Enhanced Deployment Algorithms for Heterogeneous Directional Mobile Sensors in a Bounded Monitoring Area
Abstract: Good deployment of sensors empowers the network with effective monitoring ability. Different from omnidirectional sensors, the coverage region of a directional sensor is determined by not only the sensing radius (distance), but also its sensing orientation and spread angle. Heterogeneous sensing distances and spread angles are likely to exist among directional sensor sensors, s, to which we refer as heterogeneous directional sensors. In this paper, we target on a bounded monitoring area and deal with heterogeneous directional sensors equipped with locomotion and rotation facilities to enable the sensors self self-deployment. deployment. Two Enhanced anced Deployment Algorithms, EDA EDA-I and EDA-II, II, are proposed to achieve high sensing coverage ratio in the monitored field. EDA EDA-II leverages the concept of virtual forces (for sensors movements) and virtual boundary torques (for sensors rotations), whereas EDA-IIII combines Voronoi diagram directed movements and boundary torques guided rotations. EDA EDA-II computations can be centralized or distributed that differ in required energy and execution time, whereas EDA-II EDA only allows centralized calculations. Our EDA EDA-II outperforms EDA-II in centralized operations, while EDA-II can be adapted into a distributed deployment algorithm without requiring global information and still achieves comparably good coverage performance to its centralized version. To the best of our kno knowledge, wledge, this is perhaps the first work to employ movements followed by rotations for sensors