Bottled Water Reporter

W W W. B O T T L E D W AT E R . O R G

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IN THIS ISSUE What Emerging Contaminants Are on the Horizon

Why California's Recycled Content Mandate Failed: Part II

BOTTLED WATER REPORTER | JAN/FEB 2019

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K N I R D ď ’ MORE R E T A W n facts atio r d y h n r a Le with e r a h s n a you c mers o t s u c r u yo

Also Inside:

Why Promoting Healthy Hydration Is a Priority for IBWA 2018 IBWA Annual Business Conference: In Pictures A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BOTTLED WATER ASSOCIATION

How to Make Online Marketing Campaigns Work for You

VOL. 59 • NO. 1

COLUMNS

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K  DRINE MOR WATER n facts ratio Learn hyd re with ha you can s mers your custo

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

20 | Case Study: Recycled Content in California (Part II) Why California’s recycled content mandate failed—and why it’ll probably resurface in 2019.

COMMUNICATIONS

22 | Making Online Campaigns Work for You How to pick the right social media platform for your audience.

TECHNICAL UPDATE

24 | Emerging Contaminants Become Regulated Contaminants: PFAS When the regulatory landscape is changing, you should pay attention.

VALUE OF IBWA MEMBERSHIP

28 | Invested in IBWA New member Jianhang Wu (4R Water Packaging Machinery Limited) reveals why the company joined IBWA—and what he plans to get out of his membership.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 10 | Drink More Water The important role water plays in almost all physiological processes is undeniable, but sometimes people just need a little encouragement to increase their water intake. This article provides that encouragement—with scientific facts—and reviews why it’s a good idea to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water. It also provides strategies to inspire you to drink more water. By Kiyah J. Duffey, PhD

CHAIRMAN'S COMMENTARY ...............................2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ......................................4 WATER NOTES ....................................................6 CPO QUIZ .........................................................26 ADVERTISERS ...................................................27 CALENDAR .......................................................27

CONNECT WITH IBWA

15 | Promoting Healthy Hydration for All You can find an abundance of scientific research that shows water is the healthiest beverage option when pursuing a healthy diet, but that message could benefit from more attention in America’s federal health initiatives. That’s why IBWA is pushing for those initiatives—such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the MyPlate nutrition graphic—to include more references about the benefits of water consumption. By Chris Torres

BOTTLED WATER REPORTER, Volume 59, Number 1.

Published six times a year by The Goetz Printing Company, 7939 Angus Court, Springfield, VA, 22153, for the International Bottled Water Association, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22314-2973.

Tel: 703.683.5213, Fax: 703.683.4074, www.bottledwater.org.

Subscription rate for members is $25 per year, which is included in the dues. U.S. and Canadian subscription rate to nonmembers is $50 per year. International subscription rate is $100 per year. Single copies are $7. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Bottled Water Reporter, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22314-2973.

CHAIRMAN’S COMMENTARY A WINNING STRATEGY

I’m honored to serve for a second term as IBWA chairman.

During IBWA’s 2018 Annual Business Meeting, we announced that the member who was serving as vice chairman resigned because he sold his company, and I was nominated and elected to serve as your chairman for another year. And I’m so grateful to serve the membership again in this capacity. I also want to extend my thanks to Robert Smith (Grand Springs Distribution) for stepping in to fill the vacant position of vice chairman.

One of my objectives as chairman last year was to attend as many regional bottled water association meetings as I could. I enjoyed hitting the road and visiting with IBWA members and non-members alike at these gatherings. I got a lot out of those meetings. For example, my attendance re-affirmed for me the important role our supplier members play in the bottled water industry and our association. Suppliers interact on a regular basis with their customers—and those customers are potential IBWA members. The membership recruitment role that supplier members play is undeniable—and should be acknowledged. I want to publicly thank our supplier members not only for the innovative products and services they provide us but also for their time promoting IBWA membership to their clients.

My travels to the state and regional meetings also reconfirmed for me the importance of grassroots advocacy. In 2018, IBWA monitored nearly 700 pieces of state legislation and nearly 400 state regulations that would have impacted bottled water companies—and we expect more of the same in 2019. With the growth in local and state issues—such as proposed taxes and restrictions/bans on bottled water products—it is a comfort to know that we have an army of advocates on the ground ready to step up and help promote and defend this wonderful industry.

In 2019, IBWA will continue the work necessary to maintain a favorable business, regulatory, and public affairs climate for the bottled water industry. But we can’t do it without you! That’s why I’m encouraging all IBWA members—bottlers, suppliers, and distributors—to be active members this year. Join us on the monthly committee conference calls; think about hosting a plant tour for your local legislators and members of Congress to educate them about the bottling process; sign the Authorization to Solicit form from the IBWA PAC, so you can learn about the PAC activities planned for 2019; plan now to attend our June Board and Committee Meetings in Alexandria, Virginia, on June 3-6, and participate in our annual Capitol Hill Day event; and join us in Anaheim, California, for the 2019 IBWA Annual Business Conference and Trade Show, November 18-21, to celebrate this wonderful industry.

And don’t forget, if you ever need us, we’re just a phone call or email away!

IBWA

International Bottled Water Association OFFICERS Chairman Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc..

Vice Chairman Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution Treasurer Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Immediate Past Chairwoman Shayron Barnes-Selby, DS Services of America, Inc.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shayron Barnes-Selby, DS Services of America, Inc. Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Philippe Caradec, Danone Waters of America Tara Carraro, Nestlé Waters North America Jason Chambers, Mountain Brook Water Andy Eaton, Eurofins Eaton Analytical Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Doug Hidding, Blackhawk Molding Co. Scott Hoover, Roaring Spring Bottling Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International Kari Mondt, Allied Purchasing Greg Nemec, Premium Waters, Inc. Dennis Rivard, Crystal Mountain Products, Inc. Bryan Shinn, WG America Company Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution Louis Vittorio, Jr., EarthRes Group, Inc. Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc. William Patrick Young, Absopure Water Co., Inc.

IBWA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman Lynn Wachtmann, Maumee Valley Bottlers, Inc. Shayron Barnes-Selby, DS Services of America, Inc. Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Philippe Caradec, Danone Waters of America Tara Carraro, Nestlé Waters North America C.R. Hall, Hall’s Culligan Brian Hess, Niagara Bottling LLC Henry R. Hidell, III, Hidell International Scott Hoover, Roaring Spring Bottling Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International Bryan Shinn, WG America Company Robert Smith, Grand Springs Distribution William Patrick Young, Absopure Water Co., Inc.

COMMITTEE CHAIRS Communications Committee Julia Buchanan, Niagara Bottling, LLC Audrey Krupiak, WG America Company Education Committee Glen Davis, Absopure Water Co., Inc. Douglas R. Hupe, Aqua Filter Fresh Environmental Sustainability Committee Leslie Alstad, DS Services of America, Inc. Jeff Davis, Blackhawk Molding Co. Government Relations Committee Viola Johnson Jacobs, DS Services of America, Inc. Derieth Sutton, Niagara Bottling LLC. Membership Committee Marge Eggie, Polymer Solutions International Kelley Goshay, DS Services of America, Inc. State and Regional Associations Committee Joe Cimino, ChoiceH2O

Lynn Wachtmann IBWA Chairman 2

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Supplier and Convention Committee Joe Bell, Aqua Filter Fresh, Inc. Dan Kelly, Polymer Solutions International Technical Committee Andy Eaton, Eurofins Eaton Analytical Kevin Mathews, Nestlé Waters North America

SAVE the DATE

Plan Now to Join Us for the 2019 IBWA Annual Business Conference and Trade Show

Dates: November 18-21 Place: Anaheim, CA

Hotel: Marriott Anaheim

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE HYDRATE FOR LIFE

The benefits of water consumption are well documented, but some people still need convincing.

So, for this “Healthy Hydration” issue of Bottled Water Reporter, we asked Kiyah J. Duffey, PhD, a hydration expert who teaches at Virginia Tech, to provide even more information—with scientific backing—on why it’s a good idea to replace sugarsweetened beverages with water. In our cover story, “Drink More Water” (p.10), Duffey emphasizes the important role that water plays in nearly all physiological processes and cites numerous studies that provide more reasons for consumers to increase their water intake. I encourage IBWA members to share this article with their consumers to further educate them on the many ways drinking more water can help them in their pursuit of a healthier life.

In “Promoting Healthy Hydration for All” (p.15), we present the many ways IBWA is continuing to work on ensuring that water’s important role in a healthy diet is emphasized in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), on the MyPlate nutrition graphic, and on product labels. At the federal level, IBWA is actively advocating for more pro-water consumption messages to be communicated to the public. While we achieved success in having the 2015-2020 DGAs encourage a shift from sugar-sweetened beverages to water, there’s still more work to do. This article summarizes the actions IBWA has undertaken to help ensure even more references on the benefits of water consumption are included in the 2020-2025 edition of the DGAs. It also supports our recommendation that water should be included on the MyPlate nutrition graphic, which is a very prominent public resource. Our goal is to have a water icon placed directly next to the dairy symbol on the MyPlate graphic.

This issue’s Government Relations column (p.20) concludes the discussion started in the Nov/Dec 2018 issue on the problems with the mandate for recycled content that California attempted to pass in 2018. Our Communications Column (p.22) reviews how you can make your online marketing campaigns more successful by focusing on specific audiences for your messaging. Finally, in the Technical Update column (p.24), we present the current regulatory landscape surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

I expect that 2019 will be another busy year for the bottled water industry—with new opportunities and challenges on the horizon. But I look forward to working with all IBWA members to ensure that consumers, legislators, and the media know the facts about bottled water and healthy hydration. If there’s any way I can be of service to you, just let me know.

Joe Doss IBWA President

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IBWA

International Bottled Water Association BOTTLED WATER REPORTER is published for: International Bottled Water Association 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650 Alexandria, VA 22314-2973.

Tel: 703.683.5213 Fax: 703.683.4074 www.bottledwater.org

IBWA STAFF President Joe Doss jdoss@bottledwater.org Vice President of Education, Science, and Technical Relations Robert R. Hirst bhirst@bottledwater.org Vice President of Communications Jill Culora jculora@bottledwater.org Vice President of Government Relations Cory Martin cmartin@bottledwater.org Director of Conventions, Trade Shows, and Meetings Michele Campbell mcampbell@bottledwater.org Director of Government Relations J.P. Toner jtoner@bottledwater.org Director of Science and Research Al Lear alear@bottledwater.org Director of Communications Sabrina E. Hicks shicks@bottledwater.org Manager of Member Services Cheryl Bass cbass@bottledwater.org Communications Coordinator Chris Torres ctorres@bottledwater.org Education and Technical Programs Coordinator Linda Alfakir lalfakir@bottledwater.org Executive Assistant Patrice Ward ibwainfo@bottledwater.org Bottled Water Reporter Layout and Design Rose McLeod rozmack@gmail.com Tel: 315.447.4385 Editor Sabrina E. Hicks shicks@bottledwater.org Advertising Sales Stephanie Schaefer stephanie@bottledwater.org

THANKS TO 2018 DWRF CASINO NIGHT FUNDRAISER SPONSORS!

The Drinking Water Research Foundation (DWRF) would like to thank all of the sponsors that helped make its recent Casino Night Fundraiser a success. This event, held at Pat O’s on the River in New Orleans on November 12, 2018, could not have happened without the support of DWRF sponsors and guests.

All money raised during the 2018 fundraiser will help fund vital research impacting the future of the bottled water industry.

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT DWRF, VISIT WWW.THEFACTSABOUTWATER.ORG.

NETWORKING, EDUCATION, AND MORE AT

NEW ORLEANS

THE 2018 IBWA ANNUAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE

The 2018 IBWA Annual Business Conference was held in New Orleans on November 12-15, and once again successfully co-located with NAMA's Coffee, Tea, and Water Show. In attendance were more than 1,100 bottled water and coffee professionals, who networked and walked the trade show floor, which hosted 168 exhibitors. The 2018 education program offered 32 business and technical sessions, which included 19 continuing education credits for certified plant operators (CPOs) seeking to keep their certification current. The IBWA general session included two special events: IBWA’s biennial awards ceremony and a presentation from former IBWA Chairman Charlie Norris and former NBA player and coach Byron Scott, co-authors of the business management and leadership book, Slam-Dunk Success: Leading From Every Position on Life’s Court.

The Welcome Reception offered an opportunity for bottlers and suppliers to network.

Former IBWA Chairman Charlie Norris (right) and former NBA player and coach Byron Scott, co-authors of Slam-Dunk Success: Leading From Every Position on Life’s Court, entertained the general session audience with personal stories about business and leadership.

2018 IBWA Bottled Water Hall of Fame inductee Shayron Barnes-Selby (DS Services of America) with CEO of Cott Corporation Tom Harrington.

(From left) Douglas R. Hupe and Joe Bell (Aqua Filter Fresh) catch up with Kevin Matthews (Nestlé Waters) during the Welcome Reception.

(From right) Louis F. Vittorio, Jr., P.G., recipient of the IBWA/Selby Advocacy Award, with IBWA Supplier and Convention Committee Co-chair Dan Kelly.

IBWA's 2018 Route Salesperson of the Year Michael Richards (DS Services of America) (center right) with (from left) CEO of Cott Corporation Tom Harrington, President of DS Services Dave Muscato, and DS Services’ Phoenix Division Vice President Ve Paulin.

The Welcome Reception provided a great opportunity for NAMA and IBWA attendees to network.

(From left) Jeff Davis (Blackhawk Molding Co.) and Todd Price (Silgan Closures) at the Welcome Reception.

(From right) IBWA's 2018 Plant Manager of the Year Josh Schlemme (Culligan of Davenport) with Kevin Schlemme, president of Culligan of Davenport.

2018 IBWA Bottled Water Hall of Fame inductee Philippe Caradec (Danone Waters of America) with Annick Moreau (Danone Waters Worldwide).

Arman Melkonian (far right) and his team from Downtown Wholesalers (DTW) support the DWRF Casino Night Fundraiser.

(From right) Drinking Water Research Foundation (DWRF) Chair Jack West (SafeWater Device, LLC) and DWRF Trustee Dr. Lawrence Armstrong try their luck at the tables during the DWRF Casino Night Fundraiser.

Women in the bottled water industry were well-represented by DS Services of America’s Christine Sprague, Maureen Hendrix, and Viola Johnson Jacobs.

CONSUMER DEMAND

Consumers’ Preference for Bottled Water Is Growing And they want bottled water available wherever drinks are sold More than 7 in 10 Americans (72 percent) say bottled water (still and/or sparkling) is among their most preferred non-alcoholic beverages—an increase of 9 percent over last year, according to a new national survey conducted online

by The Harris Poll on behalf of IBWA. Bottled water is noted as the most preferred beverage, followed by coffee at 61 percent and soft drinks (regular and/ or diet) at 59 percent.

Nearly all Americans (93 percent) say bottled water should be available wherever other drinks are sold, with 89 percent saying they drink bottled water while they travel, 82 percent of employed Americans drink it at work, and 75 percent of all people drink it at home.

72 percent of Americans say bottled water (still and/or sparkling) is their most preferred non-alcoholic beverage.

The survey of approximately 2,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older also found nearly all Americans (99 percent) drink water—tap, filtered, or bottled. Thirty-seven percent drink both bottled water and tap/filtered water equally. Another 37 percent drink only/mostly bottled water (up 7 percent from last year), which consists of 21 percent who drink mostly bottled water and 16 percent who only drink bottled water. Approximately a quarter of Americans drink only/mostly tap or filtered water (down 10 percent from last year), which consists of 16 percent who drink mostly tap or filtered water, and 10 percent who drink only tap or filtered water.

When asked about their general opinion of bottled water as a beverage choice, 90 percent of Americans had a “very positive” or “somewhat positive” 8

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opinion of bottled water (up 4 percent from last year). Only 10 percent of Americans have a “somewhat” or “very” negative opinion of bottled water as a beverage choice (down 4 percent from last year).

The survey also found that among those who have ever purchased bottled water, people who identify bottled water as among their most preferred beverages are more likely than those who prefer soda to say that they always/often recycle their water containers at home (71 percent vs. 67 percent). This is consistent with a 2017 PET bale analysis study that found bottled water is the most recycled product in curbside recycling systems, with a rate of 53.9 percent, compared to soda bottles, which was 20.4 percent. The 2017 study, by the National Association of PET Container Resources, included other food and beverage containers in its analytics.

When asked who should be primarily responsible for recycling empty bottled water containers, 78 percent of Americans said consumers; 59 percent said companies (bottled water producers and retailers), 31 percent said government, and 21 percent said all of the above.

Bottled water drinkers find many factors important when choosing a beverage, but taste (98 percent), quality (98 percent), and safety (90 percent) are at the top of their list.

Bottled water drinkers also say that features like ready to enjoy (81 percent), convenient packaging when on the go (81 percent), and re-sealable containers (75 percent) are important to them when choosing a beverage.

Sixty-eight percent of bottled water drinkers say low calories are important when choosing a beverage, while 70 percent say the lack of artificial sweeteners is important.

Eighty-four percent of Americans say they should drink more water, and 91 percent believe that bottled water is a healthy and convenient beverage.

“The results of this poll are consistent with recent consumption figures that show, for a third year in a row, bottled water is the No.1 packaged beverage in the United States,” says Jill Culora, IBWA’s vice president of communications. “People are continuing to shift away from less healthy packaged drinks and are choosing the healthiest option: bottled water.”

Using #HydrationFastFacts to Spread the Truth About Healthy Hydration on Social Media

IBWA’s latest social media campaign—#HydrationFastFacts—includes graphics that present scientifically backed statements on the importance of water consumption. Use these #HydrationFastFacts to complement your current efforts on social media to educate your customers, consumers, and others about healthy hydration and bottled water.

Having easy access to these graphics will come in handy for members who are trying to update their social media profiles regularly but are having a hard time thinking of new ideas for posts. Members can quickly go to the IBWA website and download a post and use it that day, tagging the post with #HydrationFastFacts.

Visit www.bottledwater.org/hydrationfastfacts for more.

COVER STORY

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W E N E N TO S U J E K IS MA H U T O N Y O I F I LUT O S E R E: N O YEAR’S S I H T E K A M , YEAR

K N I R D  E R O M R E T WA ey, PhD

h J. Duff

By Kiya

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The new year holds much promise for starting over and beginning anew. It’s why so many of us—as many as 40 percent of American’s by some estimates—make New Year’s resolutions. Self-improvement is often the focus of those resolutions.

In fact, according to a recent poll, three of the top five New Year’s resolutions made in 2017 had some connection to improving one’s health: No.1: Diet or eat healthier. No.2: Exercise more. No.3: Lose weight.

Yet by February, despite our most valiant efforts, 80 percent of us have already given up on our resolutions, and, by the end of the year, just 8 percent say they have actually achieved them. There are myriad reasons why we fail to achieve the goals we set for ourselves on January 1: our goals are too lofty, we don’t establish concrete steps to achieve the goals, we have too many resolutions, our environment doesn’t change in a way to support our new habits, and the benchmarks for success take too long to reach.

Given the failure rate—and difficulty making achievable New Year’s resolutions—it may seem strange to encourage anyone to adopt a resolution this year, but that’s exactly what you should do. But this year, make just one New Year’s resolution: DRINK MORE WATER.

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Rule of Thumb: To stay adequately hydrated, the average adult should drink 1 mL of fluid for every 1 calorie consumed per day.

So, someone consuming 2,000 calories should consume roughly 8 cups of water each day to meet fluid needs.

Water Intake Recommendations Recognizing that total fluid requirements are fluid (pun intended) and variable among different individuals, the Panel on Water and Electrolytes of the National Academy of Medicine (in the United States) provided guidance for total fluid requirements, setting adequate intake at 3.7 L/ day for men and 2.7 L/day for women (www.nap.edu/ read/10925/chapter/6). Ideally, 80 percent of your fluid needs would come from beverages and 20 percent from foods, which translates into water intake of 3 L/day for men and 2.2 L/day for women.

In Europe, recommendations are slightly different. In 2010, the European Food Safety Authority set forth guidelines for total fluid intake at 2.5 L/day and 2 L/day (for men and women, respectively)—meaning that adult men should drink 2 L/day and women should drink 1.6 L/day (efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j. efsa.2010.1459). Although all European countries have been encouraged to adopt these recommendations in their individual dietary guidelines—and some have— there are still others who haven’t. France, for example, recommends ad libitum—or at will—intake, which may leave some in the general public consuming too little.

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all physiological processes, including the maintenance of adequate blood volume, transportation of nutrients, removal of waste, cell metabolism, and regulation of body temperature (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19724292).

While physiological benefits of drinking enough water are numerous, ensuring adequate hydration has other health benefits—especially when it replaces other, more sugary beverages. Water has been shown to facilitate weight loss and improve cardiometabolic outcomes when it was consumed in place of diet beverages among overweight and obese women participating in a weight-loss program (www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537940).

Some studies have demonstrated positive impacts on energy intake, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and weight loss, but the results are not consistent across studies or populations (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC4728633). Still, drinking water instead of caloric beverages decreased energy intake when food intake was ad libitum, increased energy expenditure among obese individuals, and increased fat oxidation when insulin concentrations were not elevated and when water was consumed instead of caloric beverages.

Drinking enough water can also positively impact your mood and cognitive performance (issuu.com/ibwa/ docs/bwrjanfeb2017.final). Among women, those with higher levels of water intake reported significantly lower levels of tension, depression, confusion, and something called total mood disturbance, an aggregate measure of numerous aspects of overall mood (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/25963107).

Regardless of how much an individual country or guidance panel recommends, the message is consistent: water is critical for health.

Conversely, dehydration can negatively impact an individuals’ health and daily activities in a number of ways. Even mild dehydration—a body water loss of 1-2 percent—can impair cognitive abilities, especially in children and the elderly, and dehydration of this level can easily occur through routine activities of daily living (www.karger.com/ Article/FullText/463060). Continued decline in cognitive abilities is observed as levels of dehydration worsen (www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716932). In women, aspects of mood were negatively affected (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/22716932) during fluid deprivation, and children have also been shown to experience deficits in cognitive functioning (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22841529) as a result of inadequate water intake.

Water’s Health Benefits

Kids Especially: Drink Up!

Obtaining enough fluid and staying hydrated is vitally important for human health because of water’s role in nearly

When compared to adults, children have higher fluid requirements per body mass, and there is evidence that

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HEALTHY HYDRATION

a large portion—more than 50 percent—of children are not maintaining adequate hydration (www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/26066941). In this same study, one in four children did not drink any water, and three-in-four were shown to drink at least one serving of a sugary beverage daily. Inadequate hydration can have implications on not only overall health—having been linked to the development

of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and chronic kidney disease—but also physical and cognitive performance (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954).

Several studies among school-aged kids have demonstrated that children with higher, more recent fluid intake had better concentration and memory scores (onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/abs/10.1111/josh.12391). Overall performance

STRATEGIES TO HELP YOU DRINK MORE WATER

Below are some specific ideas that you can implement to add more water to your day.

But don’t be limited by these suggestions! Think about your routine and current habits, and find new and creative ways to Drink More Water!

1. Location, Location, Location • Put a glass or bottle of water where you spend time, as encouragement to consume it regularly.

This could be beside your bed, at your desk, in the car, or by the kitchen sink—wherever you spend a significant amount of time.

• Make it visible. Keep a pitcher at the front of the fridge or have a large family dispenser that sits on the counter. Keeping water in plain sight will be a great reminder to have some.

2. Set Reminders • Set a timer to remind yourself to drink water. Set a timer for every 45 or 90 minutes (whatever feels right to you). Add a short stretch break at the same time, to get a few more steps in throughout the day!

• Drink one cup 15 minutes before a meal. Drinking water before a meal serves two purposes: it is a great pre-determined “reminder” to drink, and it fills you up just a little before you eat. Drinking water before a meal has been shown to result in lower calorie intake (www.nytimes.com/2010/11/16/ health/16really.html).

3. Make It a Habit • Tie drinking water to something you already do. Before or after brushing your teeth, walking the dog in the morning, getting the morning paper, or walking in the door from work, drink water. Linking this behavior to something that is already a habit will help promote retention of your “drink more water” habit too!

• Drink one cup of water before your first morning beverage. Before your first cup of coffee, or orange juice with breakfast, make sure you’ve had some water. Even half a glass or bottle will help boost your daily intake.

• Replace one. Do you currently drink a lot of other kinds of beverages? Start by replacing just one of your non-water beverages each day with water. Even this small change can have a positive effect on your energy intake and health.

4. Ensure You (and Your Kids) Have Regular Access • Drink from a container that you like. Consider the size, material, and other elements that would positively influence your drinking! For example, would you prefer a container that keeps your water cool? How about drinking from a “fancy” glass that makes drinking water special?

• Buy one for your kids, too. Have your kids carry a (spill-proof!) water bottle to school. Encourage your kids’ teachers to provide frequent water breaks or ensure that water is freely available throughout the day.

5. Use Flavor to Your Benefit • Flavor your water. Plain drinking water can become monotonous, and when it does you’re likely to stop drinking it. Use fruits, vegetables (yes, vegetables!), and herbs to create subtle flavors without adding artificial ingredients or added calories.

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Overall, performance of school children is improved when water is provided freely during class. of schoolchildren is systematically impaired when hydration levels are manipulated but is improved when water is provided freely during class.

Under certain conditions, replacement of sugary beverages (including juice) with water in the school setting has also been shown to decrease total energy intake and reduce weight gain when adolescents were already overweight or obese, meaning they had excess body fat for their height and weight (www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/ nejmoa1203388). Although similar benefits in BMI change have not always been observed in normal weight children who increase water consumption, they still experience cognitive benefits from increased water consumption during the school day.

Actions for Habit-Building Success Although most resolutions never make it past a few weeks, there are some things we know about changing and creating habits that can help make your “Drink More Water” resolution a success. As a starting point, you have already defined a very clear goal. To make it even easier to achieve, think about the specific actions you will take: “Drink one more glass of water each day” or “Drink one glass of water as soon as I wake up.” Keeping your goal small, clear, and 14

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easily measurable and identifying specific strategies that can help you achieve this goal will set you up for success.

Once you’ve determined how you’ll achieve your goal, think about how you’ll track and monitor your progress.

One of the strategies employed by those who successfully lose weight—and maintain that weight loss—is daily weighing. This provides regular feedback on progress. So, how will you track and measure your progress toward meeting your Drink More Water goal?

Finally, spend a little time figuring out what will motivate you. Motivation is a powerful tool, and, because the factors that motivate each of us vary widely, it’s important to figure out what will work best for you. Be sure you include some positive—rewards that feel good when accomplished (i.e., making a big red X on your calendar each day)—and negative—feedbacks that won’t feel so good (i.e., having your best friend ask you if you’ve reached your goal each day)— motivations to ensure that you fully support your success.

Remember, it takes time for new habits to form, so be patient with yourself and try not to let slips in your routine stop you altogether!

Kiyah J. Duffey, PhD, is adjunct faculty in Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise at Virginia Tech and president of Kiyah Duffey Consulting, Inc. (www.kiyahduffey.com), a firm that specializes in food research and policy consulting for businesses and non-profits. She is also the founder and CEO of Kizingo (www.kizingokids.com), a company whose mission is to design science-informed products that promote healthy mealtime habits. Want to know more? Email her: kiyah.duffey@gmail.com or kiyah@kizingokids.com.

PROMOTING

HEALTHY HYDRATION

FOR ALL How IBWA is working to ensure water’s important role in a healthy diet is recognized in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, on MyPlate, and on product labels too

By Chris Torres

You can find an abundance of scientific research that shows water is the healthiest beverage option when pursuing a healthy diet, but that message could benefit from more attention in America’s federal health initiatives.

That’s why IBWA and the bottled water industry are pushing for those initiatives to include more references about the benefits of water consumption.

IBWA continues to advocate actively for pro-water consumption messages to be published in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) and for acknowledgement of water’s role in helping prevent chronic diseases

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Fruits

Grains

Vegetables

Dairy

Protein

continuing to work on adding a symbol

Eat a variety of protein Choose whole-grain Choose low-fat (1%) or for water to the MyPlate nutrition versions of common fat-free (skim) dairy. foods such as beans, Get thealongside same amount foods such as bread, graphic, to be placed the current soy, seafood, lean pasta, and tortillas. of calcium and other meats, poultry, and symbol for dairy.

In addition, nutrients as whole because milk, unsalted nuts and seed Buyeating fruits that Not sure if it’s whole less Administration saturated Find your healthy style.are Everything you eat and drink over time the U.S. Foodbut andwith Drug mattersdried, and can help you be healthier now and frozen, in the future.

Fresh, and canned grain? Check the fat and calories.

Select seafood twice a frozen, canned, or fresh, so that you count, too. Look for ingredients list (FDA) for the is seeking to revise its definition of week. Choose lean cut can always have a “reduced sodium” words “whole” or intolerant? Try meat and ground “healthy” to reflLactose ect present-day nutrition ofbeef Move to low-fat or “whole grain.” lactose-free milk or a that is at least supply on hand. or “no-salt-added” on fat-free milk or yogurt.

93% lean. the label. fortifiedis soy beverage. that science, the industry optimistic Focus on whole fruits and select 100% fruit juice when choosing juices.

Eat a variety of vegetables and add them to mixed dishes like casseroles, sandwiches, and wraps.

United States Department of Agriculture

MyPlate, MyWins: Make it yours

bottled water will soon be able to use the

Daily Food Group Targets — Based a 2,000 Calorie Plan termon “healthy” on product labels.

Make half your grains

Focus on whole fruits.

Vary your veggies.

Limit

Limit the extras.

Visit SuperTracker.usda.gov for a personalized plan. whole grains.

2 cups

2½ cups

1 cup counts as:

1 cup counts as:

Water 6 ounces Vary your protein

routine.

1 large banana 2 cups raw spinach 1 cup mandarin oranges 1 large bell pepper ½ cup raisins baby carrots ChooseMyPlate MyPlate.gov11cup 1 cup 100% grapefruit juice cup green peas 1 cup mushrooms MyWins

Drink and eat beverages and food with less sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars.

Create ‘MyWins’ that fit your healthy eating style.

Start with small changes that you can enjoy, like having an extra piece of fruit today.

Regular soda, energy or sports drinks, and other sweet drinks usually contain a lot of added sugar, which provides more calories than needed.

MyPlate, MyWins

Healthy Eating Solutions for Everyday Life ChooseMyPlate.gov/MyWins

and encouraging healthier lifestyles.

We achieved success in the 20152020 DGAs, which expressly state that calorie-free drinks—especially water—should be the primary beverages consumed. The current DGAs also encourage a shift to healthier, no-sugaradded beverages—such as water—in place of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Furthermore, as the DGAs serve as the evidence-based foundation for MyPlate, the MyPlateMyWins nutrition guide, located on the USDA’s website (bit.ly/ MyPlateMyHydrationWins), specifically highlights the need to choose water instead of sugary drinks.

For the 2020-2025 DGAs, IBWA is striving for inclusion of even more references about the benefits of water consumption. While the recognition of water on the online MyPlateMyWins guide was an achievement, IBWA is 16

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5½ ounces 1 ounce counts as:

1 slice of bread 1 cup milkby the U.S. 1 ounce tuna fish Developed every five years ½ cup cooked oatmeal 1 cup yogurt ¼ cup cooked beans Department2 of Agriculture 1 small tortilla ounces processed(USDA) cheese 1 Tbsp peanut butter ½ cup cooked brown 1 egg and rice Department of Health and Human ½ cup cooked grits

Drink water instead of sugary drinks.

Water

in the 3 cups 2020-2025 DGAs 1 cup counts as:

1 ounce counts as:

Services (HHS), the DGAs are a critical resource used by policymakers and health Don’t and nutrition professionals. forget physical activity!

Beingare active help prevent disease and mana The guidelines alsocan used to you inform weight. federal foodyour programs, such as USDA’s Kids ≥ 60 min/day Adults ≥ 150 min/week National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program, which feed more than 30 million children Center for Nutrition Policy and Prom May each school day, and the Special CNP Supplemental Nutrition Program for USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and le Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), which uses the DGAs as the scientific underpinning for its food packages and nutrition education program for approximately 8 million beneficiaries.

Within HHS, the Administration on Aging implements the DGAs through the Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs, with nearly 5,000 communitybased nutrition service providers serving more than 900,000 meals a day across the United States. Other federal government departments, such as the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs, and audiences, such as schools, community groups, and businesses, use the DGAs to inform the development of their programs, policies, and communications serving the general public. The DGAs' recommendations illustrate for consumers eating patterns that are designed to help prevent diet-related chronic diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle.

IBWA also suggested an additional category for the DGAs, titled “Consumer Education on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,” which would determine if the existing MyPlate nutritional graphic reflects current science about the role of food and beverages (including water) in a healthy diet. IBWA specifically requested that the DGAs recommend water be added to the MyPlate graphic.

When the USDA/HHS began accepting submissions on February 28, 2018, for the topic and question identification stage of the DGAs, IBWA submitted written comments. We supported USDA and HHS’s inclusion of water as part of complementary beverages for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 months, and beverages in each of the other life stages from 2 years to 64 years of age. However, IBWA also requested consideration of the important hydration needs for adults aged 65 and older. The water needs for humans don’t diminish as they age, but it can become more of a challenge for older adults to stay properly hydrated. Their thirst sensation decreases and can result in higher risks of dehydration. Conditions such as hypertension, the use of diuretics, and using multiple medications can also lead to decreased hydration.

IBWA’s written comments supplemented previous oral comments from the association, which were provided during a USDA 2020 DGAs listening session held on November 28, 2017. To read IBWA’s full comments, visit www.regulations.gov/ document?D=FNS-2018-0005-5798.

In September 2018, the USDA and HHS signed off on its final topics and questions for the 2020 DGAs. The topics consist of seven categories: (1) current dietary intake and nutrients of public health concern, (2) dietary patterns, (3) beverages, (4) added sugars, (5) types of dietary fats, (6) seafood, and (7) frequency of eating. Water is included in the beverages category, along with cow’s milk, milk alternatives, 100-percent fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, beverages with high-intensity sweeteners (also known as artificial

TALKING HYDRATION ON CAPITOL HILL

(Left) IBWA members, staff, and counsel visited Capitol Hill to discuss the industry's desire to see stronger messaging on healthy hydration in the forthcoming DGAs. (Right) IBWA Government Relations Committee Co-chair Derieth Sutton (Niagara Bottling) and Senator Bill Nelson (D-FL).

2020-2025 DGAs

For the 2020-2025 edition of the DGAs, the focus will be on life stages from birth through older adulthood.

The plan is to expand the current DGAs to include information for pregnant women and children from birth to 24 months of age. The inclusion of this group originates from the Agricultural Act of 2014, also known as the “Farm Bill.”

WHEN SHOULD WATER BE INTRODUCED TO CHILDREN? For infants, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has suggested that infants should consume nothing but breast milk or infant formula for the first four months (bit.ly/WICWorksWater).

From four to six months of age, depending on a recommendation from the child’s health-care provider, an infant could be introduced to sterile water at 4 to 8 ounces per day.

sweeteners), caffeinated beverages, and alcohol.

Also in September, USDA and HHS requested nominations for the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). IBWA worked

The bottled water industry has also been active on Capitol Hill regarding efforts on the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs). Throughout 2018, IBWA and industry representatives visited congressional offices to discuss the bottled water industry’s engagement in the drafting of the 2020 DGAs, among other matters.

IBWA members advocated for stronger messaging about healthy hydration in the guidelines, as well as the inclusion of water on the MyPlate nutrition guide.

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Global Water Consumption Guidelines 14. Costa Rica:

Ministry of Health Sample GlobalAuthor: Water Website Link: http://www.fao.org/3/a-as859s.pdf Author: Ministry of Health Conusmption Guidelines Chile:

with its Healthy Hydration Task Force to identify and submit candidate 5.

Belgium names for the DGAC by the October 12.

Author: Vlaams Instituut Gezond Leven (Flemish Institute for Health Website Link: Promotion) 6 deadline. The job of the DGAC will Author: Ministry of Health http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000000817cnt-2016-04_Guia_Alimentaria_completa_web.pdf Argentina Belgium Website Link: https://www.gezondleven.be/themas/voeding/voedingsdriehoek be to review evidence about the topics Website Link: http:/ /www.integra.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/GUIAS-ALIMENTARIAS.pdf and questions submitted. During Key Message: It is recommended to take six thatwater process, the aDGAC will hold Key Message: Drink aboveof all,fluid to eight glasses day, of which at 1.5 liter/day leastapproximately four must be pure water five public meetings. The Key Message: To stay hydrated, drink 6–8 glasses Key Message: Drink 8 glasses of safe water every day of water a day DGAC will then publish a scientific Date of record: 2011 for the public by Spring 2020. report Following that, the 2020 DGAs will be Date of record: 2017 Date of record: 04/2016 developed by USDA and HHS. 15. Croatia: Date of record: 2013 1.

Argentina:

Key Message: Drink 8 glasses of water every day.

13. China: 2.

Australia:

Food in Action and Institut Paul (Walloon KeyAuthor: Message: Drink 8 Lambin glasses recommendations)

Author: Croatian National Institute for Public Health of water every day.

Website Link: https://www.foodinaction.com/telechargez-pyramide-alimentaire/

Website Link: https://www.hzjz.hr/en/

Author: Chinese Nutrition Society

Author: Australian Government

China

Croatia

Website Link: http://dg.en.cnsoc.org

Website Link: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating Key Message: Drink a sufficient amount of water every day, and select suitable beverages Drink 1200 ml of water per day.

17 November 2017

Key Message: Drink plenty of water

Key Message: Drink as much water as you want

Adding Water to MyPlate

Key Message: Experts nowadays Among the resources influenced by the recommend 6-8 glasses of water daily Date of record: 02/2017 DGAs, throughout thethe yearMyPlate but recentnutrition studies graphic 3/ Global Water Consumption Guidelines have raised this amount even further to is probably the most recognized by the 10 cups for women and 12That’ cups sfor men. MyPlate American public. because

is posted in schools nationwide and can also be found in nutrition education programs such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) and WIC.

Date of record: 2017

Date of record: 2016

Key Message: Experts nowadays recommend 6-8

Key Message: Drink 1200 ml of glasses of water daily throughout the year but 23. have Germany: recent studies raised this amount even further water per day.

Date of record: 05/2017to 10 cups for women and 12 cups for men.

17 November 2017 7/ Global Water Consumption Guidelines 18.

IBWA will continue to provide input to the DGAC, USDA, and HHS as they work on this important issue.

Author: German Nutrition Society 45.

Nordic Countries 17 November 2017 1/ Global Water Consumption Guidelines Author: The Office of the First Lady and the Ministry of Public Health Website Link:Council http://www.dge.de/ernaehrungspraxis/vollwertige-ernaehrung/10-regeln-der-dge/ Author: Nordic of Ministers Dominican Republic:

Website Link: http://www.fao.org/3/a-as866s.pdf Dominican Republic

Germany

8/ Global Water Consumption Guidelineson MyPlate, Dairy is currently featured and IBWA is advocating for a water symbol to be added to the nutrition Key Message: The guiding value for daily Key Message: Drink at least 8 glasses of water every intake of drinking fluidsisright for adults andtoto graphic, next theMake dairy icon.

Message: Water essential life. sure your day to ensure quality of life children performing moderate physical daily fluid intake is approximately 1½ litres.

Rather As IBWA Director of Science and activity and living under moderate choose conditions water, carbonated temperate is 1–1.5 litresor of non-carbonated, and Research Alin Lear explains, “Water is other beverages calories. water in addition to thelow water derived from foods essential for the normal, healthy funcDate of record: October 2009 Date of record: 2017 tioning of the human body, it simply Date of record: 2014 Key Message: Water is essential would be impossible to have a healthy Key Message: Drink at least 8 glasses of 19. Elday Salvador: to life. Make sure your daily fluid water every to ensure quality of life. diet without adequate water consump46.

Oman: intake is approximately 1.5 liters.

33. Japan: 24. Greece Author: Ministry of Health tion. Yet, water is noticeably absent on Author: Department of Nutrition, Ministry of Health Author:Link: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Website http://www.fao.org/3/a-as867s.pdf Author: Ministries of Health, Education and Agriculture andprominent by the National the most educational tool Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Website Link: http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-based-dietarySchool of Public Health guidelines/regions/countries/oman/en/ Website Link: http://www.maff.go.jp/j/balance_guide/b_use/pdf/eng_reiari.pdf that the government uses to promote a Japan Oman Website Link: http://www.nut.uoa.gr./dietaryENG.html healthy diet—the MyPlate nutritional Key Message: Drink at least 6–8 glasses of water guidance graphic.” every day.

17 November 2017

Website link: http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:745789/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Key Message: The guide recommends drinking plenty of water.

Date of record: 2017 17 November 2017

Date of record: 2010

Key Message: The guide recom34. Kenya mends drinking plenty of water.

Author: Ministry of Health

Water is recognized by approximately 49 countries in their nutrition guidKey Message: Drink plenty of water ance graphics. It is promoted in guidance such as the Australian Guide to Date of record: 2009 10/ Global Water Consumption Guidelines Healthy Eating, 17 November 2017 24/ Global Water Consumption GuidelinesChina’s Food Pagoda, Key Message: Be active, exercise France’s Food Stairs, Germany’s Nuregularly, and drink plenty of water.

Circle, Japan’s Spinning Top Date of record: trition 1999 17 November 2017

Website Link: http://www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/kenya/en/

18

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WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG Key message: Drink plenty of safe water

Date of record: 2017

Key Message: Be active, exercise regularly and drink plenty of water.

13/ Global Water Consumption Guidelines

When the 2015 DGAs were issued, USDA promoted water in its “MyPlate MyWins” online nutrition guide (bit. ly/MyPlateMyHydrationWins), but a symbol to recognize water on MyPlate was not adopted.

Use of “Healthy” on Bottled Water Labeling In addition to our efforts on the 2020 DGAs, IBWA continues to seek FDA’s approval for companies to use the term “healthy” on bottled water labels.

IBWA’s current work on this issue began in September 2016, when FDA issued a Federal Register notice requesting comments about using “healthy” on human food product labeling.

FDA is seeking to revise its definition of “healthy” to better reflect the evolving landscape of nutritional science. As that government agency states on its website, making this process public was part of FDA’s overall plan to “provide consumers with information and tools to enable them to easily and quickly make food choices consistent with public health recommendations and to encourage the development of healthier foods by the industry” (bit.ly/HealthyOnFoodLabeling).

This will be the first time FDA is updating the regulation in over two decades. “Healthy” on food labels was first regulated back in the early 1990s, when the focus was on the reduction of fat in the diet. Food that met certain criteria for the content of fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol, and contained certain minimum amounts of nutrients like vitamins and minerals, could

be labeled as "healthy." The term was not permitted on bottled water labels.

In IBWA’s view, there are several reasons why bottled water should be able to use the term “healthy” on product labeling. “First, water consumption is consistently recommended in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and other government guidelines,” says Lear. “Second, not only is drinking water strongly encouraged by the government, but the public health community also widely recognizes that water is a preferred source of hydration and contributes to good health.

Scientific research shows that drinking water positively influences a number of healthy bodily functions and organs.

Third, water is a healthy alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages, and its consumption is encouraged to help reduce calorie consumption.”

For consumers, seeing “healthy” on bottled water labeling could enable them to easily and quickly make beverage choices consistent with public health recommendations, says Lear. For parents, it can help educate them about making healthy beverage choices for not only themselves but also their children.

In August of last year, FDA issued a letter denying IBWA's request for FDA to exercise enforcement discretion for use of displaying the term “healthy” on bottled water labels. However, in that letter, Director of Nutrition and Food Labeling at the Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) Douglas Balen­tine, PhD, wrote that “updating the regulatory criteria for the nutrient content claim ‘healthy’ is an Agency priority.”

The letter also mentioned how FDA was in the process of developing a proposed rule to update the regulatory definition of “healthy,” and that the Agency was considering all comments received, including IBWA’s request to permit

2020-2025 DGAs

Food Guide, Spain’s Food Pyramid, and the United Kingdom’s Eatwell Guide. IBWA suggests that the United States should join these other countries in providing pro-water consumption messaging and, Lear states, “be a leader in the promotion of water as part of a healthy diet.”

For more information about the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, visit www. dietaryguidelines.gov. To find information about MyPlate, visit www.choosemyplate.gov.

bottled water companies to use the term "healthy" on product labels.

“The proposed rule will consider the issues you raised with us regarding bottled water,” Balentine states in the letter. “We aim to publish the proposed rule for ‘healthy’ in the near future.”

More information on this matter will become available from FDA in the coming months.

Plans for 2019 IBWA continues to monitor the progress of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. At press time, it is expected that the DGAC members will be announced during the early part of 2019. Once established, the DGAC will hold five public meetings throughout the year, and IBWA will provide input on the work of the DGAC during those meetings. Although MyPlate is not a specific topic at this point in the DGA process, IBWA will continue to advocate for inclusion of water on the MyPlate graphic. “In today’s on-the-go society, most of what we drink comes in a package,” says Lear. “Therefore, encouraging specific, smart, healthy dietary choices—like bottled water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages—should be considered to encourage individuals to lead more active and healthy lives.

Bottled water brings water within arm’s reach for anyone.”

Chris Torres is IBWA’s communications coordinator. Contact him at ctorres@ bottledwater.org.

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Case Study: Recycled Content in California (Part II)

By James Toner, IBWA Director of Government Relations

In the November/December 2018 issue of Bottled Water Reporter, this column outlined legislative efforts in California to establish a mandate for recycled content in plastic beverage containers. In August 2018, with a recess looming before the state’s legislature, California’s mandatory recycled content bill (SB 168), as it stood, was not favorable to the bottled water industry. The final version of the bill included several provisions that made 20

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it impossible for IBWA to support it: a 20 percent mandate by 2020; a daily financial penalty; the potential for a charge of perjury for non-compliance; monthly reporting; and measurement based on a per container basis, not an aggregate figure for all products. For those reasons, IBWA and our allies took action to defeat the onerous proposal.

IBWA had previously traveled to Sacramento in April 2018 to discuss

with members of the California Assembly industry’s opposition to proposed legislation that would require beverage caps to be tethered to the bottle. IBWA and our allies were able to defeat two versions of that proposal.

During those meetings with state lawmakers, IBWA floated the idea of a better alternative to tethered caps: use of more recycled content material in beverage containers. Because we

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS knew the ultimate goal of environmental groups in the state was increased recycled content, we worked to focus legislators on that, thereby reducing interest on the tethered caps issue. However, when discussing recycled content, it was important to emphasize that any proposed legislation would need to focus on what was realistically achievable.

During meetings with legislators, IBWA staff and members expressed our support of the concept of recycled content, with a few caveats. While SB 168 was being debated, those caveats served as our talking points on recycled content. As the bill progressed in the Assembly, it was clear that industry’s concerns about the recycling content mandate had not been considered.

Overcoming Obstacles While the tethered cap debate had ended for the session, other factors were in play that were influencing the recycled content mandate issue. For example, rather than introduce a ballot initiative that would have prevented a possible soda tax, beverage manufacturers negotiated a legislative solution that banned local soda taxes for 12 years. This infuriated many local elected officials, and the response was a proposal in Los Angeles that included a recycled content mandate as well as a tethered caps requirement.

After several rounds of amendments, the bill’s sponsor, Senator Bob Wieckowski (D), stated that he was no longer open to further amendments.

Although IBWA and our allies had offered suggestions, Wieckowski’s staff was unwilling to accept additional amendments. However, we discovered that was not entirely true—as Wieckowski’s office continued to make changes to the bill based on suggestions from environmental groups.

As SB 168 continued to advance through the committee path, it was

ALTHOUGH SB 168 WAS DEFEATED IN 2018, IBWA IS ALREADY DISCUSSING NEXT STEPS WITH ALLIES FOR 2019. clear this would be a battle on the Assembly floor. Having gone through two rounds of similar battles on the tethered caps issue, IBWA knew that killing the bill in the Assembly was the only hope of preventing it from becoming law. If a bill approved by the Assembly reached the Senate, there was little chance the Senate would reject the Assembly’s proposal.

As recess approached, the bill experienced several “false starts” (i.e., occasions when word spread that the bill was scheduled to be addressed by the Assembly but it was not). This was the first good sign—because the longer the bill languished on the Assembly calendar, the better IBWA’s chances were for preventing it for coming up for debate. As the days passed, it became clear that the Assembly had a huge list of issues to address prior to adjourning for recess. Those last few days, when the full Assembly voted on a wide range of issues, were long and contentious, another thing that worked in IBWA’s favor.

Ultimately, IBWA’s hardest fight occurred during the last days of the Assembly’s 2018 session. As with the tethered cap debate, a concern existed that lawmakers would amend the SB 168 to apply to plastic water bottles only. However, the coalition against the bill stayed strong and united because those that could have been carved out of the proposed legislation knew that, even if the bill advanced as “bottled water only” now, during the next session

legislators would come after all plastic beverage containers. The plan remained to stop the proposed legislation and work during the interim to offer a better option for 2019.

During the final days of the Assembly’s 2018 session, we anxiously waited for the bill to be addressed. In California, a bill can be recalled three times for a vote before it has to be final. If you are a proponent of a bill and don’t like the outcome of a vote, you can recall the bill, reenergize your supporters, and try again. This was the path of SB 168. After two rounds of voting, the bill had a slight majority in favor but not the number required to pass the bill. Supporters recalled it both times hoping to find those extra votes.

However, on the third round of voting it was clear their efforts would fall short: the “no” votes on the bill outnumbered the "yes" votes. IBWA’s coalition members scoured the list of Assembly members who had not yet voted on the bill and quickly realized that there was no path to victory for supporters. Although the bill was recalled for the last time, supporters knew they would not obtain the needed votes. SB 168 went down in defeat, and IBWA and our allies immediately began discussing next steps for 2019.

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Making Online Campaigns Work for You

By Chris Torres, IBWA Communications Coordinator

Social media apps have made the lives of communications professionals a little easier by improving the tools that help us reach our desired audiences and providing analytics that are more user friendly. Regardless of the social media platform you prefer, you’ll probably enjoy the tasks associated with brand or product promotion more now because you have the tools to really connect with customers online. However, not all social media apps are made the same, so you may want to do a little research on what platform will help your marketing efforts be more successful. When starting a new campaign, you’ll want to consider many factors, including the content you’re promoting and your desired demographic.

Finding Your Target When choosing what social media channel is appropriate for a specific brand or campaign, it’s important to 22

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know the demographics of each platform. While Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat are gaining ground, Facebook continues to have the most monthly active users. According to Statista, a provider of online statistics, Facebook has about 2.27 billion users; Instagram is next, with about 1 billion.

If you want to target a younger audience, then Instagram or Snapchat are probably your best options. According to the Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan fact tank that has been surveying Americans about their use of social media since 2012, 78 percent of Americans between 18-24 use Snapchat, while 71 percent of that age group can be found on Instagram (bit.ly/2018socialmediause). About 80 percent of that demographic is on Facebook, but that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s their preferred social media app.

It seems U.S. teens are not big fans of Facebook, with just 9 percent of them

identifying it as their favorite social media platform, according to Statista. What did they prefer? Snapchat topped the list, at 47 percent, followed by Instagram (24 percent). Twitter placed fourth at 7 percent (bit.ly/BITeensSnapchat).

If you’re seeking to target adults aged 30 and above, then Facebook becomes a best bet. With the most monthly active users at 2.27 billion, you’re likely to find your biggest 30-plus audience there.

According to Pew, 78 percent of people aged 30-49 are on Facebook, followed by 65 percent of people aged 50-64, and 41 percent of people aged 65 and older [bit.ly/2018PEWtable].

For the 65+ demographic, that number has doubled from 2012, when it was 20 percent (bit.ly/PEW8FBfacts).

Putting Research Into Practice IBWA recently used promotional tools on a few of our social media channels

COMMUNICATIONS to drive attention to our “Put It In The Bin” campaign. For this nine-week campaign that focused on the value of recycling, we wanted to target millennials (people born between 1981-1996). We focused on this group because research has shown they are less likely to recycle than other generations.

To connect with these 22-37 year olds, we first went to the social media platform they prefer: Instagram. According to Hootsuite, 34 percent of Instagram users are millennials (bit.ly/ HootsuiteInstaStats). We also posted on Facebook and Twitter.

After promoting our posts on Instagram and boosting them on Facebook, we reached nearly 1 million people during the campaign—and that count doesn’t include the reach of our campaign partners: Keep America Beautiful, the National Association for PET Container Resources

YOUR CUSTOMERS ARE ONLINE— SHOULDN’T YOU BE TOO? (NAPCOR), the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS), the Northeast Recycling Council (NERC), Wyoming Alliance for Environmental Education, and the Florida Recycling Partnership. In addition, our follower count on Instagram grew by 25 percent.

Join Us Online The takeaway is this: If an association the size of IBWA can have success on social media, so can you! If you’ve never created an account on Facebook, Instagram, or any other popular social media app, it may seem overwhelming

at first. But, according to Facebook, there are 80 million small- and medium-sized business pages on the platform (bit.ly/ Hootesuite41FBstats). Meanwhile back on Instagram, there are 25 million business profiles, and 80 percent of Instagram users follow at least one business. According to Business Insider, 72 percent of Instagram users alone have said they have purchased a product they saw on the app (bit.ly/InstaShop2017). So, you don’t want to get left behind and miss out on the opportunity to connect in an engaging way with current and potential customers. Your customers are online; shouldn’t you be too?

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Emerging Contaminants Become Regulated Contaminants: PFAS

By Bob Hirst, IBWA Vice President of Education, Science, and Technical Relations

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals that includes PFOA, PFOS, GenX, and many other chemicals.

PFAS have been manufactured and used in a variety of industries around the globe, including in the United States, since the 1940s (not bottled water companies). PFOA and PFOS have been the most extensively produced and studied of these chemicals.

Both chemicals are very persistent in the environment and in the human body—meaning they don’t break down and can accumulate over time. There 24

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is evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse human health effects.

PFAS can be found in the following: • Food packaged in PFAS-containing materials, processed with equipment that used PFAS, or grown in PFAScontaminated soil or water.

• Commercial household products, including stain- and waterrepellent fabrics, nonstick products (e.g., Teflon), polishes, waxes, paints, cleaning products, and fire-fighting foams (a major source of groundwater contamination at airports and

•

•

•

military bases where firefighting training occurs).

Workplaces that use PFAS, including production facilities or industries (e.g., chrome plating, electronics manufacturing, or oil recovery).

Tap water, typically localized and associated with a specific facility (e.g., manufacturer, landfill, wastewater treatment plant, firefighter training facility).

Living organisms, including fish, animals, and humans, where PFAS can build up and persist over time.

TECHNICAL UPDATE PFAS Research There is evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse health outcomes in humans. If humans, or animals, ingest PFAS (by eating or drinking food or water that contain PFAS), the PFAS are absorbed and can accumulate in the body. PFAS stay in the human body for long periods of time. As a result, as people get exposed to PFAS from different sources throughout the course of their lives, the level of PFAS in their bodies may increase to the point where they suffer from adverse health effects.

Studies indicate that PFOA and PFOS can cause reproductive and developmental, liver and kidney, and immunological effects in laboratory animals. Both chemicals have caused tumors in animal studies. The most consistent findings from human epidemiology studies are increased cholesterol levels among exposed populations, with more limited findings related to infant birth weights, effects on the immune system, cancer (for PFOA), and thyroid hormone disruption (for PFOS).

Government Agencies Establish MCLs The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a “Drinking Water Health Advisory Level” for PFOA and PFOS of 70 parts per trillion (ppt) in public drinking water (i.e., tap water). Public water systems that are contaminated with more than 70 ppt must provide an alternate source of drinking water.

To date, bottled water has been a primary alternative source for safe drinking water when tap water has been contaminated with PFAS. EPA will eventually establish a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for PFAS in tap water, but several states are regulating now, or are planning to

BOTTLED WATER HAS BEEN A PRIMARY ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF WATER FOR PUBLIC DRINKING WATER CONTAINING PFAS. regulate soon, these substances in public drinking water. Those states include the following: • New Jersey has finalized new standards and monitoring requirements for PFOA, PFOS, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) for public water systems in the state. The new standards will also require bottle water companies to monitor for these substances beginning in the first quarter of 2019.

• The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) is considering establishing an MCL of 5 ppt for PFAS, which would be the lowest standard in the United States.

• California, New York, and Massachusetts are looking at regulating PFAS at very low levels (<20 ppt).

• Massachusetts has established a list of bottled waters that contain <70 ppt of PFAS, similar to their list of bottled waters with 1 ppb or less of perchlorate. This helps consumers find alternative sources of drinking water if their tap water is contaminated with PFAS. • Other states are regulating various PFAS contaminants or have established PFAS data reporting programs, and that data may be posted online.

The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) has detected PFAS in numerous public water systems, with levels in Parchment, Michigan, reported as high as 20 times the EPA Drinking Water Health Advisory Level. The MDEQ sent a

letter to IBWA in early November 2018 urging the bottled water industry to implement regular testing of bottled water for PFAS as they rely on bottled water as an alternative source of drinking water.

To date, blinded testing data available from IBWA members show that PFAS are not present in bottled water products. However, in order to be able to demonstrate that fact to consumers and government agencies, IBWA’s Technical Committee recently approved a proposal that would require monitoring of PFAS in finished bottled water products produced by IBWA members.

The proposal was then approved by the IBWA Board of Directors. Finished product types will be required to be tested for 14 PFAS contaminants listed in EPA Method 537 in 2019, and, in most cases, every 3 years thereafter.

New products will be tested at any time during the 3-year monitoring period.

In addition, IBWA is implementing operational control limits (OCLs) of 5 ppt for single PFAS compound detections and 10 ppt for multiple PFAS compound detections for triennial testing data.

IBWA staff is developing a guidance document to assist members with sampling protocols and suggested responses to any detections of PFAS. The guidance document should be ready by early 2019. For questions on PFAS and IBWA’s monitoring requirements, please contact Bob Hirst at bhirst@ bottledwater.org.

JAN/FEB 2019

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CPO QUIZ

IBWA

certified plant operators (CPOs) are encouraged to complete the following quiz for ½ IBWA continuing education unit (CEU). The questions are derived from material presented in this issue of the Bottled Water Reporter, the IBWA Plant Technical Reference Manual, and the IBWA Bottled Water Code of Practice. Submit this quiz to Linda Alfakir (lalfakir@bottledwater.org / Fax: 703.683.4074), IBWA Education and Technical Program Coordinator, 1700 Diagonal Road, Suite 650, Alexandria, VA 22134. Look for additional quizzes in future issues and earn additional IBWA CEUs!

Name______________________________________________________

Company_ _________________________________________________

Address____________________________________________________

City_______________________________________________________

State/Province_ _____________________________________________

ZIP/Postal Code_ ___________________________________________

Check your selection for each question

1|

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in _____.

OO OO OO OO

Stain- and water-repellent fabrics Non-stick cookware Certain manufacturing facilities All of the above

2|

IBWA’s policies requiring HACCP, food defense, and recall plans are initially addressed in _____ of the IBWA Code of Practice.

OO OO OO OO

Rule 3 Rule 5 Rule 2 Appendix A

3|

The state that has finalized limits for some PFAS compounds in drinking water, effective in early 2019, is _____.

OO OO OO OO

New York California Pennsylvania New Jersey

4|

The IBWA Code of Practice permits water intended for bottling to share fillers and piping also used for dairy products.

OO True OO False

5|

The principal agencies that issue permits or other legal approvals for use of natural water sources are at the _____ level.

OO OO OO OO

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Federal (FDA) State (agriculture, health, or environmental agency) County Local municipal

WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG

6|

The most consistent findings from human epidemiology studies are increased cholesterol levels among exposed populations, with more limited findings related to:

OO OO OO OO

Infant birth weights Cancer Effects on the immune system All of the above

7|

Nonregulatory testing for coliform and E. coli may be done in the plant by _____.

OO OO OO OO

Qualified plant personnel Certified laboratory technicians Outside certified laboratory Qualified plant personnel or outside certified laboratory

8|

Beginning in 2019, IBWA bottlers will be required to test for 14 PFAS compounds in finished water every 3 years.

OO True OO False

9|

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has established a “Drinking Water Health Advisory Level” of _____ for public drinking water for PFOA and PFOS.

OO OO OO OO

70 ppt 14 ppt 100 ppb 50 ppt

10|

The current requirement for PFAS testing is analysis using _____.

OO OO OO OO

USEPA Method 537 Any approved method USEPA Method 525 USEPA SW-846

CALENDAR 2019

ADVERTISERS Analytical Technology. . . . .www.analyticaltechnology.com. ..Inside Back Cover Blackhawk Molding Co. . . www.blackhawkmolding.com. . . .Inside Front Cover Polymer Solutions Int'l . . . . .www.prostack.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Steelhead Inc. . . . . . . . . . www.steelheadinc.com. . . . . . Outside Back Cover

Support your industry while getting ahead of the competition!

Place an ad in IBWA's Bottled Water Reporter magazine.

IBWAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s award-winning, bimonthly magazine, Bottled Water Reporter, is the only trade magazine in the United States that exclusively targets the bottled water industry. IBWA has proudly been offering digital editions of its magazine online since 2009.

Issues are mailed directly to IBWA members and nonmember subscribers six times a year. Bonus distributions occur during the IBWA Annual Business Conference and Trade Show and the IBWA June Board of Directors and Committee Meetings. Review past issues at www.bottledwater.org/newsroom/bottled-water-reporter.

Contact Stephanie: 817.719.6197 / stephanie@bottledwater.org.

MARCH 6-8

CSBWA Convention and Trade Show River City Casino and Hotel St. Louis, MO

MARCH 25-27

CBWA Annual Convention San Diego, CA

APRIL 10-12

SABWA, MABWA, and SEBWA Convention and Trade Show Atlanta Evergreen Marriott Conference Resort Stone Mountain, GA

BWR 2019 IBWA MEDIA

PLANNER

MAY 1-4

NWBWA Annual Convention Hotel Murano Tacoma, WA

JUNE 3-6 TITLE TITLE

IBWA June Board of Directors and Committee Meetings Hilton Old Town Alexandria, VA

NOVEMBER 18-21

2019 IBWA Annual Business Conference and Trade Show Marriott Anaheim Anaheim, CA

WWW.BOTTLEDWATER.ORG/ MEMBERSHIP JAN/FEB 2019

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27

VALUE OF IBWA MEMBERSHIP JIANHANG WU CHIEF ENGINEER 4R WATER PACKAGING CHINA

ALL ABOUT JIANHANG When not working, Jianhang enjoys spending free time with his family.

Cooking is one of Jianhang’s favorite hobbies.

Jianhang Wu’s career path has been quite unique. He has always enjoyed expressing his creativity and discussing new ideas with others, and he has based his career on that.

Prior to joining the bottled water industry, Jianhang worked in an airplane factory and led the designing of aircraft as a design manager. Following his time there, he made his way into the bottled water industry and has been with the same company since 2006.

Jianhang is the chief engineer of the China-based 4R Water Packaging Machinery Limited, a company that recently joined IBWA in September 2018.

“IBWA gives us a lot of useful information about the industry, including rules, events, and exhibitions,” explains Jianhang.

In his current role at 4R, Jianhang designs various machinery used to produce bottled water, such as filling machines and bottle washing machines. When he began working at the company, Jianhang knew very little about the bottled water industry. But he was a quick learner, and, now, as a member of IBWA, he expects to learn even more. He plans to use his IBWA membership as a way to create new relationships through networking and attending events, such as the IBWA Annual Business Conference and Trade Show. In fact, Jianhang reports he already works with two IBWA member companies.

Created in 1994, 4R Water Packaging Machinery Limited is one of the leading manufacturers of water treatment and packaging systems in China. The company follows a business philosophy of being real, reasonable, reliable, and responsible—toward their customers, their products, and the industry.

4R Water Packaging Machinery Limited’s goal is to be the best manufacturer of water treatment systems and bottling machines worldwide, and be the first choice of top-end bottlers. Its water treatment system produces water for mineral water, spring water, purified water, and other water products. The company manufactures 5 gallon, 5 liter, 10 liter, and PET bottle filling lines.

According to the company’s website, if visiting 4R’s factory, you would be able to view its water filling lines and other machines that are part of its production process. Engineers will discuss their machine features, materials, and other machinery technology.

They also provide advice to those seeking to start a bottled water company.

For more information about 4R Water Packaging Machinery, visit www.4rwaterpackaging.com.

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