Looking back at IDS's 2002 9/11 special edition paper

CYAN

MAGENTA

YELLOW

BLACK

“There never was a good war or a bad peace.” – Benjamin Franklin, September 11, 1773 Gordon McCannel Aamoth Jr. • Edelmiro “Ed” Abad • Maria Rose Abad • Andrew Anthony Abate • Vincent Abate • Laurence Abel • Alona Abraham • William F. Abrahamson • Richard Anthony Aceto • Heinrich Ackerman • Paul Andrew Acquaviva • Christian Adams

Louise A. Lynch • Michael F. Lynch • Michael F. Lynch • James Francis Lynch • Michael Lynch • Richard Dennis Lynch Jr. • Robert H. Lynch Jr. • Monica Lyons • Patrick Lyons • Michael Lyons • Nehamon Lyons IV • Kathryn L. LaBorie • Andrew LaCorte • Ganesh Ladkat

• Donald L. Adams • Stephen Adams • Patrick Adams • Shannon Lewis Adams • Ignatius Adanga • Christy A. Addamo • Terence E. Adderley Jr. • Sophia Buruwa Addo • Lee Adler • Daniel Thomas Afflitto • Emmanuel Afuakwah • Alok Agarwal • Mukul K. Agarwala •

• James P. Ladley • Joseph LaFalce • Jeanette LaFond-Menichino • David LaForge • Michael P. Laforte • Alan Lafranco • Juan Lafuente • Neil K. Lai • Vincent A. Laieta • William David Lake • Franco Lalama • Chow Kwan Lam • Michael Scott Lamana • Steven LaMantia

Joseph Agnello • David Agnes • Joao A. Aguiar Jr. • Brian Ahearn • Jeremiah Ahern • Joanne Ahladiotis • Shabir Ahmed • Terrance Aiken • Godwin Ajala • Gertrude M. Alagero • Andrew Alameno • Margaret Jezycki Alario • Gary Albero • Jon L. Albert • Peter Craig

• Amy Lamonsoff • Robert T. Lane • Roseanne P. Lang • Brendan Lang • Vanessa Langer • Mary Lou Langley • Peter Langone • Thomas Langone • Michelle B. Lanza • Ruth S. Lapin • Carol Ann LaPlante • Ingeborg Astrid Desiree Lariby • Robin Blair Larkey • Judy Larocque

Alderman • Jacquelyn D. Aldridge • Grace Alegre-Cua • David Dewey Alger • Boutros Al-Hashim • Ernest Alikakos • Edward L. Allegretto • Eric T. Allen • Joseph Ryan Allen • Richard Allen • Christopher E. Allingham • Anna S. Williams Allison • Janet M. Alonso •

• Christopher Randall Larrabee • Hamidou S. Larry • Scott Larsen • John Adam Larson • Natalie Janis Lasden • Gary E. Lasko • Nicholas C. Lassman • Paul Laszczynski • Amarnath Latchman • Jeffrey Latouche • Stephen James Lauria • Maria Lavache • Denis Lavelle •

Anthony Joshua Alvarado • Juan Cisneros Alvarez • Antonio Javier Alvarez • Victoria Alvarez-Brito • Telmo Alvear • Cesar Alviar • Tariq Amanullah • Angelo Amaranto • James Amato • Joseph Amatuccio • Paul Ambrose • Christopher Charles Amoroso • Craig Amundson

Jeannine M. Laverde • Anna Laverty • Robert Lawrence • Nathaniel Lawson • David W. Laychak • Eugene Lazar • James Leahy • Joseph G. Leavey • Neil J. Leavy • Robert LeBlanc • Leon Lebor • Kenneth Charles Ledee • Alan Lederman • Elena Ledesma • Alexis Leduc •

• Kazuhiro Anai • Calixto “Charlie” Anaya Jr. • Joseph P. Anchundia • Yvette Anderson • Kermit C. Anderson • John Andreacchio • Michael R. Andrews • Jean A. Andrucki • Siew-Nya Nya Ang • Joseph Angelini Jr. • Joseph Angelini Sr. • David Angell • Lynn Angell •

Lorraine Lee • Juanita Lee • Gary H. Lee • Hyun-joon Lee • Jong-min Lee • Yang-der Lee • Myoung W. Lee • Richard Yun Choon Lee • David S. Lee • Dong C. Lee • Stuart Lee • Daniel John Lee • Kathryn Lee • Stephen Lefkowitz • Adriana Legro • Edward Lehman • Eric

Laura Angilletta • Doreen J. Angrisani • Lorraine Del Carmen Antigua • David Seima Aoyama • Peter P. Apollo • Faustino Apostol Jr. • Frank Thomas Aquilino • Patrick Michael Aranyos • David Arce • Michael G. Arczynski • Louis Arena • Barbara Arestegui • Michael

Andrew Lehrfeld • David Ralph Leistman • David P. Lemagne • Joseph A. Lenihan • John J. Lennon • John Robinson Lenoir • Robert Lenoir • Jorge Luis Leon • Matthew G. Leonard • Michael Lepore • Charles A. Lesperance • Jeffrey Earl LeVeen • John Dennis Levi • Neil

G. Arezynski • Adam Arias • Michael Joseph Armstrong • Josh Todd Aron • Jack Charles Aron • Richard A. Aronow • Myra Aronson • Japhet Aryee • Carl Asaro • Michael A. Asciak • Michael Asher • Janice Ashley • Thomas J. Ashton • Manuel O. Asitimbay • Greg Arthur

D. Levin • Alisha Caren Levin • Robert Levine • Shai Levinhar • Daniel M. Lewin • Margaret S. Lewis • Kenneth Lewis • Jennifer Gore Lewis • Adam J. Lewis • Ye Wei Liang • Orasri Liangthanasarn • Daniel F. Libretti • Ralph Licciardi • Edward Lichtschein • Samantha

Atlas • Gerald Atwood • James Audiffred • Louis Frank Aversano Jr. • Ezra Aviles • Sandy Ayala • Samuel Ayala • Arlene T. Babakitas • Eustace Rudy Bacchus • John Badagliacca • Jane Ellen Baeszler • Robert J. Baierwalter • Brett T. Bailey • Andrew J. Bailey • Garnet “Ace”

Lightbourn-Allen • Steven B. Lillianthal • Carlos Lillo • Craig Damian Lilore • Arnold A. Lim • Weirong Lin • Darya Lin • Tomas Gallegos Linares • Nickie Lindo • Thomas V. Linehan Jr. • Robert Linnane • Alansan Linton • Diane T. Lipari • Kenneth P. Lira • Lorraine

Bailey • Tatyana Bakalinskaya • Michael Baksh • Julio Minto Balanca • Sharon Balkcom • Michael Andrew Bane • Kathy Bantis • Gerard Baptiste • Walter Baran • Gerald Barbara • Paul V. Barbaro • James W. Barbella • Victor Daniel Barbosa • Christine Barbuto • Colleen

Lisi • Vincent Litto • Ming-Hao Liu • Joseph Livera • Nancy Liz • Harold Lizcano • Martin Lizzul • George A. Llanes • Elizabeth Claire Logler • Catherine L. Loguidice • Jerome Robert Lohez • Michael W. Lomax • Steve Long • Laura M. Longing • Salvatore Lopes • Manuel

Ann Barkow • David Barkway • Melissa Rose Barnes • Matthew Barnes • Sheila P. Barnes • Evan J. Baron • Renee Barrett-Arjune • Maurice V. Barry • Arthur T. Barry • Diane Barry • Scott D. Bart • Carlton W. Bartels • Guy Bar-Zvi • Inna Basina • Alysia Burton Basmajian

Lopez • George Lopez • Daniel Lopez • Luis Lopez • Maclovio Lopez Jr. • Chet Louie • Stuart Louis • Joseph Lovero • Sara Low • Michael W. Lowe • Garry Lozier • John Peter Lozowsky • Charles Peter Lucania • Charles Luciana • Edward H. Luckett II • Mark G. Ludvigsen

• Kenneth W. Basnicki • Steven J. Bates • Paul Battaglia • David Bauer • Ivahn Luis Carpio Bautista • Marlyn Bautista • Mark Lawrence Bavis • Jasper Baxter • Lorraine G. Bay • Michele DuBerry Beale • Todd Beamer • Paul F. Beatini • Jane S. Beatty • Alan Beaven • Larry

• Lee Charles Ludwig • Sean T. Lugano • Daniel Lugo • Jin Lui • Marie Lukas • William Lum Jr. • Michael P. Lunden • Christopher E. Lunder • Anthony Luparello • Gary Lutnick • Linda Luzzicone • Alexander Lygin • CeeCee Lyles • James Lynch • Sean P. Lynch • Farrell

Beck • Manette Manette Beckles • Carl Bedigian • Michael Beekman • Maria Asuncion Behr • Max Beilke • Ylena Belilovsky • Nina Patrice Bell • Debbie S. Bellows • Stephen Belson • Paul Benedetti • Denise Benedetto • Domingo Benilda • Eric L. Bennett • Oliver Bennett

Peter Lynch • Terence Michael Lynch • Louise A. Lynch • Michael F. Lynch • Michael F. Lynch • James Francis Lynch • Michael Lynch • Richard Dennis Lynch Jr. • Robert H. Lynch Jr. • Monica Lyons • Patrick Lyons • Michael Lyons • Nehamon Lyons IV • Robert Francis

• Bryan Craig Bennett • Margaret L. Benson • Dominick J. Berardi • Steven H. Berger • James P. Berger • John P. Bergin • Alvin Bergsohn • Daniel Bergstein • Graham Berkeley • Michael Berkeley • Donna Bernaerts-Kearns • William “Bill” Bernstein • David M. Berray •

Mace • Marianne MacFarlane • Jan Maciejewski • Susan A. MacKay • Catherine Fairfax MacRae • Richard B. Madden • Simon Maddison • Noell Maerz • Jeannieann Maffeo • Joseph Maffeo • Jay Robert Magazine • Brian Magee • Charles Wilson

David S. Berry • Joseph John Berry • William Reed Bethke • Yeneneh Betru • Timothy D. Betterly • Carolyn Beug • Edward F. Beyea • Paul Beyer • Anil T. Bharvaney • Bella Bhukhan • Shimmy D. Biegeleisen • Peter Bielfield • William Biggart • Ralph Bijoux • Brian

Magee • Joseph Maggitti • Ronald E. Magnuson • Daniel L. Maher • Thomas Mahon • William Mahoney • Joseph Maio • Takashi Makimoto • Abdu Malahi • Debora Maldonado. • Myrna Maldonado-Agosto • Alfred R. Maler • Gregory James Malone

Bilcher • Mark K. Bingham • Carl Bini • Gary Bird • Joshua David Birnbaum • George John Bishop • Kris Romeo Bishundat • Jeffrey D. Bittner • Balewa Albert Blackman • Christopher Blackwell • Carrie Blagburn • Susan L. Blair • Julio Minto Blanca • Harry Blanding

• Edward Francis Maloney • Joseph E. Maloney • Gene E. Maloy • Christian Maltby • Francisco Miguel Mancini • Joseph Mangano • Sara Elizabeth Manley • Debra M. Mannetta • Marion Victoria Manning • Terence J. Manning • James Maounis

• Craig Michael Blass • Rita Blau • Richard M. Blood • Michael A. Boccardi • John Paul Bocchi • Michael L. Bocchino • Susan Bochino • Deora Frances Bodley • Bruce Boehm • Mary Catherine Boffa • Nicholas A. Bogdan • Darren Bohan • Lawrence F. Boisseau •

• Alfred Gilles Marchand • Joseph Ross Marchbanks • Hilda Marcin • Peter Edward Mardikian • Edward Mardovich • Lt. Charles Margiotta • Louis Neil Mariani • Kenneth Joseph Marino • Lester Vincent Marino • Vita Marino • Kevin D. Marlo

Vincent Boland Jr. • Touri Bolourchi • Alan Bondarenko • Andre Bonheur • Colin Bonnett • Yvonne Bonomo • Frank Bonomo • Sean Booker • Kelly Ann Booms • Canfield D. Boone • Mary Jane Booth • Juan Jose Bordaleyva • Sherry Bordeaux • Krystine C. Bordenabe

• Jose J. Marrero • John Marshall • Shelley A. Marshall • James Martello • Michael A. Marti • Karen A. Martin • Lt. Peter Martin • Teresa M. Martin • William J. Martin • Brian E. Martineau • Betsy Martinez • Edward J. Martinez • Jose Martinez

• Martin Boryczewski • Richard Bosco • Klaus Bothe • Carol Bouchard • J. Howard Boulton Jr. • Francisco Bourdier • Thomas H. Bowden Jr. • Donna Bowen • Veronique Nicole Bowers • Kimberly S. Bowers • Larry Bowman • Shawn Edward Bowman Jr. • Kevin L.

• Robert Gabriel Martinez • Waleska Martinez Rivera • Lizie Martinez-Calderon • Lt. Paul Richard Martini • Joseph A. Mascali • Bernard Mascarenhas • Stephen F. Masi • Ada L. Mason-Acker • Nicholas G. Massa • Patricia A. Massari • Michael

Bowser • Gary R. Box • Gennady Boyarsky • Pamela J. Boyce • Allen Boyle • Michael Boyle • Alfred J. Braca • Sandra Conaty Brace • Kevin Bracken • Sandra W. Bradshaw • David Brian Brady • Alex Braginsky • Nicholas Brandemarti • Daniel R. Brandhorst • David

Massaroli • Philip W. Mastrandrea • Rudolph Mastrocinque • Joseph Mathai • Charles William Mathers • William A. Mathesen • Marcello Matricciano • Margaret Elaine Mattic • Lt. Col. Dean E. Mattson • Robert D. Mattson • Walter Matuza

Brandhorst • Michelle Renee Bratton • Patrice Braut • Lydia Estelle Bravo • Ronald Breitweiser • Michael Emmett Brennan • Thomas M. Brennan • Francis Henry Brennan • Peter Brennan • Edward A. Brennan III • Daniel Brethel • Gary L. Bright • Jonathan Briley •

• Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Maude • Charles A. Mauro • Charles J. Mauro • Dorothy Mauro • Nancy T. Mauro • Robert J. Maxwell • Renee A. May • Tyrone May • Keithroy Maynard • Robert J. Mayo • Kathy Mazza-Delosh • Edward Mazzella •

Mark A. Brisman • Paul Bristow • Marion Britton • Mark Francis Broderick • Herman Broghammer • Keith Alexander Broomfield • Lloyd Brown • Patrick Brown • Bettina Brown • Janice J. Brown • Bernard Curtis Brown II • Mark Bruce • Richard Bruehert • Andrew

Jennifer Mazzotta • Kaaria Mbaya • James McAlary • Brian McAleese • Patricia A. McAneney • Colin Richard McArthur • John McAvoy • Kenneth M. McBrayer • Brendan McCabe • Michael J. McCabe • Thomas McCann • Justin McCarthy

Brunn • Vincent Brunton • Ronald Paul Bucca • Brandon J. Buchanan • Gregory Joseph Buck • Dennis Buckley • Nancy Bueche • Patrick Joseph Buhse • John E. Bulaga Jr. • Stephen Bunin • Christopher Lee Burford • Matthew J. Burke • Thomas Daniel Burke • William

• Kevin M. McCarthy • Michael McCarthy • Robert Garvin McCarthy • Stanley McCaskill • Katie McCloskey • Tara McCloud-Gray • Juliana McCourt • Ruth McCourt • Charles Austin McCrann • Tonyell McDay • Matthew McDermott

Burke Jr. • Charles F. Burlingame • Thomas E. Burnett Jr. • Keith James Burns • Kathleen A. Burns • Donald J. Burns • John Patrick Burnside • Irina Buslo • Milton Bustillo • Thomas Butler • Timothy G. Byrne • Patrick Byrne • Daniel M. Caballero • Jesus N. Cabezas

• Joseph P. McDonald • Brian G. McDonnell • Michael McDonnell • John F. McDowell • Eamon J. McEneaney • John Thomas McErlean • Katherine McGarry-Noack • Daniel F. McGinley • Mark Ryan McGinly . • Lt. William E. McGinn •

• Lillian Caceres • Brian Cachia • Steven Cafiero Jr. • Richard Caggiano • Cecile M. Caguicla • Scott W. Cahill • Michael John Cahill • John Brett Cahill • Thomas J. Cahill • George Cain • Salavatore Calabro • Joseph Calandrillo • Philip V. Calcagno • Jose Orlando

Thomas H. McGinnis • Michael Gregory McGinty • Ann McGovern • Scott Martin McGovern • William J. McGovern • Stacey S. McGowan • Francis Noel McGuinn • Thomas F. McGuinness • Patrick J. McGuire • Thomas M. McHale •

Calderon • Edward Calderon • Kenneth Caldwell • Dominick Enrico Calia • Bobby Calixte • Liam Callahan • Frank Callahan • Suzanne Calley • Luigi Calvi • Roko Camaj • Michael Cammarata • Geoffrey Thomas Campbell • Sandra Campbell • David O. Campbell

Keith McHeffey • Ann M. McHugh • Denis J. McHugh • Dennis P. McHugh • Michael Edward McHugh • Robert G. McIlvaine • Donald James McIntyre • Stephanie McKenna • Molly L. McKenzie • Barry J. McKeon • Evelyn C. McKinnedy •

• Jill Marie Campbell • Juan Ortega Campos • Sean Canavan • John A. Candela • Vincent Cangelosi • Stephen J. Cangialosi • Lisa Cannava • Brian Cannizzaro • Michael R. Canty • Louis A. Caporicci • Jonathan N. Cappello • James Christopher Cappers • Richard

Darryl Leron McKinney • George Patrick McLaughlin • Robert C. McLaughlin • Gavin McMahon • Robert Dismas McMahon • Edmund M. McNally • Daniel McNeal • Walter Arthur McNeil • Jaselliny McNish • Christine McNulty • Sean

Caproni • Jose Cardona • Dennis M. Carey • Edward Carlino • Michael Carlo • David G. Carlone • Rosemarie C. Carlson • Mark Stephen Carney • Joyce Ann Carpeneto • Alicia Acevedo Carranza • Jeremy M. Carrington • Peter Carroll • Michael T. Carroll • James

Peter McNulty • Robert McPadden • Terence A. McShane • Timothy McSweeney • Martin E. McWilliams • Rocco A. Medaglia • Abigail Medina • Ana Iris Medina • Deborah Medwig • Damian Meehan • William J. Meehan • Alok Kumar

Carson • Christoffer Mikael Carstanjen • Angelene C. Carter • James Marcel Cartier • Joel Cartridge • Sharon Carver • Vivian Casalduo • John F. Casazza • Paul Cascio Jr. • Neilie Anne Heffernan Casey • Kathleen Hunt Casey • William Joseph Cashman • Margarito

Mehta • Raymond Meisenheimer • Manuel Emilio Mejia • Eskedar Melaku • Antonio Melendez • Mary Melendez • Christopher D. Mello • Melena Melnichenko • Stuart Todd Meltzer • Diarelia Jovannah Mena • Dora Menchaca • Charles

Casillas • Thomas Casoria • William O. Caspar • Alejandro Castano • Arcelia Castillo • Leonard M. Castrianno • Jose Castro • William E. Caswell • Richard G. Catarelli • Sean Caton • Robert J. Caufield • Mary Teresa Caulfield • Judson J. Cavalier • Michael Cawley

Mendez • Lizette Mendoza • Shevonne Mentis • Wolfgang Menzel • Steve Mercado • Wesley Mercer • Ralph Mercurio • Alan H. Merdinger • George C. Merino • Yamel Merino • George Merkouris. • Deborah Merrick • Raymond J. Metz . •

• Jason D. Cayne • Juan Armando Ceballos • Marcia G. Cecil-Carter • Jason Cefalu • Thomas J. Celic • Ana M. Centeno • Juan Cevallos • John Chada • Jeffrey M. Chairnoff • William Chalcoff • Eli Chalouh • Charles Chan • Mandy Chang • Rosa “Rosemary” M.

Jill A. Metzler • David Robert Meyer • Nurul Huq Miah • William Edward Micciulli • Martin Paul Michelstein • Patricia E. Mickley • Luis Clodoaldo Revilla Mier • Maj. Ronald D. Milam • Peter T. Milano • Gregory Milanowycz • Lukasz T.

Chapa • Mark L. Charette • David Charlebois • Gregorio Manuel Chavez • Pedro Francisco Checo • Vernon Paul Cherry • Douglas MacMillan Cherry • Stephen Patrick Cherry • Swede Joseph Chevalier • Nestor Chevalier • Alexander H. Chiang • Dorothy J. Chiarchiaro

Milewski • Corey Peter Miller • Craig James Miller • Douglas C. Miller • Henry Miller • Joel Miller • Michael Matthew Miller • Nicole Miller • Phillip D. Miller • Robert Alan Miller • Robert C. Miller • Benjamin Millman • Charles M. Mills

• Luis Alfonso Chimbo • Robert Chin • Nicholas Chiofalo • John Chipura • Peter A. Chirchirillo • Catherine Ellen Chirls • Casey Cho • Mohammed Salahuddin Chowdbury • Abul K. Chowdhury • Kirsten L. Christophe • Pamela Chu • Steven P. Chucknick • Wai-

• Ronald Keith Milstein • Robert Minara • William G. Minardi • Louis Joseph Minervino • Thomas Mingione • Wilbert Miraille • Domenick Mircovich • Rajesh A. Mirpuri • Joseph Mistrulli. • Susan Miszkowicz • Lt. Paul Thomas Mitchell

ching Chung • Christopher Ciafardini • Alex F. Ciccone • Frances Ann Cilente • Elaine Cillo • Edna Cintron • Nestor Andre Cintron III • Robert D. Cirri • Eugene Clark • Tom Clark • Mannie Leroy Clark • Benjamin Keefe Clark • Gregory A. Clark • Sarah M. Clark

• Richard Miuccio • Jeffrey Peter Mladenik • Frank V. Moccia • Capt. Louis Modafferi • Boyie Mohammed • Lt. Dennis Mojica • Manuel Mojica • Kleber Rolando Molina • Manuel Dejesus Molina • Carl Molinaro • Justin Molisani • Brian

• Suria R.E. Clarke • Michael Clarke • Christopher Robert Clarke • Donna Clarke • Kevin Francis Cleary • Jim Cleere • John Clinton • Geoffrey Cloud • Susan M. Clyne • Steven Coakley • Jeffrey Coale • Patricia A. Cody • Daniel Michael Coffey • Jason Matthew

Patrick Monaghan • Franklin Monahan • John Gerard Monahan • Kristen Montanaro • Craig D. Montano • Michael Montesi • Carlos Alberto Montoya • Antonio Valdes • Cheryl Ann Monyak • Capt. Thomas Moody • Sharon Moore •

Coffey • Florence Cohen • Kevin Cohen • Anthony Coladonato • Mark Colaio • Stephen J. Colaio • Christopher M. Colasanti • Kevin N. Colbert • Michel P. Colbert • Keith E. Coleman • Scott T. Coleman • Tarel Coleman • Jean M. Colin • Robert D. Colin • Robert

Krishna Moorthy • Laura Lee Morabito • Abner Morales • Carlos Morales • Luis Morales • Paula Morales • Gerard P. Moran • John Moran • John Moran • Kathleen Moran • Lindsay S. Morehouse • George Morell • Steven P. Morello • Vincent

Joseph Coll • John M. Collins • Michael Collins • Thomas J. Collins • Jeffrey Collman • Patricia Malia Colodner • Linda M. Colon • Sol E. Colon • Ronald Comer • Jaime Concepcion • Albert Conde • Denease Conley • Susan Clancy Conlon • Margaret Mary Conner

S. Morello. • Arturo Alva Moreno • Yvette Nicole Moreno • Dorothy Morgan • Richard Morgan • Nancy Morgenstern • Sanae Mori • Blanca Morocho • Leonel Morocho • Dennis G. Moroney • Lynne Irene Morris • Odessa V. Morris • Seth A.

• Cynthia C. Connolly • John E. Connolly Jr. • James Lee Connor • Jonathan Connors • Kevin P. Connors • Kevin F. Conroy • Jose Manuel Contreras Fernandez • Brenda E. Conway • Dennis Michael Cook • Helen Cook • Jeffrey Coombs • James L. Cooper • Julian

Morris • Stephen Philip Morris • Christopher Morrison • Ferdinand V. Morron • William David Moskal • Brian Anthony Moss • Marco Motroni • Iouri A. Mouchinski • Jude J. Moussa • Peter C. Moutos • Damion Mowatt • Teddington H. Moy

Cooper • Zandra Cooper • John Cooper • Joseph Coppo • Gerald Coppola • Joseph A. Corbett • John “Jay” Corcoran • Alejandro Cordero • Robert Cordice • Davids Vargas Cordoba • Ruben Correa • Daniel Correa-Gutierrez • Georgine Rose Corrigan • James Corrigan

• Christopher Mozzillo • Stephen V. Mulderry • Richard Muldowney • Michael D. Mullan • Dennis Michael Mulligan • Peter James Mulligan • Michael Joseph Mullin • James Donald Munhall • Nancy Muniz • Carlos Mario Munoz • Francisco

• Adriana Cortes • Carlos Cortes • Kevin M. Cosgrove • Dolores Marie Costa • Michael Costello • Charles G. Costello Jr. • Asia Cottom • Conrod K.H. Cottoy • Martin Coughlan • John Coughlin • Timothy John Coughlin • James E. Cove • Andre Cox • Fred Cox

Munoz • Theresa Munson • Robert M. Murach • Cesar Augusto Murillo • Marc A. Murolo • Brian Joseph Murphy • Charles Murphy • Christopher W. Murphy • Edward C. Murphy • James F. Murphy • James Thomas Murphy • Kevin James

Jr. • James Raymond Coyle • Michelle Coyle-Eulau • Christopher S. Cramer • Anne Martino Cramer • Eric Allen Cranford • Denise Crant • Robert Crawford • James Crawford Jr. • Tara Kathleen Creamer • Joanne Cregan • Lucy Crifasi • John Crisci • Daniel Crisman

Murphy • Lt. Cmdr. Patrick Murphy • Patrick Sean Murphy. • Lt. Raymond E. Murphy • Robert Eddie Murphy • John Joseph Murray • John Joseph Murray • Susan D. Murray • Valerie Victoria Murray • Richard Todd Myhre • Louis J. Nacke • Robert

• Dennis Cross • Helen Crossin-Kittle • Kevin R. Crotty • Thomas G. Crotty • John R. Crowe • Welles Remy Crowther • Robert L. Cruikshank • Francisco Cruz • John Robert Cruz • Kenneth John Cubas • Francisco C. Cubero • Thelma Cuccinello • Richard Joseph

Nagel • Mildred Naiman • Takuya Nakamura • Alexander J.R. Napier Jr. • Frank J. Naples • John Napolitano • Catherine Nardella • Mario Nardone • Manika Narula • Shawn M. Nassaney • Karen Navarro • Joseph M. Navas • Francis Joseph Nazario • Glenroy Neblett •

Cudina • Neil Cudmore • Thomas Cullen III • Joan McConnell Cullinan • Joyce Cummings • Brian Thomas Cummins • Nilton Albuquerque Fernao Cunha • Michael J. Cunningham • Robert Curatolo • Laurence Curia • Paul Curioli • Patrick Currivan • Beverly L.

Marcus Neblett • Jerome O. Nedd • Laurence Nedell • Luke Nee • Peter Negron • Laura Ann Neira • Michelle Ann Nelson • Paul Nelson • Peter Allen Nelson • James A. Nelson • Ann Nicole Nelson • David W. Nelson • Oscar Nesbitt • Gerard T. Nevins • Renee Newell

Curry • Michael Curtin • Patricia Cushing • Gavin Cushny • Manuel J. Da Mota • Caleb Arron Dack • Carlos S. DaCosta • Annette Daiaram • Brian P. Dale • John Dallara • Vincent D'Amadeo • Thomas A. Damaskinos • Jack L. D'Ambrosi Jr. • Jason Dahl • Jeannine

• Christopher A. Newton • Christopher Newton-Carter • Nancy Yuen Ngo • Khang Nguyen • Jody Tepedino Nichilo • Kathleen Nicosia • Martin Niederer • Alfonse J. Niedermeyer III • Frank Niestadt • Gloria Nieves • Juan Nieves Jr. • Troy Nilsen • Paul R. Nimbley •

Damiani-Jones • Patrick W. Danahy • Mary D'Antonio • Vincent G. Danz • Dwight D. Darcy • Elizabeth Ann Darling • Annette Andrea Dataram • Edward “Eddie” D'Atri • Michael D'Auria • Scott Davidson • Julane Davidson • Michael Allen Davidson • Lawrence

John Ballantine Niven • Katherine “Katie” McGarry Noack • Curtis Noel • Michael Allen Noeth • Daniel R. Nolan • Robert Walter Noonan • Jacqueline Norton • Robert Norton • Daniela R. Notaro • Brian Novotny • Soichi Numata • Jose R. Nunez • Brian Nunez • Jeffrey

Davidson • Niurka Davila • Wayne T. Davis • Clinton Davis • Ada Davis • Richard Dawson • Calvin Dawson • Edward Day • Gloria de Barrera • Jayceryll M. de Chavez • Jennifer De Jesus • Emerita de la Pena • Azucena de la Torre • Oscar de Laura • Cristina de

Nussbaum • James A. Oakley • Dennis O'berg • Timothy Michael O'Brien • Scott O'Brien • Michael O'Brien • James O'Brien • Daniel O'Callaghan • Jefferson Ocampo • Richard J. O'Connor • Diana J. O'Connor • Keith K. O'Connor • Dennis J. O'Connor Jr. • Amy O'Doherty

Laura • William T. Dean • Thomas P. DeAngelis • Robert J. Deangells Jr. • Dorothy Alma DeAraujo • Tara Debek • James D. Debeuneure • Anna DeBin • James Vincent DeBlase • Paul DeCola • Gerald Francis Deconto • Simon Dedvukaj • Vincent DeFazio • Jason

• Marni Pont O'Doherty • Douglas Oelschlager • Tagashi Ogana • Albert Ogletree • Philip P. Ognibene • John Ogonowski • James Andrew O'Grady • Joseph J. Ogren • Thomas O'Hagan • Samuel Oitice • Patrick O'Keefe • William O'Keefe • Gerald M. Olcott • Gerald

DeFazio • David A. Defeo • Nereida DeJesus • Monique E. DeJesus • Manuel del Valle Jr. • Donald A. Delapenha • Vito J. Deleo • Danielle Delie • Joseph Della Pietra • Andrea Dellabella • Palmina Delligatti • Colleen Deloughery • Joseph Deluca • Manuel Delvalle

O'Leary • Christine Anne Olender • Linda Oliva • Edward K. Oliver • Leah E. Oliver • Eric Olsen • Jeffrey Olsen • Barbara K. Olson • Maureen L. Olson • Steven Olson • Mathew T. O'Mahony • Toshihiro Onda • Seamus O'Neal • John P. O'Neill • Sean Gordon Corbett

• Frank A. DeMartini • Anthony Demas • Martin DeMeo • Frank Xavier Deming • Carol K. Demitz • Thomas Dennis • Kevin Dennis • Jean C. DePalma • Jose Nicholas Depena • Robert Deraney • David P. DeRubbio • Jemal Desantis • Christian L. DeSimone •

O'Neill • Peter J. O'Neill Jr. • Betty Ong • Michael Opperman • Christopher Orgielewicz • Margaret Quinn Orloske • Virginia A. Ormiston-Kenworthy • Ruben Ornedo • Kevin O'Rourke • Juan Romero Orozco • Ronald Orsini • Peter K. Ortale • Jane Orth • Alexander

Edward DeSimone III • Andrew Desperito • Michael J. Desposito • Mike D'Esposito • Cindy Deuel • Melanie DeVere • Jerry DeVito • Robert P. Devitt Jr. • Dennis Lawrence Devlin • Gerard Dewan • Simon A. Dhanani • Carl Di Franco • Michael L. DiAgostino •

Ortiz • Sonia Ortiz • Emilio “Peter” Ortiz • David Ortiz • Paul Ortiz Jr. • Masaru Ose • Patrick J. O'Shea • Robert W. O'Shea • Elsy Carolina Osorio-Oliva • James Robert Ostrowski • Timothy O'Sullivan • Jason Douglas Oswald • Michael Otten • Isidro Ottenwalder •

Nancy Diaz • Lourdes Galleti Diaz • Matthew Diaz • Michael A. Diaz-Piedra III • Judith Berquis Diaz-Sierra • Patricia Dichiaro • Rodney Dickens • Jerry Don Dickerson • Joseph D. Dickey Jr. • Lawrence Patrick Dickinson • Michael D. Diehl • John DiFato • Vincent

Michael Ou • Todd J. Ouida • Jesus Ovalles • Peter J. Owens • Adianes Oyola • Israel Pabon • Angel Pabon • Roland Pacheco • Michael B. Packer • Diana B. Padro • Chin Sun Pak • Deepa K. Pakkala • Jeffrey Palazzo • Thomas Anthony Palazzo • Richard Palazzolo • Orio

Francis Difazio • Carl A. DiFranco • Donald J. DiFranco • Alexandra Costanza Digna • Eddie Dillard • Debra Ann DiMartino • David DiMeglio • Stephen P. Dimino • William J. Dimmling • Marisa DiNardo • Christopher Dincuff • Jeffrey M. Dingle • Anthony Dionisio

Palmer • Frank Palombo • Alan N. Palumbo • Christopher M. Panatier • Dominique Lisa Pandolfo • Jonas Martin Panik • Paul Pansini • John M. Paolillo • Edward J. Papa • Salvatore Papasso • James Pappageorge • Marie Pappalardo • Vinod K. Parakat • Vijayashanker

Jr. • Joseph DiPalato • George DiPasquale • Joseph DiPilato • Robert Dirani • Michael DiRienzo • Douglas F. DiStefano • Donald Ditullio • Ramzi Doany • Johnnie Doctor Jr. • John J. Doherty • Melissa Doi • Robert Edward Dolan • Brendan Dolan • Neil Dollard •

Paramsothy • Hardai Parbhu • James W. Parham • Debra Paris • George Paris • Gye-hyong Park • Philip L. Parker • Michael A. Parkes • Robert Emmett Parks Jr. • Hasmukh Parmar • Robert Parro • Diane Parsons • Leobardo Lopez Pascual • Michael J. Pascuma • Jerrold

James Domanico • Benilda P. Domingo • Jerome Dominguez • Charles Dominguez • Geronimo Dominguez • Alberto Dominguez • Kevin Donnelly • Jacqueline Donovan • William Howard Donovan Jr. • Stephen S. Dorf • Thomas Dowd • Kevin Dowdell • Mary

Paskins • Horace Robert Passananti • Suzanne Passaro • Manish K. Patel • Dipti Patel • Avnish Ramanbhai Patel • Steven B. Paterson • Lawrence Patrick • James Patrick • Manuel Patrocino • Bernard E. Patterson • Clifford Patterson Jr. • Cira Marie Patti • James Robert

Yolanda Dowling • Raymond M. Downey • Joseph Doyle • Frank J. Doyle • Randy Drake • Patrick Joseph Driscoll • Stephen Patrick Driscoll • Charles Droz • Mirna A. Duarte • Luke A. Dudek • Thomas W. Duffy • Gerard Duffy • Michael Joseph Duffy • Christopher

Paul • Patrice Paz • Victor Paz-Gutierrez • Stacey L. Peak • Richard Pearlman • Durrell Pearsall Jr. • Thomas Pecorelli • Thomas E. Pedicini • Todd D. Pelino • Michel Adrian Pelletier • Anthony Peluso • Jose D. Pena • Angel R. Pena • Robert B. Penninger • Richard A.

Michael Duffy • Antoinette Duger • Sareve Dukat • Patrick Dunn • Richard Dunstan • Patrick Dwyer • Joseph A. Eacobacci • Bruce Eagleson • Edward Thomas Earhart • Robert Eaton • Dean P. Eberling • Margaret Echterman • Paul Robert Eckna • Gus Economos

Penny • Salvatore Pepe • Carl Allen Peralta • Robert David Peraza • Maria Vola Percoco • Jon A. Perconti • Nancy E. Perez • Ivan A. Perez • Anthony Perez • Angela Susan Perez • Alejo Perez • Angel Perez Jr. • Berry Berenson Perkins • Joseph Perroncino • Edward J. Perrotta

• Michael Hardy Edwards • Dennis M. Edwards • Barbara G. Edwards • Samantha Egan • Christine Egan • Lisa Egan • Michael Egan • Martin Joseph Egan Jr. • Carole Eggert • Lisa Caren Weinstein Ehrlich • John Ernest Eichler • Eric Adam Eisenberg • Daphne Ferlinda

• Emelda Perry • Glenn Perry • John William Perry • Franklin “Frank” Pershep • Daniel Pesce • Michael J. Pescherine • William Russel Peterson • Davin Peterson • Jean Hoadley Peterson • Donald A. Peterson • Mark Petrocelli • Philip Petti • Glen Pettit • Dominick

Elder • Michael Elferis • Valerie Silver Ellis • Mark Ellis • Albert Elmarry • Robert Randolph Elseth • Edgar H. Emery Jr. • Doris Suk-Yuen Eng • Christopher S. Epps • Ulf R. Ericson • Erwin Erker • William J. Erwin • Sarah Escarcega • Fanny M. Espinoza • William

Pezzulo • Kaleen E. Pezzuti • Kevin Pfeifer • Tu-Anh Pham • Kenneth Phelan • Eugenia Piantieri • Ludwig J. Picarro • Matthew Picerno • Joseph O. Pick • Christopher Pickford • Dennis J. Pierce • Bernard T. Pietronico • Nicholas P. Pietrunti • Susan Elizabeth Pinto • Joseph

Esposito • Francis Esposito • Michael Esposito • Ruben Esquilin Jr. • Sadie Ette • Barbara Etzold • Eric Evans • Robert Evans • Meredith Emily June Ewart • John Fabian • Patricia M. Fagan • Catherine K. Fagan • Ivan Kiryllos Fairbanks Barbosa • Keith Fairben •

Piskadlo • Christopher Todd Pitman • Josh Piver • Robert Riis Ploger III • Joseph Plumitallo • John M. Pocher • William H. Pohlmann • Laurence M. Polatsch • Thomas Polhemus • Steve Pollicino • Susan Pollio • Darin Howard Pontell • Joshua Poptean • Giovanna Porras

Charles S. Falkenberg • Dana Falkenberg • Zoe Falkenberg • Jamie Lynn Fallon • Bill Fallon • William F. Fallon Jr. • Anthony J. Fallone Jr. • Dolores B. Fanelli • Robert J. Fangman • John J. Fanning • Kathleen Faragher • Thomas Farino • Nancy Carole Farley • Betty

• Anthony Portillo • James Edward Potorti • Daphne Pouletsos • Stephen Poulos • Richard Poulos • Brandon Powell • Scott Powell • Shawn Powell • Tony Pratt • Greg Preziose • Wanda Astol Prince • Vincent Princiotta • Kevin Prior • Everett Martin Proctor III • Carrie B.

Farmer • Douglas Farnum • Thomas P. Farreley • John G. Farrell • John William Farrell • Terrence Patrick Farrell • Joseph Farrelly • Syed Abdul Fatha • Christopher Faughnan • Wendy R. Faulkner • Shannon M. Fava • Bernard D. Favuzza • Ronald C. Fazio • Robert

Progen • David Lee Pruim • Richard Prunty • John F. Puckett • Robert D. Pugliese • Edward Pullis • Patricia Ann Puma • Jack Punches • Sonia Morales Puopolo • Joseph John Pycior Jr. • Edward Richard Pykon • Christopher Quackenbush • Lars P. Qualben • Lincoln Quappe

Fazio Jr. • William Feehan • Francis Feely • Garth E. Feeney • Sean Fegan • Lee Fehling • Peter Feidelberg • Alan Feinberg • Rosa M. Feliciano • Edward P. Felt • Edward T. Fergus Jr. • George J. Ferguson • James Joe Ferguson • Julio Fernandez • Henry Fernandez •

• Beth Quigley • Patrick J. Quigley IV • Michael Quilty • Ricardo Quinn • James Quinn • Carol Rabalais • Christopher Peter Racaniello • Leonard Ragaglia • Eugene J. Raggio • Michael Ragusa • Peter F. Raimondi • Lisa Joy Raines • Harry Raines • Ehtesham U. Raja • Valsa

Judy Hazel Fernandez • Elisa Ferraina • Anne Marie Sallerin Ferreira • Bob Ferris • Vincent W. Ferrone • David Francis Ferrugio • Louis V. Fersini • Mike Ferugio • Bradley J. Fetchet • Jennifer Louise Fialko • Kristen Fiedel • Peter Fiedelberg • Amelia Fields • Samuel

Raju • Edward Rall • Maria Isabel Ramirez • Julio Fernandez Ramirez • Harry Ramos • Vishnoo Ramsaroop • Deborah Ramsaur • Lorenzo Ramzey • Alfred Todd Rancke • Adam David Rand • Jonathan C. Randall • Shreyas Ranganath • Faina Rapoport • Robert Arthur

Fields • Alexander Filipov • Michael Bradley Finnegan • Timothy J. Finnerty • Michael Fiore • Stephen J. Fiorelli • Paul Fiori • John Fiorito • John Fischer • John R. Fisher • Andrew Fisher • Gerald P. Fisher • Bennett Lawson Fisher • Thomas J. Fisher • Lucy Fishman

Rasmussen • Rhonda Ridge Rasmussen • Amenia Rasool • Roger Mark Rasweiler • Marsha Dianah Ratchford • David Alan James Rathkey • William R. Raub • Gerard Rauzi • Alexey Razuvaev • Gregory Reda • Sarah Redheffer • Michele Reed • Judith A. Reese • Robert

• Doug Fitzgerald • Tom Fitzpatrick • Richard Fitzsimons • Salvatore A. Fiumefreddo • Darlene Flagg • Wilson Flagg • Christina Donovan Flannery • Eileen Flecha • Andre Fletcher • Carl Flickinger • Matthew Michael Flocco • John Joseph Florio • Joseph W. Flounders

Regan • Donald Regan • Thomas M. Regan • Christian Regenhard • Gregory Reidy • Kevin Reilly • James B. Reilly • Timothy E. Reilly • Joseph Reina Jr. • Thomas Barnes Reinig • Frank Bennett Reisman • Joshua Scott Reiss • Karen Renda • John Armand Reo • Richard

• Carol Flyzik • Michael Fodor • David Fodor • Steven M. Fogel • Thomas Foley • Jane Folger • David Fontana • Chin “Dennis” Foo • Bobby Forbes • Delrose Forbes-Cheatam • Donald A. Foreman • Christopher Hugh Forsythe • Sandra N. Foster • Noel J. Foster • Ana

C. Rescorla • John Resta • Sylvia San Pio Resta • Martha Reszke • David Retik • Todd H. Reuben • Luis C. Revilla • Eduvigis Reyes • Bruce A. Reynolds • John Frederick Rhodes Jr. • Francis S. Riccardelli • Rudolph N. Riccio • David Rice • Eileen M. Rice • Kenneth F. Rice

Fosteris • Robert Foti • Yolette Fouchet • Jeffrey L. Fox • Virginia Fox • Lucille V. Francis • Joan Francis • Pauline Francis • Gary J. Frank • Morton Frank • Peter Christopher Frank • Richard K. Fraser • Colleen Laura Fraser • Kevin Joseph Frawley • Clyde Frazier Jr. •

III • Vernon Richard • Cecelia E. Richard • Claude D. Richards • Gregory Richards • Venesha Richards • Michael Richards • James Riches • Alan Jay Richman • Rhonda Sue Ridge Rasmussen • John M. Rigo • James Riley • Frederick Rimmele • Theresa Risco • Rose Mary

Lillian I. Frederick • Andrew Fredericks • Tamitha Freeman • Jamitha Freemen • Brett O. Freiman • Peter Freund • Arlene Fried • Alan Wayne Friedlander • Paul J. Friedman • Andrew K. Friedman • Gregg J. Froehner • Lisa Frost • Peter C. Fry • Clement Fumando •

Riso • Moises N. Rivas • Joseph Rivelli • Carmen A. Rivera • Isaias Rivera • Linda I. Rivera • Juan Rivera • David Rivers • Joseph R. Riverso • Paul V. Rizza • Stephen L. Roach • Joseph Roberto • Michael Roberts • Michael Edward Roberts • Leo A. Roberts • Donald W.

Steven Elliott Furman • Paul James Furmato • Karleton D.B. Fyfe • Richard P. Gabriel Sr. • Richard S. Gabrielle • James Andrew Gadiel • Pamela Gaff • Ervin Gailliard • Grace Galante • Deanna L. Galante • German Castillo Galicia • Daniel J. Gallagher • John Patrick

Robertson • Fazio Robery • Catherina Robinson • Jeffrey Robinson • Michell Robotham • Donald Arthur Robson • Raymond J. Rocha • Antonio Augusto Tome Rocha • Laura Rockefeller • John Michael Rodak • Antonio Jose Carrusca Rodrigues • Anthony Rodriguez •

Gallagher • Anthony E. Gallagher • Lourdes Galletti • Cono E. Gallo • Vincent Gallucci • Thomas Edward Galvin • Giovanna “Genni” Gambale • Thomas Gambino Jr. • Giann Gamboa • Ronald Gamboa • Peter J. Ganci Jr. • Michael Gann • Charles William Garbarini • Juan

Carmen Rodriguez • Marsha A. Rodriguez • Gregory Rodriguez • Richard Rodriguez • David B. Rodriguez-Vargas • Matthew Rogan • Jean Roger • Karlie Rogers • Scott Rohner • Keith Roma • Joseph M. Romagnolo • Elvin Santiago Romero • James A. Romito • Sean Rooney

Garcia • Andrew Garcia • Cesar Garcia • David Garcia • Marlyn del Carmen Garcia • Christopher Gardner • Douglas B Gardner • Harvey J. Gardner • Thomas Gardner • Jeffrey B. Gardner • William Arthur Gardner • Francesco “Frank” Garfi • Nino Rocco Gargano • James

• Eric Thomas Ropiteau • Angela Rosario • Aida Rosario • Mark H. Rosen • Sheryl Lynn Rosenbaum • Brooke David Rosenbaum • Linda Rosenbaun • Mark Louis Rosenberg • Lloyd Daniel Rosenberg • Andrew I. Rosenblum • Joshua M. Rosenblum • Joshua A. Rosenthal

Gartenberg • Matthew David Garvey • Bruce Gary • Boyd A. Gatton • Donald R. Gavagan • Peter A. Gay • Terrence Gazzini • Gary Geidel • Paul Hamilton Geier • Julie Geis • Peter Gelinas • Steven P. Geller • Howard G. Gelling • Peter V. Genco • Steven Genovese •

• Richard David Rosenthal • Philip M. Rosenzweig • Daniel Rosetti • Richard Barry Ross • Daniel Rossetti • Norman Rossinow • Nicholas Rossomando • Michael Craig Rothberg • Mark Rothenberg • Donna M. Rothenberg • James M. Roux • Nick Rowe • Edward Veld

Alayne F. Gentul • Linda M. George • Edward Geraghty • Suzanne Geraty • Ralph Gerhardt • Denis P. Germain • Marina R. Gertsberg • Susan M. Getzendanner • Lawrence Daniel Getzfred • James Gerard Geyer • Cortez Ghee • Joseph M. Giaconne • Vincent F. Giammona

Rowenhorst • Judy Rowlett • Timothy Roy • Paul Ruback • Ronald J. Ruben • Joanne Rubino • Bart J. Ruggiere • Susan Ann Ruggiero • Adam K. Ruhalter • Gilbert Ruiz • Obdulio Ruiz-Diaz • Stephen P. Russell • Robert Errol Russell Sr. • Steven Harris Russin • Wayne

• Debra L. Gibbon • James Giberson • Craig Gibson • Brenda C. Gibson • Ronnie Gies • Laura Giglio • Timothy Paul Gilbert • Andrew Clive Gilbert • Paul G. Gilbey • Paul J. Gill • Mark Y. Gilles • Evan Hunter Gillette • Ronald Gilligan • Rodney Gillis • Laura Gilly •

Alan Russo • Michael Russo • William R. Ruth • Jonathan S. Ryan • Matthew Ryan • Edward Ryan • John J. Ryan • Christina Sunga Ryook • Thierry Saada • Jason Sabbag • Thomas Sabella • Scott H. Saber • Charles E. Sabin • Joseph Thomas Sacerdote • Jessica L. Sachs •

John Ginley • John Giordano • Jeffrey Giordano • Donna Marie Giordano • Steven A. Giorgetti • Martin Giovinazzo Jr. • Jinny Lady Giraldo • Kim Girolamo • Salvatore Gitto • Cynthia Giugliano • Mon Gjonbalaj • Dianne Gladstone • Keith Glascoe • Thomas I. Glasser •

Francis John Sadocha • Joud Elie Safi • Brock Safronoff • Edward Saiya • Marjorie C. Salamone • John Patrick Salamone • Juan Salas • Hernando R. Salas • Esmerlin Salcedo • John S. Salerno Jr. • Rahma Salie • Richard L. Salinardi • Wayne Saloman • Nolbert Salomon •

Edmund Glazer • Harry Glenn • Barry H. Glick • Jeremy Glick • Steven Lawrence Glick • John Gnazzo • William R. Godshalk • Michael Gogliornella • Brian Goldberg • Jeff Goldflam • Monica Goldstein • Michelle Herman Goldstein • Steven I. Goldstein • Ron Golinski

Catherine Salter • Frank Salvaterra • Paul R. Salvio • Samuel R. Salvo • Carlos Samaniego • Rena Sam-Dinnoo • John Paul Sammartino • Maryann Samone • James Kenneth Samuel Jr. • Michael V. San Phillip • Sylvia San Pio • Hugo Sanay-Perafiel • Jacquelyne P. Sanchez

• Andrew H. Golkin • Dennis J. Gomes • Max Gomez • Enrique Antonio Gomez • Jose B. Gomez • Wilder A. Gomez • Manuel Gomez Jr. • Rosa Julia Gonzalez • Joel Guevara Gonzalez • Mauricio Gonzalez • Tambi Gonzalez • Jenine Gonzalez • Lynn Goodchild • Calvin

• Erick Sanchez • Jesus Sanchez • Alva J. Sanchez • Eric Sand • Stacey Leigh Sanders • Herman Sandler • James Sands Jr. • Kirsten Janssen Santiago • Ayleen J. Santiago • Maria Theresa Santillan • Christopher Santora • John Santore • Mario Santoro • Rafael Humberto

J. Gooding • Harry Goody III • Kiran Gopu • Lisa Fenn Gordenstein • Kerene Gordon • Sebastian Gorki • Thomas E. Gorman • Kieran Gorman • Michael Edward Gould • Douglas A. Gowell • Yuji Goya • Jon Grabowski • Christopher Michael Grady • Edwin J. Graf III •

Santos • Jorge Octavio Santos Anaya • Victor Saracini • Kalyan K. Sarkar • Chapelle Sarker • Paul F. Sarle • Deepika Kumar Sattaluri • Gregory Saucedo • Susan Sauer • Anthony Savas • Vladimir Savinkin • Jackie Sayegh • John Sbarbaro • Dawn E. Scala • David Scales •

David M. Graifman • Gilbert Granados • Lauren Grandcolas • Elvira Granitto • Winston A. Grant • Christopher S. Gray • Ian J. Gray • James M. Gray • Linda Mair Grayling • Timothy Grazioso • John Michael Grazioso • Derrick Arthur Green • Wade Brian Green • Andrew

Robert L. Scandole • Michelle Scarpitta • Dennis Scauso • John A. Schardt • John G. Scharf • Fred Claude Scheffold Jr. • Angela Scheinberg • Scott M. Schertzer • Sean Schielke • Steven Francis Schlag • Robert Allan Schlegel • Jon S. Schlissel • Ian Schneider • Thomas

Peter Charles Curry Green • Gayle R. Greene • Donald F. Greene • James A. Greenleaf • Eileen M. Greenstein • Elizabeth “Lisa” Gregg • Florence Gregory • Denise Gregory • Donald H. Gregory • Pedro Grehan • Tawanna Griffin • John Michael Griffin • Joan D. Griffith

Gerard Schoales • Marisa Schorpp • Frank G. Schott • Gerard P. Schrang • Jeffrey Schreier • John T. Schroeder • Susan Kennedy Schuler • Edward W. Schunk • Mark Schurmeier • Mark Schwartz • John Schwartz • Clarin Schwartz • Allen Schwartzstein • Adriane Victoria

• Warren Grifka • Ramon Grihalvo • Ramon Grijalvo • Joseph F. Grillo • David Grimner • Francis E. Grogan • Linda Gronlund • Kenneth G. Grouzalis • Matthew J. Gryzmalski • Joseph Grzelak • Robert Joseph Gschaar • Liming Gu • Richard Guadagno • Jose Guadalupe

Scibetta • Raphael Scorca • Randolph Scott • Janice Scott • Christopher J. Scudder • Arthur Scullin • Michael Seaman • Margaret Walier Seeliger • Carlos Segarra • Jason Sekzer • Matthew Carmen Sellitto • Michael L. Selves • Howard Selwyn • Larry Senko • Frankie Serrano

• Yan Z. Guan • Geoffrey E. Guja • Joseph Gullickson • Babita Guman • Douglas Brian Gurian • Janet H. Gustafson • Philip T. Guza • Sabita Guzman • Barbara Guzzardo • Peter Gyulavary • Andrea Haberman • Barbara M. Habib • Paige Farley Hackel • Philip Haentzler

• Marian H. Serva • Alena Sesinova • Adele Sessa • Situ Sewnarine • Karen Lynn Seymour-Dietrich • Davis Sezna Jr. • Thomas Sgroi • Jayesh Shah • Khalid Mohammad Shahid • Mohammed Shajahan • Gary Shamay • Earl Richard Shanahan • Shiv Shankar • Dan Frederic

• Nizam Hafiz • Karen Hagerty • Steven Hagis • Mary Lou Hague • David Halderman • Maile Rachel Hale • Diane Hale-McKinzy • Vaswald Hall • Stanley Hall • Richard Hall • Robert John Halligan • Vincent Halloran • Carolyn Halmon • James D. Halvorson • Mohammad

Shanower • Neil Shastri • Kathryn Anne Shatzoff • Barbara A. Shaw • Jeffrey J. Shaw • Robert John Shay Jr. • Joseph Patrick Shea • Daniel James Shea • Kathleen Shearer • Michael Shearer • Linda Sheehan • Hagay Shefi • Terrance H. Shefield • Antoinette Sherman • John

Salman Hamdani • Felicia Hamilton • Robert Hamilton • Carl Max Hammond • Frederic Kim Han • Christopher James Hanley • Sean Hanley • Valerie Hanna • Thomas Hannafin • Kevin J. Hannaford • Michael L. Hannan • Dana Hannon • Christine Hanson • Peter Hanson

A. Sherry • Sean Shielke • Atsushi Shiratori • Thomas Shubert • Mark Shulman • See-Wong Shum • Allan Shwartzstein • Carmen Sierra • Johanna Sigmund • Dianne T. Signer • Gregory Sikorsky • Stephen Gerard Siller • David Silver • Craig A. Silverstein • Robert Francis

• Vassilios Haramis • James Haran • Gerald F. Hardacre • Jeffrey P. Hardy • Timothy J. Hargrave • Daniel Harlin • Frances Haros • Harvey Harrell • Stephen Gary Harrell Jr. • Aisha Harris • Stewart D. Harris • John Hart • Eric Samadikan Hartono • John C. Hartz • Emeric

Silwak • Nasima H. Simjee • Bruce Edward Simmons • George Simmons • Diane Simmons • Don Simmons • Arthur Simon • Paul Joseph Simon • Michael John Simon • Kenneth Simon • Marianne Simone • Barry Simowitz • Jane Louise Simpkin • Jeff Simpson • George

J. Harvey • Peter Hashem • Timothy Haskell • Thomas Haskell Jr. • Joseph John Hasson III • Terence S. Hatton • Leonard William Hatton • Michael Helmut Haub • Tim Haviland • Donald G. Havlish Jr. • Anthony Hawkins • Nobuhiro Hayatsu • James E. Hayden • Robert

V. Sims • Cheryle Sincock • Kamini Singh • Roshan R. Singh • Khamladai K. (Khami) Singh • Thomas Edison Sinton III • Peter A. Siracuse • Muriel F. Siskopoulos • Joseph M. Sisolak • John P. Skala • Francis J. Skidmore Jr. • Toyena C. Skinner • Paul Skrzypek • Christopher

J. Hayes • Philip Thomas Hayes • William Ward Haynes • Scott Hazelcorn • Michael K. Healey • Roberta Bernstein Heber • Charles Francis Xavier Heeran • John Heffernan • Michele Heidenberger • Sheila Hein • H. Joseph Heller • JoAnn L. Heltibridle • Ronald John

Paul Slattery • Vincent Slavin • Robert Sliwak • Paul K. Sloan • Stanley Smagala Jr. • Wendy L. Small • Gregg Harold Smallwood • Gary Smith • Sandra Fajardo Smith • Heather Lee Smith • Kevin J. Smith • Moira Smith • Joyce Smith • Rosemary Smith • James Gregory

Hemenway • Mark F. Hemschoot • Ronnie Lee Henderson • Janet Hendricks • Brian Henessey • Edward R. Hennessey • Brian Hennessey • John Henrickson • Michelle Marie Henrique • Joseph Patrick Henry • William Henry Jr. • John C. Henwood • Robert A. Hepburn •

Smith • George Eric Smith • Jeffrey Randall Smith • Daniel Laurence Smith • Cathy T. Smith • Karl Trumbull Smith • Leon Smith Jr. • Bonnie S. Smithwick • Rochelle M. Snell • Laura Marie Snik • Christine Anne Snyder • Dianne Snyder • Leonard J. Snyder Jr. • Astrid

Mary “Molly” Herencia • Lindsay Coates Herkness III • Claribel Hernandez • Raul Hernandez • Eduardo Hernandez • Norberto Hernandez • Gary Herold • Jeffrey A. Hersch • Thomas Hetzel • Brian Hickey • Ysidro Hidalgo-Tejada • Timothy Higgins • Robert D.W. Higley

Elizabeth Sohan • Sushil Solanki • Ruben Solares • Naomi Solomon • Daniel W. Song • Mari-Rae Sopper • Michael Sorresse • Fabian Soto • Timothy P. Soulas • Gregory T. Spagnoletti • Donald F. Spampinato Jr. • Thomas Sparacio • John Anthony Spataro • Robert Spear Jr.

II • Todd Russell Hill • Clara V. Hinds • Neal Hinds • Mark Hindy • Heather Ho • Thomas A. Hobbs • Tara Y. Hobbs • James L. Hobin • Robert Wayne Hobson • Robert Hobson III • DaJuan Hodges • Ronald Hoerner • Patrick A. Hoey • John Hofer • Michele L. Hoffman •

• Robert Speisman • Maynard S. Spence Jr. • Robert Andrew Spencer • George E. Spencer III • Mary Ru

Frederick J. Hoffman • Joseph Hoffman • Stephen G. Hoffman • Marcia Hoffman • Judith Florence Hofmiller • Wallace Cole Hogan Jr. • Thomas Warren Hohlweck • Jonathan R. Hohmann • Cora Hidalgo Holland • John Holland • Joseph Francis Holland III • Jimmie Ira

Holley • Elizabeth Holmes • Thomas Holohan • Herbert W. Homer • LeRoy Wilton Homer Jr. • Brad Hoorn • James Hopper • Montgomery McCullough Hord • Michael Horn • Matthew D. Horning • Robert L. Horohoe Jr. • Michael R. Horrocks • Aaron Horwitz • Malverse

Houscal • Uhuru Gonja Houston • Charles J. Houston • Angela Marie Houtz • George G. Howard • Brady Kay Howell • Steven L. Howell • Michael C. Howell • Jennifer Howley-Dorsey • Milagros Hromada • Marian Hrycak • Stephen Huczko • Timothy Robert Hughes •

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Paul R. Hughes • Melissa H. Hughes • Kris R. Hughes • Thomas F. Hughes Jr. • Robert T. Hughes Jr. • Susan Huie • Lamar Hulse • Nicholas Humber • Kathleen Hunt • William Christopher Hunt • Joseph Hunter • Peggie Hurt • Robert R. Hussa • Stephen Neil Hyland •

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N. Jarret • Mohammed Jawara • Maxima Jean-Pierre • Francois Jean-Pierre • Paul E. Jeffers • John Jenkins • Alan K. Jensen • Prem Nath Jerath • Farah Jeudy • Hweidar Jian • Luis Jimenez Jr. • Luis Jiminez Jr. • Eliezer Jiminez Jr. • Charles Gregory John • Scott Johnson •

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Jeanette LaFond-Menichino • David LaForge • Michael P. Laforte • Alan Lafranco • Juan Lafuente • Neil K. Lai • Vincent A. Laieta • William David Lake • Franco Lalama • Chow Kwan Lam • Michael Scott Lamana • Steven LaMantia • Amy Lamonsoff • Robert T. Lane •

Roseanne P. Lang • Brendan Lang • Vanessa Langer • Mary Lou Langley • Peter Langone • Thomas Langone • Michelle B. Lanza • Ruth S. Lapin • Carol Ann LaPlante • Ingeborg Astrid Desiree Lariby • Robin Blair Larkey • Judy Larocque • Christopher Randall Larrabee •

Hamidou S. Larry • Scott Larsen • John Adam Larson • Natalie Janis Lasden • Gary E. Lasko • Nicholas C. Lassman • Paul Laszczynski • Amarnath Latchman • Jeffrey Latouche • Stephen James Lauria • Maria Lavache • Denis Lavelle • Jeannine M. Laverde • Anna Laverty

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Levine • Shai Levinhar • Daniel M. Lewin • Margaret S. Lewis • Kenneth Lewis • Jennifer Gore Lewis • Adam J. Lewis • Ye Wei Liang • Orasri Liangthanasarn • Daniel F. Libretti • Ralph Licciardi • Edward Lichtschein • Samantha Lightbourn-Allen • Steven B. Lillianthal

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Lopez • Maclovio Lopez Jr. • Chet Louie • Stuart Louis • Joseph Lovero • Sara Low • Michael W. Lowe • Garry Lozier • John Peter Lozowsky • Charles Peter Lucania • Charles Luciana • Edward H. Luckett II • Mark G. Ludvigsen • Lee Charles Ludwig • Sean T. Lugano •

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ONE YEAR LATER SPECIAL EDITION

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

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Lee • Hyun-joon Lee • Jong-min Lee • Yang-der Lee • Myoung W. Lee • Richard Yun Choon Lee • David S. Lee • Dong C. Lee • Stuart Lee • Daniel John Lee • Kathryn Lee • Stephen Lefkowitz • Adriana Legro • Edward Lehman • Eric Andrew Lehrfeld • David Ralph Leistman

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• Robert Lawrence • Nathaniel Lawson • David W. Laychak • Eugene Lazar • James Leahy • Joseph G. Leavey • Neil J. Leavy • Robert LeBlanc • Leon Lebor • Kenneth Charles Ledee • Alan Lederman • Elena Ledesma • Alexis Leduc • Lorraine Lee • Juanita Lee • Gary H.

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Ianelli • Anabel Hernandez • Gary Robert Haag • Wanda A. Green • Robert J. Gerlich • Fredric Gabler • Rufino Condrado F. Santos • Andrew Jay-Hoom Kim • Robert King Jr. • Kathryn L. LaBorie • Andrew LaCorte • Ganesh Ladkat • James P. Ladley • Joseph LaFalce •

INDIANA DAILY STUDENT

Koestner • Ryan Kohart • Vanessa Lynn Kolpak • Irina Kolpakova • Suzanne Kondratenko • Abdoulaye Kone • Bonseok Koo • Dorota Kopiczko • Scott Kopytko • Bojan Kostic • Danielle Kousoulis • David P. Kovalcin • John J. Kren • William Krukowski • Lyudmila Ksido

Daniel Lugo • Jin Lui • Marie Lukas • William Lum Jr. • Michael P. Lunden • Christopher E. Lunder • Anthony Luparello • Gary Lutnick • Linda Luzzicone • Alexander Lygin • CeeCee Lyles • James Lynch • Sean P. Lynch • Farrell Peter Lynch • Terence Michael Lynch •

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Kirby • Barry Kirschbaum • Glenn Kirwin • Richard Joseph Klares • Peter Klein • Alan D. Kleinberg • Karen Joyce Klitzman • Ronald Philip Kloepfer • Eugeuni Kniazev • Andrew Knox • Thomas P. Knox • Rebecca Lee Koborie • Deborah Kobus • Gary Koecheler • Frank J.

• Carlos Lillo • Craig Damian Lilore • Arnold A. Lim • Weirong Lin • Darya Lin • Tomas Gallegos Linares • Nickie Lindo • Thomas V. Linehan Jr. • Robert Linnane • Alansan Linton • Diane T. Lipari • Kenneth P. Lira • Lorraine Lisi • Vincent Litto • Ming-Hao Liu • Joseph

Michael Kiefer • Lawrence Kim • Don Kim • Mary Kimelman • Susan Kim-Hanson • Heinrich Kimmig • Karen A. Kincaid • Amy King • Lucille King • Andrew Marshall King • Lisa Rodriguez King • Lisa M. King-Johnson • Brian Kinney • Takashi Kinoshita • Chris Michael

Livera • Nancy Liz • Harold Lizcano • Martin Lizzul • George A. Llanes • Elizabeth Claire Logler • Catherine L. Loguidice • Jerome Robert Lohez • Michael W. Lomax • Steve Long • Laura M. Longing • Salvatore Lopes • Manuel Lopez • George Lopez • Daniel Lopez • Luis

Peter Rodney Kellerman • Joseph P. Kellett • Frederick H. Kelley • James Joseph Kelly • Timothy Kelly • Maurice Patrick Kelly • Joseph Kelly • Thomas M. Kelly • Thomas R. Kelly • Thomas W. Kelly • Richard Kelly Jr. • William Hill Kelly Jr. • Thomas J. Kennedy • Yvonne

• David P. Lemagne • Joseph A. Lenihan • John J. Lennon • John Robinson Lenoir • Robert Lenoir • Jorge Luis Leon • Matthew G. Leonard • Michael Lepore • Charles A. Lesperance • Jeffrey Earl LeVeen • John Dennis Levi • Neil D. Levin • Alisha Caren Levin • Robert

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• Robert M. Kaulfers • Don J. Kauth Jr. • Hideya Kawauchi • Edward T. Keane • Richard Michael Keane • Lisa Kearney-Griffin • Donna Kearns • Karol Keasler • Paul H. Keating • Barbara Keating • Leo Russell Keene • Brenda Kegler • Chandler Keller • Joseph J. Keller •

• Toshiya Kuge • Shekhar Kumar • Kenneth Kumpel • Frederick Kuo Jr. • Patricia Kuras • Nauka Kushitani • Thomas Kuveikis • Victor Kwarkye • Kui Fai Kwok • Angela R. Kyte • Shashi Kiran Kadaba • Sheldon R. Kanter • Charles L. Kasper • Virginia Jablonski • Joseph

• Shari Kandell • Vincent Kane • Jennifer L. Kane • Howard Lee Kane • Joon Koo Kang • Robin Kaplan • Deborah H. Kaplan • Alvin Peter Kappelman Jr. • Charles H. Karczewski • William Anthony Karnes • Douglas G. Karpiloff • Andrew Keith Kates • John Katsimatides

Kennedy • Robert C. Kennedy • John Keohane • Ralph Kershaw • Ronald Kerwin • Howard Lee Kestenbaum • Douglas Ketcham • Ruth E. Ketler • Boris Khalif • Sarah Khan • Norma Khan • Taimour Khan • Rajesh Khandelwal • Bhowamie Devi Khemraj • Seilai Khoo •

Lashawna Johnson • Dennis M. Johnson • William Johnston • Donald W. Jones • Linda Jones • Mary S. Jones • Allison Horstmann Jones • Charles E. Jones • Judith Jones • Brian Jones • Christopher Jones • Donald Thomas Jones II • Arthur J. Jones III • Robert T. Jordan • Andrew Jordan • Mark S. Jordan • Stephen Joseph • Karl Joseph • Ingeborg Joseph • Jane Eileen Josiah • Anthony Jovic • Angel L. Juarbe Jr. • Karen Hawley Juday • The Rev. Mychal Judge • Ann Campana Judge • Ricknauth Juggernauth • Paul W. Jurgens • Thomas E. Jurgens

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• Doug Irgang • Kristy Irvine Ryan • Todd A. Isaac • Eric Isbrandtsen • William Iselepis Jr. • Taizo Ishikawa • Waleed Iskandar • Aram Iskenderian Jr. • John Iskyan • Kazushige Ito • Aleksandr Valeryerich Ivantsov • Lacey Ivory • Bryan C. Jack • Brooke Jackman • Ariel Jacobs • Aaron Jacobs • Jason K. Jacobs • Michael Grady Jacobs • Steven A. Jacobson • Steven D. Jacoby • Ricknauth Jaggernauth • Jake Jagoda • Yudh V.S. Jain • Maria Jakubiak • Robert A. Jalbert • Gricelda E. James • Ernest James • Catherine James • Mark Jardin • Amy

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Robert J. Hymel • Walter Hynes • Thomas Hynes • Zuhtu Ibis • Jonathan Lee Ielpi • Michael Patrick Iken • Daniel Ilkanayev • Frederick Ill Jr. • Abraham Ilowitz • Anthony Peter Infante Jr. • Louis Inghilterra • Christopher N. Ingrassia • Paul W. Innella • Stephanie V. Irby

EDITOR’S NOTE

9/11 CONTENTS

Taking you there and back again his story has touched everyone, and we knew it would from the moment we began covering it one year ago. Circled around our tiny television, we were paralyzed like the rest of the IU community. We worked on the story – one eye on the computer screen, one peering at round-the-clock reports. Now it’s Sept. 11, 2002 – a year has passed, emotions have settled, American flags are fading in the sun and we’re picking up the pieces. The stories have changed. The once unwavering support for the War on Terror isn’t as concrete. Victims are angry and asking for answers. The financial back of our country continues to slump. In fact, many people are sick of Sept. 11 references. It’s the anniversary of the greatest tragedy of our lives. How are we to mark the day? We’ve been searching since March for an answer. On a day where most of the world will again stop and televisions in every language will pay homage to the 2,999 victims, we’re taking you back to Sept. 11, 2001, and then bringing the story home. Our world has changed. We set out in these 12 pages to tell you how and more importantly, why, with a focus on those people you know. Reporters Elise LeBlanc and Emily Veach report on how a Lower Manhattan college rebuilt as destruction bared down outside its front door, while a series of stories talk about IU and how it ebbed and flowed with the rest of the world during the past 12 months. LeBlanc and Veach, who spent a week in New York along with photographer Nick Kapke, profile a city fire company that lost five brothers trying to rescue thousands of others when the towers collapsed. Reporter Josh Sanburn looks at how junior Jessie Moskal has coped with the death of her father in the World Trade Center, and reporter Holly Johnson talks to Bloomington firefighters who felt powerless Sept. 11, 2001. It’s all an effort to tell this national story with a local focus. There’s always a Hoosier involved, as you’ll soon realize. And this story that has changed so many lives, goes straight through ours.

Taking you there. New York’s Wall of Tears . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Future of WTC site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 WTC rebuilding proposals . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ground Zero column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Street performers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Selling out Sept. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 New York changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Manhattan college rebuilds . . . . . . . . . . 5 Washington, D.C. reflections . . . . . . . . . 5 NYC church draws mourners . . . . . . . . . 5 10 House firefighters cope . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Bringing it home. Local firefighters offer support . . . . . . 6-7 Campus awakes to tragedy . . . . . . . . . . 8 Remembering where you were . . . . . . . . 8 Indiana limestone contributes . . . . . . . . 8 Blood rush subsides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Searching for a sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 SPEA students at Pentagon . . . . . . . . . . 9 Families give $50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Faith under fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Family dynamics evolve . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ROTC enrollment doubles . . . . . . . . . . .11 Peace camp runs its course . . . . . . . . . 11 Study abroad impacted . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

THOMAS E. FRANKLIN • ASSOCIATED PRESS/THE RECORD

Firefighters raise a flag at the World Trade Center in New York on Sept. 11, 2001, in one of the most defining images of the attacks.

Reflections. Community members share . . . . . . . . . 12

How the IDS chronicled 365 days of living in a different world

Aaron Sharockman Editor in Chief

9/11 STAFF Editor in Chief Aaron Sharockman

, 2001 Sept. 11

Project Coordinator

ion ial Sect c e p S 2 Sept. 1

nt page o r F 2 1 . Sept

Cory Schouten Managing Editors Kathryn Helmke, Amy Orringer Taking you there team Nick Kapke, Elise LeBlanc, Emily Veach Bringing it home team Adam Aasen, Mitch Blacher, Elizabeth Crosbie, Zach Dobson, Maura Halpern, Holly Johnson, Jamie Lusk, George Lyle IV, Stacey Palevsky, Ashley Rhodebeck, Josh Sanburn, Alli Stolper, Samantha Thompson, Dan Uress, Adam VanOsdol Creative team Jeremy Cook, Jane Charney, Ben Cunningham, Kristen Hayes, Ben Howard, Jennifer Middleton,

2001 Oct. 8,

hs later t n o m Six

Today

s journalists, we’re always looking for the big story. It seems each year at the Indiana Daily Student brings at least one. In the past few years, those big stories have included the death of Herman B Wells, the installment of a new chancellor and the Final Four. And for Hoosiers, how could a story be any bigger than the firing of Bob Knight? Big enough, that as the week of Sept. 11 began, we were scurrying to put together a special section on the one year anniversary of Knight’s firing – Sept. 10, 2001. So that Monday we were grateful for a relatively slow news day. Our top story for the Sept. 11 edition was whether the state’s financial troubles would mean cuts for IU and a tuition hike for students. Our front page featured a photo of IU President Myles Brand, in a candid moment with students. It’s amazing to think this is what students picked up from our boxes the morning of Sept. 11. In fact, we’d be surprised if anyone remembers that edition. All over campus that morning, students were turning to other media. And our newsroom looked much the same. We huddled around TVs, called our families and alternated between feelings of shock, rage and disbelief. It took a while to sink in we’d have to cover the story. But it was not only our job. For many of us, it was the only way to cope. And for a day at least, our profession, finding and telling stories, seemed noble to everyone. That day, the world, our campus and the way we make a newspaper, changed. Sept. 11 became ingrained in our vernacular. Seemingly every story included a reference. We referred to Sept. 11 in more than 575 stories in the last 365 days. Classes popped up to deal with the issue. Lectures discussed the War on Terror, anthrax and the worldwide response. We assigned two reporters the full time task of reporting on Sept. 11. It was part of our effort to bring you the most up-to-date and relevant news on a story that impacted us all. Today’s special edition is simply a continuation of that ideal.

WWW.IDSNEWS.COM Our Web staff has created an interactive site on the one year anniversary of Sept. 11 with the same themes as today’s special print edition. Check it out to read longer versions of the stories you see here, links to past coverage and web exclusive stories and photo galleries. Find a link at our home page.

“If tears could build a stairway, and memories a lane, I’d walk right up to heaven and bring you home again.”

You could never imagine until you’ve been there round Zero takes up two city blocks. This statement lacks meaning until you understand the term “concrete jungle” is the most accurate description of New York City you will ever have. In a city where trees are a rare commodity, space is nonexistent and you’re more likely to look up and see a skyscraper than the sky, it’s a punch in the gut to round the corner to see – emptiness. It feels more like a magic trick than reality. You half expect David Copperfield to slide up from behind you, tell you it’s an illusion and that after you cut the deck, he can make it reappear. But on Sept. 11, terrorists made it permanently disappear, and the country was left to clean up the nightmare left behind. Ground Zero no longer looks like the mountain of hellish debris we watched on CNN. Once you shuffle through the line that winds half way Elise LeBlanc around the block and is a senior make your way up to the majoring in viewing dock, you peer journalism. over the ledge to see a scene that looks like it’s from a James Bond movie. From a semi-aerial view, you can see cement trucks, vans and cranes, all kicking up what appears to be miniscule tufts of dust and you wonder what, specifically, they’re up to. What was once the foundation of the World Trade Center has now been reduced to dirt and is, for the most part, completely smooth. The walls of the seven-story quarry have been torn out, revealing layers of structural cake that was once a parking garage. One can count stories by tallying the horizontal red beams remaining at each level. Massive metal spotlights tower over the workstation, shedding light on the unpleasant subject matter below so construction can continue around the clock. Workers running around at the bottom look like tiny ants. One has to wonder if that many “ants” could fit into the gaping hole, how many more of them could fit into, and flee from, the two World Trade Centers. How many of them were reduced to their most base, animalistic instincts as they scrambled to escape with their lives? Miles of tarps were set up on surrounding buildings from where windows had been blown out and plane parts had slammed into it and, again, one has to wonder what was it like for the tiny but significant person standing near the windows as sheer force and metal blasted through their glass wall and their lives? Thoughts that never occurred to me before rushed in all at once, making me mentally strangled and eager to leave. While winding my way out of the viewing area, I passed a woman standing midstream in the human traffic flow. People parted around her as she admonished her mother to stop taking pictures of the site. “You realize those pictures aren’t going to capture anything near what it is, don’t you?” the woman said, as she escorted her mom away. Which is absolutely true – the only things people will probably see in their photographs are blurry fence lines and a construction site. Even though I saw Ground Zero in person, I felt cheated out of the full comprehension of what happened – no matter how horrific that comprehension may have been. I was hoping to have some sort of reality hit home that I couldn’t get in Indiana, but the emotions didn’t spring from the “improved” Ground Zero. They came from the memorials set up on its outskirts. From pictures pinned to fences. From the miles of tarp streaming down surrounding buildings, masking the scars where windows were blown in. From the street vendors who were profiting from death. From survivors who recounted their experiences in such vivid detail you would think it happened yesterday. From visitors who had come in from all over the world to mourn the loss. From New Yorkers, who have – through perseverance and Rubbermaid attitudes – recovered their lives and now serve as a beacon to friends and middle finger to foes who would make futile attempts to destroy the freedom we cherish.

– Engraved on “Wall of Tears”

NICK KAPKE • IDS

Visitors look over pictures, poems and flowers that make up the Wall of Tears memorial in New York City’s Battery Park.

This wall does speak Memorials trigger emotions in visitors and New Yorkers By Elise LeBlanc Indiana Daily Student

NEW YORK – “If tears could build a stairway, and memories a lane, I’d walk right up to heaven and bring you home again.” These words are engraved on a gray slab of rock, along with the initials “ASD” scratched into the bottom right-hand corner. It’s propped up against a memorial aptly named the “Wall of Tears,” located in Battery Park. The wall is hard to miss because it’s marked by a police department, fire department and U.S. flag, which are all secured to a tall pole that sways in the breeze but is weighed down by giant, cream-colored con-

crete blocks with law enforcement emblems painted on the sides. Beneath the flags and awning lie gifts to the deceased. Patches of the paramedic, fire, police and port authority departments that came from all over the world to help, plaques, helmets, baby shoes, caps, T-shirts, stuffed animals, posters, mugs, rosaries, flowers, candles, badges, jackets, notes, happy birthday cards, and water and beer bottles line the base and are posted on the wall. Handsome men and women smile out from posed and impromptu photos – crinkle lines still gracing their timeless faces and life still dancing in their eternally twinkling eyes. But the memorial that jars the fresh attention of new visitors has now become part of a daily routine and life for New Yorkers. Their emotions appear to be worn down as they walk, jog and rollerblade by the memorial, giving it a cursory glance at best.

Businessmen and women nearby dine on tables fashioned out of the same gray and pink flecked marble material that makes up the wall set up not 40 feet away. Employees of the neighboring MerrillLynch and Mercantile Exchange buildings sit on stylish metal patio chairs and enjoy the scenery of an area of town that used to be closed off as a crime scene. Park enforcement official John Kaiser says at first the wall was a shrine for families and friends, but is now primarily visited by tourists. Kaiser, who inquires about the status of Bob Knight, has endearing gaps in his teeth, gray sideburns and dark stubble as rough as his voice. He wears a green shirt, hiking boots, black shorts weighed down by 20 pounds worth of equipment and FILA shades that disguise his eyes. His authoritative front is belied by a patient willingness to answer visitors’ ques-

tions repeatedly and on a daily basis. Enforcement officials alternate shifts supervising the memorial, although they aren’t too concerned about someone damaging the memorial because no one has ever vandalized it. Brendan Touhey, who works in the Mercantile Exchange, says he has to pass a memorial everyday. In his building is a memorial dedicated to 12 people from his office who died when they attended an annual meeting in the World Trade Center. New York resident Paul Higgins, who was standing near the wall when the World Trade Center collapsed, says New Yorkers don’t bypass memorials out of apathy, but out of fear. “It’s difficult for people to talk about and even more difficult for them to come here,” Higgins says. “It scares me to relive what happened. It’s still unpleasant for me to think about.”

Concept designs for the World Trade Center site

New York & New Jersey Port Authority

Memorial Plaza

Memorial Square

Memorial Triangle

Memorial Garden

Memorial Park

Memorial Promenade

Tallest building is 79 stories 18 acres of park space 2 footprints of former towns

Tallest building is 80 stories 24 acres of park space

Tallest building is 85 stories 13 acres of park space Memorial on site where towers stood

Tallest building is 86 stories 6.8 acres of park space 4 smaller buildings

5 towers Obelisk on site where towers stood

2 buildings, each 63 stories 4 smaller 32-story buildings 26 acres of green space

Source: www.renewnyc.com

KURTIS BEAVERS • IDS

Future of Ground Zero remains in question Visitors and city agree that a memorial should be part of any final plan By Emily Veach Indiana Daily Student

NEW YORK – They come from all over the world to prove to themselves that it’s real. Day after day, thousands of tourists shuffle along the viewing platform on the edge of Ground Zero. It’s a perpetual wake to mourn the dead and quantify the chaos. The macabre march is filled with discussion about the site’s future. The city has six plans for the site, all including a memorial, some larger than others. Some would set aside the acre-wide footprints of the Twin Towers as part of the memorial park. Complete strangers stand shoulder-toshoulder behind the fence separating them from the sharp cliff and seven-story hole. With a box of tissues tucked under his arm, George Stoddard sweeps his silvergray hair back across his forehead, making his way out from under the scaffolding leading up to the viewing platform. Stoddard works at 50 Rockefeller Center, seven miles from Ground Zero and with tears in his eyes he recalled seeing the planes hit as he looked south on Fifth Avenue. It was his first time visiting the site. “I wasn’t sure if I was going to need them,” he says, the tissue stuck by tears to his right hand. NYPD Officer Steve Donnelly wears a black mourning band over his silver badge as he patrols around the site. Donnelly will wear the band in honor of those who died

NICK KAPKE • IDS

The perimeter of the World Trade Center site is blocked off by a chainlink fence that allows visitors to view the work going on from a safe distance. until someone makes him take it off, he said. The mood around Ground Zero is always a somber one. Donnelly said he is there to keep the peace – even though there are never any incidents. “Not here, never.” Posing for photographs with tourists with a grin on his face, Donnelly expresses his thoughts about the rebuilding and memorial plans. “It should be some type of memorial. It’s a gravesite,” Donnelly says. “It’s difficult to come here every day.” Everyone who passes the site wonders what seeds will be planted on the WTC footprints. “It should not be another building,” says

Pauline Bartley-Brown, visiting from London. “I don’t think people could go back to work in the same space these people died in. It should be a memorial. No one should work there again.” Sandra Heron, traveling with BartleyBrown, says the site should be rebuilt. “The spirit of the people was that they were working,” Heron says. “The spirits want to go back to work. If I want to memorialize, I go back to work.” All six proposed plans facilitate the business needs of Lower Manhattan, which lost thousands of jobs and nearly seven million square feet ot business space because of the attacks.

The city said it hopes to present a final plan by year’s end. Kirk Atkinson, visiting Ground Zero with his daughter Megan, says the memorial should dominate the new landscape of Lower Manhattan. “A good 50 percent should be some type of memorial as well as some type of office building to get back in business,” Atkinson says. Edwin Cruz, from the fire department of Humacau, Puerto Rico, looks across the sea of badges, T-shirts, flowers and other memorabilia on the wrought-iron fence around the nearby churches. “There should be a memorial for the people,” he says. Cruz was in town visiting his cousin. Many families were drawn to New York after Sept. 11 to visit relatives or to spend time together. The DeLucia and Wergiles families of Muttentain, N.Y. brought their children to the city even though they knew their kids would not fully grasp that site’s impact. “It’s a good experience for the kids even though they don’t understand the scope of it,” Diana Delucia says. “They can see the ugliness.” Jordan Wergiles, 5, straightens up quickly and his eyes became fixed on the ground when he spoke about the tragedy. “Osama bin Laden had a bomb,” he says. “(The site) looks dead and broken, and there was fire in the buildings and smoke. It’s very sad because the people died.” Nick DeLucia, 7, looks over his shoulder at Ground Zero. His small eyes couldn’t see half of the devastation that took place there. “They were big buildings,” he says.

New York different this time around A

s our airplane made the gradbecome etched in my mind after ual turn to the north toward almost a full year of television coverLaGuardia Airport in Queens, age of the rescue, clean-up and it gradually came into view – the void rebuilding efforts. As the days after the that used to be the World Trade tragedy turned into months the site Center, windows formerly glistening went from stories of twisted metal to a brilliantly in the midday sun. construction site. That’s when the reality sunk As I made my way to the in – the city I had grown to site I passed under at least a love had been wounded and full city block of scaffolds. was no longer the same. Now a memorial, what was Visiting New York City left of the 10 House fire stabefore Sept. 11, 2001, tion slowed the line down as always brought a great deal everyone stopped to pay of excitement. I would go to respects. visit family and friends, and Ground Zero was most I would take friends from accurately described to me Emily Veach home to share with them the by a NYPD officer many wonders of “The City is a senior patrolling who patrols the that Never Sleeps.” But this majoring in area every day. “It’s a journalism and visit was different. gravesite,” he said with a political science. I boarded an airplane in serious, somber face. Indianapolis early one Describing what the twin Wednesday morning with two fellow towers looked like was a difficult task. journalists, neither of whom had ever When the question was posed to me, I been to NYC. Since I was familiar said to look for a moment at the tallest with the city, I was the designated buildings around … then imagine two navigator for our trip. more buildings twice as tall as the The World Trade Center was so tallest you can see. They were so big many things to so many people. they took up two city blocks. Among other things, to me, it was a Being back in the city was not as symbol of the great strength, or abilidifferent as I had envisioned it would ty, of our country. I would stand at the be. New Yorkers had never come off bottom of the towers and gaze upward as unpleasant to me, but now people in awe of the giant structures piercing seem to have found a little extra time the clouds above my head. to help a stranger or point a tourist in The first time I was on my own in the right direction. People still walk as NYC, I memorized certain landmarks if there is always somewhere to be, that would serve as a guide so I could but they should’ve been there five just look to the tallest buildings in minutes ago. The police sirens still sight and have an idea of my location. screamed. The big black Lincoln Eventually, I learned the order (or dis- Towncars still dominated the streets order) of the streets and avenues, but and managed to parallel park into the towers were still a reliable spaces I couldn’t get into with a resource when wandering out of a dif- Honda Civic. ferent Subway exit every time. I have heard comparisons of trips Before we arrived I found myself to New York City, Washington, DC wondering what my new point of refand Pennsylvania after Sept. 11 to a erence would be, and I concluded that pilgrimage; a quest to one’s holy land. without the towers I would be like a In a way, the physical locations where sailor without her North Star. the planes struck will forever be I did not know what to expect. reminders of what used to be. That is, From speaking with loved ones in the feeling of safety and security, of and around the city, I knew people omnipotence and pride that were had been back to work for some time, taken for granted one year ago. But and I knew the city, as well as the the terrorists did not accomplish their entire nation, was recovering. But it goals on Sept. 11, 2001. Our pride was still going to be a different city. grew stronger. Our nation came The image of Ground Zero had together. We will keep going.

Shaking it off Group activities are therapeutic on stressful days in the big city By Elise LeBlanc Indiana Daily Student

NEW YORK – Primitive pounding pulsates through Central Park, vibrating through the ground and up through the chest until it feels like your lungs have become drums. People from around the park drift to the source of the infectious beat, which turns out to be the weekly Djembe – a jam session with African instruments. As the music troupe plays at an exhausting pace, New Yorkers are stripping off extraneous clothing to dance to the music, taking time out to focus on sensations other than honking horns and neon lights. Thaemus Maharriyamee, a spiritual healer, who looked like a cross between Daddy Warbucks and Yul Brenner, spent hours stepping in time to the music and said Sept. 11 sparked a spirit and unity in our country that had dissipated over past years. “This is a chance to get natural and get in touch with the spiritual,” said drummer ‘Jungle Boy.’ “This is America, and people need to relax and heal. It’s an opportunity to take the stress off.” Djembe is not an elite party by any means – it’s a blur of work suits, Jamaican headbands, shell necklaces, married couples, braless women, comb-overs, sweat stains, dreds, tie die, rolled-up pants and both

professional and rhythmically-challenged dancers. “I know how to shake, but it takes more than rhythm to do what they’re doing,” said 9-year-old Jazz Hooks, Jr., displaying the only shimmy in his repertoire. Even bystanders are at least tapping their feet in time and beaming at the dancers’flailing limbs and carefree abandonment. Ronald Derisca expelled cigarette smoke into the dusk air as he said in his Haitian accent “I think it’s great. I watch them from time to time every year – it’s happy people.” Some of Djembe’s regulars say they’ve been waiting all year for the temperature to get warm again so they could come out and dance their worries away. Jazz Allen Hooks describes it as a multicultural “mecca” where people of every age, race and culture come together. “Music is universal – it’s a form of therapy,” Hooks said. “You don’t care about anything. You’re here to have fun and communicate through movements. Communication can bring about understanding and trust, and everything else doesn’t even matter.” Maharriyamee said using this type of meditation can help people to see beyond the tragedy. “I think through a resurrection of the spirits, we learned to take the positive from it and not the negative,” Maharriyamee said. “It was a great purification for our country. It taught us humility and compassion, and if we’re wise, we’ll learn from it.”

PHOTOS BY NICK KAPKE • IDS

TOP – Street performers Noah Todd and Jennifer Dinioa begin their performance for a small crowd at Central Parks Bethesda Fountain with a balancing act. Todd and Dinioa incorporate a healthy regimin of humor into their performances to attract more of an audience. ABOVE – Shaka Zambezi, A.K.A ‘Jungle Boy’, dances to the rhythm created by the nearly 20 drums that surround him in New York’s Central Park.

‘In times of struggle, art forms reach higher levels’

Selling out Sept. 11 One item shows WTC demise in flip-book By Elise LeBlanc Indiana Daily Student

Entertainers help people cope with surrounding tragedies By Nick Kapke Indiana Daily Student

NEW YORK – Union Square Park is nestled near the heart of New York City’s Greenwich Village. Students, skaters, bums and executives can be found talking, sleeping or reading the paper all within this acreand-a-half of green space. The scene is reminiscent of a tropical fish tank with individuals from all walks of life, but only one of these types of “fish” can make people gather with awe: the street performer. Street performing is one of NYC resident Noah Todd’s livelihoods. His desire to entertain came partly as a result of Sept. 11. “It kick-started me,” Todd said. “It made myself, and others, realize that if you are not doing what you love, what the hell are you doing?” Aside from having an opportunity to do what he loves, Todd likes to facilitate interaction between those who stop to watch. “Out here,” he said, “you can pull two strangers out of the audience, make them share a laugh, and hug as a part of your performance. That would never happen otherwise.” Breaking down the barriers between people comes as a personal

NICK KAPKE • IDS

Adrienne Long, Samantha Brown and Nichole Shepard stop into one of many souvenir shops along New York’s Times Square in search of a NYFD T-shirt.

NICK KAPKE • IDS

Jennifer Latog laughs at one of Noah Todd’s jokes during a performance at New York City’s Central Park. goal for Todd. “It brings people out of their shells and breaks the separation between individuals,” he said. But Todd doesn’t do this alone. Jennifer Dinioa, who performs with Todd on a regular basis, also relates to street performing in this manner. But she said she feels it is also for herself as much as it is

for the audience. While wiping the baby powder off her hands from a previous performance, she said that “performing helps (her) connect to the light side of existence and relate an exaggerated, humorous truth about living.” Dinioa said laughter in times of hardship is crucial, serving as a

release for the day-to-day stresses people let bottle up. “In times of struggle, art forms reach higher levels and seem to have more profound meaning,” Dinioa said. “It was a slap in the face to make me realize this is part of my role as a street performer. To help people cope with laughter.”

NEW YORK – While “collateral damage” typically refers to additional, physical destruction, the definition has to be expanded to include the major thorn jabbing into New Yorkers’ psyche – street vendors who have set up a cramped camp along the outskirts of Ground Zero. “(Sept. 11) definitely still affects a lot of people in a lot of ways,” said Linda Neu, a resident of Woodstock, N.Y. “I feel sad for the people that were there – people that could even now be in ashes under the stones.” With this in mind, it’s difficult to round the corner after leaving Ground Zero and be confronted with an onslaught of Sept. 11 merchandise. The tragedy is being marketed in much the same way as the Final Four, except there are infinitely more vendors jammed onto the street. The athletics department had more tact. “Buy 1, Get One Free” T-shirts, photos, brochures, booklets, hats and posters – a foam finger’s only missing. One photo album depicts the WTC demise in an accurate but grotesque chronological, flip-book type sequence. “I think it’s terrible, making money off the misery of others,” NYPD officer Steven Donnelly said. “It’s terrible, and they shouldn’t be allowed over here. Things have been done about it. If they don’t have proper licenses, if they’re not in a proper space, they aren’t allowed to be over here.” Several Sept. 11 vendors defended

their jobs by pointing to the inside jacket of brochures, which said some of the proceeds went to the Learn About America Fund. IU alumnus Joon Park, who recently moved into an apartment building across the street from Ground Zero, said he sees the circus de’ tourists surrounding the site every day. “The World Trade Centers have historically been a tourist attraction – so is any place of great tragedy,” Park said. “It’s no surprise that vendors are selling their products there already. It’s not a matter of if it will become socially acceptable, but a matter of how soon.” John Pahla, manager of the Grand Slam gift shop in Times Square, said FDNY and NYPD souvenirs came in stock a week after Sept. 11 and were in incredibly high demand. Now over half their merchandise has law enforcement symbols on it and is still selling like hotcakes. Pahla predicted the high sales would continue like this for a long time. Missouri resident Samantha Brown, who was poking around at Grand Slam’s child-size FDNY Tshirts, provided an explanation as to why the ever-popular “I love New York” shirts were being discarded in favor of law enforcement apparel. “I think it’s because I respect them more, now, for their courage and their bravery and for giving their lives,” Brown said. “When it happened, it didn’t really sink in because it didn’t really affect me, but now that I’ve come here and been to Ground Zero and seen it, it’s finally hit home.”

Quiet Remembrance A day of grieving outside New York’s St. Paul’s Chapel

Kaiser from Atlantic City, N.J., embrace while taking a moment to reflect on the memorial outside St. Paul’s Chapel, across from the World Trade Center site.

FAR RIGHT – James Cassidy reads a card that has been placed along the memorial.

Photo essay by Nick Kapke

Piecing their lives back together As debris and dust fell all around, one New York college was left in the middle, wondering how it could continue Indiana Daily Student

NEW YORK – On Sept. 11, students and faculty at the Borough of Manhattan Community College were a block from hell. While phone calls and news bulletins tore into our morning, a plane ripped through theirs. Students were in class that day giving speeches and taking tests when they heard a crunching noise, which they would soon learn was the first plane colliding into Tower 1. Once people found out what happened, the building was completely evacuated. Hours later, 7 World Trade Center collapsed onto BMCC’s Fiterman Hall. In the next few weeks, students would be dealing with more than just “background noise.” When they looked up, they saw F16’s screaming through the skies. When they looked forward, they saw clouds of white ash. When they looked down, they saw debris and business papers scattered across the ground. When they looked around their school, they saw 25,000 people crammed into a building designed for 8,500. Even though they had lost a building and came close to losing their sanity, the students and faculty wanted to come back. They were determined to come back. AFTERMATH “By about 4:30 or 5 p.m. we knew we lost it,” said G. Scott Anderson, vice president of administration and planning. The school’s newly renovated Fiterman Hall, located at 30 W. Broadway, was severely damaged when the towers collapsed. Renovations on the 70-classroom

building were scheduled to be completed in November, but students and professors were already using it because they ran out of space in the main building. “All things considered, we’re very lucky,” Anderson said. “If the tower hadn’t come straight down, it was tall enough to come down and hit our main building.” All classes were moved back to the main building at 199 Chambers St. in Lower Manhattan. The building is nothing like the sky scrapers surrounding it – it’s as long from end to end as the Empire State Building is tall. There was time for everyone to exit the building, but six BMCC students died as a result of the attacks. They were remembered in an allday ceremony at the college later in the semester. Administrators said the memorial service was a celebration of life and a remembrance of those whose lives were lost. AUTHORITIES SET UP CAMP BMCC’s main building became the command center for the World Trade Center rescue and recovery efforts. Hosts of emergency personnel came in, making do with whatever space and supplies were available. Public health set up in the theater, Port Authority in the gym, army on the second floor and fire department on the third. There were boxes of drugs and medical equipment, but the highly trained doctors had very few patients to work on. The veterinarians were the ones who saw the most action because search dogs kept injuring their paws on the debris. “It was actually very depressing,” said David Gallagher, director of the media center. “(The doctors) were waiting for survivors.”

ADMINISTRATION PULLS IT TOGETHER Anderson fought back tears as he recounted how students made their way down to the disaster area on Sept. 14 to ask when classes were going to start again. “The third day when it was still horrific down here – really horrific – our students were showing up at the back gate. Somehow they got through Army check points,” he said, voice rising with disbelief. “These (military) guys are carrying M16’s and everything. “It was really hard core. It was great, just great. Somehow these students got through and came to the gate and said, ‘When do classes begin?’We told them we were going to open up as soon as we could. We came damn close. We got 36 rooms built, and that was enough for us to be able to make it happen.” The process of getting students back into classes was equally challenging. There was no electricity near Ground Zero. Phone lines were down. Transportation to the area was cut off, and government and health agencies were taking up half the building. Regardless of the numerous and daunting obstacles, BMCC President Antonio Perez was bent on having the school open three weeks after the tragedy. MAKING CONTACT As some of the faculty worked oncampus to get the school ready, the rest had an off-campus emergency headquarters set up. Marva Craig was one of the faculty members doing her part to get the word out to students about how things were progressing at BMCC. The administrators’ titles no longer mattered, Craig said. Instead of dictating letters, they were labeling and sending 17,000 of them. They informed students of the reopening date and gave new directions on how to

get to school their first day back. Realizing some students might be too distraught to come back to school, the BMCC gave them the option of withdrawing without penalty and getting reimbursed for fees paid – but very few took them up on the offer. Students were overjoyed when they got phone calls from professors and found out that classes would continue. BACK TO SCHOOL When students and faculty finally returned to school, it was a vastly different learning environment. Even though banners and letters of global support had been posted on the walls, the noise and surrounding scenery were taking an overbearing toll. What was once a clean view of the Hudson River and New Jersey skyline became marred and cluttered by cleanup crews using it as a loading station. Barges churned in and out of the harbor 24 hours a day until the end of May, transporting debris to the Freshkills Landfill on Staten Island. In addition to boat engines, students had to deal with the sounds of helicopters, planes, cranes, generators and screeching F16’s. “We were nervous about the noises until we realized what they were,” student David Callardo said. “But once in a while we would get up and go the window to look and make sure.” The air outside was heavy and filled with the ash that covered people’s clothing on the way into the school. Blow torches were used around the clock, emitting a smell students described as “burning flesh.” “It didn’t even feel like class,” Callardo said. “It was a war zone.” MAKING SACRIFICES Students were no longer able to relax outside the main building or congregate inside the BMCC’s main lobby.

ASHINGTON – Three thousand victims – and 3 million questions unanswered. Such was the cry of the hundreds flooding the U.S. Capitol in June voicing support for an independent investigation into the Sept. 11 attacks. It haunted me then, as I watched, a spectator and Senate intern, from the back of the crowd, feeling naked without my tape recorder or piece of media apparatus. And it haunts me yet. I scarcely paid attention to the countless demonstrations that lured hundreds to the grassy knolls stretched before the Capitol. They supported or rallied against myriad causes; each, it seemed, demanded the undivided consideration of every senator and representative who’d listen. It wasn’t that I couldn’t relate to the plight – I had simply become Holly Johnson jaded, my eyes glossed over with is a junior the humdrum majoring in tasks required of journalism. the typical Senate intern. From 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day, I went to committee hearings, opened mail and answered constituent letters. Those causes and rallies were fluff, they were simple, they didn’t get things done. None piqued my interest – that is, until those families and friends of Sept. 11 victims flocked to the Hill. It was an otherwise quiet June morning in Washington, bright and humid without a cloud in the sky, so I ducked out of work early and trekked outside past Constitution Avenue. What I saw astounded me. The lawn was filled with media and common folk alike. While children played absently under shaded trees, a crowd of more than 100 listened to senators, representatives and survivors pledge their support to the independent investigation. Katie Soulis lost Tim, her husband of 12 years, in the WTC attacks when she was three months pregnant. Shielding her newborn son’s face from the blinding sun, she spoke to the crowd frankly, her rich contralto breaking ever so slightly as she recounted the night of Sept. 10. She and Tim had taken their four sons and daughter – children the couple “shared and loved and cherished together” – for a bike ride and to buy popcorn. Then there was David Ehnar’s mother, who lost her only son on the 100th floor of the Trade Center. Dwarfed by the podium, she pleaded, raspy-voiced, for more questions, for more answers. Toni Esposito, a mother of two from Princeton, NJ, lost her brotherin-law, an employee working on the 89th floor, in the attacks on New York. He was one of the unlucky, she said, who thought to get out, he must go up. “He climbed the stairs – what was left of them – because that’s how they thought they’d get out,” Esposito explained. “He called my sister to tell her…but he couldn’t get out. The doors were locked.” The family grieved, Esposito said, and they grieve yet today. Her sister’s family’s main source of income stopped, and her sister, Pat Ryan, began looking for other widows and widowers with whom she could sort out her pain, her anger, her agony. Thus Pat, with the aid of son Colin, 15, formed a New Jersey area Web-based support network. For her part, Ryan was “astounded” that more Americans wouldn’t rise in support of independent investigations into the events surrounding and leading up to the Sept. 11 attacks. Hers are all valid questions – What of the media and their role in expounding upon (or exploiting) the attacks? What don’t we know? How can we find out more? I’ve never felt so out of place and yet uniquely part of a common mass. I could watch replay upon replay of the horrible crashes, of the unearthly aftermath, of the dusty fallout, for hours, days, months. Yet I still didn’t completely understand. And I still don’t purport to. But the aura pervading Capitol Hill – and indeed, all of Washington – that June morning won’t likely leave me for a good while. It was a feeling of mutual support, of compassion. It was reality, spoken from the lips of children and grandmothers alike, all asking the same questions and demanding some sort of, any sort of, answer. These demonstrators weren’t fluff. They weren’t simple. And they were ready to get things done – by whatever means possible.

TOP – Jonathan Bybee and Nicole

By Elise LeBlanc and Emily Veach

They deserve answers

As they walked through the main building, Anderson and Sullivan pointed out the drastic changes that were made in an effort to replace the 40 lost classrooms. “The classrooms were built in student space,” Anderson said. “We took all of their cafeteria. The entire student lounge is gone. We took away their weight room, their exercise room.” The Student Art Court Campaign was created in response to the situation. Its purpose was to get students some of their space back and lower the costs of maintaining the heavily-used campus building. REBUILDING THE FUTURE While many faculty members thought enrollment would suffer at least a slight drop after the disaster, the University ended up having their highest enrollment ever for the last spring and upcoming fall semesters. The administration predicts there will be over 18,000 students enrolled after registration, and they plan on accommodating the inflation by renting out space at St. John’s University. Howard Entin, BMCC’s director of financial aid, said there’s too much going on in downtown Manhattan for it to ever slow down for very long. “With all the impact of 9/11, this is still a popular place and the world’s financial setting – this is a powerful area,” Entin said. President Perez said the BMCC’s goal for the future is not merely to repair the damage that was done, but to improve it. “Our intentions are to rebuild Fiterman hall and make it even better than it ever was before and to continue serving our students to the very best of our ability so that they will be able to make a difference in New York City and in the world.”

Indiana limestone used to rebuild damaged Pentagon Local groups put aside other projects to help refinish crash site By Adam Aasen Indiana Daily Student

Two local limestone companies provided a helping hand this summer by putting their other work aside to help rebuild the damaged wall of the Pentagon. Dubbed the “Phoenix Project,” the $700 million restoration makes use of

over 2.7 million pounds of Variegated Clear limestone. Over 18,000 square feet of stone was cut into 700 pieces and then transported in 48 flatbed trucks. Since the original 1940 construction of the Pentagon used Indiana limestone, officials sought a company that could provide the same services. Bloomington-based limestone quarry Independent Limestone Co. provided limestone similar to the original, and limestone fabricator Bybee Stone Co. of Ellettsville, Ind. used gang-saws, which were used in

the original construction, to work with the stone. When both companies were asked to be a part of the project in late October, they dropped what they were working on and started right away. “At first, it was a daunting task to get it done in the time frame they wanted,” said Bybee Stone Co. President Will Bybee. “But I think everybody who works here was very proud to be on the project. We were lucky to have the chance to do a positive towards such a negative act.” In the past, Bybee’s company, in

conjunction with Independent Limestone, has renovated or built many other landmarks such as the U.S. Capitol Building, the National Cathedral and the Smithsonian Institute, but never has a project generated this much national attention. “It is an honor to have Indiana limestone on this prominent building,” said Independent Limestone General Manager Harry Cummins. When the limestone exterior wall was completed this June, a special ceremony was held in which a time

capsule was placed in the building. The bronze box was filled with memorabilia from the attack including a plaque with the names of the 184 victims. Bybee will be in attendance for the hour-long ceremony being held at 9 a.m. today. During the ceremony, addresses will be given by President George W. Bush, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Richard B. Myers. Also as a part of the event, a moment of silence will be

held at 8:43 a.m., the time when the airliner crashed. The facility will not be completely workable by the anniversary. The majority of the building is made out of poured concrete. This part of the renovation will be completed sometime in the spring. The entire Phoenix Project cost around $700 million dollars to complete, but Bybee said money was not a motivator. “A lot of guys here would do it for free,” Bybee said, “We’re all patriotic people.”

Students know where they were a year ago Some slept, some stood outside the IMU; all were shocked By Alli Stolper Indiana Daily Student

One year ago today, students awoke to a tragedy of a new kind. Many in the dorms, greek houses and off campus were still asleep when terrorists flew their first plane into the World Trade Center. But it didn’t take long for the news to spread. Now, just as older Americans remember where they were the day John F. Kennedy was assassinated, IU students vividly remember their personal experiences of Sept. 11. Sophomore Matt Schwartz, a native New Yorker, remembers trying to reach his parents on Sept. 11. He tried all day “I remember but couldn’t get through due to increased cell phone usage. standing “I remember standing outside the outside the Union with my friends, trying to call our Union with my parents,” Schwartz said. “My friends friends trying were crying.” Schwartz was still asleep when the to call my attack happened. parents. My “I was in my dorm room sleeping friends were when my roommate’s friend called and told me the Twin Towers blew up,” crying.” Schwartz said. While Schwartz said his life at IU, Matt Schwartz despite the fact he is from New York, has Sophomore not changed drastically since the attacks last year, he has become more openminded and looks at things differently now. He still goes into the city, despite the fear of another attack, and the apprehensions of his mom. “You’ve just got to suck it up, and do it,” Schwartz said. “(The terrorists) can’t ruin your life.” Schwartz was not the only one to wake up to news of the Trade Towers’ destruction. Freshman Anne Chenoweth could not comprehend what had happened when her mom woke her to tell her the news. “At first I didn’t get it, then I got it,” Chenoweth said. “I was so scared, thinking of all the people and their families.” After playing a game in acting class that morning, sophomore Lauren Wrenn was joking with her friends when she heard the news. “I didn’t understand what a big deal it was,” Wrenn said. “I didn’t know it would have so many repercussions. I thought it was weird. We came into the food court laughing, and it all changed so quickly.” Freshman Lizzie Oldberg said she has become more aware since the attack, and she realized any place is a target. While Oldberg said she feels the pain and sadness the terrorists caused, she realized the attacks have brought Americans together. “I’m really proud of how the whole country can put their differences aside and come together with their whole hearts to help each other, even one year later,” Oldberg said.

Blood rush following Sept. 11 has slowed By Samantha Thompson Indiana Daily Student

Soon after Sept. 11 many Americans were possessed by a spirit of giving. Students at IU and people around the nation rushed to donate time, clothing, money and, for a while, blood. “That entire week was amazing,” charge nurse Nancy Ranstead said. “We were completely full. We had people sitting on the floor; we had people lined up out the door. We even had people coming out to volunteer.” Contrary to rumor, even during a time with an overflow of donations, like the week after the attacks, no blood was ever entirely thrown away. Three elements are taken out of donated blood: red blood cells, plasma and platelets. Red blood cells can be frozen for up to ten years so when the Red Cross used all of the cells it could, it simply froze the rest to be used at a later date. The scene has changed at the Bloomington Red Cross donation site since then and having too much blood is no longer an issue. Ranstead said she’s seen one of the slowest summers of the year after the rush of Sept. 11 died off. Blood from the Bloomington area services hospitals in Columbus, Bloomington and Paoli. With the shortage of blood supply, area hospitals have had to cancel all elective surgeries unless patients can give their own blood beforehand. With the shortage, hospitals are forced to save all of their blood supplies for emergencies. Staffers at the Red Cross are hoping that the anniversary of Sept. 11 will cause more people to come out and donate. “Of course we’re hoping that we’ll see more donations after the anniversary,” Ranstead said. “We’re seeing people who haven’t donated since last September, and they’re donating again.”

NICK KAPKE • IDS

Now graduated Robyn Frank watches with awe and comforts classmate Joe Wikes as they watch the second tower collapse on Sept. 11. Wikes was trying desperately to contact loved ones.

Awakening to tragedy Students spent countless hours glued to television sets watching the events of Sept. 11, 2001, unfold. Many were trying to account for family and friends, others were just in shock. No one could believe what was happening. This story relives that day and those tense hours. By Stacey Palevsky Indiana Daily Student

ight freshmen from the East Coast sat entranced by the 13-inch television in McNutt Quad Crone 200, completely unaware that a ninth had wandered in with an armful of food in an attempt to lighten the somber mood. The large pile of snacks sat untouched in the center of the floor, as their appetites seemed unimportant compared to watching the coverage of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. Leaning closer to the television, which was filled with scenes of the wreckage and chaos in the cities, Jillian Kahn, a freshman, tersely asked her friends to “please not talk right now.” Her eyes did not drift away from the television screen as she voiced this request. The dull ring of a cell phone disrupted the silence in the room, and they all reached for their phones to ensure they remained in constant contact with their family and friends. It turned out to be a reporter’s cell phone on television. Shaking her head and rubbing her temples to ease her swelling headache, Kahn said, “It’s a relief to hear my family is OK, but the city you live in is in destruction. I just wish I was home right now.” Lainie Goldstein, a freshman, said she is worried about what’s going on at home, but she’s relieved to be in Indiana during such an emergency. “To be honest,” Goldstein said, “I feel safer here than anywhere else.” The tension in the room and the dried tears on the faces of these freshmen is evidence that IU’s student population that originates from New York has been left in shambles because of this tragedy. Downstairs in McNutt Bordner Ground, sounds of news anchors filled the hallways, as almost every room had their television tuned to remain up-to-date with the situation on the east coast. Charlie Geier, a freshman from Richmond, Ind., sat alone in his dorm room, strumming his guitar while watching the World Trade Center emit billows of thick smoke. “(Playing guitar) is a way to ease my mind because this is just so crazy,” Geier said, the pleasant guitar chords a sharp contrast to the grave sounds coming from the news broadcast. “It’s obviously devastating. It

makes me angry, makes you want to just enlist and help out. I think most guys feel like that.” His neighbors sat quietly in their room, the glow of the television the only visible sign of electricity. Joel Riethmiller, a freshman from Fort Wayne, said he was in complete shock upon learning of the World Trade Center situation but didn’t quite understand the magnitude of what happened. “Walking out of here and seeing people in tears with their cell phones – that’s when it started to hit me,” he said. It was lunch time several blocks away in Wright Food Court. Though many students appeared to be talking casually – eating pizza and drinking coffee – at least 30 people were crowded around the big-screen TV, mindlessly chewing their food while digesting the latest news update of the terrorist attacks in New York. Sophomore Greg Stamm sat alone against the wall, seemingly unaware of anything around him except the television broadcast. “My mind automatically assumed it wasn’t as bad as it initially appeared to be,” Stamm said. “But after watching for a couple hours, it dwarfs anything else I’ve ever seen on TV.” Earlier in the day, the Greek community was just waking up to the news that America was under attack. It was unusually quiet in Alpha Epsilon Pi and news broadcasts echoed through the hallways. Pajama-clad fraternity members and their girlfriends crowded on the couches of a room on the second floor, their eyes squinted from a mixture of sadness and sleep. “I’m pretty disturbed,” sophomore Justin Gurney said. “The way I see it, this is by far the craziest thing that’s ever happened. Here I am, worried about a test, and these people just died…I can’t put it into words.” Down the hall, New Jersey native Mike Levy was curled up in a blanket while shifting his attention from his cell phone to the television. The sophomore said he was immediately terrified because both his parents work in the city – he confirmed they’re both OK. “One of my brothers came to wake me up, and I’ve never been more scared in my life,” Levy admitted. “I’ve been trying to call everyone, and my friend in D.C. said everything there is out of control. Their classes have been canceled, and they’re just sitting

NICK KAPKE • IDS

Then-freshmen Rebecca Thielen and Sofia Jawed, a native of Pakistan, hold hands during a moment of silence at a vigil held Sept. 13, 2001, at Showalter Fountain. around trying to figure out what to do.” Seven-hundred miles from the tragedy, IU students are also experiencing uncertainty. Down the street in Alpha Epsilon Phi, girls had come home from their first morning class to watch the news surrounded by the support of their friends. Five girls are sitting on the bed in such bewilderment they all begin speaking at once when asked what they’re feeling. “My God, how could anything like this happen in our lifetime,” junior Lindsey Deitchman said. “You can’t express it in words, you can only feel it – the aching, the disgust.” Cassie Feldman nodded her head in agreement, her red hair pulled back from her tear-stained face. “My best friend lives in the city, but it’s not really a question of her safety as much as how horrifying it must be to be there,” Feldman said. “It’s on American soil, and it’s terrifying.”

IU students worked through Pentagon crash Program participants felt ‘scared and isolated’ after attack By Adam VanOsdol Indiana Daily Student

ZACH DOBSON • IDS

The emotional strain of losing her father in the World Trade Center forced junior Jessie Moskal to withdraw from IU for a semester. “I withdrew for the semester because I thought I was losing my mind and I was like ‘I can’t do this.’”

Searching for a sign Jessie Moskal held out hope that her father had survived the collapse of the WTC towers By Josh Sanburn Indiana Daily Student

t 10 a.m. Sept. 11, 2001, then-sophomore Jessie Moskal woke up to begin another day in Bloomington, unaware she would soon learn two airplanes had been hijacked and flown into the World Trade Center where her father had been working on a business trip. Earlier that week, Bill Moskal had been excited to travel to New York, telling his wife and daughter how happy he was to work in the World Trade Center. Bill last talked to his wife about an hour before the first plane hit, the last time any of his family would speak to him. Moskal’s father worked as a safety consultant for Marsh USA Inc. He was one of the vice presidents out of the Cleveland office. “I really held out hope (that he was alive) because he was a really together guy, and he was smart about stuff like that,” Moskal said. “He would’ve known what to do in that situation.” Her father was on the 100th floor of the North Tower, just a few floors away from where the plane hit. “He was really close to where the explosion was,” Moskal said. After realizing that her father might be in trouble, Moskal began to do whatever she could to make contact with her father. “I was really hysterical,” Moskal said. “It’s hard for me to remember anything that was going on because I wasn’t really thinking. I lost all control of myself.” Moskal tried to contact her father through his cell phone, but couldn’t reach him. “I watched the news all day just looking for my dad,” Moskal said.

“Eventually, we just realized there was no way out.” Moskal eventually got in touch with her mother Lorraine. “My mom was extremely strong, and she is amazing,” Moskal said. “She’s still the exact same Mom.” A sliver of hope came for the Moskal family soon after the terrorist attacks when her father’s name showed up on a “safe list” by his company. But with all of the confusion in the aftermath of the attacks, her father’s name was inadvertently put on the list, sending the Moskal family on an unnecessary emotional roller coaster. “I figured that he just got out, and that he was in a hospital or something,” Moskal said. “I didn’t sleep or anything. I just kept calling hospitals. I didn’t know what to do so I just kept doing it, and eventually, we just started to figure it out.” The emotional strain of what happened to Moskal’s father forced her to withdraw from IU for a semester. “I withdrew for the semester because I thought I was losing my mind and I was like ‘I can’t do this.’” Moskal and her family traveled to the site of the World Trade Center soon after the attacks. “I couldn’t cry or anything,” Moskal said. “I was just paralyzed because I almost didn’t want to look at it. I still didn’t want to accept that my dad might’ve been a part of it.” Moskal said when she visited New York, she still had hope that she would find her father. She and her family visited Red Cross shelters and hospitals while in New York, searching for any clue that her father might still be alive, but eventually the Moskal family

COURTESY PHOTO

Andy, Jessie, Bill and Lorraine Moskal. gave up hope. In honor of Moskal’s father and two other fathers of IU students, the IU Student Foundation set up three Sept. 11 scholarships in remembrance of the three victims. “In awarding these scholarships, Indiana University expresses its deep sympathy to the families of the innocent victims who lost their lives on Sept. 11, 2001,” said Chancellor Sharon Brehm in a statement regarding the scholarships. “I know that all the recipients of these scholarships will feel deeply honored to receive them.” Moskal said her father would have been very honored to know he now has a scholarship in his name at IU. “My dad loved this school so much, and he always told me how lucky I was to go here,” Moskal said.

Moskal’s former journalism professor, Owen Johnson, said speaking with Moskal about the events of Sept. 11 helped change the way he teaches his classes. “I think she’s had a strong commitment to be a kind of witness to help people remember, but remember in a positive way,” Johnson said. “Her experience and knowing her has given me an added perspective that I’ve been able to employ in classes I teach.” With the first anniversary of Sept. 11, Moskal will be forced to relive what happened one year ago, but still can remember what made her father great. “He was a great person, and I feel like I learned so much from him,” Moskal said. “He was just a fun-loving guy, and I really miss him.”

The television inside Katie Flege’s home will remain quiet today. She won’t watch the hours of special programming and footage dedicated to the Day Our Nation Saw Terror. She says she can’t. Her own memories are vivid enough. “It’s important to honor the victims, but I don’t want to watch the whole thing on TV,” Flege says. “It would depress me too much. I just feel lucky to be here and alive.” One year ago Flege was working in the nation’s capitol as an intern with the SPEA Washington Leadership Program, just blocks from where at 9:37 a.m. a 757-jet deliberately slammed head-on into the west side of the Pentagon. She was one of 35 IU students working in Washington that day. Flege and her co-workers Marc Lame attempted to keep working even as SPEA professor they watched the twin towers and program leader. burning on TV. But when the Pentagon was hit, everyone evacuated. “I had only been in D.C. for a week or two,” she said. “So when it happened, I felt very scared and isolated. People were confused. It was scary. I wanted to get home so bad.” The scariest moments came when Flege heard that a fourth plane was somewhere in the air. Someone shouted that it had just been spotted above the Potomac River. “That feeling of fear that I had, I can still conjure up so clearly,” she said. “Not knowing what was going on, not knowing where that plane was.” So instead of turning on the TV today, Flege plans to call her mom. Maurina Roberts feels the same way. She too was interning with the SPEA program on Sept. 11, in the policy department of the Wilderness Society, just a six-minute walk from the White House. She won’t be watching the TV today, either. In fact, she hasn’t watched the news in a year. “I no longer watch the news,” Roberts said. “I avoid it because TV news is too depressing.” In the year since the attacks, Roberts said she has developed a new perspective. “It changed me, in a nonspecific way,” she said. “My life after Sept. 11 has been altered.” She has gained a new appreciation for different cultures. “It was a slap in the face reminder that we are not the only people on the planet,” she said. “I have a stronger empathy with people who live in places like the west bank where things of this nature happen every day of their lives.” She also reevaluated the direction of her life. “I pondered if it was worth it to continue my education and achieve my goals professionally,” she said. “Is it worth it to keep fighting, if it could be all wiped out?” Flege has felt some of the same stirrings inside her. In the days after the attacks, she went to volunteer with the Salvation Army in D.C. and was amazed by the spirit of charity. She said her reaction to Sept. 11 has made her more patriotic. “I felt better when I saw how our country had come together,” she said. “I’ve felt more lucky to be an American. It was something I took for granted.” Flege said she’ll never forget that evanescent feeling of unity. “Everyone came together,” she said. “We were all going through the same thing, even though we came from different backgrounds.” Matt Light, now a graduate student at IU Law School, was in D.C. too. In the year since, he has drawn reassurance from his experience that day. “Everyone on that morning had the exact same look in their eyes,” he said. “I didn’t notice it at the time. They wanted to get to a safe place, they wanted to know that their families were all right. It reinforced the fact that we are all from different areas, but we are all from the same country.” He reminds himself of that to deal with his memories. “Sometimes you are rational and other times, you think of retribution,” he said. “I had a hard time figuring it all out. You go through different moods.” Marc Lame, a professor at SPEA who led the program, had the stressful task of trying to account for all 35 interns immediately following the attacks. By 4 p.m., he had contacted everyone. He said all but two interns finished their jobs. “Brave young men and women,” he said.

Average family gave $50 to charities after terrorist attacks By Jamie Lusk Indiana Daily Student

Though Sept. 11 fund-raising totals eclipsed any previous U.S. campaign, the funds amount to only a fraction of the total charitable donations for last year. Since Sept. 11, Americans contributed a hefty $1.88 billion to relief funds, according to Giving USA, an annual report for 2001. But how much is that really? “It turns out that the amount donated to Sept. 11 relief funds amounts to less than 1 percent of the year’s total dona-

tions for 2001,” said director of research for the IU Center on Philanthropy Patrick Rooney. Rooney has headed several studies on the relation between giving and Sept. 11. The amount given in 2001 was a 0.5 percent increase from 2000. In the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, 74 percent of U.S. households responded by donating to the cause. In the meantime, other charities across the nation seemed to falter slightly as most Americans directed their money toward the calamity that took place. When the IU Center of Philanthropy

surveyed non-profit organizations, asking them if Sept. 11 had affected their giving, 60 percent responded it had; however, only 5.5 percent surveyed said it would continue to affect other charities this fall. “Giving is very closely related to the conditions of the economy and the stock market,” said IU Center of Philanthropy Communications Manager Adriene Davis. Davis said this could be why the effect of Sept. 11 on other charities is lessening as time progresses. “We have to keep in mind that this

survey was taken before the wilder stock market swings, and results may be slightly different now,” Davis said. The amount donated in 2001 fits what has been seen in previous recession years, said Leo P. Arnoult, chair of the American Association of Fundraising Counsel Trust for Philanthropy. According to this research, it cannot be assumed that the increase in charitable giving from 2000 to 2001 is a result of Sept. 11, and the economy may even have had a greater effect on giving, Rooney said.

There are many factors that determine who gives how much, including the economy and new causes that arise, Arnoult said. The average amount donated per household was about $50, and threefourths of the gifts were less than $100. “These gifts were symbolic to those families who gave,” Rooney said. “It was their way of showing support for the families who were victims of Sept. 11. It was the largest single outpouring of support than any other disaster in history on U.S. soil.”

PHOTOS BY NICK KAPKE • IDS

LEFT – Ikram Jaffer prays individually after a Friday prayer at the Bloomington Mosque, 1925 E. Atwater St.

ABOVE – The entryway to the mosque swells with footwear of all types. Those who come to pray must remove their shoes before doing so.

Faith under fire By Mitch Blacher

the mainstream Muslim community will find a bright future in the wake Sept. 11 “Muslims are taking a look around The aftermath of Sept. 11 left the them now and being cognizant of what’s country reeling and looking toward an going on in their community,” Jaques uncertain future. As information filtered its way across America, terrorists were said. “They’re being self critical of their quickly identified as members of the communities and people in their communities, but this ordeal has not caused them Islamic faith. Religious studies professor Kevin to reconsider their faith, just take a look Jaques said this caused many Muslims to at certain people practicing their faith.” Senior Mohamed Yusuf, a member of take a serious overall look at their faith. the Bloomington Mosque, said the “Muslims across the U.S. and across issues involving radicals in his the world have been going faith became evident on the through a process of self analysis same day they became evident and self criticism over what to the rest of the country. Muslim communities are doing,” “These “These are things now comJaques said. “Because the radical people ing into our attention more groups tend toward violence, hijacked the clearly,” said Yusuf, who is mainstream Muslims have president of the Muslim Student ignored or tried to stay out of Muslim Union. “We never thought these religion and their way.” extremists would cause as big a Jaques said an emerging self- impacted it problem as they have.” criticism is promoting construcThe word Islam comes from tive discussions about the nature significantly the Arabic word “Salaam,” of Islamic thought in the contem- with their which means “peace,” Yusuf porary world. actions.” said. Jaques said the majority of “Me and the other Muslims I moderate thinking American Adel Mekraz Muslims have ignored the dan- Bloomington Mosque know have always looked at Islam as a religion of peace,” gers posed by radical and vio- social activity Yusuf said. “In my opinion all lent extremists Muslims. He coordinator these terrorist attacks can in no said the large group of moderway be related to the peaceful ates didn’t pay enough attention to the small group of radicals and religion of Islam.” Yusuf grew up in what he described as allowed the situation to escalate. Jaques said because of the political a non-Muslim community composed of freedom in the U.S., Muslim communi- many religious affiliations where everyties in America need to be more outspo- one got along. “I have always found the Muslim ken. “After Sept. 11, because of the polit- community to be a friendly and accepting ical situation here in the U.S., main- one,” Yusuf said. “In all my life I’ve stream Muslims are in a better position never come across a personal conflict to persuade people from getting with a person of another faith.” Yusuf said his upbringing made the involved with these radical groups in reality of Sept. 11 hard to swallow. the first place,” he said. “Because of the way I’ve grown up Jaques said the situation has improved over the last year, and with strong leaders and the way I’ve interacted with other

Indiana Daily Student

Muslims, Sept. 11 turned out to be a very shocking incident to me,” Yusuf said. “I could have never imagined something of this sort happening.” F r e s h m a n Mohamed Aljohani said he has not seen any changes in his Muslim faith since Sept. 11. “We haven’t been looking at our faith in any special way before or after Sept. 11,” Aljohani said. “Some people changed their names or look after Sept. 11. Those people are being singled out as people related to those responsible for the terrorist attack.” Aljohani said he DAN URESS • IDS would become a Students and residents of Bloomington converse following the conclusion of services. stronger Muslim if discriminated against Mekraz described Muslims who may have been Islamic, but they in no because of his faith. “If someone discriminates believe the terrorist attacks were justified way represent the majority of Muslims,” (against) me for Sept. 11 that will just as disenchanted and unhappy with U.S Mekraz said. “This is a small faction of the Muslim community. The idea of solvcause me to become a stronger foreign policy. “It’s no secret that Arabs and Muslims ing issues with violence doesn’t represent Muslim and pray more,” Aljohani are generally unhappy with the U.S. the Muslim ideal.” said. “Islam is non-violent.” Mekraz said the way to solve world Social Activity coordinator for the always taking sides with Israel,” Mekraz Bloomington Mosque and IU professor said. “This in no way justifies Sept. 11. problems is through discussion and Adel Mekraz said Sept. 11 definitely There is no reason American civilians debate, not terror. “This is a democratic country, with made Muslims stop and think about their have to pay for U.S. foreign policy.” Mekraz said he feels an overwhelming many channels to voice opinion,” faith. “Every religion has people all over the appreciation to America for the opportu- Mekraz said. “We don’t need violence to get a point across. These people spectrum.” Mekraz said. “We have con- nities it has afforded him. “America gave me liberation, a col- hijacked the Muslim religion and servatives and extremists, just like everyone else. Among the Muslim community lege degree and a house with my family,” impacted it significantly with their there is an overwhelming feeling that Mekraz said. “I would never want to actions. People have drawn conclusions about us, and whether they are fair conSept. 11 was a horrible act and the people harm America. “The people who committed these acts clusions is still up for discussion.” behind it are maniacs.”

For students, quality time with families fades in months following Sept. 11 By Ashley Rhodebeck Indiana Daily Student

America stopped one year ago, and phones rang. Uncertainty gripped the nation and everyone wanted to hear a reassuring voice on the other side of the line telling them everything was OK. Family relationships changed as Americans reevaluated their lives and the world. Before the attacks, typical American families had relaxed and informal relationships, said Robert Billingham, an expert on family relationships and IU associate professor in applied health science. Although Americans valued their relatives, they “took each other for granted and ‘assumed’ that they would always be there,” he said. In the weeks following the

tragedy, families realized how uncertain life can be. “Our family members could disappear from our lives for no apparent reason as well,” Billingham said. “We returned to an appreciation for our family and felt closer to them.” Tears were not the only obvious sign of change in family values. Instead of enjoying the semester breaks they had planned, some students canceled their vacation plans to be with their families while others called home more frequently. For some students Sept. 11 hardly affected their family relations. “I don’t think (my family relationships) changed at all (after the attacks)” junior Jeff Mansfield said. “They don’t live here, but I talked to them every week and sent them e-

mails back and forth.” The attacks also had little effect on the families that lived closer together. “My definition of family is a lot different than what most people’s is,” freshman Carolyn Chan said. “My immediate family includes aunts, uncles and cousins. We were close to begin with; I lived a few houses away from them.” A year has passed, and students continue to call their parents. But the significance of family is fading. “Now students are interested in social life and ‘family financial matters,’ rather than thinking about social involvement,” Billingham said. “For those whose lives and families were directly affected by the attack, their lives will never be the

same, and how they view relationships and family relationships are delicate and fragile.” The majority of the nation was affected indirectly from the tragedy and will therefore recover easier than those who had direct ties. “The people I knew that had relatives or friends in the service made them afraid of losing many of their relatives,” freshman April Lewandowski said. But Billingham said these wounds are likely to heal with time. “The further away the rest of us get from the event (both in physical distance and in time, one year, two years), our lives, and the lives of our children will return very closely to the pre 9/11 attitudes and behaviors,” he said.

Chan said he felt differently about the attacks because he was somewhat disconnected from New York. “I lived in California, so a lot of people didn’t have family in New York,” Chan said. “It was very surreal.” Forgetting and dismissing the events of Sept. 11 seems unlikely for those who experienced and remember that day, but time will pass and the world will return to normal, Billingham said. The younger children will remember the day as nothing more than another piece of history. “World War II had a profound effect on the lives of people who lived through it, but their children and grandchildren see it only as history,” Billingham said. “Such will be

the same with our children and grandchildren.” It is natural and acceptable to move past the pain that comes from tragic events, and the same is true about returning to normalcy. Sept. 11 brought some families closer together, but its regression does not mean the recovery process is decaying. “I think a ‘return to normal’ is both healthy and perfectly normal human development,” Billingham said. “Think of all the major natural and man-made disasters throughout history. All of these are the cause of reflection and introversion early on, but that gives way to a return to ‘everyday’ behavior. This is as it should be.”

“It was mostly boredom. Watching people go by.” – Steps to Freedom, local activist and leader of the Dunn Meadow peace camp AMY ORRINGER • IDS

Study abroad still popular after attacks Overseas program keeping busy with interested students By Maura Halpern Indiana Daily Student

ARBUTUS FILE PHOTOS

Soon after the U.S. attacked Afghanistan, a peace camp appeared in Dunn Meadow. It lasted 8 months.

Peace camp runs its course STILL UNHAPPY WITH THE WAR Steps to Freedom and other local activists still protest the War on Terror at 5 p.m. Wednesdays in front of the Monroe County Courthouse.

•

What started as a means of protest fizzled into a disheveled tent city with little impact By George Lyle IV Indiana Daily Student

teps to Freedom, a local community activist, said “the spirit told him to change his name and campaign for peace.” Starting last October, part of that campaign was camping out in Dunn Meadow for almost eight months to protest the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. Steps said the idea for the camp came from the Bloomington Peace Action Coalition as a way to respond to President Bush’s call to action against terrorism. “It was a protest against the concept of a never-ending war,” Steps said. Although the idea was the brainchild of the Peace Action Coalition, he quickly became the leader of the camp. “It wasn’t my idea in the first place,” he said. “I was just the determined one.” The camp was set up in Dunn Meadow because of high student traffic, open space and proximity to support facilities. Dean of Students Richard McKaig said he didn’t expect the camp to form, but he was not surprised. “As far as I know, they just appeared there,” McKaig said. “Our campus has a rich tradition of these kinds of activities. I don’t tend to view them as problems; it’s just a part of life on a college campus.”

McKaig said past camps have run into sanitation issues, and some runaways camped out with protesters. Daily life in the camp was pretty consistent from day to day. “It was mostly boredom,” Steps said. “Watching people go by.” Steps and his fellow campers cooked and heated their tents with a wooden stove and used the water and sanitary facilities in the Indiana Memorial Union. The often brutal Indiana autumn season didn’t faze Steps or the campers. The camp drew many different reactions, some supportive, some questioning, but Steps said IU respected his political rights and ideals. “IU was very cooperative and stood up for my right to be there the entire time,” Steps said. “Many students were idealistically supportive.” McKaig said student opinion ran the gamut from from supportive to displeased. “My impression was that student reaction varied,” McKaig said. “There were some who disagreed with the peace camp because they believed strongly in what the U.S. was doing. Others praised the camp for it’s stance on the issues.” After some time in the meadow the camp began to decline in numbers and ideals. Steps said people were beginning to take advantage of the camp.

“(People) used it as a place to sleep without participating,” Steps said. “If you set up a vigil, it should be a vigil.” McKaig said legal action had to be taken against those who took advantage of the camp. Nonstudents had begun to take up residence in the camp and were not participating in the demonstrations. “Near the end, some arrests were made for trespassing,” McKaig said. Steps too began to feel the stress of leading the camp. Before long, he was neglecting his work with the Green Party and his activist message. “I had to watch the camp instead of doing activism,” he said. After Steps agreed to close the camp, IU provided dumpsters for him to clean the site. McKaig said he had to strike a balance between the needs of the University and the right to free speech. “(Camps) become a problem if they violate university regulations, or if individuals not affiliated with the camp exploit it,” McKaig said. “These do not preclude protecting the free speech that goes on.” Though no longer sleeping in Dunn Meadow, Steps said he still believes in the issues the camp stood for. He and others still protest the War on Terror at 5 p.m. Wednesdays in front of the Monroe County Courthouse.

Reasons for ROTC enrollment increase go beyond 9/11 Overall commitments up 57 percent; freshman recruits more than double By Elizabeth Crosbie Indiana Daily Student

Freshman enrollment in the Army Reserve Officer Training Corps at IU has more than doubled since last year’s terrorist attacks, but officials said the reasons go beyond a heightened sense of patriotism. Mike Saulkenberg, Cadet Battalion commander, said he recently surveyed all ROTC freshmen for their reasons for joining the Army. None of the students specifically cited a reflection on Sept. 11 as their main purpose for enrolling. Overall enrollment in the Army ROTC increased 57 percent this year and freshmen enrollment increased 106 percent, Capt. Heath Dunbar said. The Army attributed its leadership training programs as one factor for the significant increase in student enrollment. ROTC students earn the title of lieutenant upon graduation, which

guarantees them a professional job, Dunbar said. “We’re not here to just produce individual soldiers,” said Lt. Col. Wayne Pollard, a professor of military science. “We’re here to develop leaders.” Pollard also credited the Army’s student growth to their new recruiting focus. ROTC encourages its students to make the most of their college years by participating in other campus programs, Pollard said. Each year, more of their students take active roles in sports, greek life and campus events such as the Little 500, Dunbar said. Dunbar further ascribed the increase to wider campus exposure of the Army’s scholarship and leadership opportunities. “ROTC provides such a great opportunity for financial aid,” said Saulkenberg, a senior. “With the help from the money and the desire to serve in the military, I thought it was a great opportunity to teach me how to be a leader.” Many graduates of the ROTC plan to pursue other careers for defending national security besides serving in the U.S. Military, Dunbar said.

Marching Upward 57% increase in overall Army ROTC enrollment

106% increase in freshman enrollment • ROTC officials said there is no solid evidence to prove that the increase in involvement is related to postSept.11 patriotism JEREMY COOK • IDS

“Nearly every person that has come in the door here has viewed ROTC not only as a step to becoming part of the military and the army,” Dunbar said. “But a lot of them are interested in taking their degrees and using their military experience for continuing on to the CIA or FBI.” The CIA and FBI are interested in whether an applicant has military experience, Dunbar said. “The perception is out there that military service is a stepping stone,” Dunbar said. “And that generates inter-

est in our programs.” Dunbar also suggested a strong sense of patriotism and a desire to serve their country as students’ motivation to join ROTC. Pollard and Dunbar said it can’t be confirmed that the increase of freshman from 16 students last year to 33 students this year is a direct result of strong patriotic feelings after Sept. 11. Saulkenberg said his survey proves there’s more to it than that. “While a lot of people don’t necessarily join just because of Sept. 11,” Saulkenberg said, “I think that everyone involved in the program has that sense of patriotism.” General patriotic feelings may be only one of the reasons for increase in ROTC enrollment, but the implications of the Sept. 11 attacks remain evident in Americans’ lives, Pollard said. “Most human beings are involved in (the aftermath of Sept. 11) and have a story to tell,” Pollard said. “There was a temporary intoxication of Sept. 11 after it happened. But as President Bush has said, ‘It ain’t over.’”

Following the tragic events of Sept. 11, safety in America transformed into a feeling of uneasiness and just plain fear. IU students studying abroad last year immediately found themselves engulfed in an experience they never expected. Now a year has passed, and the overseas study program in Franklin Hall remains busy with prospective students, despite the fact that the possibility and fear of terrorism is now something to consider when study- “It made me ing abroad. feel luckier Despite the apprehension, some students studying over- than ever to seas last fall after Sept. 11 said live in the they believed their experience U.S.” gave them a better perspective about living in the U.S. Stefanie Corn “I’m very thankful for the IU graduate who was choice I made to go. It was one in Israel on Sept. 11 of the greatest times in my life,” said senior Stefanie Corn, who studied in Israel during Sept. 11 and graduated in May. “It made me feel luckier than ever to live in the U.S., and I feel like I really got a sense of Israeli lifestyle because they live with the fear of terrorism all the time.” Corn said the number of students traveling to Israel has drastically changed from more than 20 to only a couple of students, and many of her friends have changed their mind about studying abroad. In mid-July, IU cancelled its programs in Israel for summer and fall 2002 semesters and for the 2002-03 academic year. “I feel bad for the kids that decided not to go abroad because they really missed out on a chance of a lifetime,” she said, “and I wasn’t going to let anything stand in my way.” The Overseas Study program noticed a drop in student traffic overseas in the spring, which it attributed to the terrorist attacks. “I think this was a direct reaction from parents to what happened in September, but students enrolling in study abroad in the fall were higher because they remained very committed to following through on their plans to study abroad,” said Kathleen Sideli, associate director of the Overseas Study program. Sideli said the summer and fall enrollment dropped around eight to ten percent from a year ago, but said the reason may be due to the economy. “Students realize that being a more global citizen is more important than ever right now,” she said. The IU Overseas Study program offers over 60 programs abroad in 25 countries, 14 languages and in nearly every field of study. Senior Sara Egli studied in Wollongong, Australia last fall, and said that although students may be more cautious as to where they study, the overseas program hasn’t been greatly affected. “I don’t necessarily feel that students are less likely to go overseas as a result of Sept. 11,” Egli said. “I would definitely still encourage students to still go overseas because I think gaining cultural understanding and having an open mind are very important. Avoiding an educational experience such as studying abroad is not going to help prevent conflict in the future.” Two students studying in Israel last April were asked to return home early by IU international administrators due to the escalating violence in Israel. Despite this, the students decided to remain in Israel until their semester abroad officially ended. “Life here in Israel goes along normally, and Israel is not the war zone that it looks like on CNN,” senior Joe Osgood said last spring. “I don’t feel threatened at all, even though I do understand that there is a risk.” Osgood said he appreciated IU’s concern for his safety and felt the university was very supportive, but he hoped the programs wouldn’t be cancelled in the fall. Although students may be apprehensive about their decision to study overseas in the future, some students are even more encouraged to take this opportunity. “I know parents may be afraid of letting their kids study abroad after the terrorist attacks,” said junior Amanda Farrell, who plans on going to Italy next summer. “But in my case, I think I will just be more careful,” she said. “And I think students are interested to see what effect other countries have on the U.S, and are encouraged to learn about other cultures in countries abroad.”

NICK KAPKE • IDS

The sun sets on New York’s Brooklyn Bridge, with a forever-changed skyline as a backdrop. The World Trade Center twin towers stood at left.

11 reflections on 9/11 I

n the hours, days, and weeks after the attacks of Sept. 11, there was a constant stream of references to the great change that had taken place. At work, at home, in informal settings and on formal occasions, one heard, “We’re living in a new world now. Things will never be the same.” For the victims and their families, as also for those who died or were seriously injured in military service and their families, Sharon there is no going Stephens back to the way Brehm things used to be. IUB chancellor But for those of us in the United States who were not affected directly by the attacks and the war that followed, that sense of a turning point is not nearly so sharp as it used to be. Life, after all, goes on, things get done, people adjust. The impact of 9/11, once so powerful, becomes muted. This is to be expected. We are an adaptable species. But it seems to me that, in this case, the veneer of normalcy is quite thin. We have not really adapted to the horrors of 9/11, nor even begun to understand their implications. Underneath that apparent “return to normalcy,” we are stunned, bewildered, and frightened. I believe that this coming anniversary offers not only a time to mourn the human tragedy that took place last year, but also the possibility of grasping some kind of meaning that will help us find our way in the years to come. For Abraham Lincoln, there was an intimate connection between loss and the renewal of one's moral commitment, and he articulated it with deep understanding and great simplicity in the Gettysburg Address: “It is rather for us, the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” (Nicolay Draft) I am hopeful that the long-term impact of September 11 will be to pay tribute to the “honored dead” of our time with a stronger commitment to liberty, democracy, and human rights – in this country and around the world. • remember that day like it was yesterday. I was shocked, confused and saddened by what I saw. I recall how silent everything was while I was walking the two blocks to class. Normally their is a lot a noise and people walking around but that day everyone I saw was somber and no words were said because everyone knew what the other was feeling. I am a member of the American Red Cross disaster action team and I knew what I had to do, I had to go to New York and help. I remember the sense of honor fallowed by an overwhelming sense of fear. But I had to help. I had to do

something, so in the month of November I boarded a flight to New York to take my turn working at Ground Zero. I thought it was bad on TV but in person it was so much more than bad. It was indescribable what I was seeing. The memories Ryan Todd from Ground Zero Senior are still fresh in my mind. I will never forget the experience I had there. I will always remember the family members I saw who lost their loved ones and so much more, I will never forget the gifts God gave me on that day to respond and make a difference in something that was so horrible. • ept. 11, 2001 is a date that will remain etched in the minds of today’s college students just as the dates Nov. 22, 1963 and Dec. 7, 1941 remain in the memories of their parents and grandparents. We remember the tragedy of one year ago. We share the sorrow of those whose friends and family members perished. We recognize the bravery of policemen, firemen and all the “everyday heroes” who saved lives by putting their own at risk. Even in the midst of these tragedies, we saw countless reminders that terMyles Brand ror need not triIU president umph, that courage, conviction and hope can overcome hatred and violence. On our campuses, people came together in a search for mutual support and for answers. We reached out to Moslem students and others on campus who felt fearful. That has always been part of our university ethos. Now it took on a new urgency. Sept. 11 changed America; that has become a truism. But the scope and direction of that change is still uncertain. Living in a democratic nation, all of us as individuals can impact our nation's future. How will we deal with a continuing terrorist threat? What are its implications for civil liberties, for our way of life? How can we best use our power, both moral and military, to build a better, safer world? Our university and the individuals who teach, study and work here must continue to play a constructive part in that ongoing dialogue. Our nation was built upon a foundation of democratic engagement. In these troubled times, continuing that tradition is not just our right. It is our responsibility. • s I reflect on the events of September 11th, I remember the shock and disbelief with which I viewed the images on television and like most of us, I felt a deep connection with the people in the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, with those on the airplanes, with the parents, with the relatives and with the friends who had lost their loved ones. As a leader on campus, I also went

through a lot of other emotions such as the concern for the safety of the many Muslims on campus and the concern for the security and future of those who are of Middle Eastern descent or who practice the religion of Islam here in the U.S. and abroad. I have realized that although we as a nation have been united in many more ways than we were a year ago, we are still in search of a new meaning and conMohamed text. Our own basic freedoms, Yusuf including our freeIU Muslim Student dom of moveUnion president ment, are being suppressed in more ways than we could expect. At this first anniversary of Sept.11, I must mention that the reaction of our campus has been that of tolerance and understanding. There were a large number of students who volunteered to escort their fellow Muslim students during their walks on and off campus. An open house at the Bloomington mosque had visits and speeches from the mayor, IU officials and representatives of the synagogue and churches. As a result, our bond as a community has grown a lot stronger. • knew that Sept. 11 was going to be an unusually good day. It was my birthday. I am a IU Main Library employee and I knew that when I went to my desk that morning I would find cards from several of my co-workers and there would be the good-natured razzing about getting older. Later that evening I was being taken to dinner by my children. I'm one of the earlier people to arrive at work and sure enough, when I got there, there were cards on my desk. I had just made the decision regarding which sticker from a sheet that came in one of the cards to Jane Torres wear for the day – Main Library I chose “Senior technical services. Citizen in Training.” Seemed appropriate enough! When the “second wave” of people started coming in for the day, one of my co-workers came with startling news. On his way to work he had heard on the radio that a plane had flown into the World Trade Center in NYC. This was shortly after 8 a.m. What he saw was that a second plane had just crashed into the south tower of the WTC. As we gathered around his computer, we began to realize that something truly awful was happening in our country. We, as post-WWII children who didn't experience Pearl Harbor, had never before felt had that cold ripple of terror for our country’s welfare that flowed though our bodies that morning. Those of us who were old enough to remember President Kennedy’s assassination, were immediately reminded of the chaos that followed the shooting.

I watched as students, faculty, and staff would wonder into the Library to watch one of the TVs that had been hurriedly set up. They stood silently in stunned disbelief as the latest news would come in. My strongest feeling as that day progressed was one of guilt. Guilt that while we had a brilliantly beautiful sunny September day, just a couple hundred miles away, that same beautiful day had turned into a living hell for so many people. But, the guilt was mixed with total thankfulness that I would walk out of my building at 5 p.m. and go home to my family as so many in the country would never do again. It had become quite clear to me that the day of my birth, 9/11, would forever be remembered as our Day of Infamy. • was working in Jersey City, N.J., directly across from the WTC on the other side of the Hudson River. After the planes hit, everyone stopped working and became fixated on Lower Manhattan. It never crossed my mind that the towers were in danger of collapsing. Unfortunately, I was mistaken. I had a front row seat as the first one collapsed and remember repeating, “This isn’t happening.” It was quite a surreal moment. I was in Steve Netter complete shock Graduate student and denial as I watched in horror and heard the screams around me. In no more than a few minutes, all of Lower Manhattan had disappeared in a dark cloud. In what seemed like moments later, boats started ferrying people out of New York to the dock outside our office building. A makeshift triage center was constructed and complete strangers worked together to carry the injured off the boats. The healthy were rushed inside to make use of the few phones that were still operational so they could let their loved ones know they were unharmed. • hen I think of Sept. 11 the images that stick in my mind are those of the thousands of people who tried their best to make a horrible situation somewhat better. But these people are not just the brave firemen who risked their lives in New York, I found a group of people here in Bloomington that helped make the day that should be my favorite date of the year into something that I will forever cherish. Sept. 11 was my 19th birthday, a day that should be filled with happiness and gifts, cakes, and whatEric Peterson not. The day though was forevSophomore er marred by an unspeakable event that will forever haunt that day. However, my friends here (that I met only a few weeks earlier) decided to try and put a smile on my face and make a party in the face of danger. My

best friend put together the most amazing suprise party I have ever had, a night where we couldn't find an open restaraunt to go to ... the party was instead brought to my front door. As I walked into the dorm of one of my other friends, I was led into the lounge where a giant "SURPRISE!" was yelled from behind couches and chairs. For those two hours we had the party that night, we were able to turn the anger and confusion of the day's events into a night filled with friendship and love ... the same two things that helped lead our nation out of the turmoil of that now-storied day. • think we will always remember the images, impressions and feelings that were part of our 9/11 experience. I will always remember the horrible and terrifying images of the planes going into the towers and the towers’ collapse. I will always remember the expressions on the faces of the firemen and the policemen, exhausted from grueling work and covered with soot, crying for their John losses and for Fernandez those of everyone Bloomington mayor around them. But I will also remember that for a brief period of time we were all one, united by a shared experience, a shared pain, and a shared desire to comfort one another – family, friend or stranger. This sense of unity and compassion may have settled a bit, but I think it would be a fitting tribute to the men and women who lost their lives on 9/11 to do what we can to nurture the spark. • very recent generation in our country’s history has identified with a tragic day. Our grandparents all remember exactly what they were doing when they heard about Pearl Harbor; our parents can all remember the fear and sadness that they felt when JFK was assassinated: Our generation will never forget Sept. 11, 2001. Like many students, I was woken up by my roommates on that tragic morning. Watching the events unfold on the big screen TV Bill Gray with my fraternity IUSA president brothers, I was overcome with disbelief, shock and anger. How could this happen? Being at IU made Sept. 11 more real to all of us. All of us knew someone who was personally touched by the events: be it a New Yorker living two doors down from you, a friend‚ parent that worked in the Pentagon, or someone with a friend on Flight 93. Because we were all here together, and not at our childhood homes, we all shared the grief together. In the days and weeks that followed, we all came together as a campus. The terrorists, fueled by ignorance and hate, were able to bring the towers down, but failed to destroy our socie-

ty. Every day that we go to class, and continue our search for knowledge, we do so not only in defiance to the terrorists, but also in support of all that is good in America. As students, we are their opposite, and their enemy, and they have failed to defeat us. When our graduation arrives, we take our place in American society and as people we are human evidence of exactly how strong the American people truly are. • n my personal experience it has made me more aware of the weaknesses in our country. We aren’t impenetrable. It made me think about the terrorism that occurs in other places on a day-to-day basis. Places that harvest this kind of hatred that have yet to solve their difKimberli ferences. It opened my Owens eyes to things Junior that happen globally. I also have a new value for life. I realize how precious each day of life is. • was really proud of myself when I was offered a federal job at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. If you haven't been there, the USHMM is on the Mall, across the Potomac River from the Pentagon, maybe three blocks from the Washington Monument. My first day of work was Sept. 10, 2001. I had a federal job. I had found easy Nicole Stuart street. Senior Funny how quickly things can change, especially when all hell breaks loose on your second day of work. Now, the USHMM is at a level five security, the same level as the White House. Security saw a plane fly low over the museum, and the rest, as they say, is history. The evacuation of the District was an interesting process. I was actually lucky to have taken the Metro (subway) to work. My coworkers, who had taken the bus from the Pentagon, had to find some other way home. It was only when I turned on the television that I realized the full extent of the mornings events. You see, I knew people who were at the Pentagon, the World Trade Center, and even people who were flying that day. I lived 10 minutes from Dulles International Airport. I lived minutes from Vienna, Virginia, where some of the terrorists had apparently been living. If you had told me on Sept. 10, 2001, that in one year, I would be back in Bloomington and back in school, I never would have believed you. But, as fate would have it, here I am.