Lower R. An account of the experiment of transfusion, practised upon a man in London.

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WOOD LIBRARY-MUSEUM

OF ANESTHESIOLOGY

I

38. BLOOD TRANSFUSION.-LOWER (Richard). An Account of the Experiment of Transfusion, practised upon a Man in London. 4to. Pp. 557-564 in $250 Philosophical Transactions,Number 30, December 9, 1667.

Garrison-Morton 2014: "First transfusion of blood performed on a human in England, Nov. 23, 1667." Complete issue, bound in full cloth, continued to page 580.

BLOOD TRANSFUSION see also no. 239.

NwnI.;o

(57.)

PHI LOSOPHICAL

TRA NSA CTIONS. Monday, December 9. I 6 6

7.

The Contents.

L4,xy

Account

of the

Man in London.

Experiment af Transfufion,

prafhfed upon a

4 Narrative of fome Trials of Transffaom,

lately-made inFrance. Some New Experiments of Injecing medicated Liquors into humane Veins, together with fome conExtrasi .of a Letter Jiderable Cares performed thereby.

giving w4cconnt viA~n

written from the Berm~udas,

of the Courfe of

an

the Tides there; of Wells both fait and fweet, dzgg'd nsear the the Whalf-fishing there prallifed anew, and of fatch Method forjisd. have the Sperma Ceti in them. whaler, any year af/igned, the ing the Number of the Julian Period, of the Cycle of the Sun, the Cycle of the Moon,, vs.4n Ac.. , for the fame year, being given. of the

Sea; of.

,vs

for

Number and Indiffons count of fome Books.

I. PETRI

A

LA\M$lCHl LIB. PRIMLIS

II. THO. PRO DROM~I H[STORIAE LITERARLL'fE. Mk C 0 R N EL tI, PROGYMNASMATA PHYSICA. III. LES ESSAYS de PHYS1Q 1E du Siewr de LAUNAY. I V. FRANCISCI DU LAULKENS SPECIMINA MATHEMATIGA, duobus Libris comprehenfa.

An Account Of the Experiment of Trans/u/ion, pra~Ttfed upon a

Man

23.- i66 7. upon one-Mr. Arthur Coga,

This was perform'd, Noveznb.

Arundelhoufe, in the. prefrnce of

thofe two

in London.

many

confiderable

at

and intelligent perfonr,

Learned Phyficians and dextrous Anastomr~,9sf by the management of Dr.Richard Lower, and Dr. Edmund King, the tatter of whom comjwgica.. of it, ted He Experiment of Transfufion of Blood into an humane

th~ e.aio

aifollweth.

TVein was made by Us in

this manner.

M mm.n

Having prepared t:}i

we

the carotid Artery in a young Sheep, in(erted Silver-Pipe into the Qills to let the Blood run through it into aPorringerand in the [pace of alnofi a minute, about i z ounces of Sheeps bloud ran through the Pipe into the Porringer; which was fomewhat to dire6 us in the quantity of Blaud now to be transfu;3 d in. in to the Man,. Which done, when we came to prepare the the Man's Arm, the Vein feem'd too fiiall for that Pipe, which we intended to infert into it; fo that we imployed another,about one third part lers,at the little end. Then we made an inciion in the Vein, after the method formerly pubiifht, Numb. z8; which method we obferv'd without any other alteration) but in the fhape of one of our Pipes ; which we found more convenient for our purpose. And, having open'd the Vein in Man's Arm,with as much eafe as in the common way of Venafeion, we let thence run out 6 or 7 ounces of Blood. Then we planted our filver Pipe into the faid Incifion, and in(&rted Quills between the two Pipes already advanced in the two fubjets, to convey the Arterial bloud from the Sheep into the Vein of the Man.But this Blood was near a ixutpbefore it had paft through the Pipes and Quills into the Arm ; and then it ran freely into the Man's Vein' for the fpace of z minutes at leaft; o could feel a Pu/fe in the raid Vein jufi beyond the end of the flver Pipe ; though the Patient Paid, he did not feel the Blood hot, (as we reported of the fubjea in the French Experiment) which

the

rein

the

that-we

through

may very well be imputed to the length of the Pipes, which the blood paffed, lofing thereby fo much of its heat, as come in a temper very agreeable to Venal Blood. ..And as to

tothe quantity of Blood receiv'd into-the Man's Vein, we judge, ,3

there was about 9 or i o ounces: For, allowing this Pipe lefs than that, through which iz ounces pafs'd in one minute before, we may very well Fuppofe,it might in minutes convey as much in the Porringer in onemiblood into the Vein, as the other Blood did not run Co vigorouflj nue; granting withal], that thecond minute, as it did the firfi, nor the third, as the fecon, &ic. But, that the Blood did run all the time of thofe two mi-

2 did the

5when

nutes, we conclude from thence Firfi, becaufe we felt a Pulfe upon the Man's faying, during that time,sccondl,becaufe He

He thought, he had wnough, we drew the Pips out of his Vein, the Sheeps blood ran through it with a full (ream; which it had not done, if there had been any flop before, in the fpace of thofe two minutes; the blood being lb very apt to coagulate in the Pipes upon the leafit flop, efpecially the Pipes being fo long as three Quills.

The Man after this operation, as well as in it, found him felf very well, and hath given in his own Narrative under his own hand, enlarging more upon the benefit, he thinks, he hath received by it, than wethink fit to own as yet. He urg'd us to have the Experiment repeated upon him within 3 or days affomewhar ter this; but it was thought advifable, to put it exalefpecially more hope to we next time, And the longer. in weighing the Emittent Animal before and after the Operation, to have a more juft account of the quantity of Blood, it shall have loft.

off 4

be

A Rkelation

Of fome.Trials of the fame Operation, lately made in France.

Natural

Phi/u. M. Denys, Profeffor of the Mathematicks and That fophy at Paris, in a Letter of his to the Publifher hers into a of four they had lately tranfmitted the years old, and that this Horfe had thence received Horfe of

relatedi,

7.6

Weat Blood much flrength, and more than an ordinary flomach. ~.The fame per fon was pleafed to fend to the fame hand a printed Letter, written to the Abbot Boardelot by M. Gadroys, beof one M. 'Lamy, and confirming the. ing an Anfwer to a Paper, by new Excperiments. in this Anjivr the 7

Transfufin of Blood

4Mothor is vindicating the Transfkfion from Objed6~ins ; where: fir{t he takes notice,

That, whereas the Ojctior undertakes to

ought

to refute the Experiments made, by fimple Ratzvcinationsc,it be confidered, that the Qo diibetical Learning of the schools- is capabl&enough to find Argumentsfor and agabi'JIall forts of Opithat is able that there is nothing, nions)

but

but Experience, i

m n2w.

MAl

to

(560) give the Verdi&k and the Iaf Decifion, efpecially in matters of NaturalPhilofophy and P/9yflck: That a hundred years-ago, there were no Arguments wanting to prove, that or the Vinum Emeticum was poyf'on; the ufe of it being then forbidden by a Decree of the Faculty of Phyficians ; and that at this day there are no Arguments wanting, to prove the contrary, and to with wonThat it is a Purgative of great importance, derful effets, the fame Facuilty having publifl'd a Decree the laid year, by it permits, and even ordains the ufe thereof. So that it ought to be (aid, that Sole Experience hath determin'd this matter, and that the Recovery of many perfons, and amongif them, of the MlvoChrjlianKing him[elf, hath more conduced to convince Men of its utefulnes, than all the bare Ratiocinations, that could be employed to defend it. And f'o it is with all Reme dies, there being not one, that is not approved by fome Phyjician or other,who thinks to have reafon on his fideand difapprov'd at the fame by others of that Profefiionwho conceive to have it on theirs: Whereas He certainly is to be efteemed the molt Rational, that in thefe matters is guided by good Experience.

And fince the Tranfs/u/ion of Blood is a new thing (unknown for ought we know) to all former Ages, ingenious Men, and vers of the Increafe of the Stock, ferving fox the reief and eonvenienciesof Human Life, do no more, in this particular, than propoe and recommend it to generous and unprejudicate Phyfician, to judge of its agreeablenes to Human Bodies, and to make

Antimony

follow'd

affert,

which

time

lo-

trials of itaccordingly ; them felves efleeming, that fince it concerns the Health and Life of Man, it cannot be examin'd too fea verely;" though at the fame time they conceive, that 'tis unequal

to fBand herein to the verdkt of fuch arrogant Men,who from a self-conceit of knowing all things already, are very impatient a

any thing di~cover'd, which they have not thought on them-'Mnbigtees on,who do not precipitate their Judgment,bur flay for many Ex. didadthmo

oberld

periments,carefully made~to conclude themfelves by. For whicha purpofe, the Author wiffies, that Perfons in power would cafe a

good number of Experiments of this Invention to be mxade, and examen them either themfelves, or give order to prudent and free- fpiricd Phyficiana and c'birargeonsto do fo.

(5'6L) Among the Objeti9ns, (which the Author finds to be generally grounded upon inconiiderayions, miflakes, and'a fuppofiton, as if peremptory Affirmations touching the effets of this Transfuhion were obtruded, whereas all is lefttoheucesfExri faithfully made) there is one, direted againf the e/fets of that operation, which appeared in the young Man, who (by Mr. Denys's Relation"in his printed Letter to Monfiur De Montmor) after he had received the Arterial Blood of a Lamb, was cured of an extraordinary coniiquent to a violent Feaver, wherein he had been let blood 20 times. And the OL'ecrion is, That the lively apprehenlon the faid young Man had of a remedy fo unufual, and whereof the fuccefs could but appear very dubious to him, and render him exceedingly anxious, did fo roufe his fpirits1 and put them into iuch motionas to difengage them from that embarafinent, which hindred their difffion; upon which difentanglement follow'd all the other good effects, that are imputed to the Transfufion.

wments

Lethargy,

Co

not

Apprehen-

To this Conceit the Ai/iverer replies, That if the flog could have cured this young Man, the Cure would doubtlefs have been effe~ted 24 hours before the Transfufion, becaufe he

then happen'd to have a very great one,by falling down flairs; as was alfo obferved in Mr. Denys his Relation of this Experiment.

Befides, that this Patient was noted to be Co far from apprehea. ding or fearing this Operation) that he did not Co much as know, what the Transffion was;"

but thought, the Lamb wasonlyap-

plied to his Arm, to fuck from him his ill Blood, as he was made to believe, after an ancient and ufiial way.

To that Objetion, wherein fome put weight, viz,)That there is a great difference between the Flefh we eat for food, and the Blood that is tranfmitted immediately into the Veins ; the former.

Alteration,

undergoing a great which the latter does not: Our Author replies, That of the three principal Digeflions of the Aliment, have been always difhnguifh'd by Authors, the FirJI, which is made in the Stomach, is not in cornparifon of the others, which are made of the Chyle and t'hs

that

confiderable two Blood, in the Heart, the Liver, and generally in all the parts that receive nurrition,which he illuft rates by

this: That as the Con-

coidun, which is made of the Juices of the Earth in the Root

(r6z) and Heart of the Trunk of a Tree, does notfb much ferve to the prod ution of this or that Fruit,as the laft FiltrationA hat is made of thole Juyces in the fmall Fibres of the Grafts; fo all thofe Digeftions, which are fuppofed to be made in the Stomach and the Heart or the Liver of Animals, do not fo much ferve give the particles of theA "iment thofe Figureswhich they require to be converted into the fubfance of Manas the diverjitr of Pores, that ftrain them lafi of all, and differ in the Bones, Flefh, Cartilages, and other parts; in which the Ancients this reafon did admit as many different Anfimilating faculties. Nowfaith he, though the new Blood, which is given in the Transfujion, undergoes not theffirft Concotion, made in the Stomach, yet it fuffers the two others, in making many Circulations together with the native blood; and that therefore nothing hinders, but it may be fit to be changed into the fubftance of Man, without inconvenience.

The refl of the Ojdlinsr, here alledged, feeming to be of no moment, though anfwer'd by our Author, we Ihall here pas by, and) for a general anfwerto all,employ Experienceand ti e fveral fuccefsful Transfufions, he relates; asthofe of LamIs4/ood into Dogs, which, after the fpace of feveral months from the time of the Operation, do not only live, but are very and fame of them grown fatter than they were before; and of

alfo

to

fur

blood into a little Spaniel bitch of

1.2

well, Kids

years of age, which, a little

while after the Operation; grew vigorous and aaive, and even proud in Iefs than eight days. To which, he adds a confiderable Experiment, lately made upon a perfon, that had been for three. weeks afflh~ted with

thecomplicated Difternpers of an Hepatick

Flux, a Lientery, and a bilious Diarrhxa, accompanied with a very violent Feaver; and had been attended by four Phyficians,

purged,

and clyftered him,as much as they. who having blouded, he was unable to ftir,loft thought fit, grew. at laft fo fpeech and fenfes,and vomited all he took: whereupon they al-

he

weak,that

his together defpairing of and abandoning the Patient,and declaring. that they did fo,in the preftence of divers perfons of honor, confensfhrn made upon the Patient, ted to have the Experiment of rransf as the laft Re fuge; very unweilwhich his Relations had propofed,

ling

to omit any thing&that might iiem probable to recuc-a

dying

(56})

M.

man.

Denys and M. Emmerey were befought to employ this laft uccours. But they,feeing the deplored hate of the Sickabfolutely refufed to make the tryal, alledging, that the Transfufion was not a means to reftore either the fold parts, or to cure a Gangrene,which was apparently in his Inteffmnes; they fhould have ufed it fooner, and at the very time, when the great evacuations of blood were made in the Patienr. notwithihanding all this, they were exceedingly prefs'd to comply with their defires, and not to let their Friend dye without trying all means poffible. They,being overcome by this importunityand having fecured their honour and fafety, by the declaration above tryst mentioned of the Phyficians, and by their conent to of this E'cperiment, transfu[ed into his Veins a fmall quantity Calves blood in a morning; whereupon, this Patient was already in a Lethargy, and convulfive, and had a very low and creeping pulfe, yet, behold, an unexpeded change happen'd to him. His pulfe grew higher in an intant, and became more vigorous, his Convulfions ceafed, he look'd fixedly on the Byifanders, fpoke pertinently, and in divers Languages to thofe that fpoke to him, and fell into a very quiet leep. Awakening three quarters of an hour after, he took feveral Broaths for the rea of the day, not vomiting at all, nor having any fool, alnothing at the though for three days before he could Mouth, nor had had any intermiflion of his loolnefs fince the very beginning of his ficknefs. Having thus remained for a4. hours, his forces began to diminith again, and his pulfe to grow low, and the loofnefs to return. His Friends then urged a

But,

the of though

take

cond

Transfufion, which being at laft performed the next

n n of ,t

te tin

femor-

For though v 'dfthenevioalto heratookanhisbubroath t atwas

a (hort eP duration. edrc

by

htoot, and at noon well, without vomiting; yet he voided Rill he began to decline, and about 5 at night he died, without the

appearance of any convulfions.

His body being open'd before

the Phyficians, the f/eon was found ret urn'd into it Celf from the top the bottom~and below that knot unto the arnis the Bowels

toall

unliipportable

ifench. His livid, gapgren'd, and of an were PatcreMa extraordinarily hard, and fo obfiruded, that the

was

Pa,,creaick Juice had no liberty to diffufe it feWf into the Guts.

( 64)

His spleenThewas veryverythick,dry,andand,hisas'twere, Liver big, and in fome places burnt. found the Vein, by which the Transfutioahad been made, there was, from the place of the opening of Arm, livid.

Heart

And having

the

to the Heart,

alnoft no blood found in it, no more than in the otherVeins, nor in the Ventricles of the Heart, for as much as that little, he

received,had been imbibed by his hot and dry Flefh. All which this Author affures, can. be attefled both by a dozen perfbns of great veracity, who were prefent at this di1ehon, and confirmed by the certificates given by the Phyficians themfeves; to be fent to the Parentsof the deceafed Stranger;-who is the very:fame with him,of whom a lefs punctual account given) Numbz8.

was

11 519.0

Some newr Experiments Of injeiing Medicated Liquors into

veins, together

conjiderable Cures perform'd there'y..

This

With the

written

w lately communicated in a Letter from Dantzick

by Dr.Fabritius,Pyjicianin Ordinary t that City, which out of the Latin we thia Englijir

F

rafmuch as we had a great defire to experiment, what

would be the effe6ts of the Chirurgery of injeting Liquors into HIfmmne Veins, three fit SubjeCs prefenting themelves in

our Hofpital, we thought good to make the

Tryal upon them.

Bhut feeing little ground to hope for a manifeff operation from only

Altering_ Medicines,

we

efteemed, the Experiment. would

be more convenient and confpicuous

made us injet by a

from

which Syphon about two DrachmsLaxatives;. of fuch a kind of

Phyfick into the Median Vein of the right Arm. The Patients were thefe. One was a lufty robufi Souldierdangeroufly infeaed with the Venereal Difeafe, and fuffering grievous protuberatings of the bones in his Arms. IAe,when the purgative Liquor wvas infufed into him,; complained of great pains in :his Elbows, and the little valves olf his Arm did fwell fo vifibly, that it.was nteceff'ary by a gentle comnpreflion of ones fingers to

towards the Patients fhoulders.

firoke up that fwelling

Some g.hours after, it began to

work, not very troubjefomly ; and fo it did the

next day, info-

Riuch. that the Man.had five good (tools after it. Without any otheor

nor

are theeam other remedies thote protuberances were gong footifeps left of the abovemenrioned Difeafe.

The two other Trials were made upon the other Sex. A mar

20 years of age, had very grievoufly afliked with

ried Wman of 3 5, and a erving Maid of

been both of them from their Birth Epieptick fits, Co that there was little hopes left to cure them.

They both underwent this operation,and there was injected into their Veins a Laxative Rofn,

diffolved in an

ftools,

Anti-Epileptica1

Come hours after Spirit. The firJI of thefe had gentle and then, the Injehon, and the next day the fits recurring but much milder, are fince altogether vaiifh'd. As for the other, went the fame day to fool four times, and ziz, the Maid, taking feveral times the next5 but by going into the Air, away. her [elf cold, and not obferving any diet, caft 'Tis remarkable, that it was common to all three to vomit loon after the inje~tion, and that extreamly and frequently; the reaCon whereof we leave to intelligent Phyficians to adign.

now

The

and

4ln ExtrvdE of a Letter, written from the Bermudas, giving an account of the Tides there; of Wells both [alt and tweer, the Corfe dig'd near the Sea; of the Whleflfbing there praczfed Sperms Ceti in them. anew, and of fuch Whales u have

of

Ths

Letter

the

*WAd

Wrritte

Mr. Richard Norwood,

SIR,

TReceived

your

June

18.

1667.

by

that

intelligent

living upon the'plane, 4ndreldting arfollws.

Letter of Oaober 2.

Imention another formerly

1666.

Genieman

but, whereas you

my

hands ent, that never-came to intelligence the lea(~ yours, of receipt the I, had Neither the Inflitution of the Royal Society, founded by the King; but

ofgmn very glad,

before

his

God

Majefly, hath, put into the heart of that abrle to advance Cuch a noble Defign, and fhould rejoyce, to the particulars the furtherance of it.

Mite to add

my

for

you recomniend to

order I find them.-

Firfi,

As me, I fhall anfwer to them,

touching the Conjunlio

N

I were

asi cast,

in

the

o f c.ZI'rcury with thae sus,

nnw.hich

you fay you gave me notice of in your firf, not received, which . 25. 1664. 1 had alfo notice of it and which happened (566)

O4o

from Mr. Street, and had provided in fume meafure to obferve could fcarce be it; but the sky was fo overcat, that the day. that all difcerned Next, concerning the Tides, I have only taken a general notice of them ; as, that it js high water about 7 of the clock on the Change day (in ome Creeks an hour or two later.) but little, as about 4 foot at a high water ; but at water the Spring-rides it may be a foot wore. The Tides without very various in their fetting. Sometimes the Tide of Floud fets to the Eafiward, fometimes to the wevard : but in fair, calm, soath-eaft toward and fetled weather, the faid Tide fets from Cay. they as North-wefJ, the We dig wells of fresh water fometimes within 20 yards of the Sea or lets, which rife and fall upon the Floud, and ebb as the Sea doth; and Co do mot of the Wells in the Country, though further up (as I am inform'd.) Wherefoever they digg Wells here, they digg till they come almoft to a Level with the fuperfiof the Sea, and then they find either frejh water falt. If it befrefh, yet if they digg two or threaoot deeper, or often Iefs, it be a fancy ground, or a Tndy they come to felt water. crumbling Stone, that the water foaks gently through, they find ufuallyfrejh water; but if they be hard Limelione-Rockswhich

Sun

The

-rieth

are

the

cies

or

If

the water cannot foak through, but paffeth in chinks or clefts

between them, the water is falt or brackifh. Yet (to mention that by the by) never faw any Sand in the Country fuch as will grind Glafs, or whet as in England, but' a Cubftance like Sand, though much fofter;, have we any

I

Peble-Jioner or Flint.

For the killing of

Knives, &c.

neither

whales, it

hath been formerly attempted in' vain, tut within thefe two or three years, in the Spring-time and fair weather, they -take fometimes one, or two, three in a day.

They are le's, I[hear, than thofe in Greenland, but more quick and lively, fo that be ifruck in deep water, they prefent-

or

if, they finch violence, that the Boat is in danger to be haled down after them, if they cut not the Rope in, time the~efoce they ufuallyiftrike themn in 0oabwater. They 1.y

make

5

into the deep with

Lhave

(167)

Oars,

have very good Boats for that purpofe, mannd with fix fuch as they can row forwards or backwards, as occafion requireth. They row up gently to the Whale, and Co he will fcarcely fuun them; and when the Harpineer,(anding ready fitted, fees his opportunity, he htrikes his Harping-Iron into the Whale about or before the Fins, rather than toward the Tail. Now the Harping-Irons are like thofe, which are ufual intrEvgiazdifi king Porpoifes 5 but fingular good metl htwllntbek but wind, as they fay, about a man's hand. To the HarpingIrons is made fall a (tong lythe Rope,and into of that Iron is put a Staff, which, when the Whale is iruck, comes out of the Socket; and Co when the is fomething quiet, they hale up to him by tbe Rope, and, it ftrike into him another Harping-Iron, or lance him with Lances in haves, till they have kilI'd him. This I write by relation, for I have not feen any kill'd my elf.

I hear not, that they have found Sperma Ceti in any of theft Whales but I have heard from credible perfons, that there is a kind of fuch as have the Sperma at Elutheria, and others of the Bahama Iflands (where alfo they find often quantities of ..Armer-greece) and that thofe have great Teeth (which ours have not and are very finewy. One this place (?fohn Perinchief) found

the Socket

Whale may be,

any

one

of'upon -an

there dead, driven

)

Ifland , and, though I think,

ignorant in the bufinefs, yet got a great quantity of sperma

Ceti

out of it. It feems, they have not much. Oyl, as ours, but this Qyl, I hear, is at irfl sperms Ceti ; they clarifie it, I by the fire. When I tfpeak with him (whom I could meet with at preCent, and now the Ship is ready to fet fail) I thall endeavour to be further informed ; but at prelent with

like

think,

but

not the

tender of my humbly fervice

to the

Royal society,

and cem-

mending your Noble Defign to the blefing of the Almighty, :I take my leave,

&c.

Nnn z

neA

A fMethod

fivditg and

I

aay

rear the Number of the Julian Period for the Number of the Cycle of the Sun, Cycle of the Moon, of the Indi~tions fir the fame yearbeing given; together With the D;emonafration of that Mthod.

or

the

Tranfaffionfr,julian

N thefe the Year. of the

N째 z째.p.8:

324.4is

a Theorem

for finding:

NoMe

Period by a new and very eafie 36. thod, which was taken out of the Journaldes Scavans, as it had been propoftd and communicatedby the Learned Jefuit De Bill.

Cycle

Ctsolar

Mutiply the

(84

yby4Then &zIndicFion.

divide the

69z6.

him of the Produas by 7980 (the Julian Period) the Remainder Qiotenr, thallbe of the Divifior;,withou having regard Year inquircd after.

Some Learned Mathematicians of Paris, to whom the [aid r. de Bill did propofe this Problem, have found the Demonfration thereof as the fame Journal intimates.

There'being no further Elucidation of the [aid Theorem fince publi(b'd, Mr. john Collins, now a Member of the Royal Society, communicated what follows, viz.

to the

the

That. the juli2n Period is a Bafis, whereon to found Ckrn# logy not liable to Con troverfie, as the Age of the world is : 'cis

the Nuzmber 2z87

int of

the

<t9g

Concerning

bovefaid, to wit, 790o, Solar cce

$

And which is the. Pro-

uu

this ?fdian Period, the late Archbifhcp of Arw

b,

tfher, in the Preface to his Learned Annals, advertifeth, that Robert Lotharing, Bifhop of Hereford, flrft obferved the Conve-. niencies thereof; gQ0 years after whom,. it was fitted for Chro-, ufes by 1%feph Scaliger, and is now embraced by the Learned as fuch a limit to chronaology, that within the [pace of

nological

798o Years,

the

Number -of the Sunar's cycle,

the

Prime, and

the

year of the Raman IndiWi n,(which relates to their ancient Laws

gand

never happen alike.

Records) can

infallibly

fo~und.

This period is ufed by

And

thee Reimarques

4s*I'eriedis by the former fiule

being given, the year of the

the faid Arcbbifhop in his .4,rnol, and is

709 Epoch's, tAfr' s , and among them years,

by him accounted to exceed the Age of the World ThQUC that deire further fatisfadhon about

and Periods) may repair to many Authors, to Gregory's PFihumna in Englilih, Helvici Chronologia,

Straudii Brevsariwm Chronolog /cui, who is one of tors.

Now

as to the Problemn it felf,

4fgidii

u

teltf

it mray be thus propofed:

with their Remaindersr after Dividend.

This thus generally propofed is no new Problem, and was rehelp of particular Mulfolved long-fince, by ?fhu Gey/iuiw, by tipliers, fuch as thofe above-mentioned, and publifh'd by ci4ftYein his and by Vran dIra in his Encylop~dia in Ann. c num. r of Divifor;, together Divifion, being propfed, to find the

.the

Schootens

c1630.

Mifceldn ies,

We (ball clear up, 'whatAuthors hive omitted concerning the And Definition and Demonjiration of fuch fixed Multipliers,

J

is

therefore fay, that eachb Multiplier which it belongs; an 4 thus define it;~

It ir

fuch a

Nuam1br,

apt divided

Produtc~t, the Remainder Remnainider is ax

Unit.

as o ;

&'c.

relative to the Divifor, to

by the re/I of the Divifors, or their divided by its own Divj'~r, the

but

We require the Divifors propofied to 'be Primitive each'

two more them can be reduoed

of' or ther, i. e, that no terms by any common Divifor: pofible in it feWf, but not refodvable

to-

to

ohifer

For if fo, the Qeftion may be

by help of fuch Multipliers, The reafbn-is, biecaufe the and Even Number is always Eiven, and that Prodnat of an divided by an iEven Numnber, .leaves either Nothing,. or am Even Number." fuch being imnpoffihie to be found.

Odd

28 Divifbrs ig i5) The Definition

Nutambers.

4845

The Multipliers relative thereto are .00~O 691E6

affords light enough for the difeovery of the('e

To inihance in~ thefrfi:

The Product of

g

and t 5

(570)

is 38 5 which multiply by all n~umbers fucceflivelyand divide by s,til you find the Remainder required. Thus twice X85 is 570, which divided by z8,the remainder is zoaIfothricez85 is85 which divided by the remainder is Thus if you try on fucceflively, you'l find, that times z8S, which is is the Number required, the which divided by 28, the Remainder is an unit. then we thal find, that 4845 19,15,17.

4200 is equal to the Solid or Produd of. 8, 15, 10.

28,

151 4845,

17

Hence

6916z$

z,

3

More eafie ways of performing this pof/llatam, are to be found Schootenhs Afifcellanies, and Tac9cuet's Arithmetick, which in perchance are not fo obvious to every underitanding.

For illuifrationof the Rule propofed, take this Example.

van

In the

Cycles Solis, 2) Lune i6

year

Cyclr

668

indiclio

6

The

4845

Multi- 420 pliers.

Pr"

6212

6916d41496

TheSumoftheProdus22 9 821

for 7o9there

The which divided by 7980, the remainder is 6381, the year of the 21 uian Period; from which fubtrading remains 5672, for the-Age of the World, according to Archbifhop uJher.

For D E M 0 N S T R A T I 0 N of this Ride we thus argue:

multiplied

is

wia

Each cl~vttpvier by its Remainder, meafaired or divided 'b its Divifor, leaving fech a Remainder proz.

om'n

pofed.

For before, each M~ultiplier was defined to be a &wlultinrex-of its own Divi p/sw an Vnit: Wherefore multiplying it by any Riemaiiid:r , it only render it a greater Multiplex the [aid Divifor, plat) an multiplied by the Remainder, which is no other than the Remainder it feif; but if o remain,

17r, doth

Unit,

that Produd is defiroyed.

2. The Sa of the Produas, divided the Remaainder aJ ined.

have

For

concerning

the firt

in

blyeach

refp ethve Divifr,

Prudud, it isby the firif Sccion mea-

(571')

fur'd by its own Divifbr, leaving the remainder propored; and if we add the refi of the Produs thereto, we only add a plex of its own Divifor, which in Divifion enargeth the Qeote,

Multi-

but not the Remainder.

Particularly the fecond Multiplier is z8+

15

+ io+Remainder, of 28.

And fo the third ProduC1 is 28+ 19 +13 +Remainder.

And what hath been (aid concerning the fum of the Produ6ts being divided by the fir( Divifbr, and leaving the Remainder thereto affign'd, may be laid of each refpeCtively.

all which is but a Multiplex

3 The finm of the Prodatls divided by the fr/id of the three Divifors, leaves a Remainderfo quablifed the faid Sum. For concerning the faid Sum, 'tis evident by the fecond hereof, that it is no other than the firi( Produ~tincreas'd by adding a jut Multiplex of the firft Divifor, that thereby we did only enlarge the Qmote, not alterthe Remainder. By the like reafon, the fub. traF~ing a just thereof, doth only the Qmote, the Remainder but the Solid of all three Divifbrsmultiplied here by the 1 as there by the Remainder, is no other than a jufL of the firft Divifor. Wherefore the Renainderafter

Au

Mliplex

alter

not

Q.ote

iMultiplex

this Divifion is perform'd, is of the fame Quality as the fum of the Produds, and divided by the firft Divifor, leaves the Remainder proper thereto. the like laid concerning, each Divifor.

And

A

may be

in the Method hitherto deliver'd,we requir'd the Divilbrs S be Primitive to each other; fo, if wve take the Problem as

Preface to Helvicus his Chronologix, we are told, common Arithmerick fails in the fblution theof', and Tacquet denies itto- be performable by, the Regula Fa/Ji, andgenerally propofed, in the

being unlimited, we mrull do it by Tryals.

with

when any two nDivi fteicefdb fors

if

Wherefore,

propofed,

their Remaind~rs t eaneaddvd are

ea

try ths~lilcso

you findfuch Remainders are not/for the purpofe,. by the other: and that they are repeated, the Problem imp gijile..

example.

Divifbrs

is

Remainders

The

(5'72.)

The Mukiplices of 8,' increaed by 5, are13" Thofe divided by 6,

21.

I,

19.s

3.

7@ 45.53.

"5.r

3.

the Remainders are Here, you fee 21 and for the purpofe, and take the Progrefd hon, adding the common Difference 24 (which is the leantDividend meafured by 6 and 8) and you have zi.

69.

45

45.

117.

93.

14.

Admit, the Queftion had concerned the(e three Divifors: 6 Then dividing the former Pro= 8 the Remainders being Sgreflion by 9, the Remainders 9

are

6

3.0.6. 3,o

6.

Wherefore I conclude,that the third and fixth of thefe Numbers are thofe fought, to wit, 69 or

whereas,

141,

and fo on progreffively5

if you had propounded the Remainder of 9 to have been any other Number than 3,0, 6, the as concerning all theft, had not been poflible.

Problem,

Some eafie Cafes of the ?roblem are theft

he

When the Remainder of fame Divifor is o, and of

each of the

r of the Divifors, an Unit, or lefs by an unt, than the Divifor.

In which Cafes you are to find fuch a Muleplex of the Produ& thofe Divifors that have Reor leafy Dividend meafurable mainders, which increas'd or dirninifh'd by an Vnit, may be a jufL of that Divifor that hath no Remainder. Thefe

Multiplex handled by

Cafes are

&

by

T'acquet,

and Bachet in his Problemes plaifans

deletfatbles.

PqO13LEM 'mo find

the

rear of the ?frdarn Period fir tany year of our Lord

propo(d.

neceffary

to be furnifhed with the $u*'s cye, the Prime It is WAumber, -and the Number of the Roeman: Indiation:, which the indufftrious Mr. Street thus performs: Whenz

(573) eii

I,

9. 3. to the rear bath added been,

Divide ly

19. 28, fifteen.

The Remainders are the Numbers fought: And hereby we

found them for the year 1668. in the former Example The ufe of the Prime is, to find the Epac, and thereby the &c.

M1ozon; Age, time of High A farther uFe of the suns cycle is, to attain the Letter, and thereby to know the Day of the Week, on which any happens. But this is more eafily and Day of the

Water,

Dominic4

Month

lefs caution obtain'd, by finding on what Day of firfi of March happens for ever, according to fuch fes as I have elewhere publifhied. In brief

thus:

To the Number.2.

Add the Year of our Lord, fuppofe And its even 4 th part, negle ing

Rules

1669.

4

what remains, if any.

The Sum

with the the Week and rer-

4

Divideby 7 noting

.2088.

the Remainder, which fhews the Number of the Day of the Week, accounting Sunday firf. If a remain, thefrrftof marcf falls on a Saturday. In this Example there remains 2, fbewing thefrft of March to fall on Monday, If it were required to perform this for years preceding our saviour's N'ativity, then take this

To

Rule:

7

the. Year add its even fourth part, the Sum divide by the Remainder fhews the Day of the Week, accounting Sunday flrft, Saturday fecond, and fo backward.

PP~bLEM. 7To

find what day

of the

Month in

happens to be on the fame day of the week

rerfrs,

the firJ7

au

the

week of each Mont!),

tifi of

March.

Words

in which the twelve Uf'e the (plain) following relate tQ the twelve Months of the Year, accounting March the firsi:

Divi~ie 4jciprnFaith Gdertconfimedgows. ei wroppi

;AkZd'fCnar

CIIIJoo The

(The

(74)

Alphabetical Number of the firt Letter of the word, proper to the Month propofed, is the Anfwer.

Example.

If the Month were April, the word proper thereto is Endlefs, and E is the fifth Letter in the Alphabet. Wherefore conclude, That the firif of March and fifth of Aprildoforeverhappenon will be on the fame day of the Week; which for the year

1669.

Monday.

To find on

what day of the Week the flrft day of each Month hap-

pnthb

Suppofing the flrfL of March known, it might be reckoned from the former Problem, but the following rerfe, beginning, with March, as the former, is more ready for thepurpofs: .A dreadful Fire, Beholders daily Gaze, chaflized England. Ah cruelftal Blaze,.

Explication.

In the Year 1669, the fly! of March is Monday; I would know on what day of the week the rft of O~fober happens. proper to the Month is Eglandt; then count Alphabetically to E, 'viz. 4. Monday, B.Tuefday> C. Wednefday, D.Thurday, R. Fri. day, which is the day fought. Whence conclude, that 1st, 8th, 5th, zth, 2 9th days of Ot'ober are all Fridays. Thence it

Theword

the

1

4 eafie

to reckon,

on

what day of the Week

MWath bappened ; and fo for all other Months. .

any, day of that

To find on what Pay of the Momth the sun enters into any sign of

the

Zodiack.

For this, ex fuprer atunzdanti, we give the following, Vrfe:..

Charles troughtCuetditrsff/se'f, E~vi, Pear, Do/our,Danjger, bido adie..

Here again the. twelve Wrds rxelate t twe.Montlts,

March being the first.

.

:To

575)

word

begins To the number of the Letter of the Alphabet the with, add 7.

Example. Fear is the word for OtfoIer, and fcbe fbtth Letter wit, Scorpio, on Wherefore the Sun enters into the 8th Sign, the 3 th of Ocbber.

An Account of fome Books.

LI. IRIMUlS PRODROMI LA MBEC1I 'PETRI I.

to

1

HIsrORT UR

T

T

&C.---

LIITERA RL

Book

is now the fftoriographer and LiHe Author of this brary-keeper to the Emperour. He pfblifh'd this Volume fTrne few years ago at Hamburgh, the place of his Birch, (whence was exciain xeriplar was but lately tent to the ted

Puifher.) He

;o

this Work by the complaint made by the illufirious Lord

V'rulan,'( Lib. Z. cap. 4. de Augm. Scientiarum) of the want of a compleat Hj/Iory of Learning., that might give a fatisfatior, Ac-

count of the Rife, Progrets, Tranfmigrations, Interruptions, Declinationsand Reftaurations of all kind of LearningSciences, Arts, and Inventions; together with the occafion of Inventions through al/Arts; the method of teaching, and the manner of proving and advancing them: Adding the various setsand the

im-

moft famous Controverfies among the Learned; the Encouragethey conpofed; their ments they received ; the chief 8chools ,'

4cadernies,

Writings Y'cieties, colfedges,

Succel4ions, Order, and

whatever belongs to theftate of Learning. undertakes This grand Defideratumn our Author

to~ fupply the

fbur

World with, and in order thereunto, hath given us the frJLf

fiati Book of the Prodromuss of this Hiflory, and with it the together with an appendix, contaimore chief Perfons and rhings he ning a Summrary of fully and accurately to treat of in the remaining To which, he fhbjoins fame fecond defigned for firfi whereof he exhibits fat Chronographyj, 't'ables of

chapters of the second Book,

the

the Vuiver

thie ['ucceffion

Book:

intends 32 Chapters, two

in the of all.co6mno Ages from :fie Creation of the World to

the beginning of the

hrjlian

Account 3 in, the other, a

Continuation of dhem from the beginning of the faid Accouint this prefent Age: In.which 74/bes he dives a gneral Idea of the Connexion of~all Ages, as they are cornp edi refpe t of tfie

unto

(7 6),

Vulgar Chr~r/iinaccount, either by aifcending to the Creation of

World, or by defeending to our Age : He alfo fqr the fake. of the, Explication and Caffigation of the Bi~ljotheca Chroazologicaclaf bicorum JO0HA N NIS J AC OB I F RI SII the

thiis Work acquaints the Reader, "thlat he betook himfelf to v#ithorum

Tigarini; fubitituting,

w -affirms, he

a true Calculation in the

enuiyierated, the falle one; reducing the Authors, there whatwereis fuppofiri. unhappily omitted. Which done, he faith, he proceeded from this Ac. place of

to the true time of their Age, difhnguifhing tios fomgenuine,and adding many things that

count of the Succeffion of the illuftrious Wrirers,to the Hiflory

of the orgin, 1*creafi, Nature, and ConJlitutiont of all Profeffions, Sciences, and Arts, chuf ng the Eight Books of -P 0 L TrD OiR B V IRGI L de, rerum n ie7toribi; and D1OG E NE S LA-

& Books of

Viti?, asalto, the Eight DO0R PIUfdS De E R TIUS, D

N11ie

Dogmatib 4r veterid Grxecie Philofophorirn ; 0 H ANN Es calI4IDD ENCelelribofh Orbis A C

AD E-

nivcri

excufetli himfi f for hawing mrade no further progrefs in

this defirable

Work,/ alledging

the difficulty and. trouble of

the Undertaking, the unavoidable interruptions he hath met

with, and the narrownef's of a private Man's fortune to carry on

Co chargeable an Attempt, requiring a and "affiftaiice.

I I.

TfIOMAzÂŁ CORNELL! P H TS ICA.

Royal encouragement

ConfentiiPROGT"MNA4SMAPAR

This Author, a Friend to the d'artcfian Philofophy,ntertains the Curious in this Book wthfi ven Exercitations, Ariz; I. De Ratioue I'hilofopvandi: Where in the genuine Students of Natural Philofophy hie flrJ? requires the fludy of Mathematicks, to accufiom their to a fixed Attention, and to lhri6Reaion ing

j

Minds

them to fludy Nature it Cf,."and to latrue Hifthcry of Nture: recommending Itaftdy and'

and next diret~ts

bouir afrer particularly

the -ufe of cbpny~ry, as. an excellent 'key to open her

Prizivirples,.:,": as hicarly al..

Treafbtres, and the fludy of Mchkawical ... lied to thok oft'itire. _,.

(577)

fL

2. De Rerulfl Nat~rdliim Zrnitiu: Where he mentions the veral flypothefes and Principles of Philofophers, and approves of

looked

fo like truth, as the Carte/lram, efleeming, that none ever thofe; though he thinks them defedive inthis, that how well fQever they (hew the produetion of things out of matter van.+ufly modified, yet they feem not to have fufficiently accounted for the eflicient power thereof.

3. De Univerfitate : Where he-fi~ems to be in a Maze, and thinks, That the struWlure of the ilniverfe hath not been ttood hitherto, nor will eafily be hereafter.

De Sole: Which Luminary he is inclin'd to believe to be a kind of flaming Fire, appearing in a rec fcope, like a Caidron full of boyling Meta: ;where alfo he dilcourfes of the nature of Light, Heat, and Flame, and affirms Light (as other fenjite Q4lities) to be not in the ObjPVt but the Sentient; as Pain is not in the Sword, but in the Animal wounded by the Sword.

De Geteratio;:e JHmsni : Where, diflinguifbing between Genitura and Semen, and making theformer to be that 'ubflance, which either Sex furnifhes to the Ftt, and the latter, the Concrete of both Parents, He is of opinion, that that which he calls Genitura, confifts of two things. Yid, a Crajfe liquor, manifeft to fenle, and of a very fubtil and refined fubifance, containing in the formes as its reall the virtue of Generation, and ceptacle: Which having ettablifl'd, he affirms,that groffer part

under-

4.

5.

Iodged

of the Ceniture not to be

Blood

elaborated, but

ted from the Blood, and being glained through

a Juice,

the corpus

kcrc-

rz,-U

Arteries are interwoven with Veins, that very hardly any naked eye can dif'cern a Vein from an Artery) it paf'eth into peculiar it Veffels, and is of a colour like that of the White of an Egg. As to the Formationof the Fa'tass, he efleems That, before the appearance of any Blood, or the framiztgf any Member, there are formad all the Lineaments of the cofum$ or plexus pampifrmim (wherein the ferninal by innumerable Analomofes t'o combined and

Animal to coni, though indi[cernibly ; which he endeavours to wake out very particularly, interweaving fome Animnadverfions on1 uthors of differing f1ntiments, and mentioning feveral not unphilofophical Hints.

De Natrkitione : Here the 4 thor obferves rome tIhings

A

6.'

in

( 5 7S) the strau7 are of the Stomach, which he thinks high1y confderab'e for the underaanding of the anion and ufe of this Vifcwsand hitherto not taken notice of by others that he knows. Then he reacheth, that the Food is not digeled in the Stomach by Heat, nor by acid diffolving fuices only, but many Caufes concurring to that digeftion, the Aliment is there fermented both by the warmth of the Stomach it feif, and of the neighbouring parts,but efpecially by the acrimoniousfieams that pafs througit the Gairick and Splenick Arteries into the Stomach, which vancci alto its GoncoCtion by its corpreffing and relaxing motions, and is afiifted by an apt Liquor, bedewing,diffolvingand diluting the Meat, and fo converting it into a PulfeorCream. like fubflance. Next, he teacheth, that the Chyle paffeth not

that

ad-

Afef/iw)

to the Liver, through the milky Veins ({o called by nor all of it through the Channel of Fecqua to the Heart, but a great part of it through the common Veins of the Stomach and the Meentery, to the iver. Nor will he admit, that the sawgujxfication is performed in anyone part of the Animal, as the pe-

cutiar Shop or Elaboratory of it, whether Liver, Heart, Spleen, Nor that the parts are increafed and nourished by the red part of the Blood; but that, as to the former aiion, it is done by the means of a Liquor, and by hot keams, giving the red cqlour to the Chyle, as Chymjs ufe to change whire Juices into red, or the like Liquors; that redof by the affufion of

&c.

oil.

6-ulpiar,

nefs being much advanced by the motion

and agitation of the

in the Veins and Arteries. But as to the latter, vid. the Nutrition, it is performed by that whiitifli Juice, which is mixed blood

with the Blood, and feparated from itbythe firaining Glandules

of the Body.

To rhefe particulars he adds f'everal not~ unconfider'able re-

&c.

Gall,

spleen, Lymphatick reffels, ~ving alib, that the whole kind of Birds is deihtutcof marks touching the

ObferMilkyVecl

fels ; and occafionally taking notice, that worms are bred in alsve he ale moft all the parts of Animal Bodiesof

odd Obfervations and Hiffories.

7.

De

Vita : This he

which

affirms to confift

~e~svr in the cosntinued

mo-

flon of the Blood, depending from that of the Heart;yet, fo,

that this latter proceeds not from the beat of the Biod (as Des

Cartes would have

,the Heart.

(579) it) but the moift teams and expirations of

As for Refpiratio, he thinks it a vain opinionthat thereby the heat of the Blood is temper'd and allay'd ; but affirms, that it is therefore neceffary, becaufe that the Blood) which out of the right Ventricle of the Heart is propelled into the Lungs, in fuch Animals, as are furnilh'd with them~cannot pafs into the/eft,un]eC the Air, breathed in, do fwell and diftend the fmall branches of the Windpipe; it being from thence, that the ramifications of the A1rteri Yein, through which the blood muff pats, are comprefs'd, and the blood therein inclofed is protruded into the branches of the venal Artery: For the proof of which, he atledges divers ObfZrvations. Adding withall, that fence Animals) whilt they are in the Womb, retpire there being peculiar duac~us, by which the blood paffeth into the Aorta, without pal fng through the Lungs,as it always doth in Animals delitute of Lungs; he doubts notbur that with art and care thofe Channels may be preferved unaboliiht, and made to grow and to be perfeated with the other parts of the Animal, fb that grown men may be brought to live the life of Amphilious Creatures. Nor doth he think this very difficult, in regard, that if their mouths and notes were from their very infancy often ifopt every day,and their breath To long intercepted,,whitft the blood paftth through thofe Dutus's into the left Ventricfe of the Heart and the great

not,

Artery, the faid paflIges would never be dried

up:

To confirm

the pofibility whereof,. he alledges examples of divers, ,who

from their Childhood being given to fwimming and diving, and Co to the holding of their breath,. did thereby fo preferve thou.

Channels from being dried up, that upon occafion they could flay a great wilundiner

LsESTRS

THthe

SATYS

water, as A4mpibiihsufe to do.

PRTYS1Q.~E

S

da$ieur DE LA

isLearned Man having proppted

divides

UI~t

to himnfeif by the towaygo ofthrough

whore BcdV of N1atural PhilofoAiy,

that Srftem into rree Parts; whereof

The Frrlf being General, is to treat. of what is

Effays,

to all commonRnrdic_.

(5go) Bodies, both Ssperiour and fix Books, whereof the firft

and is divided again into

mnferio'er ;

confiders the Univerfr ingeneral; the

fecond is to difcourfe ofj'/ace, Vdacuum, and Time, things as general as world; third, of the material Principlesof the fourth, of their efflcient Caufe; the fifth, of their natural Qjylities the fxth, of Motions, Generation, and Cur-

all Bodies; the andthe rupt ion of Bodies inanimate and animate.

Bodies. The part is to examine the (hail treat of the Terrejirial, viz, the Elements, Meteors, Mine-

third

Celefial

The fecond

rals, Plants, Brutes, Men.

Book of thefirf

Of this Work is now printed the fir'ft Part, Differtations. conliifling of The frrfi is about the preliminary Queftions of Phyfiology. fecond inquireth whether the Uniz'erft is compounded of maof the World, its Magny Worlds. The third is of the

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