Proposed ISEMPH 2023 Workshop: Niveau Diagnosis in Evolutionary Medicine

Moderators:

Nicole Bender, M.D., Ph.D.

University of Zurich, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine

Noel T. Boaz , Ph.D., M.D. (Organizer)

ICSM Center for Evolutionary Medicine

Robert L. Chevalier, M.D.

University of Virginia, Department of Pediatrics

Elizabeth Uhl, D.V.M., Ph.D.

University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine

ACCESS THE CASE WORKSHEETS AND HANDOUTS:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ig3cOkFvR_TdWvwnSgg9Bdv2m6IrSnN/view?usp=drive_link

Ho2: Tinbergen Ho3: Gluckman, et al. Ho4: O’Rahilly & Müller

Ho5: Boaz

Ho6: Timetree.org

H.s. Phylogeny

Ho7: Gibson

Ws2: Niveau Adaptations by System Ws3 Niveau Diagnosis Table

HANDOUT #5: Match your clade and extant/model organismwith the correspondingevolutionary level

X

Evaluate hypothetical evolutionary levels at which pathological mechanismsmay have operated as evidenced by data on extant , e.g. model or related organisms with homologous adaptations. Check all applicable clades in the top row of boxes.

HANDOUT #6:

https://na1.documents.adobe.com/public/esignWidget?wid=CBFCIBAA3AAABLblqZ

hCCIEuUxvAVslnBssQ6F6rugdIGHIloTeIY2RKp5NYFZgdF0S0rwKHoKUBG7K84XP0

Melanic skinco-evolves with hairlessness in tropics to preventUV damage tofolate; Lowmelanin for VitD Hair density decreases with thermoregulatory sweating

Stratified epithelium; surface ectoderm;basal epidermal stem cells; mechano-, thermo-, and nociceptors; hair,nails, teeth, and glands

Stratum corneum; keratinepidermal scales; alpha and beta keratogens

Integument simple epithelium; lipid epicuticle; collaginous cuticle;embedded torch neurons

Cell adhesionreceptors; extracellular matrix domain; Signal transduction TyrK

Cell adhesion; cell-cell communication; SH2 and PTP cell signalling

Enter the system(s)affected by your patient’s pathology (attop right). Use Handout# 06 to establishthe phylogeneticlevel(s) of the adaptation(s) affected and usingHandout#5 enter the adaptation(s) in the appropriate row.This exercise uses an Evolutionary Timelinefor your taxon (Homo sapiens or another species) derivablefrom Timetree.org.

Mismatch ofskin melanin with high insolation; Folate/Vit. D tradeoff; Dysfunctional social bonds maintaininghealth

Chemotherapy (refused); Surgical excision

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Anti-IL12p40 mAb therapy)

Sunscreen; protective clothing Radiation/chemo Tx

Physicianoversight

Invitation to Contribute MDPI Special Issue

Ontophylogenetic Morphophysiology and Evolutionary Medicine

OntophylogeneticMorphophysiology

A plethora of descriptive anatomy, both human and comparative, has been accumulated over the past several centuries. Relativelylittle of this vast reservoir of anatomical scholarship has been integrated into a modern ontophylogenetic hypotheticalnarrative. The ability to establish genomic homology of structures across species and the capabilityto chronologicallyorder adaptations that characterize evolvingorganisms through time have made it possible to construct a grand narrative of human evolution writ large. This view of human origins is not restricted to the traditional domain of anthropologybut can serve to localize humans’ place in nature far beyond the limit of the Order Primates and more preciselythan ever before. Additionally, the wider arrayof disciplinesnow contributing to this new integrative biologyhas broadened the scope of what used to be a primarilyanatomical and paleontological interpretation of structural evolution into one which speaks to functional change in the physiological and biochemical realms as well. Descriptive of this new field is the composite term “morphophysiology.”

Evolutionary Medicine

Contact:

A refined, more detailed, and more empirical evolutionaryand developmental understandingof human structure and function provides a new and promising foundation for developing a comprehensive and generallyapplicable EvolutionaryMedicine. Thisapplied field aspires to place the diagnosis of illness, pathology, or disease on a firm scientific basis with the goal of bettering global health and wellness. Many clinical entities which beset humanityare classified as associations or syndromes, recognized bysigns and symptoms but without clear etiologies. Others are simplytermed “idiopathic” (or agnogenic) - of no known cause. An inabilityto pinpoint the cause of pathologyis anathema to medicine (Boaz 2021, Fig. 6). Yet, Western Medicine’s avowed adherence to its scientific foundations belies a remarkable dearth of hypotheses advanced to explain manycommon maladies. A diachronic evolutionaryresearch perspective can be used to generate and test hypotheses to explicate heretofore idiopathic pathologies. This empirical intersecting approach will lead to more clinical research examining disease through an evolutionarylens and foster more effective therapies.