Fluid Power Journal February 2019

February 2019

In this issue:

Systems Integrator Directory WHY SURFACE FINISH MATTERS IN SEAL PERFORMANCE

TIPS TO SIZE

AIR MOTORS

Innovative Designs & Publishing • 3245 Freemansburg Avenue • Palmer, PA 18045-7118

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

PHOTO + VIDEO CONTEST Details on p.9

Nonprofit Organization US Postage PAID Bolingbrook, IL Permit #323

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The challenging businesses of running oilfields and mines place some pretty hardcore demands on cylinders.

From oil rigs to hydraulic hammers - and everything in between - you need reliability and durability to keep operations running smoothly. The versatile Yates Welded Heavy (WH) series features cylinders used specifically in these demanding industries.

Our welded cylinders live up to the standards of quality that customers have come to expect from Yates Industries for over 45 years. Plus, Yates works closely with many companies to help solve their cylinder failures, first determining the cause and in many cases recommending upgrades for a rebuilt cylinder. The process not only eliminates the original problem, it also offers an extended life for the cylinder at a fraction of the cost of a new one.

With three regional locations offering full service capabilities and around-the-clock service, Yates is one of the largest and most complete cylinder manufacturing and repair companies in the country.

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7750 The Bluffs Austell, GA 30168 Phone: 678.355.2240 Fax: 678.355.2241 salesga@yatesind.com

www.yatesind.com CIRCLE 224

IN THIS ISSUE

FEBRUARY 2019

VOLUME 26 • ISSUE 2

Features

9

39

6

Select Components for Pneumatic Systems: Sizing an Air Motor Although electric motors are very common in many applications, and hydraulic motors are well known for their high power density, air motors fill a unique niche in power and motion control applications.

9 Take Your Best Shots 2019 Photo & Video Contest 10 Systems Integrator Directory Company Listing 30 Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration Highlight the Fall CCEFP Summit

27 Publisher’s Note: The information provided in this publication is for informational purposes only. While all efforts have been taken to ensure the technical accuracy of the material enclosed, Fluid Power Journal is not responsible for the availability, accuracy, currency, or reliability of any information, statement, opinion, or advice contained in a third party’s material. Fluid Power Journal will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by reliance on information obtained in this publication.

32 Beyond Ra: Why Surface Finish Matters in Seal Performance There is a direct relationship between the quality of a seal’s mating surface finish and a seal’s performance— the better the finish, the longer the seal will last.

Departments 4 8 23 24 35 39 39

Notable Words Web Marketplace Air Teaser IFPS Update NFPA Update Industry News Classifieds

» WEH® QUICK CONNECTORS

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N OTA B L E WO R D S

Transforming Fluid Power Systems through Collaboration

By Zongxuan Sun, Director of Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota

»

FLUID POWER IS one of the three ways for power transfer: electrical, mechanical or fluid power. The key advantages of using fluid (pneumatic or hydraulic) to transmit power include superior power density and flexibility. These advantages are well demonstrated in mobile applications such as construction machines and agriculture equipment, where large force, linear motion, and fast dynamics are required. However, fluid power systems also face several fundamental challenges, for example throttling loss and component efficiency, etc. Throttling loss refers to the fact that energy loss occurs when pressurized fluid flows through an orifice with significant pressure drop.

Today, the most common way for regulating pressure flow relationship in a hydraulic system is using a valve that is essentially a controlled orifice. The efficiencies of hydraulic pumps and motors are very high at high load and displacement, but drop quickly at low load and displacement. Fluid power researchers and engineers have been working on innovative solutions for those challenges. To name a few: independent valve metering, digital pump/motor, free piston engine pump, etc.

Yet today, the fluid power system is facing a new round of challenges as mobile applications are undergoing two significant transformations: electrification and automation. Those transformations started in the passenger vehicle segment, migrating to the commercial on-road and off-road vehicles.

For on-road vehicles, the motivations are better energy efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced safety. For off-road vehicles, improved productivity is added to the potential benefits. The exact outcome of electrification and automation can be hardly predicated today, but what we 4

FEBRUARY 2019

know for sure is that they will bring significant changes to both on-road and off-road vehicle markets, and therefore the fluid power industry.

So how do we address the challenges of fluid power systems in the context of electrification and automation? I think a key solution is to focus on the system approach. Rather than only treating fluid power as a power transfer mechanism, we should consider it as an integral part of the whole powertrain system: the energy source, energy conversion, power transfer, and motion control.

Furthermore, we should consider fluid power and the powertrain system in the context of vehicle operation and its interactions with the environment and other vehicles.

After all, the driving factors for electrification and automation are to optimize how energy is converted and used in a vehicle and the best way for vehicle operation. The system approach will allow researchers and engineers better understand the relationship of fluid power with other sub-systems for mobile applications and find new opportunities for fluid power systems enabled by electrification and automation.

Given the complexity and the intrinsic multi-disciplinary nature of the transformations driven by electrification and automation, it is important for government, industry, and academia to collaborate for developing innovative solutions. The Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP) headquartered at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Minnesota brings together more than 20 fluid power industry members and multiple universities and collaborates with national labs. The breadth and depth of expertise at the CCEFP will be a key resource for leading the new transformation of fluid power systems. 

PUBLISHER Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc. 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118 Tel: 800-730-5904 or 610-923-0380 Fax: 610-923-0390 • Email: Art@FluidPowerJournal.com www.FluidPowerJournal.com

Founders: Paul and Lisa Prass

Associate Publisher: Bob McKinney Editor: Candace Nicholson

Technical Editor: Dan Helgerson, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPSD, CFPMT, CFPCC - CFPSOS LLC

Art Director: Quynh Vo Eastern Region Acct Executive: Norma Abrunzo Western Region Acct Executive: Cindy Hamm Director of Creative Services: Erica Montes Accounting: Donna Bachman, Sarah Varano

Circulation Manager: Andrea Karges INTERNATIONAL FLUID POWER SOCIETY 1930 East Marlton Pike, Suite A-2, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003-2141 Tel: 856-489-8983 • Fax: 856-424-9248 Email: AskUs@ifps.org • Web: www.ifps.org 2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President & Chairperson: Timothy M. White, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS, CFPECS, CFPMIH, CFPMMH, CFPMIP, CFPMT, CFPMM - The Boeing Company

Immediate Past President: Dean Houdeshell, PE, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Cemen Tech Inc.

First Vice President: Jeff Kenney, CFPIHM, CFPMHM, CFPMHT - Hydradyne, LLC

Treasurer: Jeff Hodges, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMHM - Altec Industries, Inc. Vice President Certification: Denis Poirier, Jr., CFPAI/AJPP, CFPHS, CFPIHM, CFPCC Eaton Corporation

Vice President Marketing

& Public Relations: Scott Nagro, CFPS HydraForce, Inc.

Vice President Education: Kenneth Dulinski, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPECS, CFPHS, CFPMIH, CFPMMH - Macomb Community College

Vice President Membership: Rocky Phoenix, CFPMHT, CFPMHM - Open Loop Energy, Inc. DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Chauntelle Baughman, CFPHS - OneHydrauics, Inc. John A. Bibaeff, Jr., CFPHS, CFPCC - Lamb Services, Inc. Randy Bobbitt, CFPHS - Danfoss Power Solutions Elisabeth DeBenedetto, CFPS - Argo-Hytos Brandon Gustafson, PE, CFPE, CFPS, CFPIHT, CFPMHM - Graco, Inc. Lynn Nordquist, CFPS - Skarda Equipment Company James O’Halek, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPMM, CFPCC - The Boeing Company Robert Post, CFPHS - AFS Technology Edwin Rybarczyk, CFPAI/AJPP, CFPS - E. R. Consultants, Inc. Scott Sardina, PE, CFPAI, CFPHS - Waterclock Engineering Mohaned Shahin, CFPS - Parker Hannifin Randy Smith, CFPS - Northrop Grumman Corp.

HONORARY DIRECTORS Paul Prass - Innovative Designs & Publishing Elizabeth Rehfus, CFPE, CFPS, Robert Sheaf, CFPAI/AJPP - CFC Industrial Training IFPS STAFF

Executive Director: Donna Pollander, ACA Communications Manager: Adele Kayser

Technical Director: Thomas Blansett, CFPS, CFPAI Certification Logistics Manager: Susan Apostle

Certification Coordinator: Kyle Pollander

Bookkeeper: Diane McMahon

Administrative Assistant: Beth Borodziuk

Fluid Power Journal (ISSN# 1073-7898) is the official publication of the International Fluid Power Society published bi-monthly with four supplemental issues, including a Systems Integrator Directory, Off-Highway Suppliers Directory, Tech Directory, and Manufacturers Directory, by Innovative Designs & Publishing, Inc., 3245 Freemansburg Avenue, Palmer, PA 18045-7118.

All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part of any material in this publication is acceptable with credit. Publishers assume no liability for any information published. We reserve the right to accept or reject all advertising material and will not guarantee the return or safety of unsolicited art, photographs or manuscripts.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Is your supplier measuring up?

SIKA manufacturers high-quality temperature, pressure, flow and level instruments. Integrated Control Systems depend on SIKA Instruments to maximize efficiency and improve system performance.

As an industry leader founded in 1901 — we strive to deliver innovative products and reliable solutions for monitoring and measuring temperature, pressure, flow and level in process control systems.

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AIR MOTOR

SEL E C T COMP ONEN T S FOR PNEUM AT IC S YS T EMS

25-

25-

20-

80

ig

ps

60

15-

sig

p

40

10-

psig

20

Torque (lb.-in.)

30-

ps ig

30-

0

A

lthough electric motors are very commonly found in many varied applications, and hydraulic motors are well known for their high power density, air motors fill a unique niche in power and motion control applications. Air motors are relatively small and lightweight sources of smooth, vibration-less power. Air motors can be stopped and started almost instantly. They can provide variable torque and speed without complicated controls. They can operate in hot, corrosive, and wet environments without damage, and are unaffected by continuous stalling or overload. Therefore, there’s no heat buildup or electric sparks to damage the motor.

Compared with hydraulic motors, air motors have a lower torque and power-to-weight ratio (power density). However, compressed air offers special advantages that make air motors quite desirable: it’s readily available, it’s relatively clean, and it can be directed to air motors with simple low-pressure piping. There are hundreds of uses for air motors.

10

SELECT COMPONENTS FOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

Free Air Consumption-(scfm)

Sizing an

100

20-

80

ps

ig

1560

psi

g

1040 ps ig

psig

5-

psig

5-

20 psig 00

0500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

0

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Speed - rpm (output)

Speed - rpm (input)

Figure 1: Air Motor Graphs Fig. Air Motor Graphs

New! Review 1: A 1/4 hp air motor is selected to operate at 1,200 rpm. Using various calculations and graphs in Fig. 3-19, what minimum air pressure listed would be required? a. 30 psig. b. 40 psig. c. 50 psig. d. 60 psig. e. 70 psig.

Review 2: If an air motor operates under load at 2,000 rpm and develops 17 lb.-in. of torque, approximately how much air in scfm will it consume? Use Fig. 3-19 to derive an answer. a. 10 scfm. b. 15 scfm. c. 20 scfm. d. 25 scfm. e. 30 scfm.

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The most common types of air motors are axial piston, radial piston, rotary vane, and gear/ gerotor. As may be expected, each type has its distinct advantages and disadvantages. The application requirements determine which type of motor should be selected, but they all share the same common sizing and selection criteria.

A unique characteristic of air motors is that their power output increases with increasing speed until it peaks at around 50% of free speed (maximum speed under no-load conditions).

At the peak point, torque capability begins to decrease as the speed increases. Power decreases to zero when torque is zero because all the inlet air power is used to force the volume of air required to maintain this speed through the motor.

Torque output for an air motor of given displacement is theoretically a function of the differential pressure across the motor. Therefore, regardless of speed, torque should be constant for a given operating pressure. However, as air flow increases through the motor to increase the speed, pressure losses in the inlet and outlet lines consume a greater portion of the supply, and therefore the torque output decreases.

In practice, torque reaches its greatest value shortly beyond zero speed and falls off rapidly until it reaches zero at free speed.

A motor should be selected based on the peak power point, when possible, to ensure that the motor is operating at its greatest efficiency. Air motors are usually sized by their horsepower at rated input air supply, usually in the range between 80 and 90 psig. Then this air consumption is used to size the valving and the compressor. The horsepower and speed of a given motor can be changed by throttling the inlet, so the common practice is to size the motor to provide the torque needed at 2/3 of line pressure. This point is approximately the peak power point of the motor performance curve. Full line pressure can then be used for start-up and overloads.

Each manufacturer supplies curves with the power output range given for several pressures.

If for example, a 1 hp motor were required with a speed of 1,500 rpm, the motor would be selected that provided this power at 2/3 of the line pressure available. Figure 1 shows two common graphs used to rate air motors. The left graph shows air consumption of a given displacement motor at different supply pressures and the graph on the right shows torque capability versus speed for that motor again at the supply pressures shown. Note that the pressures referenced are what the pressure should be at the motor inlet and not compressor output pressure.  WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

TEST YOUR SKILLS A 1/4 hp air motor is selected to operate at 1,200 rpm. Using various calculations and the graphs in Fig. 3-19, what minimum air pressure listed would be required? a. 30 psig. b. 40 psig. c. 50 psig. d. 60 psig. e. 70 psig.

1

If an air motor operates under load at 2,000 rpm and develops 17 lb.-in. of torque, approximately how much air in scfm will it consume? Use Figure 1 to derive an answer. a. 10 scfm. b. 15 scfm. c. 20 scfm. d. 25 scfm. e. 30 scfm.

2

See the answers on page 39

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Visit our website for more information (www.hydraulex.com), give us a call at 1-800-422-4279, or email us at sales@hydraulex.com.

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www.lexairinc.com From our humble beginnings in 1977 as a high technology supplier of high pressure compressors for submarine life support systems and special pneumatic controls (for the U.S. and Canadian Navies) to our present status as a World Class Manufacturer of Fluid Power Products, Valves and Machine Tool Accessories, Lexair, Inc. delivers the best products possible for today’s global market needs.

Hydraulex provides the largest offering in the industry of Remanufactured, Aftermarket, and OEM hydraulic components and parts such as pumps, motors, valves, cylinders and PTOs. We also offer complete hydraulic repair services for almost every make and brand of hydraulic component. Whatever your needs, we’re sure to be able to help.

www.mainmfg.com MAIN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS • CIRCLE 254

MAIN’s website provides quick access to the most popular styles of HYDRAULIC FLANGES AND COMPONENTS. “About Us” gives background of this US manufacturer.

“Create-A-Flange” offers more parts than the catalog — by picture. If it’s not here, or for questions, E-mails may be sent to get your answer quickly.

MAIN Mfg. Products, Inc. 1-800-521-7918 info@mainmfg.com

As a family-run company with a long history, SIKA Dr. Siebert & Kühn GmbH & Co. KG stands for reliable and precise measurement, control and calibration technology for flow, level, temperature, pressure and force. We focus on providing individual consultation and customized solutions. With more than a century of experience, our technical expertise is the cornerstone of our company’s success.

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WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Take Your Best

SHOTS

he IFPS and the Fluid Power Journal are excited to announce the addition of a video contest to its annual photo contest. Both contests will run January 1 through March 31, 2019. The winners will be announced on June 19th – Fluid Power Professionals’ Day! DID SOMEONE SAY PRIZE MONEY? Absolutely! 1st place - $250, 2nd place - $100, 3rd place - $50, People’s Choice - $100

PHOTO CATEGORIES: 1. New Perspective: Photos that show fluid power used in novel ways and from views not everyone gets to see.

2. Teamwork: Photos of people working together using fluid power to get the job done.

3. Fun with Fluid Power: Photos that capture the joy of using, learning, or teaching about hydraulics and pneumatics.

4. The Muscle of Fluid Power: Photos that capture the might of fluid power in action.

VIDEO CATEGORIES: Contest submissions must be 90 seconds or less in length.

1. What Is Fluid Power? Explain fluid power to someone outside the industry.

2. Benefits of Certification: How has certification helped in your career?

3. Safety: Everyday safety solutions.

www.fluidpowerjournal.com

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com to enter the contests.

2019 PHOTO & VIDEO CONTEST

T

www.nfpa.com

www.ifps.org

www.cfpa.ca

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SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR 2019 DIRECTORY Check out the online matrix at www.fluidpowerjournal.com

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®

SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR 2019 DIRECTORY

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SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR 2019 DIRECTORY

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SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR 2019 DIRECTORY

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RHAM-MKT RYCO Fluid Power Journal Advert 2017-02-14 v1-0 PQwCrops.pdf

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Cylinder has a 10" bore and an 8' stroke Working pressure is 100 PSI

AIR TEASER

Air Tank OIL

QUALITY HYDRAULIC HOSE & ACCESSORIES NEW

New Problem:

Car Hoist

By Ernie Parker, CFPAI, CFPSD, CFPS, CFPMM, CFPMT, CFPMIP, CFPMMH, CFPMIH

»

HOW MANY SCF will it take to fully extend the cylinder if the air/oil tank is full of oil when starting?

How many SCF will it take to fully extend the cylinder if the air/oil tank is only 1/2 full of oil when starting? The supply tank has 1-1/2 times the volume of the cylinder. Cylinder has a 10" bore and an 8' stroke. Working pressure is 100 PSI.

Kuriyama Hydraulic Connections Catalog • Includes new Alfabiotech extra flexible and bio oil resistant hydraulic hoses. • New Flexor TR4XF extra flexible SAE 100 R4 oil return hose.

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olution to the Previous Problem: Cascading Cylinders

When working with a pneumatic cylinder and no feedback of any kind, it is hard to get any precise position except completely retracted or completely extended. Our first position is with all cylinders retracted. The next is extending cylinder 1 only, then 2 only. See the following truth table: 000000 = all cylinders retracted.

010000 Cylinder number one is the right digit and cylinder six 010001 is the left digit.

010010 000001 = cylinder 1 only is extended 010011 1 = extended, 0 = retracted 010100 000010 = cylinder 2 only is extended 010101 000011 = cylinder 1 & 2 are extended 010110 000100 = cylinder 3 is extended only 010111 000101 = cylinder 3 & 1 are extended 011000 000110 = cylinder 3 & 2 are extended 011001 000111 = cylinder 3, 2. & 1 are extended 011010 001000 = 4th cylinder 011011 001001 011100 001010 011101 001011 011110 001100 011111 001101 Position 32 and continue with = 100000 001110 another 31 positions for a total of 001111 63 + all retracted Math solution 2 yx 6 = 64 position counting all retracted. Two positions for each cylinder is the base number, six is the exponent. Because we started with 1-inch stroke and double that stroke each time, the total stroke is 63 inches. Remember position one is zero inches. The same math applies if you are using 6 on/off switches. Use the same binary math for the number of combinations that you will have to test to make sure there aren’t any problems with your circuit.

Note: A fan with four dip switches only has 16 combinations (2 yx 4) and by using binary math, the maximum number of tries to match the transmitter with the receiver is 16. Easier than taking a fan down to check on the code.

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com to view previous problems.

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www.kuriyama.com CIRCLE 235

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I F P S U P D AT E

»

Nominations Accepted January 1 - April 15, 2019 for the Inaugural Class of 2019

THE SUCCESS OF the fluid power industry, both in hydraulics and in pneumatics, is not in its hardware, pumps, valves, cylinders, and hoses, but rather the success is through the efforts of our dedicated individuals: innovators, researchers, application engineers, educators, as well as sales and service personnel. These people are the reasons that our industry continues to thrive.

A special award has been established to acknowledge those individuals who have dedicated their careers, and have made significant contributions to fluid power technolTo nominate someone ogy. The International Fluid Power Society, 2019 (other than yourself,) visit Hall of Fame host, is accepting nominations for ifps.org/hall-of-fame the 2019 Inaugural Class of the Fluid Power Hall of Fame. Nominees and award recipients will be announced on June 19, 2019 – Fluid Power Professionals’ Day. Any person can nominate an individual, living or deceased, who demonstrated excellence within their 25+ year fluid power career. Nominations accepted January 1 – April 15, 2019.

ELIGIBILITY FOR THE AWARD • Verifiable

25 cumulative years in the fluid power industry.

• Those

nominated will be asked to complete a 13 question application.

SELECTION OF AWARD RECIPIENTS •A panel of judges will review and select the 2019 Inaugural Class of the Fluid Power Hall of Fame.

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I F P S U P D AT E

Certification Testing Locations ndividuals wishing to take any IFPS written certification tests can select from convenient locations across the United States and Canada.

The IFPS is able to offer these locations through its affiliation with The Consortium of College Testing Centers (CCTC) provided by National College Testing Association (NCTA).

I

TESTING DATES FOR ALL LOCATIONS: March 2019 Tuesday 3/5 • Thursday 3/21 April 2019 Tuesday 4/2 • Thursday 4/25 May 2019 Tuesday 5/7 • Thursday 5/23 June 2019 Tuesday 6/4 • Thursday 6/20 July 2019 Tuesday 7/2 • Thursday 7/25

ALASKA Anchorage, AK Fairbanks, AK ALABAMA Auburn, AL Birmingham, AL Huntsville, AL Jacksonville, AL Mobile, AL Montgomery, AL Normal, AL Tuscaloosa, AL ARIZONA Flagstaff, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Prescott, AZ Safford, AZ Scottsdale, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Tempe, AZ Thatcher, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ ARKANSAS Bentonville, AR Hot Springs, AR Little Rock, AR CALIFORNIA Aptos, CA Arcata, CA Bakersfield, CA Encinitas, CA Fresno, CA Irvine, CA Marysville, CA Riverside, CA Salinas, CA San Diego, CA San Jose, CA San Luis Obispo, CA Santa Ana, CA Santa Maria, CA Santa Rosa, CA Yucaipa, CA COLORAD0 Aurora, CO Boulder, CO Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO Durango, CO Ft. Collins, CO Greeley, CO Lakewood, CO Littleton, CO Pueblo, CO DELAWARE Dover, DE Georgetown, DE FLORIDA Avon Park, FL Boca Raton, FL Cocoa, FL Davie, FL Daytona Beach, FL Fort Pierce, FL Ft. Myers, FL Gainesville, FL Miami Gardens, FL

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FEBRUARY 2019

New Port Richey, FL Orlando, FL Panama City, FL Pembroke Pines, FL Pensacola, FL Plant City, FL Sanford, FL Tampa, FL Winter Haven, FL GEORGIA Albany, GA Athens, GA Atlanta, GA Carrollton, GA Dahlonega, GA Dublin, GA Dunwoody, GA Lawrenceville, GA Morrow, GA Oakwood, GA Statesboro, GA Tifton, GA Valdosta, GA HAWAII Laie, HI IDAHO Boise, ID Coeur d ‘Alene, ID Idaho Falls, ID Lewiston, ID Moscow, ID Nampa, ID Rexburg, ID Twin Falls, ID ILLINOIS Carbondale, IL Carterville, IL Champaign, IL Decatur, IL DeKalb, IL Edwardsville, IL Elk Grove, IL Glen Ellyn, IL Joliet, IL Malta, IL Peoria, IL Springfield, IL INDIANA Bloomington, IN Evansville, IN Fort Wayne, IN Gary, IN Indianapolis, IN Kokomo, IN Lafayette, IN Lawrenceburg, IN Madison, IN Muncie, IN New Albany, IN Sellersburg, IN South Bend, IN Terre Haute, IN IOWA Ames, IA Cedar Rapids, IA Iowa City, IA Ottumwa, IA Sioux City, IA Waterloo, IA

KANSAS Lawrence, KS Manhattan, KS Wichita, KS KENTUCKY Bowling Green, KY Covington, KY Highland Heights, KY Louisville, KY Morehead, KY LOUISIANA Bossier City, LA Monroe, LA Natchitoches, LA New Orleans, LA Thibodaux, LA MARYLAND Arnold, MD Bel Air, MD Frederick, MD Hagerstown, MD La Plata, MD Westminster, MD Wye Mills, MD MASSACHUSETTS Boston, MA Bridgewater, MA Danvers, MA Haverhill, MA Holyoke, MA MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI Big Rapids, MI Dearborn, MI Dowagiac, MI East Lansing, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Livonia, MI Mount Pleasant, MI Sault Ste. Marie, MI Troy, MI University Center, MI Warren, MI MINNESOTA Brooklyn Park, MN Eden Prairie, MN Granite Falls, MN Mankato, MN Morris, MN MISSISSIPPI Goodman, MS Mississippi State, MS Raymond, MS University, MS MISSOURI Cape Girardeau, MO Cottleville, MO Joplin, MO Kirksville, MO Park Hills, MO Poplar Bluff, MO Rolla, MO Sedalia, MO St. Joseph, MO St. Louis, MO Warrensburg, MO

MONTANA Bozeman, MT Missoula, MT NEBRASKA Bellevue, NE Lincoln, NE North Platte, NE Omaha, NE NEVADA Henderson, NV North Las Vegas, NV Winnemucca, NV NEW JERSEY Branchburg, NJ Lincroft, NJ Sewell, NJ Toms River, NJ West Windsor, NJ NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NM Clovis, NM Farmington, NM Portales, NM Santa Fe, NM NEW YORK Brooklyn, NY Buffalo, NY Garden City, NY Middletown, NY New York, NY Syracuse, NY NORTH CAROLINA Apex, NC Asheville, NC Boone, NC Charlotte, NC Durham, NC Fayetteville, NC Greenville, NC Jamestown, NC Misenheimer, NC Pembroke, NC Raleigh, NC Wilmington, NC NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck, ND Fargo, ND OHIO Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH Columbus, OH Fairfield, OH Findlay, OH Kirtland, OH Lima, OH Maumee, OH Newark, OH Rio Grande, OH Toledo, OH Youngstown, OH OKLAHOMA Altus, OK Bethany, OK Edmond, OK Norman, OK Oklahoma City, OK Stillwater, OK Tonkawa, OK Tulsa, OK

OREGON Bend, OR Coos Bay, OR Eugene, OR Gresham, OR Medford, OR Oregon City, OR Portland, OR White City, OR PENNSYLVANIA Bethlehem, PA Bloomsburg, PA Blue Bell, PA Gettysburg, PA Harrisburg, PA Lancaster, PA Newtown, PA Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA York, PA SOUTH CAROLINA Beaufort, SC Charleston, SC Columbia, SC Conway, SC Greenwood, SC Orangeburg, SC Rock Hill, SC Spartanburg, SC TENNESSE Blountville, TN Clarksville, TN Collegedale, TN Gallatin, TN Johnson City, TN Memphis, TN Morristown, TN Murfreesboro, TN Nashville, TN TEXAS Abilene, TX Arlington, TX Austin, TX Beaumont, TX Brownsville, TX Commerce, TX Corpus Christi, TX Dallas, TX Denison, TX El Paso, TX Houston, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX Lufkin, TX Mesquite, TX Weatherford, TX Wichita Falls, TX UTAH Cedar City, UT Kaysville, UT Logan, UT Ogden, UT Orem, UT Salt Lake City, UT VIRGINIA Daleville, VA Lynchburg, VA Norfolk, VA Roanoke, VA Virginia Beach, VA

WASHINGTON Bellingham, WA Bremerton, WA Ellensburg, WA Olympia, WA Seattle, WA Shoreline, WA Spokane, WA WISCONSIN Fond du Lac, WI La Crosse, WI Milwaukee, WI WYOMING Casper, WY Laramie, WY Torrington, WY ASIA Kingdom of Bahrain AUSTRALIA Rockingham, WA CANADA Calgary, AB Edmonton, AB Fort McMurray, AB Lethbridge, AB Lloydminster, AB Olds, AB Red Deer, AB Abbotsford, BC Burnaby, BC Castlegar, BC Delta, BC Kamloops, BC Nanaimo, BC Prince George, BC Richmond, BC Surrey, BC Vancouver, BC Victoria, BC Brandon, MB Winnipeg, MB Bathurst, NB Moncton, NB St. John’s, NL Halifax, NS Brockville, ON Hamilton, ON Mississauga, ON Niagara-on-theLake, ON North Bay, ON North York, ON Ottawa, ON Toronto, ON Welland, ON Windsor, ON Côte Saint-Luc, QB Montrea, QB Montreal, QB Melfort, SK Moose Jaw, SK Nipawin, SK Prince Albert, SK Saskatoon, SK Whitehorse, YT ENGLAND London, ENG NEW ZEALAND Taradale, NZ UNITED KINGDOM Elgin, UK

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I F P S U P D AT E

Register for IFPS 2019 Spring Meeting

»

JOIN US ON March 11-14, 2019, as the IFPS holds its 2019 Spring Meeting at The Embassy Suites, Savannah, Georgia. This is a great way to network with professionals in the industry. Optional activities are planned throughout the week, in addition to committee and board meetings. A technical workshop and job performance test will be held on Monday, March 11, 2019. Participation in this workshop contributes towards recertification and Accredited Instructor reaccreditation requirements.

HOTEL RESERVATIONS can be made online at www.ifps.org or by calling The Embassy Suites at 912-721-6900 (be sure to mention group name International Fluid Power Society to secure the group discount.)

TECHNICAL WORKSHOP - “TO CV OR NOT TO CV” Monday, March 11, 2019 • 8:00 am - 4:00 pm Co-presented by Thomas Blansett, CFPAI, IFPS Technical Director, and Jon Jensen, CFPAI, SMC Corporation of America Registration: $150.00 (lunch included) The focus of this workshop will be sizing pneumatic valves using ISO 6538:1989 - rating valve performance. Exploration of sizing with ANSI standards using Cv versus sizing using sonic conductance and b-values following ISO standards (widely adopted throughout the world, except the US,) since it is a more accurate predictor of valve performance, and looking at high-speed operations and the effects of moisture in the lines. Risk management for high-speed pneumatic systems along with ISO 6538:1989 Machinery Safety, with discussion of the Machinery Directive as per ISO-12100, and Safety Related Parts of Control Systems as per ISO-13849 will be addressed.

Register by visiting www.ifps.org or by calling the IFPS at 856-424-8998.

JOB PERFORMANCE TEST Monday, March 11, 2019 • 9:00 am - 12:00 pm IFPS will conduct Job Performance Tests for IFPS Mechanics, Technicians, and Connector and Conductor Certifications. Separate registration is required and must be submitted at least 30 days in advance.

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

MEETING SCHEDULE OF EVENTS (subject to change) Monday, March 11, 2019 9:00 am-12:00 pm JP Testing 8:00 am-4:00 pm Technical Workshop Tuesday, March 12, 2019 8:00 am-9:00 am Strategic Planning Committee 9:00 am-11:00 am Education Committee Meeting 11:00 am-12:00 pm Membership Committee Meeting 12:00 pm-12:30 pm Hosted Lunch 12:30 pm-1:30 pm Membership Committee Meeting (cont) 2:00 pm-3:30 pm Trolley Tour - optional 6:00 pm-7:30 pm Welcome Reception 7:30 pm-10:00 pm Group Evening Out - optional Wednesday, March 13, 2019 8:00 am-12:00 pm Certification Committee Meeting 12:00 pm-12:45 pm Hosted Lunch 1:00 pm-4:00 pm GulfStream Tour - optional 6:00 pm-9:00 pm Dinner - Cruise Thursday, March 14, 2019 8:00 am-10:30 am Marketing Committee Meeting 10:30 am-12:00 pm Finance Committee Meeting 12:00 pm-12:45 pm Hosted Lunch 12:45 pm-2:30 pm Board of Directors Meeting 2:30 pm-3:30 pm Strategic Planning Committee Follow-up

FEBRUARY 2019

27

I F P S U P D AT E

November 2018

Newly Certified Professionals CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR (CC) Jonathon Crews - Open Loop Energy, Inc. Mark Fiore - Dynamic Power Systems Bryan York - Open Loop Energy, Inc. ELECTRONIC CONTROLS SPECIALIST (ECS) Sean Barrett - Dynamic Fluid Products Inc. Robert Bies II - JEM Technical Jake Doyle - NMC, Nebraska Machinery Co. Daniel Higgins - Altec Industries, Inc. Ashwin Shridhar - Applied Industrial Technologies HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST (HS) Jeff Asselin - Altec Industries, Inc. Adam Chapman - Womack Machine Supply Co. Nicholas Grandfield - Danfoss Power Solutions (US) Co. Luciano Guimarães - TCT Treinamento em Hidraulica Evan Hundl - Womack Machine Supply Co. William Ignacio - Bosch Rexroth Ltda.

Mobile - Portable

INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (IHM) James Duncan Mark Fiore - Dynamic Power Systems MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (MHM) Glenn Bennett - Duke Energy Corp.

Brad Brewton - Duke Energy Corp.

Jeffrey Bunch - Virginia Department of Transportation Kyle Campbell - Virginia Department of Transportation Paul Connolly - Duke Energy Corp.

Art Cowden - Entergy

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FEBRUARY 2019

Billy Evans - Altec Industries, Inc. Troy Fette - Duke Energy Corp.

Casey Gibby - Entergy Corporation Sean Green - Duke Energy Corp.

Fred Grindle - Georgia Power Company Kirk Hagenow - Altec Industries, Inc. Tony Harris - Entergy Corporation James Head - Georgia Power Company Roger Hensley - Altec Industries, Inc. Jamie Holloman - Duke Energy Corp.

Joshua Hopkins - Mississippi Power Company Bradley Klepsig - Georgia Power Company Brandon Lambert - Altec Industries, Inc. Warren Lamkin - Entergy Anthony Meacham - Altec Industries, Inc. Frederick Moore - Mississippi Power Company Drew Pearson - Altec Industries, Inc. Michael Spillman - Altec Industries, Inc. Troy Sutton - Duke Energy Corp.

William Taylor - Georgia Power Company Melvin Towe - Georgia Power Company Kevin Treadway - Altec Industries, Inc. Samuel Via - Altec Industries, Inc. Michael Welch - Mississippi Power Company MASTER INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS (MIH) Holds IHT, IHM, CC Certifications Mark Fiore - Dynamic Power Systems MASTER MECHANIC (MM) Holds IHM, MHM, PM Certifications James Duncan PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST (PS) Joshua Cook Jon Murray - Cross Company PNEUMATIC TECHNICIAL (PT) Andrea Ballesio - The Boeing Company Gabriel Bauer - The Boeing Company Dave Berard - The Boeing Company Nicholas Cherpeski - The Boeing Company John Davis - The Boeing Company Robert Lehnerz - The Boeing Company James O’Halek - The Boeing Company Jeffrey Sanders - The Boeing Company Jeffrey Virgin - The Boeing Company Brian Wheeler - The Boeing Company

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I F P S U P D AT E

AVAILABLE IFPS CERTIFICATIONS CFPAI Certified Fluid Power Accredited Instructor

December 2018

Newly Certified Professionals

CFPAJPP Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor CFPAJPPCC Certified Fluid Power Authorized Job Performance Proctor Connector & Conductor CFPE Certified Fluid Power Engineer CFPS Certified Fluid Power Specialist (Must Obtain CFPHS, CFPPS) CFPHS Certified Fluid Power Hydraulic Specialist CFPPS Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Specialist CFPECS Certified Fluid Power Electronic Controls Specialist CFPMT Certified Fluid Power Master Technician (Must Obtain CFPIHT, CFPMHT, & CFPPT) CFPIHT Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Technician CFPMHT Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Technician CFPPT Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Technician CFPMM Certified Fluid Power Master Mechanic (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPMHM, & CFPPM) CFPIHM Certified Fluid Power Industrial Hydraulic Mechanic CFPMHM Certified Fluid Power Mobile Hydraulic Mechanic CFPPM Certified Fluid Power Pneumatic Mechanic CFPMIH Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPIHM, CFPIHT, & CFPCC) CFPMMH Certified Fluid Power Master of Mobile Hydraulics (Must Obtain CFPMHM, CFPMHT, & CFPCC) CFPMIP Certified Fluid Power Master of Industrial Pneumatics (Must Obtain CFPPM, CFPPT, & CFPCC) CFPCC Certified Fluid Power Connector & Conductor CFPSD Fluid Power System Designer CFPMEC (In Development) Mobile Electronic Controls CFPIEC (In Development) Industrial Electronic Controls

WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

CONNECTOR & CONDUCTOR (CC) Jairo Berrios - Lewis Tree Service, Inc. Jeffery Degenfelder - OXBO International Corp.

Steven Downey - Attica Hydraulic Exchange Corp.

Chris Simerman - Trelleborg Sealing Soltions ENGINEER (E) Joseph Barron - Knorr Brake Company ELECTRONIC CONTROLS SPECIALIST (ECS) Daryl Rober - John Deere Dubuque Works HYDRAULIC SPECIALIST (HS) Marcus Herrera - Danfoss Hossam Abd Latif Zachery Masters - Iowa Fluid Power, ElectroHydraulic Automation David Neat - Altec Industries, Inc. Daniel Oftelie - Danfoss Matteo Paniconi Rachel Schmidt - Elwood Corporation John Shull - Progressive Power & Control Harvinderjit Singh - Hydraulic Controls, Inc. INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN (IHT) Matthew Kennedy - Hyflodraulic Ltd. Danielle Moulton - Hyflodraulic Ltd. MOBILE HYDRAULIC MECHANIC (MHM) Joel Barrett - Virginia Department of Transportation Roy Beach - The Boeing Company Christopher Blair - Virginia Department of Transportation

Byron Blankenship - Virginia Department of Transportation Keith Brown - The Boeing Company Tommy Chafin - Virginia Department of Transportation Kenneth Cryer - The Boeing Company James Johnson - The Boeing Company Chris Kenney - The Boeing Company Christopher Musick - Virginia Department of Transportation Jonathan Norman - Virginia Department of Transportation Todd Ploski - The Boeing Company Charles Rowe - Virginia Department of Transportation David Shewmaker - Custom Truck James Sturgill - J.H. Fletcher Company Pongamorn Vonghong - Southern California, Edison Brian Wentz - Virginia Department of Transportation Preston Williams - Gulf Power Company John Young - Teco MOBILE HYDRAULIC TECHNICIAN (MHT) David Sewell - The Boeing Company Nathan Williams - Altec Industries, Inc. MASTER MECHANIC (MM) Holds IHM, MHM, PM Certifications Keith Brown - The Boeing Company James Johnson - The Boeing Company PNEUMATIC SPECIALIST (PS) Tim Dimmick - National Oilwell Varco Chad Estes - Parker Hannifin Corporation Austin Key - Depatie Fluid Power Co. Rowan Leehue - Terex Corporation Michael Maggiore - Gulf Controls Harish Murthy Rob Wesley - Gestamp Mason Greg Wissman - Triad Technologies SPECIALIST (S) Holds HS, PS Certifications Tim Dimmick - National Oilwell Varco Rowan Leehue - Terex Corporation Michael Maggiore - Gulf Controls Harish Murthy Rob Wesley - Gestamp Mason Greg Wissman - Triad Technologies

FEBRUARY 2019

29

Knowledge Sharing and Collaboration Highlight the Fall CCEFP Summit A

Last October, the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP) held its biannual summit at the University of Minnesota. This network of fluid power research laboratories, academic faculty, and graduate and undergraduate students came together for a few days of presentations and showcases spotlighting the solutions to challenges and concerns that fluid power professionals face on a regular basis.

Modeling and Optimization of Trajectory-based HCCI Combustion by Professor Sun

30

FEBRUARY 2019

mong the guests attending the Minneapolis event were professors Tom Chase, Tequila Harris, Perry Li, Ashlie Martini, Paul Michael, Eric Severson, Kim Stelson, James Van de Ven, and new CCEFP Director Zongxuan Sun. (To hear more about Professor Sun in his new role and his views on collaboration, see “Notable Words” on page 4.) Throughout the Summit, the attendees shared their presentations covering three areas: Energy Conversion and Storage; Fluid Power Components and Surface Modification; and Department of Energy-sponsored Projects.

Kicking off the industry presentations for a day of shared learning and prospective collaborating was “Modeling and Optimization of Trajectory-based HCCI Combustion” presented by Professor Sun. Developed through the University of Minnesota’s Department of Mechanical Engineering, Professor Sun’s research examined the energy consumption by the modern transportation sector and its impact on the environment and human health, then explored the existing control methods in combustion-controlled engines comparing the emission performance and fuel efficiency.

With a deep dive into the mechanics of trajectory-based combustion control, Sun and his research team found that optimizing the combustion phasing

control led to better piston trajectory. The research team also found that it is possible to reduce the NOx emissions and increase efficiency at the same time using a new control-oriented model and the phase separation method. To learn more about Professor Sun’s trajectory-based combustion control research, as well as the controlled trajectory rapid compression and expansion machine (CT-RCEM), visit www. ccefp.org/engagement/summits.

The remaining presentations of the Energy Conversion and Storage category included Professor Kim Stelson’s “Understanding the Transient Nature of Wind Turbine Response to Create Advanced Controls to Improve the Efficiency of a Hydraulic Drivetrain Wind Turbine;” Professors James Van de Ven and Eric Severson’s “Seamless Electric to Hydraulic Conversion;” and Professor Perry Li’s “Liquid Piston Gas Compressor/Expander for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and CO2 Sequestration.” Each presentation is available at CCEFP.org and can be accessed by consortium members.

After a short break, the Summit turned its attention to the Fluid Power Components and Surface Modification category. In this focus area, the presentations included Professor Tom Chase’s “High Efficiency Hydraulic Pump-Motors Employing Partial Stroke Piston Pressurization;” Professor Tequila Harris’s “Science of Pattern Coating onto Heterogeneous Surfaces Using a Hybrid Tool;” and “Polymer-Enhanced Fluid Effects on Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Pumps”

by Researcher Paul Michael and Professor Ashlie Martini. To learn more about Michael and Martini’s research examining the hydraulic efficiency, solution rheology, and molecular properties of polymers, see “Research to Watch” in the upcoming March issue of Fluid Power Journal.

Following a break for lunch, the Summit continued with contributions focused on projects sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. In this category, the attendees viewed presentations from Professor William Northrop on “Thermochemical Recuperation for Dual Fuel Off-Highway Engines” and Professor Andrea Vacca on “Individual Electro-Hydraulic Drives for Off-Road Vehicles.”

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Concluding the segment on DOE-sponsored projects was Professor James Van de Ven’s “Efficient, Compact, and Smooth Variable Propulsion Motor.”

Van de Ven’s second presentation of the day walked attendees through his 36-month project tasked with developing a variable displacement linkage motor (VDLM) for propulsion of off-highway vehicles.

With an objective of attaining an efficiency of >90% above 15% displacement, a torque ripple <5% of the mean torque, and a 30% reduction in fuel consumption, this project took the collaboration of multiple researchers and engineers from the University of Minnesota, the Milwaukee School of Engineering, Eaton Corporation, and Bobcat Docsan.

Contrasting two methods to generate cam, Van de Ven explained the research team’s decision to first create a piston trajectory before analyzing the motion of linkage. In doing so, the team was able to calculate cam that moved linkage in only the way the team desired. With cam analysis complete, the researchers moved forward with generating piston trajectory and the testing of the VDLM kinetics, and in the process, the project team was able to develop a more efficient, compact, and smooth variable propulsion motor. To learn more about Professor Van de Ven’s value propositions, valve timing, and energy efficiency analysis, visit www.ccefp.org/engagement/summits. 

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The fall CCEFP Summit provided an opportunity for industry professionals and academic partners to share their hard work, analyses, and conclusions with peers and colleagues in a non-competitive environment. A hallmark of the network, the idea sharing and collaboration opportunities at the Summit are another incentive for members of the fluid power industry to attend and participate. If you were unable to attend the Summit last fall, the spring Summit is scheduled for June 4-6, 2019 at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and will include a tour of the largest academic hydraulics lab in the U.S. For more information and to register, visit www.ccefp.org/engagement/summits.

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WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

FEBRUARY 2019

31

Beyond R a L

ongevity of seals is not just about the seal itself, but also about specifying the optimal mating surface finish. There is a direct relationship between the quality of a seal’s mating surface finish and a seal’s performance—the better the finish, the longer the seal will last. In fact, an optimal surface finish can deliver a competitive advantage in seal longevity and performance.

In contrast, aggressive seal wear from a poor finish on the mating surface can lead to seal failure. For instance, in a fluid power application, seal finish can influence how successfully the fluid is contained within a system, ultimately affecting both seal and system life. This is just one example of why it is so important to focus on both the seal and the mating surface specification. But what key parameters, testing, preparations, and methods of finishing should be identified and why?

The good news is there’s a wealth of information available on optimizing surface finishes, including methods for roughness testing and recommendations based on those tests.

Understanding the Ra: Rz, Rt, Rsk Simply understanding a mating surface’s Ra, or roughness average value, is not enough to properly specify the surface finish because it is entirely possible to have very different surface textures with similar Ra values, and those variances can greatly affect seal performance.

For example, valleys are needed on a surface to build up sufficient fluid film to reduce friction and wear, but a high concentration of peaks, also known as open profiles, can cause excessive wear.

Therefore, the ideal surface contains low valleys without high

Why Surface Finish Matters in Seal Performance

By Michael Cook, Fluid Power Technical Specialist, and Kelly Volpenhein, Product Engineer, Trelleborg Sealing Solutions

peaks (see Figures 1 and 2). Note that both of these surfaces have an Ra value of 2.5.

Surface Finish So in addition to Ra, the parameters to consider when evaluating surface topography are as follows: 1. Ra: roughness average 2. Rp: maximum profile peak height 3. Rz: mean roughness depth 4. Tp or Rmr: profile bearing ratio 5. Rsk: degree of skew 6. Rt: total height of roughness profile Rz refers to the average of the tallest peak to the depth of the lowest

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

valley from each subsection of a surface measurement. In measuring roughness, Rz offers an advantage over parameters such as Rt, which is the height of the single tallest peak to the depth of the deepest valley in a surface trace, because it incorporates more of the surface.

However, Rz is an average of only the most extreme instances of surface roughness. So it has the potential to be overly affected by outliers, which take the form of sharp peaks on the surface. The presence of outliers can unfavorably affect quality-control efforts, as well as practical analyses for the discernment and correlation of surfaces.

In addition, surface roughness may be overly influenced by valley depth, which is considered less detrimental to performance than peak height. Reducing outliers can help in delivering a more robust curve and surface fitting. For example, Figure 3 shows an instance where the Rz value is the same between two surfaces, but the profiles are very different. This demonstrates why the profile’s bearing ratio, Tp or Rmr, is also critical for determining surface quality.

Rsk classifies the magnitude and direction of surface roughness.

Fig. 3: Profile forms of surfaces

32

FEBRUARY 2019

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

LINEAR APPLICATIONS - MATING SURFACE PTFE Slipper Seals

Positive numbers represent surfaces consisting predominately of peak asperities or harsh qualities. Negative numbers represent surfaces that consist primarily of valleys.

Rsk is an excellent parameter for measuring surfaces expected to have peaks or valleys. However, if a surface has been largely planarized and few peaks or valleys remain, Rsk returns to nearly zero. In this situation, Rsk could inaccurately suggest that a surface with higher roughness is superior to a surface with lower roughness. Thus, Rsk on its own is not descriptive enough to differentiate between rough and smooth surfaces.

Testing Methods Surface roughness can be measured using a profilometer. This can either be a contact type, where a stylus measures surface roughness with the results depending on the stylus and scan length, or a non-contact type that uses white-light interferometry to characterize the surface topography in 2D or 3D. Defining the surface topography with a noncontact profilometer is the preferred method of testing; however, contact profilometry is more commonly used in the industry due to its lower cost.

The tables on this page contain recommendations for choosing mating surfaces for a variety of seal types within linear, rotary, and static applications. Notice that dynamic linear and rotary applications require a better surface finish than static applications.

Also, elastomer and polyurethane seals can operate against a rougher finish than polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE) seals. It is critical to take both the dynamic operation of the seal and its material into account when specifying contact surface finish values.

ZurconÂŽ and Elastomer Seals

Groove Surfaces All Materials 2}

ROTARY APPLICATIONS - MATING SURFACE PTFE/Polyurethane Slipper Seals

Groove Surfaces All Materials 2}

Shaft Lay 3}

STATIC APPLICATIONS - MATING SURFACE Elastomer Seals

1) Applies to coatings using High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) or any other thermal spray process that creates a hard and dense surface 2) Groove surface finish recommendations follow AS568/ISO3601-2 standards 3) For rotary motion shaft surface finish must have no machining leads and be free from scratches, nicks or defects 4) Information based on O-Ring applications and should be used as a guidance only which cover the majority of sealing applications.

WWW.IFPS.ORG â&#x20AC;˘ WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

FEBRUARY 2019

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Mating Surface Preparation Slipper seals run well against un-plated surfaces at moderate speeds and pressures. In high-speed and high-pressure reciprocating applications, harder surfaces are recommended.

This is because a seal will polish its mating surface, especially when made of softer metals, during the run-in period.

The run-in period is the initial time frame of high wear and friction, where the seal begins to polish the mating surface by breaking off the

peaks. Once the peaks are broken off and the hardware and seal reach an equilibrium state, the run-in period ends.

For example, after the run-in period, a reciprocating rod of stainless steel with a hardness of 28 to 30 Rockwell C and a 25μin / 0.635μm Ra surface will typically be polished by the seal to 12μin / 0.30μm Ra or better.

Seal friction and wear will decrease accordingly after the run-in period. Therefore, it is important to reduce the run-in period by

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precisely controlling the surface profile, especially on harder mating surfaces.

In applications where the mating surface is plated or coated, the hardware material is still considered critical. If the plating is supported by a soft substrate, it may crack or carve-in under a high pressure load due to insufficient support. The plating could also crack if it does not meet the suggested thickness. Proper hardening of the substrate material, along with proper coating thicknesses, will ensure the dynamic running surface is not damaged.

Methods of Finishing There are a variety of surface finishing methods for use on fluid-power components, including plunge and centerless grinding, turning, lapping, honing, roller burnishing, and polishing. However, most sealing surfaces are ground and polished. Hand polishing usually results in inconsistent finishes across the work piece and should only be used when absolutely necessary.

Generally speaking, super finishing imparts a more consistent polished surface. This process involves applying an abrasive paper or other abrasive media via machine to polish a surface.

The operator can tune the process by adjusting the scale or grit of the abrasive or by changing the feed speed.

Summary

Consideration of the surface finish that mates against a seal is essential to ensuring a leak-free sealing system with a long life in fluid power applications. Step one in selecting the optimal surface finish for a particular sealing system is understanding a surface’s Ra value, but this does not tell the whole story. Rather, a number of finish parameters, including maximum profile peak height, mean roughness depth, profile bearing ratio, the degree of skew, and the total height of the roughness profile should be taken into account.

Finally, it’s important that both mating surface preparation and finishing methods be considered during the selection process. Working with a seal supplier that has expertise in supporting the specification of mating surfaces can ensure that fluid power application and system lives are maximized. 

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FEBRUARY 2019

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

N F PA U P D AT E

Inserta

R

Education Partner Locator

Custom Unified T-Runs

Connects Members and Schools

»

THE EDUCATION PARTNER Locator on NFPA.com lets you search by country, state, education level (two- and four-year degrees), and proximity to your location to produce a list of tech schools and universities that teach fluid power, complete with contact information. It’s a great way to connect with a school near you, learn about recruitment opportunities, and find ways to help get students interested in fluid power.

There are countless ways to get involved with local schools and gain visibility among the future fluid power workforce: • Be a mentor or donate equipment and parts for fluid power labs and class projects. a local university and talk to students about • Visit

careers in fluid power. NFPA has a customizable PowerPoint presentation for you to use. or judge a Fluid Power Action Challenge • Host

event—a competition that challenges middle school students to solve an engineering problem using fluid power.

• Hold

a Student Career Connections event and invite students to your company for a plant tour and introduction to fluid power. This is also a great opportunity to hand out Careers flyers.

• Be a reviewer for Fluid Power Scholarships or Fluid Power Robotics Challenge Scholarships. judge a Fluid Power Vehicle Challenge • Help

competition where college students redesign a bicycle using fluid power as the mode of power transmission. your local school to teach more fluid power • Get

by serving on their advisory or school board.

For further insights into how you can get involved or to learn more about how to connect with a school in your area, contact Carrie Tatman Schwartz at (414) 778-3347 or ctschwartz@nfpa.com.

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INSERTA® PRODUCTS Blue Bell, PA • www.inserta.com © 2019 Inserta® Products, Inc. CIRCLE 243

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Dynamic conferences, meetings and webcasts keep our members up to date on the latest economic conditions, emerging trends and industry insights for today’s ever‐changing economic climate.

N F PA U P D AT E

You have the Ideas, We Provide the Tools From point‐and‐click online tools that automate time‐consuming calculations, trend analysis, and custom forecasting to a user‐friendly web dashboard that allows members custom access to industry information.

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Industry Trends

Find out how to become part of NFPA by calling Leslie Miller at 414‐778‐3369, or email at lmiller@nfpa.com.

Market information questions? Contact Eric Armstrong at earmstrong@nfpa.com or 414‐778‐3372.

Raw Index Data, Index: 2013=100

130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0

Oct‐18

Jun‐18

Aug‐18

Apr‐18

Feb‐18

Oct‐17

Dec‐17

Jun‐17

Aug‐17

Apr‐17

Feb‐17

Oct‐16

Industrial Hydraulic

Dec‐16

Jun‐16

Aug‐16

Apr‐16

Feb‐16

Oct‐15

Mobile Hydraulic

Dec‐15

Jun‐15

Aug‐15

Apr‐15

Feb‐15

Oct‐14

Dec‐14

Jun‐14

Aug‐14

60.0

Apr‐14

70.0 Feb‐14

THE LATEST DATA published by the National Fluid Power Association shows industry shipments of fluid power products for November 2018 increased 6.5% when compared to November 2017 and decreased 11.9% when compared to last month. Mobile hydraulic shipments increased, while industrial hydraulic and pneumatic shipments decreased, in November 2018 when compared to November 2017. Mobile hydraulic, industrial hydraulic, and pneumatic shipments decreased when compared to last month. These charts are drawn from data collected from more than 80 manufacturers of fluid power products by NFPA’s Confidential Shipment Statistics (CSS) program. Much more information is available to NFPA members, which allows them to better understand trends and anticipate change in their market and the customer markets they serve.

Dec‐13

»

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments Raw Index Data, Index: 2013=100

Total Pneumatic

2018 total dollar volume for pneumatic shipments are 98.8% of the average monthly dollar volume in

2013. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

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FEBRUARY 2019

This graph of raw index data is generated by the total dollar volume reported to NFPA by CSS participants and compared to the average monthly This graph of raw index data is generated by the total dollar volume reported to NFPA by CSS dollar volume in 2013. For example, the November 2018 total dollar volume for pneumatic shipments are 98.8% of the average monthly dollar volume in 2013. (Base Year 2013 = 100) participants and compared to the average monthly dollar volume in 2013. For example, the November

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

Pneumatic, Mobile and Industrial Hydraulic Orders Index

100.0

140.0

N F PA U P D AT E

90.0

130.0

80.0

120.0

70.0

110.0

Pneumatic, Mobile and Industrial Hydraulic Orders Index

100.0

Each point on this graph representsIndustrial Hydraulic the most recent 12 months Mobile Hydraulic of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each Each point on this graph represents the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each point can be point can be read as a percentage. For example, 110.3 (the read as a percentage. For example, 110.3 (the October 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates that industrial hydraulic orders October 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates received from November 2017 to October 2018 were 110.3% of the orders received from November 2016 to October 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100) that industrial hydraulic orders received from November 2017 to October 2018 were 110.3% of the orders received from Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments November 2016 to October 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100) Mobile Hydraulic Industrial Hydraulic Total Pneumatic

90.0 80.0 70.0

Total Pneumatic

Each point on this graph represents the most recent 12 months of orders compared to the previous 12 months of orders. Each point can be 110 read as a percentage. For example, 110.3 (the October 2018 level of the industrial hydraulic series) indicates that industrial hydraulic orders received from November 2017 to October 2018 were 110.3% of the orders received from November 2016 to October 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments

100

Total ‐ Hydraulic and Pneumatic Shipments

This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows 110 that in November 2018, hydraulic shipments increased and pneumatic shipments remained 100 unchanged. (Base Year 2013 = 100) 90

80

90

80

70

SHIPMENTS

MONTH 70

TOTAL FLUID POWER

TOTAL HYD.

TOTAL PNEU.

Aug. 2018

10.8

12.9

2.6

Sept. 2018

10.1 Total Fluid Power 12.5

Total Fluid Power

Find out how to become part of NFPA by calling Leslie Miller at 414‐778‐3369, or email at lmiller@nfpa.com. Market information questions? Contact Eric Armstrong at earmstrong@nfpa.com or 414‐778‐3372.

Stops Leaking

FlangeLock™

Total Hydraulic

Oct. 2018 10.3 13.1 1.6 This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows that in November 2018, hydraulic shipments increased and pneumatic shipments remained

unchanged. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Shipments – Cumulative

year‐to‐date % change (2018 vs. 2017)

The table above is expressed in terms of cumulative

percent changes. These changes refer to the

percent difference between the relevant cumulative

total for 2018 and the total for the same months

increased 1.6% compared to the same time period in 2017. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

Total Hydraulic

This graph of 12‐month moving averages shows that in November 2018, hydraulic shipments increased and pneumatic shipments remained unchanged. (Base Year 2013 = 100)

1.7 Total Pneumatic

in 2017. For example, October 2018 pneumatic

shipments figure of 1.6 means that for the calendar

year through October 2018, pneumatic shipments

Total Pneumatic

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FEBRUARY 2019

37

N F PA U P D AT E

NFPA Members Present to HMA Graduates

By Eric Lanke, NFPA President/CEO

»

Jon Schmidt, Chief Engineer Neff Press, Inc. St. Louis MO

Complex motion? Can do.

Why does Neff Press®, an industry leader in high-speed hydraulic production presses, integrate Delta RMC controllers into its precision can-making line?

“Delta provides some highly advanced tools for tuning axes very quickly and accurately. That has been our best experience versus other motion controllers we’ve used.” “…the smoother motion and synchronization between axes enabled by the Delta controller has allowed us to increase our output by 25%.”

Look to Delta RMC motion controllers and graphical RMCTools software to make complex motion design so much easier than any alternative.

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FEBRUARY 2019

SPECIAL THANKS GO OUT to the representatives of FORCE America, Hydraquip, and Womack Machine Supply, the three member companies that joined me on a trip to Fort Hood, Texas to present careers in the fluid power industry to a graduating class of soon-to-be ex-soldiers in the Heroes Makes America (HMA) program.

As I’ve written about before, NFPA is currently one of only three association sponsors of this great program, organized by the Manufacturing Institute. It’s currently working with soldiers on two U.S. Army bases (Fort Hood, Texas, and Fort Riley, Kansas) to provide a nine-week manufacturing skills training course prior to their honorable discharges into civilian life. And through the network of association sponsors, the soldiers are given the opportunity to connect with employers in the communities that they’ve chosen to return to.

Our day at Fort Hood began with a luncheon celebration of the program, where several of the graduating soldiers were introduced, and where all of the association and corporate sponsors were thanked. But the afternoon belonged to fluid power when NFPA and the three members mentioned above went into the classroom and presented on opportunities in the fluid power industry. What we found was a sharp and eager group of young men and women – all of whom raised their hands when I asked them how many had had hydraulic oil on their hands before.

NFPA has a database of resumes from both the Fort Hood and Fort Riley graduating classes, all of whom collectively are looking for manufacturing positions in communities across the following 25 U.S. states: Alabama Massachusetts Arizona Missouri California Montana Colorado North Carolina Florida Ohio Georgia Oklahoma Hawaii Oregon Illinois South Carolina Indiana South Dakota Kansas Texas Kentucky Virginia Louisiana Washington West Virginia

NFPA members with a production facility in one of these states are encouraged to contact me at elanke@nfpa.com or (414) 778-3351 in order to access the appropriate resumes.

WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM • WWW.IFPS.ORG

I N D U S T RY N E W S

2019 Salary Survey

»

THE FLUID POWER JOURNAL, in collaboration with the International Fluid Power Society (IFPS), established an online salary survey for 2019 in order to create a baseline resource for professionals in the fluid power industry. The survey runs from April 1 through June 30. The results will be printed in the September 2019 issue of the Journal.

Visit www.fluidpowerjournal.com to participate!

Danfoss Electrifying Excavators to Support Norway Push for Zero Emission Construction Sites

»

DANFOSS EDITRON, a segment of Danfoss Power Solutions, has delivered electrification technology to support Pon Equipment AS in its development of a fully battery-operated 25-ton electric excavator.

Transforming diesel-powered excavators into fully-electric earth-moving machines is key in meeting the Norwegian government’s new policy on zero emission construction sites.

Diesel use in construction machinery accounts for about 20% of all CO₂ emissions in Oslo. The new policy has been set in order to support Norway’s radical proposal, pledged in 2016, to become climate neutral by 2030.

“Our strong relationship with Pon Equipment, combined with our experience of electrifying heavy-duty machines, helped significantly to make this a successful conversion project. We are pleased to have supplied the technology that has helped Pon Equipment to meet demand from the construction industry for electric zero emission excavators,” said Danfoss Editron OEM Sales Director Tomi Ristimäki.

The electric excavator can operate for up to seven hours on a single battery charge under nominal load. It is also significantly quieter than the former diesel machine, which makes it well suited for use in urban areas with noise restrictions, as well as ideal for smaller off-highway machines without compromising power needs. www.danfoss.com WWW.IFPS.ORG • WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM

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ADVERTISER INDEX Company................................... Page... Circle Ace Controls Inc.............. Inside Front........ 249 Adaconn + Inserta............................... 8........250 Aignep USA.......................................... 5........228 Assured Automation.........................31........240 BellowsTech, an MW Industries company............................................... 7........ 231 BellowsTech, an MW Industries company............................................... 8........ 251 BFO BuyFittingsOnline....................35........245 Delaware Manufacturing Industries Corp.................................... 3........ 226 DELTA Computer Systems Inc........38........ 247 Ellison Sensors Inc............................22........233 EUFMC 2019......................................36........244 Flange Lock........................................37........246 Hydraulex...........................................34........ 242 Hydraulex............................................. 8........ 252 Hydraulics International Inc.............28........239

Company................................... Page... Circle Hydraulics Inc...................................... 6........230 Inserta Products................................35........243 Kuriyama of America........................23........235 Lexair Inc............................ Back Cover........248 Lexair Inc.............................................. 8........253 Main Manufacturing Products Inc..31.........241 Main Manufacturing Products Inc.... 8........254 MOCAP INC........................................25........ 237 OEM Controls Inc..............................22........234 Ryco Hydraulics................................... 9........232 SIKA USA Inc....................................... 5........ 227 SIKA USA Inc....................................... 8........255 Suco Technologies Inc....................... 6........229 Targeted Display Advertising...........25........238 Texcel...................................................24........236 WEH Technologies Inc....................... 3........225 Yates Industries Inc............................. 1........224 Ad • Web Marketplace FEBRUARY 2019

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SUBSCRIBE BY MAIL FILL OUT THIS CARD COMPLETELY, DETACH, AND MAIL OR FAX IT TO START YOUR SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO: PO BOX 2548 • ORLANDO, FL 32802-9830 • FAX: 1-866-207-1450 YOU CAN ALSO SUBSCRIBE ONLINE AT WWW.FLUIDPOWERJOURNAL.COM. 01  YES! Please start/continue my complimentary subscription to the Fluid Power Journal Signature (required)

Title (required)

Date (required)

Telephone

Fax

E-mail

02  NO. Not interested. /

/

Please Type or Print Clearly: First Name

Middle Initial

Last Name

Company

Division

Web Address

Address

Mail Stop

City

State

Zip Code

 Check here if you would like to keep your name, address, phone and fax numbers confidential, and not released to third parties The address above is my:  Home Address  Business Address Which edition would you like to receive?  Print  Digital  Both (View a sample of our PAPERLESS digital edition at www.fluidpowerjournal.com) 1. Do you specify, select or influence the purchase of components & systems, on new or existing machinery?

If yes, which technologies? (check all that apply) 05  Hydraulic 06  Pneumatic 07  Vacuum 08  Electronic Controls

03  Yes

04  No.

09  None of These

2. What is your primary job title? (check only one) 10  Administration: Chairman, President, V.P., Secretary, Treasury, General Manager, Owner, Business Manager, Director, etc.

11  Plant Operations: VP of Manufacturing/ Operation/ Production, Plant Management/ Director/ Manager/ Supervisor/ Superintendent/ Foreman/ Safety Director, etc.

12  Engineering: V.P. Eng., Eng., Design Eng., Director of Eng., Staff Specialist, Chief Eng., Senior Eng., Maintenance/Production Eng., etc.

13  Technical: Chief Tech., Fluid Power Tech., etc.

14  Mechanical: Chief Master Mech., Master Mech., Fluid Power Mech., etc.

15  Purchasing: VP/Director of Purch., Procurement Manager, Buyer, Purch., etc.

16  Other: (please specify)_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Number of employees at this location?

A  1-19 B  20-49 C  50-99

D  100-249

E  250-499

F  500-999

4. What is the primary business activity at this location?

In the Fluid Power Industry, Outside the Fluid Power Industry 56  Manufacturer 57  Distributor 58  Education 59  Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 61  Other: (please specify)__________________________________________ 5. Which of the following best describes your market focus?

A  Aerospace A  Marine & Offshore Equipment B  Agricultural Machinery B  Material Handling Equipment C  Automotive C  Mining Machinery D  Civil Engineering D  Packaging Machinery E  Cranes E  Plastic Machinery F  Drills & Drilling Equip.

F  Presses & Foundry G  Flame Cutting/Welding Equip. G  Railroad Machinery H  Food Machinery H  Road Construct/Maint. Equip.

I  Forestry I  Simulators & Test Equipment J  Furnaces J  Snow Vehicles, Ski Lifts K  Gas & Oilfield Machinery K  Steel Plants & Rolling Mills L  Heavy Construction & Equip. L  Truck & Bus Industry M  Military Vehicles M  Textile Machinery N  Construction & Utility Equip.

N  Woodworking Machines O  Machine Tools O  Other (specify)_____________ P  Government Related P  Fluid Power Industry

G  1000+

60  End User of Fluid Power Products

MY COMPANY SHOULD BE ADVERTISING IN OR SUBMIT AN ARTICLE TO THE FLUID POWER JOURNAL. PLEASE CONTACT THIS PERSON: NAME:_ _____________________________________ TITLE:_______________________________________

SCAN HERE

PHONE:_____________________________________

Please circle numbers for additional information from our advertisers.

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128

READER SERVICE FORM

For complimentary information, mail or fax completed form to: c/o iPacesetters P.O. Box 413050 • Naples, FL 34101-6795 Fax: 888-847-6035 TYPE OR PRINT ONLY: Name Title Company Company Address City

State

Phone

Zip Code Fax

Web Address E-Mail Address

129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157

158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186

187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215

216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244

1. Do you specify, select, or influence the purchase of components & systems on new or existing machinery?

If yes, in which technologies? (check all that apply) 05  Hydraulic 06  Pneumatic 07  Vacuum 2. What is your primary job title? (check all that apply)

10  Administration 13  Technical

11  Plant Operations 14  Mechanical

3. Which of the following best describes your market focus?

A  Aerospace I  Forestry B  Agricultural Machinery J  Furnaces C  Automotive K  Gas & Oilfield Machinery D  Civil Engineering L  Heavy Construction E  Cranes & Equipment F  Drills & Drilling Equipment M  Military Vehicles G  Flame Cutting/Welding N  Construction & Utility Equipment

Equipment O  Machine Tools H  Food Machinery P  Government Related 4. Number of employees at this location?

A  1-19

B  20-49

245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273

274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302

D  100-249

5. What is the primary business activity at this location?

In the Fluid Power Industry: 56  Manufacturer 57  Distributor Outside the Fluid Power Industry: 59  Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) 6. In which region does your company do business? (check all that apply) 61  East 62  Midwest 63  Southeast 64  Southwest

332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360

361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389

03  Yes 04  No 08  Electronic Controls

12  Engineering 15  Purchasing

A  Marine & Offshore Equipment B  Material Handling Equipment C  Mining Machinery D  Packaging Machinery E  Plastic Machinery F  Presses & Foundry G  Railroad Machinery H  Road Construction/ Maintenance Equipment

C  50-99

303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331

E  250-499

390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418

419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447

448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476

477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505

09  None of these

16  Other

I  Simulators & Test Equipment J  Snow Vehicles, Ski Lifts K  Steel Plants & Rolling Mills L  Truck & Bus Industry M  Textile Machinery N  Woodworking Machines O  Other (specify) P  Fluid Power Industry F  500-999

G  1000+

58  Education 60  End User of Fluid Power Products 65  West

66  National

67  International

7. My Company should be advertising in or submit an article to the Fluid Power Journal. Please contact this person: Name: ___________________________________ Title: _________________________________ Phone: _______________________________________ 8. I wish to receive a free subscription to Fluid Power Journal:

01  Yes

02  No

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Signature Date 9. I would like more information on the following products: (Please check all that apply) 800  Accumulators 805  Filters 808  Hose & Tubing 801  Accessories 806  Gauges & Sensors 809  Hydraulic Fluids 802  Electronic Controls 807  Heat Exchangers, 810  Motors 803  Couplings & Fittings

Heaters, Aftercoolers, 811  Pumps 804  Cylinders

Dryers 812  Seals & Packing 10. I plan on purchasing the above products in the next: 68  0-3 months 69  3-6 months

70  6-9 months

Please send information about the International Fluid Power Society (check all that apply) 897  Membership 898  Certification 899  Training/Education

71  12+ months

813  Vacuum 814  Valves 815  Software

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product information online at fluidpowerjournal.com

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