ICRISAT Happenings (19 July 2013)

ICRISAT

Happenings

19 July 2013 No. 1580

In-house Newsletter

ICRISAT file photo

Small microdoses of fertilizer in combination with small amounts of manure and improved crop varieties can lead to greater yields.

Microdosing: Changing lives of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe Microdosing is a practice that encourages farmers to use small amounts of fertilizer at critical stages of crop growth to maximize yields. In sub-Saharan Africa where most farmers are unable to invest in fertilizer, triggering a cycle of soil nutrient depletion, low productivity and hunger, microdosing is now leading to large benefits in yields and incomes in several countries, particularly in Zimbabwe. recent impact assessment study showed that for Mechanisation and Irrigation Development; every US dollar that ICRISAT has invested in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center microdosing technology, farmers in Zimbabwe have (CIMMYT); and the private sector. reaped a return of five US dollars. This result was Delivering the opening address, Mr Reston shared at a seminar held on 4 July in Harare, Zimbabwe organized by ICRISAT’s Impact Assessment Muzamhindo, Acting Permanent Secretary for the Agriculture Ministry, said, “ICRISAT has worked in Office, primarily aimed at determining how partnerships to help farmers get the most of the microdosing is now changing lives of smallholder resources available to them. Technologies like farmers in the country. conservation agriculture and microdosing are The meeting also served as a forum to discuss steps to examples of this.” encourage a more favorable policy environment to Dr Andre van Rooyen, ICRISAT’s Country Representative support and mainstream the microdosing technology.

Participants included representatives from Zimbabwe’s for Zimbabwe said, “We have worked with microdosing over the last ten years and studied it intensively. Now it Department of Agricultural Technical & Extension is time to look at what we are going to do next. We Services (AGRITEX) – Ministry of Agriculture,

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Microdosing: Changing lives of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe ...from page 1 need to decide how microdosing fits in our arsenal of tools against poverty.”

Dr Kizito Mazvimavi, Head of ICRISAT’s Impact Assessment Office, explained that “impact assessments look for evidence of technology adoption and diffusion. The study assesses household level impacts on food security, nutritional security, poverty reduction, women’s empowerment and parity, productive efficiency and risk reduction.”

The study was conducted by Jayne Stack, an independent consultant; Brighton Mvumi from the University of Zimbabwe; and Alex Winter-Nelson from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

The results of the study showed that those households who were exposed to the microdosing technology on average doubled their maize yields (963 kg for those exposed vs. 424 kg for those not exposed) in the 2011-12 season.

The results also revealed the importance of AGRITEX, Zimbabwe’s extension services, in spreading the technology to farmers. Around 74% of farmers surveyed said that AGRITEX was an important source of information on microdosing. Zimbabwe’s input supply program, which attempts to improve poor farmers’ access to fertilizer, is also having an impact, as close to 60% of the plots were fertilized using

Photo: S Sridharan, ICRISAT

Dr K Mazvimavi speaking at the seminar held in Harare, Zimbabwe.

inputs obtained by the input supply program. Fewer than 24% of farmers who used fertilizer bought it at full price. However, this reduced cost might have long-term implications as farmers might not be willing to buy or able to afford fertilizer at full cost should the subsidies and relief programs end.

The farmers appreciated the seminar and the discussions included questions on small packs, the benefits of using ammonium nitrate and basal fertilizer and farmers’ preferences. The activity has proven the importance of the technology as Zimbabwe’s smallholder farmers attempt to move from reliance on food and input subsidies to self-sufficiency. g

ICRISAT organizes workshop on Agropedia 2.0

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gropedia, an open access Knowledge Management platform conceived, developed and deployed in 2009 under the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) consortium led by ICRISAT, has undergone a major revision. The second phase of the project, Agropedia 2.0, has been built by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT K) with support from all consortium partners particularly from ICRISAT.

attended by Dr PS Pandey, National Coordinator, NAIP and Dr Prajneshu, acting Director, IASRI. Resource persons included a team led by Prof TV Prabhakar (IIT K), Dr LB Hugar (University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur) and Drs NT Yaduraju and Kiran Yadav and Mr Veerender Kambam (ICRISAT). g

ICRISAT organized a workshop at the Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), New Delhi on 15 July to sensitize the new partners of the consortium and other volunteer institutes about Agropedia 2.0.

About 30 participants from 13 organizations were shown demos, underwent hands-on training and created their own Agropedia.

The workshop was inaugurated by Dr Ramarao, National Director, NAIP, and 2 ICRISAT HAPPENINGS 19 JULY 2013 1580

Photo: K Veerender, ICRISAT

Participants of the workshop.

CGIAR, ICRISAT participate in Africa Agriculture Science Week

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trong and dynamic partnerships will be key to addressing the challenges of poverty and food security in Africa, said Dr Frank Rijsberman, Chief Executive Officer of the CGIAR Consortium, speaking at the opening session of the Africa Agriculture Science Week (AASW) in Accra, Ghana.

The 6th AASW being held on 15-20 Photo: CCAFS July hosted by the Forum for IFAD President Dr Kanayo Nwanze addressing the general assembly Agricultural Research in Africa in Ghana.

(FARA) in collaboration with the Government of Ghana, presents a platform for the affordable amounts of fertilizer. And in addition, CGIAR system to showcase how research-forgreater use of high-yielding seed varieties could have development has been making a difference by great benefits,” he said. improving livelihoods, food security, and health in More than 50% of CGIAR’s funding goes towards sustainable ways in Africa. improving food security in Africa through a solutionsICRISAT along with other CGIAR Centers and Research based research approach. Its work in the region is Programs across the CGIAR Consortium is actively more critical than ever, given its proven track in taking part in the AASW. The theme of the conference, translating its research findings into practical homeAfrica feeding Africa through Agricultural Science and grown solutions to associated challenges.

Innovation, has convened scientists and experts to Representatives from 11 CGIAR Research Centers and discuss the role of agricultural science and innovation 6 CGIAR Research Programs participate in key events in finding and strengthening local solutions to the to demonstrate their contributions to Africa’s urgent food security challenges in Africa. agricultural progress. This includes side events, a In his statement to the general assembly titled number of which are being hosted by CGIAR Research “African agricultural development: opportunities and Centers and Research Programs, such as a plenary challenges,” International Fund for Agricultural session and communication and social media Development (IFAD) President Dr Kanayo F Nwanze activities. ICRISAT case and impact stories have in fact acknowledged, among others, the impact of ICRISAT’s been featured prominently in The FARA – AASW Blog fertilizer microdosing in increasing yields using low (http://aasw6.wordpress.com/), a social reporting cost and existing technologies. “Small increases in forum for the event. fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa can produce Representing ICRISAT at the event are West and Central dramatic improvements in yields. We have seen good Africa (WCA) Director, Dr Farid Waliyar; Country results from a fertilizer microdosing technique Representative for Malawi Dr Moses Siambi; and WCA developed by ICRISAT and its partners, using a bottle Regional Information Officer Ms Agathe Diama. g cap system so farmers can measure out small,

Training course on modern genomics from 22 July ICRISAT’s Center of Excellence in Genomics (CEG) is hosting a training course on “Modern genomics in crop improvement” from 22 July to 9 August.

Participants from 14 countries representing Asia and Africa will be exposed to experimental design and analysis, decision support tools for breeders, application of genomics, bioinformatics for crop

improvement, software for diversity analysis, and the use of molecular markers in crop improvement. The course is being jointly conducted by the CGIAR Research Program on DrylandsCereals, CGIAR Research Program on GrainLegumes and the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. g

ICRISAT HAPPENINGS 19 JULY 2013 1580 3

ICRISAT-HOPE team draws proposal for project extension

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ith the ICRISAT-led HOPE project’s current no-cost extension phase coming to an end in December 2013, the project team met from 1-4 July in Naivasha, Kenya to discuss and formulate activities to be carried out in all the participating countries following this phase. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded project was granted an 18-month extension (January 2014 – June 2015) of its current phase, with some additional funding, to carry out specific tasks.

Photo: O Ndolo, ICRISAT

The HOPE project team and national representatives during the meeting to plan the future of the project.

The meeting, attended by project scientists from all three regions of ICRISAT and project coordinators from 9 of the 11 participating countries, was led by Project Coordinator Dr George Okwach; Research Program Director – Dryland Cereals, Dr Stefania Grando; and Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa, Dr Said Silim.

HOPE phase II; and (5) Formulate and put in place appropriate structures for HOPE phase II.

Welcoming the participants, Dr Okwach explained that in granting the project this extension, the foundation expected the team to: (1) Complete all pending activities in phase I and tie up all loose ends that may still exist after the end of the no-cost extension period; (2) Identify and address any knowledge gap that may exist between what is now known, and the work that may be expected to be done in HOPE phase II; (3) Provide opportunity for an appropriate transition plan for countries that will not be part of HOPE phase II; (4) Develop a proposal for

The role and place of the national programs was also emphasized by Dr Silim, outgoing Principal Investigator, recognizing the national coordinators as equal partners of the project. He urged them to think of the needs of all project objectives carried out in their respective countries.

Photo: O Ndolo, ICRISAT

Dr F Mgonja presenting a memento to Dr S Silim.

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During the meeting, Dr Grando stressed the importance of the task ahead, and underlined the need to work as a team and to see the national partners taking the lead in formulating the activities to be carried out in their respective countries.

Planning the new activities, the team was split into three regional groups – West and Central Africa (led

by Dr Tom Hash), Eastern and Southern Africa (led by Dr Chris Oduori, Project Coordinator for Kenya and Dr Henry Ojulong of ICRISAT-Nairobi), and South Asia (led by Drs Ashok Kumar and SK Gupta). Each group discussed and formulated plans across all relevant objectives carried out in the region. A team composed of Drs Dave Harris, Alastair Orr, Stefania Grando and George Okwach was constituted and mandated to finalize the project proposal and ensure submission to the Gates Foundation by 1 August.

The group also bid farewell to Dr Silim, and welcomed Dr Grando as the project’s new Principal Investigator. Accepting a farewell card signed by those present and representing the entire project team, which was presented by project coordinator for Tanzania, Dr Fridah Mgonja, Dr Silim thanked the team for working hard in phase I and making the project a success. g

Pigeonpea revived in Northern Malawi

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igeonpea in Malawi’s northern district of Karonga was all but forgotten. The local variety took close to 9 months to mature and farmers only grew small areas for their own consumption. With the recent release and promotion of the medium-duration variety ICEAP 00557, locally known as Mwaiwathualimi, the situation has changed.

ICEAP 00557 matures in 5-6 months and yields much more than the long-duration pigeonpea.

Dr Said Silim, ICRISAT’s Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa, recently visited Photo: S Sridharan, ICRISAT Malawi to check on the progress of the crop in the country and to listen to farmers’ views. Dr S Silim shows farmers in Karonga how to harvest pigeonpea.

Dr Silim was accompanied by Dr Moses Siambi, Country Representative for Malawi; Mr Felix Sichali, The team visited seven farmers in the area, some of Program Manager for the Malawi Seed Industry whom were seed producers. Mr Raphael Bellings Development Project funded by Irish Aid; and Mr Mwalughali, a farmer from Lughali village was Teddie Chirwa, Scientific Officer at ICRISAT-Lilongwe. pleased with the performance of the new variety.

“When I look at the rainfall in this place I think that The team visited the offices of Mr Dan Yona, Program this variety is well suited. Even if you plant at a late Manager for Karonga Agricultural Development stage, it does well. It doesn’t wither or dry up and Division, who thanked ICRISAT for the successful the yield is good,” he elaborated. partnership. “We have always worked in partnership with ICRISAT and I am glad we work so closely. What Farmers in Karonga who are used to growing the we do is evidence-based so you should be able to see labor-intensive cotton as a cash crop which has for yourselves the work that has been done.” an unstable market, are now considering pigeonpea as an alternative. “Cotton started at Appreciating Dr Silim’s visit, Dr Geoffrey Kananji, US$ 0.60/kg and is now US$ 0.45/kg. Last year, my national pigeonpea breeder for Malawi, said: “The friends sold their pigeonpea for US$ 0.75/kg. That is excellent collaboration between ICRISAT and our why I decided to try it this year,” Mwalughali said. department has been there from the beginning until The main problem farmers faced this season was today and we have shown that this can make a huge the American boll worm, which affects both cotton difference.” and pigeonpea.

Photo: S Sridharan, ICRISAT

Dr S Silim looks at the grain size of shelled pigeonpea and discusses the cooking process and taste of ICEAP 00557.

In a concerted effort to make the seed of the new Mwaiwathualimi variety available to farmers, the project has put up 712 hectares to certified seed production. The seed will be sold under the Malawi Seed Alliance (MASA) brand. The project is also promoting a collective platform approach in the district by forming and working through the Team Karonga Pigeonpea1 (TKP1). This group, which includes ICRISAT, government/extension agencies, and nongovernment organizations, encourages the coordination of activities such as field days and shares market-related information with each other and with the smallholder farmers in the district. g

ICRISAT HAPPENINGS 19 JULY 2013 1580 5

Sustainable intensification of sorghum and legume system (SLI) project reviewed

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he project on sustainable intensification of sorghum-legume based systems (SLI) in Eastern and Central Africa aims to enhance productivity and competitiveness by increasing the utilization of sustainable sorghum-legume system technologies and innovations by smallholder farmers. It is backstopped by the Staple Foods Program of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) in partnership with ICRISAT and national partners in Uganda, Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania.

The project held its review and planning meeting in Soroti, Uganda on 10-12 July, to review progress on attainment of project outputs in the past year and to plan for implementation of outstanding activities.

The meeting was preceded by a field visit to on-farm trials and demonstrations and farm-level value addition activities to elicit farmer feedback on the impact of the project.

Despite the drought in the March-June cropping season, farmers estimated that sorghum-cowpea and sorghum-green gram cropping systems (due to their adaptation and resilience to drought conditions) yielded 30% more grain than other traditional cropping systems. The Soroti Sorghum Producers and Processors Association (SOSPPA), a 350-member community-based farmers’ association of which 60% are women, has started milling and packaging sorghum-cowpea composite flour for sale in the urban markets and is also making cakes, biscuits, and other products consumed as snacks in schools and urban markets. For better linkages to markets, members expressed the need for agri-business training, better equipment to make and package value-added products and linkages to sources of subsidized credit.

Launching the meeting, Ivan Rwomushana, Head, Staple Foods Program, urged the participants to identify undelivered SLI outputs to be delivered before the end of the project and to compile noticeable gaps for inclusion as activities in the next phase of the project. It was reported that baseline surveys; participatory variety selection (PVS) for improved sorghum varieties, groundnut, cowpea, green grams and dolichos lablab; on-farm demonstrations of adapted varieties; suitable sorghum-legume intercropping systems; soil and water management practices; and Striga control practices were successfully completed in the project countries. Over 2000 farmers have been trained in crop agronomy, postharvest management and in making value-added products while information dissemination and 6 ICRISAT HAPPENINGS 19 JULY 2013 1580

Photo: P Audi, ICRISAT

Participants of the meeting pose with the family of one of the participating farmers.

marketing platforms were established in Uganda and Tanzania. Postgraduate training for research staff was on-going in all the countries.

Preliminary results by Jubilee Feeds and University of Nairobi, Kenya in formulating sorghum-legume composite feed for broiler chicken indicated that the sorghum-green gram formulations at 70% and 30% composition, respectively, gave the best growth performance in which the chicken reached market weight (1.5 kg) at 6 weeks with market-preferred quality meat product. ICRISAT has contributed to this by providing germplasm, basic seed and sometimes, foundation seed of adapted varieties, capacity building in agronomic and baseline data analysis and in making postharvest equipment more accessible to lead partner institutions.

It was agreed that policy briefs would be prepared from baseline survey results and secondary information. A platform for sharing SLI project results will also be established and that ASARECA and ICRISAT would initiate a rapid assessment survey to determine the diffusion and uptake pathways for SLI innovations in all project countries before the end of the project. At end of the meeting, NARO’s Dr Robert Olupot of the National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute in Serere, Uganda was selected as the new Principal Investigator of the project.

The meeting was attended by 25 participants from ASARECA, ICRISAT, East African Farmers Federation, Jubilee Feeds, Kenya, and lead national partner institutions – National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda; Agricultural Research Council, Sudan; Department of Research and Development, Tanzania; University of Nairobi, Kenya; and National Agricultural Research Institute, Eritrea. g

A celebration of rhythm

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or everything there is a season. A time for work and a time for the cessation of work. All this is part of the rhythm of life at ICRISAT. On 17 July, many scientists and managers in the Patancheru campus donned colorful national attires to participate in A Celebration of Rhythm at the Academic Court, to fete Dr David Hoisington, Deputy Director General for Research, and Dr Said Silim, Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa, on their retirement from the service. The honorees were joined by their spouses Janet Hoisington and Tahiya Silim and Dr Silim’s son Housan.

The occasion also marked the hand-over of responsibilities in ICRISAT, with Dr Hoisington passing the baton to Dr C L L Gowda as Acting Deputy Director General for Research; to Dr Shoba Sivasankar as Director, CGIAR Research Program on DrylandCereals; and to Dr Noel Ellis as Director, CGIAR Research Program on GrainLegumes. In the same token, Dr Gowda turned over his responsibilities as Research program Director – Grain Legumes to Dr Rajeev Varshney.

Dr William Dar presented the Director General’s medal to Drs Hoisington and Silim for their outstanding and honorable service to the Institute. g

Photos: PS Rao, ICRISAT ICRISAT HAPPENINGS 19 JULY 2013 1580 7

Noel Ellis joins as Director, CGIAR Research Program on GrainLegumes Dr Thomas Henry Noel Ellis, a British national, joined on 15 July, as Director, CGIAR Research Program on GrainLegumes. Prior to taking up this assignment, Dr Ellis was Professor in Crop Genetics and Phenotype Biology and Leader of the Genome Diversity Research Theme at the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, UK. Born in Co. Armagh, Northern Ireland, Noel did his graduate studies at the University of Edinburgh, and earned his BSc degree in Biological Sciences.

Guided by EM Southern and others in the Mammalian Genome Unit, he was awarded a PhD, also from Edinburgh, in 1979 for his thesis on

“Examination of the variation of the structure of satellite DNAs”.

Noel has held several assignments with increasing leadership responsibilities from 1979 until 2011 at the John Innes Center in Norwich, and most recently with IBERS in Aberystwyth. The main focus of his research in recent years has been on the evolution and diversification of legumes at genomic and phenotypic levels, and he has been involved in the molecular characterization of two of Mendel’s genes.

Noel has over 160 publications to his credit and has been awarded 17 competitive grants, including the multinational European Union FP6 project ‘Grain Legumes’. His personal interests range from pottery and walking to natural history and astronomy.

Noel’s spouse, Dr Julie Margareth Isabel Hofer, will be joining him during the latter part of the year.

We welcome Noel and his family to ICRISAT!

Gynecological screening camp on 25 July Periodical screening can help in the early detection of cervical and breast cancers. The Field Medical Unit at ICRISAT headquarters is organizing a gynecological screening camp on 25 July, to be conducted by Dr L Chandana, Gynecologist, Nova Specialty Surgery, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad.

Those who may want to undergo a Pap smear (for cervical cancer detection) will have to contribute Rs 100 for the test. Staff members may register their names with Ms K Anuradha at Extn # 2640.

Visitors’ log 16 July: Sixty-two students from Oxford Grammar school, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad.

18 July: Sixty students from Fatima Vidyalayam, Christian Pally, Mahaboobnagar, Andhra Pradesh;

and 35 members from the Hyderabad Archdiocese Social Service Society, Secunderabad.

19 July: BSc graduate students from St Mary’s College, Hyderabad.

ICRISAT-Patancheru (Headquarters) Patancheru 502 324 Andhra Pradesh, India Tel +91 40 30713071

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ICRISAT-Bamako (Regional hub WCA) BP 320 Bamako, Mali Tel +223 20 709200

ICRISAT-Niamey BP 12404 Niamey, Niger (Via Paris) Tel +227 20722529

ICRISAT-Bulawayo Matopos Research Station PO Box 776 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Tel +263 383 311 to 15

ICRISAT-Lilongwe Chitedze Agricultural Research Station PO Box 1096 Lilongwe, Malawi Tel +265 1 707297, 071, 067, 057

ICRISAT- Kano PMB 3491, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road Tarauni, Kano, Nigeria Tel: +234 7034889836

ICRISAT-Maputo c/o IIAM, Av. das FPLM No 2698 Caixa Postal 1906 Maputo, Mozambique Tel +258 21 461657

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