Community-based Integrated Watershed Management A community-based approach to integrated rural development uses watershed management as an entry point
Overview Rainfed agriculture in arid and semiarid tropics is complex, diverse, risk prone and characterized by low levels of SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG ORZ LQSXW XVH HIÂżFLHQF\ Water scarcity and land degradation are the major concerns for agricultural development and poor water use HIÂżFLHQF\ LQ GU\ ODQGV Changing climatic situation in recent years put extraordinary challenges especially in rainfed areas and is highly YXOQHUDEOH IRU DJULFXOWXUH SURGXFWLRQ Current yield levels in semi-arid tropics are 2-5 folds less than the potential yield, indicating the scope for KDUQHVVLQJ XQWDSSHG SRWHQWLDO ICRISAT demonstrated an innovative consortium model for community development and poverty alleviation in which integrated watershed development programs are LPSOHPHQWHG DV HQWU\ SRLQWV
Principal Scientist Watersheds, SP Wani (right) and Research Program Director Grain Legumes, CLL Gowda, at a water-conservation tank in Tirunnelveli watershed, Tamil Nadu.
increases groundwater recharge while trapping sediments that protect ULYHU HFRV\VWHPV IXUWKHU GRZQVWUHDP Y ,Q VLWX LQWHUYHQWLRQV LQFUHDVH VRLO PRLVWXUH DYDLODELOLW\ E\ Âą Y Ex-situ interventions trap 30-60% of surface runoff and enhances JURXQGZDWHU UHFKDUJH Y SWC interventions restrict soil loss to less than 20% of non-intervention ORVVHV
The impact
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ICRISAT-Patancheru demonstration of waterharvesting, glyricidia plantation, and water collection tank.
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Vermicomposting, an ancillary occupation of watershed extension work, brings additional income for women. Integrating livestock with agriculture also improves livelihoods.
Masonry check-dam in Kothapally, Andhra Pradesh.
The innovation Soil and Water conservation measures 6:&
In-situ interventions Y 0LQLPL]H VXUIDFH UXQRII DOORZLQJ PRUH ZDWHU WR SHUFRODWH LQWR WKH ÂżHOGV SURWHFWLQJ VRLOV from erosion
Ex-situ interventions Y Reduce peak discharge and harvest a substantial amount of runoff, which
Top: Community ponds in (left) Tad Fa, Thailand; and Lucheba, China. %RWWRP *XOO\ FRQWURO VWUXFWXUH OHIW DQG URFN ÂżOOHG GDPV SUHYHQW HURVLRQ DQG IDFLOLWDWH LQÂżOWUDWLRQ RI UDLQZDWHU LQWR WKH JURXQG
Aerial view showing grassed-waterways, canal, contours, slopes, and agricultural and horticultural cultivation within watersheds.
Aug 2012