Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response of rural-urban environments

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response of rural-urban environments in an endorheic area Pedro Arévalo Rey (1), Enrique Ortiz (1,2), Vicente Guna (1,2), Félix Francés (3), Juan Auñón (4), Ramiro Martínez (4), and Diego Irles (5) (1) Hidrogaia S.L., Valencia, Spain, (2) Idrologia e Ambiente Srl (Italy), (3) Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain), (4) Aminsa SA (Spain), (5) Júcar River Basin Authority (Spain)

Vienna, April 6th 2011 Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Basin Modeling (Tetis) 3. Rural Modeling-Los Llanos (Sobek) 4. Urban Modeling-Albacete (Infoworks) 5. Conclusions

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

INTRODUCTION The area of Albacete -Los Llanos (Spain) had been known for its numerous lakes and water springs up to the 19th century.

We found historical cartography to be of good help in order to establish a diagnosis on natural conditions.

Thanks to the economic development ,that took place in the 19th century, a network of channels was built in order to drain the lakes and make the most of water resources, which led to the drying of lakes and springs.

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

INTRODUCTION The area of Albacete -Los Llanos (Spain) had been known for its numerous lakes and water springs up to the 19th century.

We found historical cartography to be of good help in order to establish a diagnosis on natural conditions.

Thanks to the economic development ,that took place in the 19th century, a network of channels was built in order to drain the lakes and make the most of water resources, which led to the drying of lakes and springs.

Lakes and springs

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

INTRODUCTION The area of Albacete -Los Llanos (Spain) had been known for its numerous lakes and water springs up to the 19th century.

We found historical cartography to be of good help in order to establish a diagnosis on natural conditions.

Thanks to the economic development ,that took place in the 19th century, a network of channels was built in order to drain the lakes and make the most of water resources, which led to the drying of lakes and springs.

Lakes and springs

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

INTRODUCTION

1. Basin model

2. Rural Model Los Llanos

3. Urban ModelAlbacete

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

BASIN MODELING (TETIS) Model: TETIS (FrancĂŠs et al, 2007) is a Conceptual Distributed model for rainfall-runoff modelling UPV (Universidad PolitĂŠcnica de Valencia)

- Basins: 10 - Temporal scales: Hourly Storms Hydrograph and net rainfall (inputs Rural Model) Daily Boundary Conditions for Urban Model - Input: Rainfall

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

RURAL MODELING – LOS LLANOS (SOBEK) Model: Sobek Rural 1D/2D Deltares (Holland) - 1D Topology: 76.6 km 302 river sections 55 structures - 2D Topology (700 km2): Parent Grid 50x50 m 280.141 cells Nested Grid - Norte 10x10 m 96.719 cells Nested Grid - Sur 10x10 m 114.504 cells - Inputs: Hourly hydrograph (outputs of the basin model) Hourly Net Rainfall (all over the 2D topology) Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

RURAL MODELING – LOS LLANOS (SOBEK) Parent Grid The overland flow occupies extended areas and moves at a low velocity.

The endorheics located in Los Llanos generate many flow retention areas

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

RURAL MODELING – LOS LLANOS (SOBEK) Nested Grids With respect to the parent grid of the bidimensional topology, we have nested two grids with a higher resolution with the purpose of providing more detail in vulnerable areas.

Due to the scarce slopes and the lack of a proper natural drainage network, any element modifying the flow direction will be crucial

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

URBAN MODELING - ALBACETE (INFORWORKS) Model: Inforworks CS – Wallinford (U.K.) - 1D Topology: Manholes: 4.911 Pipes: 4.894 - 2D Topology: Extension: 34.2 km2 Triangular irregular network: 497.021 elements Size Max Element:100 m2 - Inputs: Rainfall 10 minutal Hourly hydrograph for Overland flow from Escartana Daily Channel flow in María Cristina Channel

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

URBAN MODELING - ALBACETE (INFORWORKS) Overland flow from Escartana, advancing from the south and reaches the city of Albacete affecting its urban drainage system.

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

URBAN MODELING - ALBACETE (INFORWORKS) We generated a series of scenarios to analyze the influence of the boundary conditions over the urban network Scenario 1: Rainfall: T = 10 years Q canal = 0 m3/s (Empty Channel)

Scenario 2: Rainfall: T = 10 years Q canal = 10.812 m3/s (Maximum daily flow)

Overland depth differences between scenarios 11-2

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

URBAN MODELING - ALBACETE (INFORWORKS) In order to understand the operation of the network, it is Important to take into consideration the connection between the channel and pipes

Longitudinal Profile MarĂ­a Cristina Channel

Pipe – Channel Connection

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

URBAN MODELING - ALBACETE (INFORWORKS) The only output in the urban model is the María Cristina Channel Longitudinal Profile - María Cristina Channel 680

Elevetion

678 676 674

Dowstream Average Slope between Albacete - Tinajeros: 0.06 %

Albacete

Hampers a proper drainage

Malpelo

672 670 668 666

Tinajeros

664 662 660 658 656 654

María Cristina Channel 0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

17500

20000

Distance (meters)

Urban Drainage System

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

22500

CONCLUSIONS – BASIN MODELING There’s two types of response: Lezuza and Jardín Rivers: Floods are due to meteological phenomena during winter. The soil component is very important in the runoff production.

Escartana River: Floods due to convective events, usual in the mediterranean region (flash floods).

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

CONCLUSIONS – RURAL MODELING Los Llanos-Albacete shows a great retention capacity due to its endorheic nature Peak flow reduction in Los Llanos-Albacete 1400.00 1200.00 Return Period T=5 years T=10 years T=25 years T=50 years T=100 years T=500 years

Input (m /s) Sum Hydrograph 27.29 39.93 52.06 132.18 297.72 1202.71

3

Output (m /s) María Cristina Channel 3.65 4.45 5.96 11.84 15.01 21.03

Input (m3/s) - Sum Hydrograph Output (m3/s) - María Cristina Channel

1000.00 Peak Flow (m3/s)

3

800.00 600.00 98.25 %

400.00 200.00 86.5 %

88.8 %

88.5 %

91 %

94.95 %

0.00 T=5 years

T=10 years

T=25 years

T=50 years T=100 years T=500 years

Return Period

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

CONCLUSIONS – URBAN MODELING 1. The decrease in the capacity of the urban network due to the flows coming from the María Cristina channel, which constitute restrictive boundary conditions. This effects leads to an increase in the overland flow in the neighbourhoods located close to the channel.

2. The unfavourable positioning of the pipe invert levels can generate an inverse operating of the network due to inflow from the Maria Cristina Channel.

Pipe – Channel Connection - 3D view

María Cristina Channel

Urban Drainage System

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area

AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

JĂşcar River Basin Authority

Coupling hydrologic and hydraulic models to determine the response response of ruralrural-urban environments in an endorheic area