Energy-Aware Aware Constrained Relay Node Deployment for Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract: This paper considers the problem of communication coverage for sustainable data forwarding in wireless sensor networks, where an energy energy-aware aware deployment model of relay nodes (RNs) is proposed. The model used in this paper considers constrained placement and d is different from the existing one one-tiered tiered and twotwo tiered models. It supposes two different types of sensor nodes to be deployed, energy rich nodes (ERNs), and energy limited nodes (ELNs). The aim is thus to use only the ERNs for relaying packets, while EELN's LN's use will be limited to sensing and transmitting their own readings. A minimum number of RNs is added if necessary to help ELNs. This intuitively ensures sustainable coverage and prolongs the network lifetime. The problem is reduced to the traditional problem of minimum weighted connected dominating set (MWCDS) in a vertex weighted graph. It is then solved by taking advantage of the simple form of the weight function, both when deriving exact and approximate solutions. Optimal solution is derived using integer linear programming (ILP), and a heuristic is given for the approximate solution. Upper bounds for the approximation of the heuristic (versus the optimal solution) and for its runtime are formally derived. The proposed model and solutions are also evaluated valuated by simulation. The proposed model is compared with the one-tiered and two-tiered tiered models when using similar solution to determine RNs positions, i.e., minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) calculation.