http://www.iowacityareadevelopment.com/files/Technology%20Corridor%20Fringe%20Benefit%20Profile%2020 by Iowa City Area Development Group

Cedar Rapids/Iowa City

Fringe Benefit Profile

Released October 2010

Iowa Workforce Development and its Board of Directors worked in partnership with the Employers' Council of Iowa to contact a random sample of local employers across all industrial classifications and employment ranges. Responding businesses provided information on fringe benefit packages offered in the Technology Corridor region that encompasses Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn, and Washington counties in Iowa. The information provides a detailed analysis of employer-provided benefits. This information will assist businesses, community leaders, and workers to make better informed decisions on expansion and retention initiatives, community development projects, and job offerings.

This information is analyzed and compiled by Regional Research & Analysis Bureau 1000 E. Grand Avenue Des Moines, Iowa 50319 (515) 281-4896 www.iowaworkforce.org

Fringe Benefit Profile Benefit Overview Nearly two-fifths (38.5%) of the employers located in the Technology Corridor region participated in the survey by providing input on the fringe benefits they offer (2,449 businesses were sent the survey, 943 provided responses). Results are detailed by four benefit category offerings - Insurance, Paid Leave, Retirement, and Additional Benefit Offerings - industry sector, and employment range amongst full-time and part-time employees. 65.7% of businesses with employees offer a fringe benefit package in addition to wage compensation ▪ 9.4% offer benefit packages that are union negotiated The average hours worked to be considered full-time is 38 per week ▪ 91.0% employ at least one full-time employee ▪ 65.2% employ at least one part-time employee ▪ 19.9% employ at least one temporary/seasonal employee

Percent of Employers Offering Health/Medical Insurance by Employment Size & Status Full-Time Employees

85.5%

97.8%

100%

82.9%

50.0% 28.6% Part-Time Employees10.5%

1 to 24

35.0%

20.0%

25 to 49

50 to 99

100 to 249

250+

Insurance - Prescription Drugs 88.7% of employers offer prescription drug coverage

Insurance - Health/Medical

in their total benefit packages

93.1% of employers offer a health/medical insurance

Full-Time Employees 99.6% of those employers offer a prescription drug coverage plan in their total benefit packages ▪ 63.8% cost share premiums associated with prescription drug coverage

plan in their total benefit packages ▪ 99.8% offer health/medical insurance to fulltime employees ▪ 19.8% offer health/medical insurance to parttime employees 10.3% plan to begin offering a health/medical insurance plan within the next two years Employers were asked what percent of total payroll is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 17.3% ▪ 48.4% of those who offer health/medical insurance plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year The majority of employers offer three types of medical insurance plans. The following represent those who are enrolled in a health/medical plan offered by the employer ▪ 30.5% Traditional Indemnity Plan ▪ 64.9% Preferred Provider Org. (PPO) ▪ 11.7% Health Maintenance Org. (HMO) ▪ 7.6% undetermined plan type 12.4% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees ▪ 29.7% cost share premiums for retirees coverage (not including family) 62.5% cost share premiums associated with health/ medical insurance for full-time employee coverage (not including family) 85.0% cost share premiums associated with health/ medical insurance for part-time employee coverage (not including family)

Part-Time Employees 20.3% of those employers offer a prescription drug coverage plan in their total benefit packages ▪ 86.2%cost share premiums associated with prescription drug coverage

Insurance - Vision Coverage 45.4% of employers offer vision coverage in their

total benefit packages Full-Time Employees 63.2% of those offer vision coverage separate from their medical plan 43.8% offer a comprehensive plan that includes routine eye exams, contacts, and lenses/frames 23.7% offer a plan that covers routine eye exams 20.5% offer a plan that covers frames and lenses 17.9% offer a plan that covers contact lenses Part-Time Employees 21.2% of those offer vision coverage separate from their medical plan 12.9% offer a comprehensive plan that includes routine eye exams, contacts, and lenses/frames  5.8% offer a plan that covers routine eye exams  5.8% offer a plan that covers frames and lenses  5.4% offer a plan that covers contact lenses

Insurance - Accidental Death & Dismemberment (AD&D), Life, Short-Term & Long-Term Disability

Insurance - Dental Coverage 73.4% of employers offer dental coverage in their

total benefit packages

(Continued)

Full-Time Employees 80.5% of those offer dental coverage to full-time employees 43.5% offer a dental plan that is comprehensive

Life Insurance: Full-Time Employees Coverage is determined by one of three methods 21.3% total annual salary 25.5% percent/specified number of annual salary 53.2% flat rate 53.8% offer additional life insurance employees may purchase beyond coverage employer provides

(includes preventative, basic, major, and orthodontic coverage)

30.8% 38.1% 23.3% 13.0%

offer preventative coverage offer basic coverage offer major coverage offer orthodontics coverage

Part-Time Employees 21.1% of those offer dental coverage to part-time employees 12.4% offer a dental plan that is comprehensive

Part-Time Employees Coverage is determined by one of three methods 31.8% total annual salary 27.3% percent/specified number of annual salary 40.9% flat rate 57.8% offer additional life insurance employees may purchase beyond coverage employer provides

(includes preventative, basic, major, and orthodontic coverage)

 4.1%  5.7%  3.9%  2.6%

offer preventative coverage offer basic coverage offer major coverage offer orthodontics coverage

Short-Term Disability:

In some situations the employer offers two or more options (i.e.: basic and major, etc.)

Full-Time Employees 82.2% have a waiting period prior to employees being able to utilize short-term disability Average waiting period is 38 days Average length of coverage is 19 weeks

Insurance - Accidental Death & Dismemberment (AD&D), Life, Short-Term & Long-Term Disability

Part-Time Employees 76.9% have a waiting period prior to employees being able to utilize short-term disability Average waiting period is 50 days Average length of coverage is 22 weeks

Percent of Employers Offering AD&D, Life Insurance, Short-term Disability & Long-Term Disability

68.2%

Long-Term Disability:

55.4% 48.1%

Full-Time Employees 79.7% use a percent of salary to determine coverage Average percent used to calculate the benefit - 61.8% of salary

51.2%

Part-Time Employees 77.4% use a percent of salary to determine coverage Average percent used to calculate the benefit - 60.8% of salary AD&D

Life Insurance

Short-Term Disability

Paid Leave - Vacation

Long-Term Disability

85.4% of employers offer paid vacations 99.6% of those offer to full-time employees 30.5% of those offer to part-time employees

AD&D: Full-Time Employees Coverage is determined by one of three methods 23.3% total annual salary 31.0% percent/specified number of annual salary 45.7% flat rate

Number of Days Earned by Length of Service & Employment Status

Part-Time Employees Coverage is determined by one of three methods 29.7% total annual salary 32.4% percent/specified number of annual salary 37.8% flat rate

Years of Employment

Full-Time Employees

Part-Time Employees

1 Year 5 Years 10 Years

9 13 16

6 9 11

Retirement/Pension Plans

Paid Leave - Sick

(Continued)

62.5% of employers offer paid sick leave 100% of those offer to full-time employees 31.7% of those offer to part-time employees

Defined Contribution Plan (a plan for contribution from one or both parties, i.e.: 401(k), Savings & Thrift, Deferred Profit Sharing, Deferred Compensation plans)

71.5% of those offer to full-time employees 21.9% of those offer to part-time employees

Number of Days Earned by Length of Service & Employment Status Years of Employment

Full-Time Employees

Part-Time Employees

1 Year 5 Years 10 Years

9 11 13

6 7 7

Defined Benefit Pension Plan (a plan that uses a specific pre-determined formula to calculate an employee’s future benefit, i.e.: Railroad Retirement, IPERS, etc.)

14.9% of those offer to full-time employees 16.7% of those offer to part-time employees

Additional Benefit Options Paid Leave - Holidays

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefit Options

86.2% of employers offer paid holidays 99.6% of those offer to full-time employees ▪ Average number of days given each year - 7 35.6% of those offer to part-time employees ▪ Average number of days given each year - 7

Additional Benefit Childcare Assistance Company Discounts Concierge Service Employee Assistance Program Fitness Club Reimbursement Flex Spending Accounts Flexible Scheduling Hiring Bonuses Incentives/Rew ards Shift Differential - 3rd Shift Shift Differential - Weekend Tuition Assistance Varried Shifts

Paid Leave - Personal Days/Floating Holidays 49.8% of employers offer personal days/floating holidays 99.6% of those offer to full-time employees ▪ Average number of days given each year - 3 28.3% of those offer to part-time employees ▪ Average number of days given each year - 2

Paid Leave - Personal-Time-Off (PTO) (a lump sum/consolidated bank of paid time off that includes all paid leave offered by employer including vacation, sick, personal, and holidays versus offering each separately)

Notes:

34.5% of employers offer PTO 95.7% of those offer to full-time employees 41.0% of those offer to part-time employees Number of Days Earned by Length of Service & Employment Status Years of Employment

Full-Time Employees

Part-Time Employees

1 Year 5 Years 10 Years

13 17 20

9 14 19

Retirement/Pension Plans 65.5% of employers offer retirement/pension plans 99.5% of those offer to full-time employees ▪ Average wait to be 100% vested - 4 years 45.6% of those offer to part-time employees ▪ Average wait to be 100% vested - 3 years

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 8.8% 48.8% 0.9% 25.6% 12.5% 46.7% 53.1% 10.4% 18.7% 7.5% 5.8% 17.3% 23.3%

94.9% 98.7% 75.0% 99.1% 96.4% 100% 90.0% 97.8% 97.1% 97.1% 92.5% 99.4% 92.3%

50.0% 56.7% 50.0% 66.7% 51.2% 41.6% 66.3% 27.0% 48.7% 58.8% 59.5% 39.9% 59.3%

Industry - All Employment Ranges Agriculture

Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation

53.8% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

26.3% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 15.8% ▪ 85.7% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 16.7% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 14.2% ▪ 80.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 20.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

23.1% 23.1% 23.1% 15.4% 38.5% 30.8% 23.1% 0.0%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 53.8%

2.3% 21.1% 15.8% 0.0% 26% 21.1% 0.0% 5.3%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

21.1%

46.2%

% Offered to Employees

21.1%

38.5%

15.8%

Personal Days

Sick Leave

23.1% 5.3% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Retirement Childcare Assistance Company Discounts Concierge Service Employee Assistance Program Fitness Club Reimbursement Flex Spending Accounts Flexible Scheduling Hiring Bonuses Incentives/Rew ards Shift Differential - 3rd Shift Shift Differential - Weekend Tuition Assistance Varried Shifts

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 38.5% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 38.5% 0.0% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% 7.7%

Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit Retirement Childcare Assistance Company Discounts Concierge Service Employee Assistance Program Fitness Club Reimbursement Flex Spending Accounts Flexible Scheduling Hiring Bonuses Incentives/Rew ards Shift Differential - 3rd Shift Shift Differential - Weekend Tuition Assistance Varried Shifts

20.0% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 15.8% 0.0% 5.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.5% 15.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Construction

Education

65.8% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

82.1% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 18.8% ▪ 84.1% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 32.8% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 5.5% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 18.9% ▪ 87.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 43.5% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 60.9% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Fringe Benefit

24.3% 38.7% 30.6% 13.5% 55.9% 54.1% 20.7% 18.9%

Paid Leave:

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

9.0% Personal Days

17.1% Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

67.9%

64.3%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 46.8% 2.7% 17.1% 0.0% 4.5% 0.9% 11.7% 18.0% 1.8% 11.7% 8.1% 5.4% 9.9% 4.5%

71.4%

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

14.3%

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Additional Benefit

50.0% 85.7% 57.1% 60.7% 82.1% 78.6% 21.4% 35.7%

71.4%

50.5%

9.0%

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

45.0%

Holiday Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 80.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

11.5% 33.3% 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 23.1% 45.0% 0.0% 7.7% 22.2% 33.3% 9.1% 0.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 57.1% 3.6% 10.7% 0.0% 17.9% 3.6% 50.0% 25.0% 3.6% 0.0% 14.3% 3.6% 28.6% 25.0%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 71.4% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 85.7%

37.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 57.1% 42.9% 0.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 37.5% 28.6%

Finance & Insurance

Food Services

71.4% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

26.4% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 18.1% ▪ 80.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 46.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 26.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 11.6% ▪ 85.7% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 35.7% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

48.6% 52.9% 57.1% 54.3% 65.7% 61.4% 34.1% 32.9%

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

9.4% 17.0% 11.3% 9.4% 24.5% 22.6% 9.4% 11.3%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

58.6%

60.0%

22.6%

47.1% 34.3%

13.2%

25.7%

11.3% 7.5%

Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 42.9% 7.1% 32.9% 0.0% 28.6% 11.4% 44.3% 22.9% 2.9% 31.4% 1.4% 1.4% 343.0% 4.3%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

7.5%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95.5% 100% 100% 100% 66.7%

Additional Benefit

40.0% 40.0% 69.6% 0.0% 75.0% 37.5% 51.6% 43.8% 0.0% 40.9% 100.0% 100.0% 20.8% 66.7%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 13.2% 1.9% 17.0% 0.0% 3.8% 3.8% 1.9% 18.9% 1.9% 18.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 15.1%

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 90.0% 100% 90.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 87.5%

28.6% 100% 88.9% 0.0% 100% 50.0% 100% 70.0% 100% 80.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100%

Government

Healthcare/Social Services

93.8% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

70.4% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 29.2% ▪ 86.7% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 93.3% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 46.7% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 14.7% ▪ 68.4% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 38.2% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 3.9% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

56.3% 87.5% 87.5% 50.0% 93.8% 93.8% 37.5% 37.5%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

93.8%

% Offered to Employees

93.8%

28.7% 52.8% 43.5% 30.6% 56.5% 53.7% 29.6% 34.3%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

52.8%

75.0% 37.0%

35.2%

40.7%

25.0% 12.5% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 75.0% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 18.8% 50.0% 56.3% 0.0% 6.3% 18.8% 18.8% 12.5% 25.0%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

100% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 88.9% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

58.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 37.5% 33.3% 37.5% 55.6% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 46.3% 9.3% 32.4% 0.0% 18.5% 5.6% 38.0% 37.0% 9.3% 16.7% 13.9% 12.0% 26.9% 18.5%

98.0% 100% 88.6% 0.0% 100% 66.7% 100.0% 92.5% 100% 88.9% 100% 92.3% 93.1% 95.0%

52.0% 60.0% 60.0% 0.0% 70.0% 66.7% 43.9% 67.5% 0.0% 55.6% 80.0% 84.6% 55.2% 70.0%

Information Services

Management Services

90.9% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

62.5% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 18.7% ▪ 70.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 20.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 30.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 24.5% ▪ 100% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 80.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

81.8% 90.9% 80.9% 81.8% 90.9% 90.9% 63.6% 72.7%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

50.0%

72.7% 63.6%

% Offered to Employees 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 62.5% 50.0% 37.5% 37.5%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 50.0%

63.6%

45.5%

25.0%

36.4%

25.0%

12.5% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 81.8% 9.1% 45.5% 0.0% 27.3% 9.1% 63.6% 72.7% 9.1% 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% 45.5% 27.3%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 87.5% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

33.3% 0.0% 60.0% 0.0% 33.3% 100.0% 0.0% 25.0% 100% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% 33.3%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 50.0% 0.0% 37.5% 0.0% 37.5% 37.5% 62.5% 62.5% 12.5% 25.0% 12.5% 0.0% 12.5% 12.5%

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100%

75.0% 0.0% 6.7% 0.0% 100% 66.7% 40.0% 60.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100%

Manufacturing

Personal Services

89.2% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

54.1% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 21.8% ▪ 88.5% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 66.7% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 3.6% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 15.3% ▪ 90.6% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 40.6% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 6.1% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

55.4% 56.9% 55.4% 47.7% 84.6% 81.5% 52.3% 33.8%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

84.6%

27.9% 36.1% 27.9% 18.0% 50.8% 47.5% 24.6% 18.0%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 49.2%

44.4%

81.5% 12.3%

% Offered to Employees

27.9% 38.5%

21.3%

38.5% 13.1%

Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 47.7% 3.1% 32.3% 0.0% 24.6% 13.8% 46.2% 33.8% 6.2% 35.4% 24.6% 12.3% 36.9% 30.8%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

96.8% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 86.4% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

29.0% 50.0% 28.6% 0.0% 50.0% 22.2% 20.0% 45.5% 50.0% 13.0% 25.0% 12.5% 20.8% 25.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 36.1% 1.6% 21.3% 1.6% 1.6% 4.9% 14.8% 27.9% 3.3% 16.4% 3.3% 1.6% 4.9% 8.2%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 82.4% 100% 90.0% 100% 100% 100% 50.0%

18.2% 0.0% 38.5% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 22.2% 7.1% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 60.0%

Professional Services

Real Estate

71.9% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

51.4% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 13.0% ▪ 71.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 36.2% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 5.8% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 12.8% ▪ 100% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 16.7% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

22.9% 32.3% 32.3% 20.8% 50.0% 4.8% 14.6% 19.8%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

62.5%

57.3% 39.6%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

45.7%

14.3% Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

17.1% Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 55.2% 7.3% 21.9% 3.1% 10.4% 9.4% 24.0% 35.4% 14.6% 19.8% 2.1% 3.1% 20.8% 5.2%

51.4%

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

40.6%

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Additional Benefit

11.4% 34.3% 22.9% 30.8% 51.4% 51.4% 14.3% 20.0%

42.9%

19.8% Holiday Leave

% Offered to Employees

98.1% 85.7% 0.0% 66.7% 90.0% 88.9% 100% 97.1% 92.9% 100% 50.0% 33.3% 100% 60.0%

Additional Benefit

30.2% 42.9% 47.6% 33.3% 40.0% 33.3% 34.8% 58.8% 7.1% 42.1% 50.0% 66.7% 30.0% 60.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 31.4% 0.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.4% 17.1% 0.0% 5.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 2.9%

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 66.7% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 100%

9.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0% 100%

Utilities

Warehouse & Transportation

100% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

55.2% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 45.7% ▪ 100% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 0.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 25.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 17.1% ▪ 81.3% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 68.8% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 12.5% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

100% 25.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 25.0% 50.0%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 100%

100% 75.0%

% Offered to Employees 34.5% 41.4% 37.9% 27.6% 51.7% 51.7% 31.0% 27.6%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

48.3%

75.0%

34.5%

50.0% 17.2% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Holiday Leave

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0% 0.0% 25.0% 25.0% 0.0% 75.0% 25.0%

Personal Days

20.7%

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

17.2%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 31.0% 0.0% 13.8% 0.0% 13.8% 10.3% 20.7% 24.1% 6.9% 24.1% 13.8% 17.2% 6.9% 10.3%

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 85.7% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

33.3% 0.0% 75.0% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 25.0% 75.0% 0.0% 28.6% 25.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0%

Waste Management

Wholesale & Retail Trade

64.7% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

66.9% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 16.5% ▪ 78.9% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 42.1% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 0.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 13.8% ▪ 83.5% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 43.3% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 9.7% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

47.1% 35.3% 29.4% 17.6% 55.9% 50.0% 17.6% 14.7%

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

26.6% 39.0% 37.0% 24.0% 61.0% 55.0% 26.6% 22.7%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

47.1%

61.7%

41.2%

20.6%

Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

53.2% 39.6%

23.5%

24.0%

17.6% Personal Days

13.6% Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Holiday Leave

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 29.4% 0.0% 17.6% 0.0% 17.6% 5.9% 11.8% 23.5% 0.0% 17.6% 14.7% 14.7% 8.8% 17.6%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

100% 0.0% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0.0% 83.3% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

44.4% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 50.0% 37.5% 0.0% 66.7% 60.0% 40.0% 100% 50.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 40.9% 3.2% 42.9% 0.0% 8.4% 3.2% 13.6% 28.6% 3.9% 20.8% 1.9% 2.6% 23.8% 8.4%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 84.1% 100.0% 100.0% 66.7% 75.0% 100.0% 92.3%

41.3% 20.0% 39.4% 0.0% 46.2% 60.0% 14.3% 54.5% 33.3% 31.3% 33.3% 75.0% 20.0% 38.5%

Employment Range - All Industries 1-24 Employees

25-49 Employees

57.3% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

86.0% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 15.3% ▪ 77.1% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 35.9% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 6.2% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 17.4% ▪ 88.4% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 51.4% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 13.7% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

20.4% 31.4% 26.6% 16.7% 48.0% 43.9% 18.6% 18.0%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 65.1% 39.5%

14.6%

32.6% 21.3%

Holiday Leave

45.3% 60.5% 65.1% 47.7% 79.1% 75.6% 41.9% 30.2%

65.1%

89.1%

46.4%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

31.0% Sick Leave

22.1% Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Holiday Leave

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 36.1% 2.3% 22.1% 0.4% 5.7% 2.7% 13.4% 23.9% 1.4% 13.9% 2.4% 2.1% 9.9% 4.6%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

% Offered to Employees

99.6% 93.8% 98.7% 66.7% 97.5% 94.7% 100.0% 88.6% 90.0% 95.9% 88.2% 80.0% 98.6% 81.3%

Additional Benefit

21.3% 18.8% 36.8% 33.3% 35.0% 15.8% 29.2% 41.9% 10.0% 22.7% 29.4% 26.7% 18.8% 46.9%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 55.8% 8.1% 33.7% 0.0% 16.3% 9.3% 39.5% 44.2% 8.1% 27.9% 11.6% 9.3% 29.1% 16.3%

95.8% 85.7% 93.1% 0.0% 100% 87.5% 100% 89.5% 100% 91.7% 100% 100% 96.0% 100%

53.5% 71.4% 65.5% 0.0% 57.1% 50.0% 44.1% 68.4% 14.3% 68.2% 40.0% 62.5% 44.0% 28.6%

50-99 Employees

100-249 Employees

95.7% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

98.1% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 22.1% ▪ 82.2% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 42.2% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 8.9% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 22.0% ▪ 92.2% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 58.8% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 25.5% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

68.1% 78.7% 78.7% 55.3% 93.6% 91.5% 44.7% 46.8%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

74.5%

75.0% 92.3% 82.7% 80.8% 98.1% 96.2% 61.5% 63.5%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

86.5% 69.2%

53.2%

59.6%

38.3%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Holiday Leave

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 70.2% 12.8% 40.4% 2.1% 25.5% 10.6% 59.6% 36.2% 25.5% 36.2% 19.1% 10.6% 46.8% 34.0%

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

53.8%

36.5%

25.5% Holiday Leave

% Offered to Employees

100% 100% 94.7% 100% 100% 100% 100% 82.4% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 93.8%

Additional Benefit

54.5% 33.3% 63.2% 0.0% 77.8% 60.0% 32.1% 76.5% 25.0% 35.3% 55.6% 80.0% 18.2% 61.5%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 64.6% 7.7% 26.9% 0.0% 55.8% 26.9% 76.9% 38.5% 17.3% 34.6% 34.6% 26.9% 46.2% 44.2%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 90.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95.7%

54.8% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 72.4% 35.7% 45.0% 75.0% 22.2% 38.9% 38.9% 35.7% 29.2% 47.8%

250 + Employees

Notes:

62.4% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance: Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 16.2% ▪ 78.3% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 38.3% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 7.5% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

25.7% 37.1% 33.5% 22.1% 53.8% 49.8% 22.4% 20.9%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave 51.1%

49.9% 33.1% 16.0% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

23.4%

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings: Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit Retirement Childcare Assistance Company Discounts Concierge Service Employee Assistance Program Fitness Club Reimbursement Flex Spending Accounts Flexible Scheduling Hiring Bonuses Incentives/Rew ards Shift Differential - 3rd Shift Shift Differential - Weekend Tuition Assistance Varried Shifts

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 40.1% 3.5% 24.4% 0.5% 7.9% 3.8% 18.7% 26.7% 3.5% 16.6% 4.3% 3.4% 13.9% 7.4%

99.1% 93.1% 97.5% 75.0% 98.5% 93.8% 100% 88.3% 96.6% 95.7% 94.4% 89.3% 99.1% 91.7%

28.4% 34.5% 43.3% 25.0% 43.9% 31.3% 27.6% 49.1% 17.2% 46.2% 38.9% 56.5% 24.1% 43.5%

Industry Clusters Advanced Manufacturing

Bioscience

88.5% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

100% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance:

Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 15.1% ▪ 87.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 52.2% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 4.3% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 12.7% ▪ 81.3% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 50% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 18.8% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

61.5% 65.4% 61.5% 53.8% 84.6% 84.6% 5.8% 38.5%

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

80.8%

% Offered to Employees 56.3% 87.5% 62.5% 62.5% 93.8% 93.8% 62.5% 50.0%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

87.5%

76.9%

87.5% 50.0%

30.8% Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

26.9%

23.1%

Personal Days

Sick Leave

25.0% Vacation Leave

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Holiday Leave

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 42.3% 3.8% 19.2% 0.0% 26.9% 15.4% 53.8% 38.0% 23.1% 34.6% 11.5% 3.8% 34.6% 19.2%

Personal Days

Additional Benefit Offerings:

Percent of Employers Offering Additional Benefits & Employment Status Breakdown Additional Benefit

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

25.0%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Additional Benefit

27.3% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 57.1% 50.0% 28.6% 60.0% 0.0% 22.2% 33.3% 0.0% 33.3% 20.0%

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 62.5% 12.5% 4.8% 0.0% 37.5% 18.8% 68.8% 56.3% 25.0% 43.8% 43.8% 31.3% 50.0% 56.3%

100% 100% 100% 0.0% 100% 66.7% 100% 88.9% 100% 100% 100% 80.0% 100% 100%

50.0% 50.0% 42.9% 0.0% 66.7% 66.7% 37.5% 55.6% 25.0% 14.3% 42.9% 40.0% 37.5% 33.3%

Information Technology

Notes:

93.8% offer a benefit package in addition to wage compensation

Insurance: Employers were asked what percent of total payroll

is applied toward providing health/medical insurance ▪ Average is 18.1% ▪ 80.0% of businesses anticipate an increase in costs for medical insurance ▪ 40.0% plan to increase employee’s contribution in the next year 20.0% offer health/medical insurance to retired employees Percent of Employers Offering Insurance Options Fringe Benefit

% Offered to Employees

AD&D Dental Coverage Life Insurance Long-Term Disability Medical Prescription Drugs Short-Term Disability Vision Insurance

Paid Leave:

56.3% 75.0% 62.5% 62.5% 87.5% 87.5% 50.0% 56.3%

Percent of Employers Offering Paid Leave

62.5%

56.3% 31.3%

Holiday Leave

Paid-TimeOff (PTO)

62.5%

31.3%

Personal Days

Sick Leave

Vacation Leave

All Full-Time Part-Time Employees Employees Employees 81.3% 6.3% 31.3% 12.5% 31.3% 12.5% 56.3% 56.3% 18.8% 25.0% 18.8% 25.0% 37.5% 18.8%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 88.9% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

7.7% 0.0% 40.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%