Facts and Figures
A Brief History of London’s Water
1582
First machine to pump water from the Thames
1859
The first free public fountains appear, mainly installed by religious figures
1612
1825
New River is dug. Eleven private companies form to supply growing city over the next 200 years
Quality of water seriously degrades due to the growth and lack of sewage system
1899
1902
Quality improves with new sewers and new reservoirs.
All private water companies are nationalized.
1854
Cholera epidemic strikes London and forces government to pass water safety laws
1989
Water Board is privatization but government regulated
“Our History.” Our History. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/ prod/hs.xsl/850.htm>.
Energy Consumed Producing 500ml of Water
Making Making PETPET resin resin from from oil oil
Transportation Transportation of resin of resin
Manufacture Manufacture of of bottles bottles from from resin resin
Transportation Transportation of filled of filled bottles bottles to stores to stores
Water Water processing, processing, bottling bottling testing, testing, labeling labeling
Transportation Transportation of empty of empty bottles bottles to water to water source source
Chilled Chilled andand displayed displayed in in Transportation Transportation to home to home store store for for consumers consumers by consumers by consumers
Disposal Disposal
Water Water processing processing andand piping piping
ForFor useuse by consumers by consumers at home at home
energy energy involved involved in in bottled bottled water water
energy energy involved involved in in taptap water water
0.005 0.005 MJ MJ equals equals to to
0.067 0.067 mlml of of oiloil 5.6 MJ 5.6 equals MJ equals to to
7575 mlml of of oiloil
Local Local Bottled Bottled Water Water Example: Example: Buxton Buxton
10.210.2 MJ equals MJ equals to to
138 138 mlml of of oiloil
Distant Distant Bottled Bottled Water Water Example: Example: FujiFuji
Tap Tap Water Water
Example: Example: Thames Thames Water Water Gleick, P. H., and H. S. Cooley. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Energy Implications of Bottled Water.â&#x20AC;? Environmental Research Letters 4.1 (2009): 014009. Print.
Waste Invovoled 2 billion litres of bottled water sold in the UK in 2010 or 800 olympic swimming pools filled with water
1 Billion 500 ml bottles
225 Million 1.5 litre bottles
25% gets recycled into things like Polar Fleece and strapping only to be thrown out in a few years anyway
360 Million 2 litre bottles
80 Million 5 litre bottles
75% ends up in landfills, parks, forests and oceans were it will stay for a very long time
Siegle, Lucy. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.â&#x20AC;? The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
How People Drink Water
Word Association Tool
A research tool was designed in order to gain insight into how people feel about bottled water and tap water. The tool asked users to associate words with tap, bottled, both or neither. This tool was great to find out the consumers thought but also effective as a prompt of past experiences.
Word Association Map of Results Bottle Lover these words show a negative association with tap water
these words show a positive association with bottled water
these word apply to both and reflect people general positive associations with water
Personas
big fan of tap water and doesn`t really like bottled
word profile shows a love for water but a distrust for bottles
fills water bottle before going out for environmental reasons
drinks from the tap but it took some time to get used to taste
Easy Going
Health Concerned
dislike and distrust of both tap and big bottle companies
word profile shows a distrust of tap and bottled water
fills bottle with tap water that is filtered to remove chemicals and particles at store for free
drinks local, mineral water at home for health reasons
doesn`t have strong feelings about tap or bottled
word profile shows a positive overall view on water
may buy bottled water when out if it`s a hot day
likes tap for convenience but prefers the taste of filtered water at home
Persona of Focus
Quotes from Tap Distrusters
Distrust of Tap Water
These quotes were collected from shoppers who were buying large quantities of water at a local supermarket.
Key Facts
• represents a about half of people interviewed • dislikes the taste of tap water • when pressed, issues of trust and the unknow also emerged as factors • unsure bout quality of tap water so he always has a reserve of bottled water at home • unsure of long term health effects
“There are a lot of things really. Again the pipes they
might rust, the metal type. You drink a lot of rust... Its
just the pipes that are the concern”
“The taste is a bit different from bottled water because I believe bottled water
is distilled. And for tap water I don’t know the process. Some people say that tap water is drinkable as well and even in my workplace, although they
Key Words from Card Sort • •
do supply bottled as well in the big bottles.”
Bottled Water: trust healthy, natural, soft, pure, minerals Tap Water: distrust, harsh, sickly, sickly, cloudy, distrust
“If I buy this at 17 pence of course I prefer this because I’m never to sure about the
water at home. The quality I mean.” “Sometimes tap water leaves a bitter after taste in your mouth. So even if I was to drink tap water I would invest in one of those filter things. Ultra violet light or boil water.... Although, it’s not just the taste that’s
why I would boil”
“I use bottled water for drinking and for cooking. For soup for example... It’s more healthy I
think”
Quotes From Thames Water
Insight
These quotes were collected from the Thames Water website
This shows a connection is broken between Thames Water and its customers and it is costing society money and damaging the environment.
“We have thorough and rigorous processes to test the quality of drinking water we supply to our customers. Every year, we take thousands of samples throughout our supply network to check compliance
with the standards set down in national and European legislation.” In 2009, we carried
out more than 420,000 tests as part of our monitoring, and achieved 99.98 per cent compliance for samples taken at customer’s taps. This gave us the best drinking water quality of all the major water and sewerage companies. Experts rated Thames’ tap water above more than 20 bottled brands in a ‘blind’ taste test organised by wine magazine, Decanter. We get our water from two types of sources. About
three quarters of our supplies are from rivers and the rest is taken from groundwater sources. The water then goes through a rigorous set of processes at our water treatment works before being pumped into the network to your home or business.
Hardness is determined by the level of naturally occurring calcium and magnesium compounds that the water contains. There is no health risk associated with hardness, in fact there is correlation with health benifits.
a
“Corporate Responsibility Report 2009/10.” Promoting Our Product. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cr/water/promoting-our-product/>.
Overview of Touchpoints The proposed solution is to increase the touchpoints from Thames Water for its consumers. These touchpoints will increase the percieved value of the water and of Thames Water as a brand. More importantly, these touchpoints will communicate valuable information regarding tap.
Proposed Solution
Check the water quality in your area To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the field below:
Results for North Lambeth
1
2
3
192
0
192
0
4
102
0
4
102
0
4
General quality of the water is very high
1
2
3
4
No organisms found in any sample tested
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards
Mobile Fountain for Events and Festivals
Water Bottle and Carafe Discription • small portable bottle and larger in-fridge carafe • bottle will be small to fit in bags easily • bottle has thermochromatic ink with graphic about hard water • carafe is slender to fit easily into fridge • graphics on carafe shows the stages of how water gets to your home
Discription • deployed to events during summer months • provides free water for people to refill water bottles • labeled water bottles available for donation to charity • attendants available to educate and answer questions • interactive demonstration on filtering water and source Goal • provide a positive association with the water company • encourage refilling of water bottles • educate consumers about the various water purification techinques • address customer concerns or answer question directly
Bottle
Water Report in Your Area Goal • provide a physical touchpoint for Thames Water • graphics explains minerals that make tap water hard • thermochromatic ink changes colour when chilled • chilled water tastes better and cholorine evaporates • colour change is to provide reward for chilling water Calcium and Magnesium makes London’s water hard.
And thats a good thing.
Is for Magnesium Essential for the nervous and muscular systems. Is for Calcium: Essential for growth and strong bones.
Mg Ca
chill water for best taste
Carafe Goal • provide a physical touchpoint for Thames Water in home • graphic shows how water gets from clouds to your tap • thermochromatic ink changes colour when water is chilled • chilled water tastes better and cholorine evaporates • colour change is to provide reward for chilling water
THAMES WATER UTILITIES WATER QUALITY REPORT - 2010 DATA Water Supply Zone SLW32 : NORTH LAMBETH Time Period: 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2010 Data extracted on :04/03/2011 Parameter
Coliform bacteria E. coli Enterococci Clostridium perfringens Colony count 22C Colony count 37C Residual Disinfectant Colour (Pt/Co scale) Hydrogen Ion Turbidity Conductivity at 20C Ammonium as NH4 Chloride as Cl Sodium as Na Sulphate as SO4 Nitrate as NO3 Nitrite as NO2 Nitrate/Nitrite calculation Total Organic Carbon as C Total Hardness as CaCO3 Odour (quantitative) Taste (quantitative) Iron as Fe Manganese as Mn Aluminium as Al Antimony as Sb Arsenic as As Cadmium as Cd Chromium as Cr Copper as Cu Lead as Pb Mercury as Hg Nickel as Ni Fluoride as F Selenium as Se Boron as B Bromate as BrO3 Cyanide as CN PAHs (sum of 4 substances) Benzo (a) pyrene Trihalomethanes Tetra- & Trichloroethene cal Tetrachloromethane 1,2 dichloroethane Benzene Gross Alpha activity Gross Beta activity
Units
PCV
Zone No. : 0329 Population: 76,423
Concentration or value (all samples) Min
Mean
Max
no/100ml 0 0 0 0 no/100ml 0 0 0 0 no/100ml 0 0 0 0 no/100ml 0 0 0 0 no/ml 0 3.6 59 no/ml 0 4.2 42 mg/l 0.2 0.47 0.71 mg/lPt/Co 20 0.5 1.8 3.8 pH 6.5 to 9.5 7.7 7.8 8.3 FTU 4 < 0.07 0.088 0.15 uS/cm 2500 566 596 632 mg/l 0.5 0.05 0.12 0.16 mg/l 250 41 45.6 52.13 mg/l 200 27.9 32.2 37.2 mg/l 250 44.9 49 52.7 mg/l 50 22.8 26 30.3 mg/l 0.5 0.01 0.023 0.13 mg/l 1 0.48 0.53 0.61 mg/l 1.1 2.6 3.7 mg/l 249 260 271 dilution no. 0 0 0 0 dilution no. 0 0 0 0 ug/l 200 <1 3.1 15.3 ug/l 50 < 0.7 < 1.3 < 1.5 ug/l 200 < 6.3 9 17.2 ug/l 5 < 0.2 0.39 0.6 ug/l 10 0.8 1.1 1.3 ug/l 5 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 ug/l 50 < 1.2 < 1.4 < 1.4 mg/l 2 0.002 0.028 0.158 ug/l 25 < 0.3 0.39 0.9 ug/l 1 < 0.12 < 0.12 < 0.12 ug/l 20 < 1.6 1.7 2 mg/l 1.5 0.118 0.13 0.155 ug/l 10 < 0.8 1 1.4 mg/l 1 0.057 0.063 0.067 ug/l 10 < 0.2 0.66 5.1 ug/l 50 <1 < 1.5 <2 ug/l 0.1 0 0 0 ug/l 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 ug/l 100 19.2 22.3 25 ug/l 10 0 0 0 ug/l 3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 ug/l 3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 ug/l 1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Bq/l 0.1 < 0.02 0.03 0.04 Bq/l 1 0.26 0.28 0.3
No. of Samples Total
Contravening
% of samples contravening PCV
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 192 8 52 52 52 192 52 52 52 52 52 8 9 8 52 52 52 102 2 28 28 53 53 53 9 9 9 9 8 8 100 8 8 9 9 101 100 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3
Discription and Goals • current water report is extremely confusing and difficult to read • redesigned system is based on restaurant food safety stickers • revised reports quickly show 4 key areas tested and rating • expandable to show more detailed breakdown by element
Page 1
NOTE: PCV = Prescribed Concentration or Value
current
1
2
3
192
0
192
0
4
102
0
4
102
0
4
General quality of the water is very high
1
2
3
4
No organisms found in any sample tested
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards chill water for best taste
redesigned
Website Report
Website Carafe
Check the water quality in your area
Water Carafe £ 10.00
To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the field below:
Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid Have a carafe full of fresh, cold water available to you at all times. This slim container fits easily in your fridge and has a cover to keep it fresh. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water.
Results for North Lambeth
Remember! For the best tasting water, fill the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
1
2
3
192
4
How Thames Water gets to you! Below is an explaination of the graphic seen on the bottle. It is the full cycle of how water gets from the sky to your tap.
0
General quality of the water is very high
1
2
3
Sunshine evaporates water from the ocean and lakes
4
192
0
102
0
Clouds gather to create rain clouds
Water vapour forms clouds
Rain runs into rivers and then reservoirs
Clouds release the water as rain
Drinking water is pumped in pipes
Water is filtered and treated by Thames Water
You enjoy clean, fresh water
No organisms found in any sample tested
1
2
3
4
All levels well below EU standards
Water Carafe £ 10.00
Website Bottle
Text from Webstie
Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Have a carafe full of fresh, cold water available to you at all times. This slim container fits easily in your fridge and has a cover to keep it fresh. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water. Remember! For the best tasting water, fill the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
Water Bottle £ 3.00
Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid Carry clean, healthy Thames Water with you all the time with this convenient water bottle. Holding 300ml of water in compact bottle making it easy to bring with you when going for the day. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water. Remember! For the best tasting water, fill the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
Hard Water London has hard water and although hard water may be hard on your kettle , it does wonders for you. Hardness is determined by the level of naturally occurring calcium and magnesium compounds that the water contains. These compounds form the taste of water and have health benefits for you.
Is for Magnesium Essential for the nervous and muscular systems. Is for Calcium: Essential for growth and strong bones.
Mg Ca
How Thames Water gets to you! Below is an explaination of the graphic seen on the bottle. It is the full cycle of how water gets from the sky to your tap. Sunshine evaporates water from the ocean and lakes
Clouds gather to create rain clouds
Water vapour forms clouds
Rain runs into rivers and then reservoirs
Clouds release the water as rain
Drinking water is pumped in pipes
Water is filtered and treated by Thames Water
You enjoy clean, fresh water
Cost and Benifit • • • • •
Thames Water serves 14 million customers one time use bottles cost counsils £2.5 million per year in landfill fees would require a city wide investment through Thames Water program could increase public perception of Thames Water environmental benifit
Check the water quality in your area To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the field below:
Results for North Lambeth
1
2
3
192
0
192
0
4
102
0
4
102
0
4
General quality of the water is very high
1
2
3
4
No organisms found in any sample tested
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards
1
2
3
All levels well below EU standards
Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
References “Our History.” Our History. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/ prod/hs.xsl/850.htm>. Gleick, P. H., and H. S. Cooley. “Energy Implications of Bottled Water.” Environmental Research Letters 4.1 (2009): 014009. Print. Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. “Corporate Responsibility Report 2009/10.” Promoting Our Product. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cr/water/promoting-our-product/>. Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Foltz, F. “Science, Pollution, and Clean Drinking Water: Choosing Between Tap Water, Bottled Water, and Home Purification.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 19.4 (1999): 300-09. Print. Foltz, F. “Science, Pollution, and Clean Drinking Water: Choosing Between Tap Water, Bottled Water, and Home Purification.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 19.4 (1999): 300-09. Print. Wilk, R. “Bottled Water: The Pure Commodity in the Age of Branding.” Journal of Consumer Culture 6.3 (2006): 303-25. Print.