the returns a bit. Such observations can be confirmed during tournaments. The first conclusion, though it is difficult to implement as it is seen in practice, is the increase such strokes’ number during trainings. Other interesting statistics refer to assessment of essentials moments during a match. Tennis player’s concentration is one of the most

important skills. However, it consumes a lot of energy and oxygen. The loss of concentration in important moments may lead to match loss. On the other hand, one cannot be concentrated in full on and on because our organism cannot withstand it. Brad Gilbert has noticed that 30 point in game, that is 30:0, 30:15, 30:30, 0:30, 15:30 is worth more concentration. I agree with it. That's still not the end of the game, but improvement of concentration at this moment will give us whether small mental advantage and it will lead us to the lead or it will protect us from predicament. A score 30:30 is especially interesting. If we win a point at 40:30, then we need just one point to win a game, whereas an opponent needs three points to do the same. It is good to know which strokes are more risky and which are not. Of course, one can feel it intuitively, but it is much better to do tests. If a

given shot technique fails and is performed below 50% it is better to stop them during the match and polish during trainings. Not too well trained stroke can cause more damage than benefits. For example winners down the line belong to such risky shots. Further we are going to carry out an analysis the usefulness of statistics with the use of an example of a serve. Already in the process of training a statistical control will help a lot with faster and confident master of this complex technique. For example – a ball toss influences a good serve. It is better to determine a certain, narrow tolerance of a ball toss and perform a serve if we can make this ball toss in a correct way. The attempt to extend tolerance will give us greater flexibility of serve, but it will also deteriorate its repeatability and therefore the consistency - which is essential in tennis.

TENNIS

Keeping an eye on a correct toss will allow faster gain and achieve correct habits. It will also allow to better control a toss technique because it demands an evaluation of toss and drive every time. A match serve differs from the training one in a significant way. Additionally, we have to deal with stress, the desire to win, fear of return – in short, colloquially speaking – during the match serve "hand is getting wooden". Statistics will help here. If during trainings we make a serve at a level of 90%, it means that is a very well trained and we can expect a match serve at the level around 60%. Of course, it is an individual feature, that is why the percentage will differ for different players. The percentage of effectiveness is reduced by the match pressure. If we want to, and in general we must improve the percentage of the match serves – there is one very good way to do it - let us train serve aces. They give the most similar pressure to match conditions and enforce concentration. There is no good way to avoid it and on the contrary, it always occurs in so many ways that it is better to accept it rather than fight. The above principle refers not only to technique or serve dynamics, but also to directions as well. After learning the correct serve technique and speed, we should learn directions. The concentration on

Stress is a constant companion of tennis player. aces and directions can lower quality of the technique, that is why we should return to it from time to time in a periodical way. By analysing the percentage of correct serves and increasing it during pressures and impediments imposed on ourselves we will improve the effectiveness of this essential technique during a match. Statistics in the assessment of risky shots, for example: return or winner down the line does not lead to eliminate these shots during a tough match. It should rather serve to assess how much time we should dedicate it during training time. A separate issue is the ability to assess an opponent after analysing his/her match statistics. • The speed of the first and second serve will give us estimation of opponent's power (comparison of serves in consecutive sets), the serve reliability, the possible domination of this technique, etc.

•

The number of winning balls for example, received from the second serve of the opponent will tell us how the player is disposed to the returns. • Small amount of our opponent’s win second serve gives us a chance to have the advantage in the game with the aggressive return. • If the first serve is not very fast and yet this is a big percentage of won points after his/her serve it means that the opponent feels good and is confident in the rally. • The analysis of breakpoints will also give us mental assessment of the opponent. If he wins them much more than 50%, this means that he is mentally strong. Of course such an analysis is best if applied to larger amount of matches. It can be build up more, for example by evaluation of slice backhand, reaction to the shortened ball, abilities of direction and rhythm changes and acceleration skills. Statistics in combination with motorics give a tennis player and his/her coach the perfect view of training and also a possible overtraining. Performing tests and their recording gives the above view. By performing for example Cooper test or Spider test we can assess our progress and the condition of our body.

1 Illustration No. 1

TENNIS

Cooper test is an uninterrupted run for 12 minutes with a time control, preferably every 100m. For the junior achievement the distance of 2800-3000 meters is a good proof of training. Spider test is running back and forth from inside of the baseline to connections points of the baseline with the sidelines, the sidelines with the serve line and the point T on the serve box with the transfer of five tennis balls from these points to the starting point (illustration No. 1). For a well-trained tennis player Spider test result should be less than 15 seconds. Time will be different for different surfaces. Moreover, the test may be useful for the assessment of tennis shoes. An analysis and calculation of various elements of training will give us a kind of "journey in time". If we can jump both feet through the net back and forth 100 times, then we could face Ilje Nastase. If we can perform 2,000 rope jumps at the same time counting them with no mistake, we can compare ourself to Jimmy Connors.

The ability to use statistics makes a tennis player more analytical, more focused and conscious of his/her and opponentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s game.

If someday we will be able to hit around 2.5 thousand balls then we can imagine Andre Agassiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s training input (about a million balls per year). Statistics can also help with the selection of match tactics. If the opponent's serve is fast, reliable and efficiently allows winning his/her serve sets, statistically we can risk more in these games, play more relaxed because the chance of winning a point is less, so maybe it is better to torture the opponent, to knock out of the rhythm with non-standard shots. Similarly, if our serve is reliable and confident, then we can afford harder returns with his/her serves and try to give ourselves more chance to break through the opponent.

Statistics of ITF tournaments and quantities of won matches of different players are also interesting. It is important what conclusions we draw out of them. When we realize that most of current champions had champion titles of their own countries, for example in the age group of 14U Andy Murray was even champion of Great Britain at the age of 12, one may think they had the talent but one can also think that simply through their achievements they facilitated their parents to make a decision about their career and professionalism.

TENNIS

There are a number of gadgets that enable todays more accurate and sophisticated statistics such as: Polar devices, racket Babolat Play or Coach's Eye application.

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They found the motivation and awoken dreams in themselves. Roger Federer played in 16 Grand Slam before he started winning them - and so it happens variously with this talent. So it is better to concentrate on work than wait for the talent to flow in and do everything for us. One can accept the "blind" principle that the second, younger brother is always genetically better disposed to tennis, but one can also interpret this fact that he has always had greater motivation and opportunities of frequent sparring with an older, stronger brother. Andy Murray has admitted that he not only wanted to win with his brother but he always wanted to destroy him. Rather than believe in genetic theories it is better to find a possibly stronger sparring partner. To be able to make use of the benefits of statistics you first need to establish in yourself the skill of observation and conducting various records.

LONDON EAGLES FC

IBB SPONSO R activity

12th June 2016

Fourth edition of The Summer Youth Competition In 2006, Eagles were the only Polish football club in the UK and the only Polish team who competed in english league system. However over the last few years, many more appeared on the British market. We decided to create an event through which we could deepen cooperation and bring Polish football environment to raise the level of skill. The tournament was therefore an excellent opportunity. In 2013 we initiated the annual editions of the Summer Youth Competition which was attended by 160 children. The following year there were already 330 participants. Last year was the most successful as the record raised to 560 young football adepts from eight football clubs and three Polish Saturday schools. We are very proud of the fact that from year to year our tournament attracts a growing number of young football aspirers. We are satisfied with the attendance and that our work has been noticed by our sponsors, Polish media and also by many companies and organizations. Without their support our success would had been impossible to achieve. Until now, these were typically Polish events, but this year we went one step further and we sent invitations to English clubs. Our goal is to make the tournament a prestigious and prided event for children, not only among the Polish community, but also among the English clubs. This year's fourth edition of the Summer Youth Competition will take place on June 12th, Cranford Community College, High Street Cranford TW5 9PD. We warmly welcome. Andrzej Blasik Chairman London Eagles F.C.

FOOTBALL

1 Polish EURO 2016 preliminary squad announced kasz Szukala who played in most matches during elimination will not play with the team during the Euro 2016. Instead Mr Nawalka gave chance to the young defender Pawel Dawidowicz. The twentyyear player so far had the opportunity to play with the team only once, in a friendly match with the Czech Republic. Polish national team at EURO 2016: Goalkeepers: Lukasz Fabianski (Swansea), Artur Boruc (Bournemouth), Wo-

Leicester City

wins Premier League title Jamie Vardy's two goals and one from Andy King gave Leicester City reason to celebrate as they won the Premier League 20152016. 3-1 victory over Everton gave them their first top-level football championship. Statistics: • Leicester have taken 13 penalties during Premier League season. • They attempted 33 shots against Everton • Jamie Vardy scored 12 opening goals during this season, 24 in total and 6 assists.

jciech Szczesny (AS Roma), Przemyslaw Tobacco (VfB Stuttgart) Defenders: Thiago Cionek (Palermo), Pawel Dawidowicz (Benfica), Kamil Glik (Torino), Michal Pazdan (Legia Warsaw), Artur Jedrzejczyk (Legia Warsaw), Lukasz Piszczek (Borussia Dortmund), Bartosz Salamon (Cagliari), Jakub Wawrzyniak ( Lechia Gdańsk) Midfielders: Jakub Blaszczykowski (Fiorentina), Kamil Grosicki (Stade Rennes), Tomasz Jodlowiec (Legia War-

saw), Bartosz Kapustka (Cracovia), Grzegorz Krychowiak (Sevilla), Karol Linetty (Lech Poznan), Krzysztof Maczynski (Wisla Krakow), Slawomir Peszko (Lechia Gdansk), Maciej Rybus (Terek Grozny), Filip Starzynski (Zaglebie Lubin), Paul Wszolek (Hellas Verona), Piotr Zielinski (Empoli) Forwards: Robert Lewandowski (Bayern Munich), Arkadiusz Milik (Ajax Amsterdam), Mariusz Stepinski (Ruch Chorzow), Artur Sobiech (Hannover).

3 Premier League Player of the Season Award goes to Jamie Vardy Leicester City striker Jamie Vardy has been named as the Premier League Player of the Season. This is his second award this year after being crowned the Football Writers' Association Player of the Year. He has scored 24 goals this season helping his team become Premier League Champions. His team player Riyad Maharez has been named club's Player of the Year after scoring 17 goals and 11 assists during Premier League.

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Adam Nawalka announced the lineup for the grouping before EURO 2016. The 23-man squad for the tournament will be announced on May 30th. The team will start training on 17th May in the coastal town of Jurata. There are not many surprises. Mr Nawalka chosen mostly the players who played during the qualifying matches for the Euro. However, Sebastian Mila who scored the second goal in the match against Germany as well as defender Lu-

ENTERTAINMENT

SUDOKU To solve a Sudoku puzzle, every number from 1 to 9 must appear in: Each of the nine vertical columns; Each of the nine horizontal rows; Each of the nine 3 x 3 blocks. Remember no number can occur more than once in any row, column or 3x3 block.

HEXAGON

Nine words can be found in our vexing hexagon, but some letters have been replaced by colours. Find out what letters are hidden behind those Nine words can be found our vexing but some letters colours. They are inthe samehexagon, for each of the have been replaced by colours. Find out what letters are hidden words reading across. Then you’ll have solved behind those colours. They are the same for each of the words across. Then you’ll have solved the vexagon. the reading vexagon.

SPIROGRAM

Tackle this puzzle from the inside out or the outside in. Just place the answers to the clues into the appropriately numbered squares. VEXAGON OL T ON INSIDE-OUT 1 - 5 Killed 6 - 9 Margin 10 - 14 Cutting utensil 15 - 18 Gambling cubes 19 - 23 Decompose 24 - 30 High singing voice 31 - 35 Trap 36 - 41 Crazier VEXAGON 0165 © Lovatts Puzzles 42 - 45 Flutter 46 - 49 Wearing nothing 50 - 54 Paintbrush hair 55 - 58 Sound speed measure 59 - 64 Inept 65 - 69 Separately 70 - 73 Decoy 74 - 77 Sleeveless garment 78 - 81 Foot stocking 82 - 86 Automobile body type 87 - 90 Strong desire 91 - 94 Auction 95 - 100 Feel pain

hart, oracle, radical, narrator, coc roach, research, scholar, OUTSIDE-IN harder, acorn.

100- 98 Umpire 97 - 94 Melt together 93 - 89 Persists 88 - 85 Arm bone 84 - 81 Office table 80 - 77 Price 76 - 72 Disconnect 71 - 67 Extreme 66 - 63 Settles account 62 - 58 Protective layer on garden bed 57 - 53 Desert beast 52 - 48 Founded 47 - 43 Up to the time 42 - 39 Worry 38 - 35 Become dim 34 - 32 Jogged 31 - 27 Echo location device 26 - 23 Small bunch of flowers 22 - 20 Unreturnable tennis serve 19 - 14 Resolve 13 - 11 Surfboard blade 10 - 8 Brewery barrel 7 - 1 Disavowals

ENTERTAINMENT

Crossword with IBB

ENTERTAINMENT

by Szczepan Sadurski

Find 10 differences ...

- What is the difference between a man and a woman? - A woman demands everything from one man, whereas a man demands one thing from all women. *** There were two sons in a family. The first ñ a pessimist, the second ñ an optimist. At Christmas the father gave a large number of electronic toys to his son- pessimist, whereas the room of his son-optimist the father filled with horseís faeces. The next day he comes by the rooms of both sons and hears that the son-pessimist is crying. - Why are you crying, Son? - Because Iíve got so many toys and I have to read so many operation manuals! For sure there arenít any batteries in them, we will have to buy them. I think they will soon be damaged! The father comes to the second room and there the son-optimist throws pieces of muck from one place to the other, singing: - Somewhere here must be my pony, Somewhere here must be my pony! Ö *** Two fellows from a dorm are talking: - Come round this evening. There will be a party: vodka, beer, good music and nice lasses! - Seriously? But how many of them will be there? - Seven gigabytes! *** Three criminals go to jail. Each of them has with him one thing owing to which he wonít be bored in jail. One of them asks the other sitting next to him: - What have you taken with you? The other criminal takes out paints and says: - Iíll be painting, the time will fly fast. And what have you taken with you? - Cards. Iíll be playing and the time will fly faster. The third criminal sits silently in the corner and smiles. - Why are you so happy? ñ ask him the others. He takes out a box of tampons and says: - Iíve got these! - What are you going to do with them? The third one starts to read from the box: - One can ride a horse, swim, skate Ö ***

Hey buddy... help me with digging the foundations

A fiancÈ and a fiancÈe are strolling in the park. When they go past a group of pensioners, they start to mutter: - Itís no use going hand by hand! Youíd better take her to a motel and slip her a length! The boy is embarrassed, he pretends that he doesnít hear it. After a while the couple go by a construction site, where the workers are shouting: - Hey you, jerk! Stop strolling like that! Take her to the bushes and slip her a length! The who is now more embarrassed pretends that he doesnít hear anything. After an hour he sees a fiancÈe off to her house and says: - See you tomorrow, darling. She says: - See you tomorrow, DEAF STUPID MAN! *** A student comes to a doctor. The doctor examines him carefully, sighs after a moment and says: - Youíre going to live only for about a month. - But Ö - But I will give only one week sick leave! Illustrations by Szczepan Sadurski

NE W !

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Treated Regularised C16 47x75mm

4.8 m

2.62 net*

Treated Regularised C16 47x50mm

(RP £4.36 net)

4.8 m

3.35 net*

C16 47x125mm

6.98 net*

(RP £11.64 net)

Treated Regularised C16 47x100mm

4.8 m

5.59 net*

9.77 net*

(RP £16.29 net)

4.8 m

12.56 net*

3.49 net*

4.8 m

C16 25x50mm

C16 47x150mm

1.55 net*

(RP £13.96 net)

4.8 m

(RP £20.94 net)

Treated battens

Treated Regularised

8.38 net*

Treated Regularised C16 47x225mm

C16 47x100mm

(RP £5.82 net)

4.8 m

Treated Regularised C16 47x200mm

11.17 net*

(RP £18.61 net)

(RP £2.58 net)

Treated battens C16 25x38mm

1.07 net*

(RP £1.79 net)

Spend £200 net or more and get ... IBB Builder T-shirt!

T&C 66

SPECIAL O R D ER

(RP £9.31 net)

Treated Regularised

Treated Regularised C16 47x175mm

SPECIAL O R D ER

(RP £5.58 net)

4.8 m

Treated Regularised

All presented products are subject to availability. Products may vary from those illustrated. All prices are net exclusive of VAT. Some prices shown are for collections only. Some prices are subject to additional delivery charge per item with the minimum £180.00 net value of delivery.

JUNE 2016 4.8 m

4.8 m

Blue battens

25x50mm

25x38mm

1.37 net*

1.80 net*

(RP £2.28 net)

(RP £3.00 net)

WBP plywood

OSB 3 board

1220x2440mm

12mm

1220x2440mm

13.48 net*

12mm

(RP £22.47 net)

7.75 net*

(RP £12.92 net)

20.98 net*

10.50 net*

18mm £

(RP £34.97 net)

(RP £17.50 net)

18mm

Wood screws KDH

OSB 3 tongue and groove 625x2500mm

5x50 - 5x100

2.99 net*

7.50 net*

(RP £4.99 net)

(RP £12.50 net)

Reinforced angle bracket 90x60x60x2.5mm

0.47 net*

(RP £0.79 net)

0.75 net*

(RP £1.25 net)

105x105x90x2.5mm

1.00 net*

(RP £1.66 net)

IBB Park Royal 18 Gorst Rd, London NW10 6LE 020 8965 7972 sales@ibb.pl

90x60x60x2.5mm

0.47 net*

(RP £0.79 net)

90x90x65x2.5mm

Connecting angle plate

90x90x65x2.5mm

0.75 net*

(RP £1.25 net)

105x105x90x2.5mm

1.00 net*

Joist hanger WB 9 47x135x75x2mm

1.45 net*

(RP £2.42 net)

(RP £1.66 net)

IBB Croydon ZK Park, Unit 6, 23 Commerce Way, Croydon CR0 4ZS 020 8680 9026 sales@ibb.pl

IBB Birmingham 425 Walsall Rd, Birmingham B42 1BT 0121 356 8655 sales@ibb.pl

IBB Manchester Unit 24, Piccadilly Trading Estate, Manchester M1 2NP 07500 786939 sales@ibb.pl

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IBB Park Royal 18 Gorst Rd, London NW10 6LE 020 8965 7972 sales@ibb.pl

IBB Croydon ZK Park, Unit 6, 23 Commerce Way, Croydon CR0 4ZS 020 8680 9026 sales@ibb.pl

IBB Birmingham 425 Walsall Rd, Birmingham B42 1BT 0121 356 8655 sales@ibb.pl

IBB Manchester Unit 24, Piccadilly Trading Estate, Manchester M1 2NP 07500 786939 sales@ibb.pl