Dolphins First: Dolphin-Aware Dolphin Communications in Multi-Hop Hop Underwater Cognitive Acoustic Networks
Abstract: Acoustic communication is the most versatile and widely used technology for underwater wireless networks. However, the frequencies used by current acoustic modems are heavily overlapped with the cetacean communication frequencies, where the man-made man made noise of underwater acoustic communications may have harmful or even fatal impact on those lovely marine mammals, e.g., dolphins. To pursue the environm environmental ental friendly design for sustainable underwater monitoring and exploration, specifically, to avoid the man-made man made interference to dolphins, in this paper, we propose a cognitive acoustic transmission scheme, called dolphin-aware aware data transmission (DAD-Tx), (DAD in multi multi-hop underwater acoustic networks. Different from the collaborative sensing approach and the simplified modeling of dolphins' activities in existing literature, we employ a probabilistic method to capture the stochastic characteristics of dolphins' communications, and mathematically describe the dolphin-aware dolphin constraint. Under dolphin-awareness awareness and wireless acoustic transmission constraints, we further formulate the DAD-Tx DAD Tx optimization problem aiming to maximize the endend to-end end throughput. Since the formulated problem contains probabilistic constraint and is NP-hard, hard, we leverage Bernstein approximation and develop a three-phase phase solution procedure with heuristic algorithms for feasible solutions.