DAILY TIGER
40TH INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL ROTTERDAM #7 WEDNESDAY 2 FEBRUARy 2011
Jason Wood, Director of Programming at Artifical Eye, with Jo Blair, Senior Programmer at City Screen, at last night's CineMart Drinks, hosted by Binger Filmlab. For details of Binger's new collaboration with CineMart and the Hubert Bals Fund, see page 3.
NEDERLANDSE EDITIE Z.O.Z
photo: Corinne de Korver
East is West The IFFR’s Red Westerns strand celebrates the Soviet Union’s spin on American cowboy movies. By Geoffrey Macnab.
Blame Joseph Stalin. The Soviet leader was a big fan of John Ford westerns. In the 1930s, Uncle Joe is reported to have called in a top official from the Film Ministry, shown him a western and told him “that is what you should do.” The directive from the dictator eventually led to Mikhail Romm making The Thirteen (1936), inspired by Ford’s 1934 war film The Lost Patrol. This was one of the first ‘Red Westerns’ – that’s to say, westerns made in the Eastern bloc. The form is celebrated in IFFR’s sidebar Signals: Red Westerns. Trophies
It turns out that Hollywood westerns were far more widely disseminated behind the Iron Curtain than is often supposed. Uzbek director Ali Khamraev (in Rotterdam for the screening of his rousing 1972 movie The Seventh Bullet) remembers that, when he was at the State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), he and his fellow students knew all about American westerns. “We were studying American
The Seventh Bullet
films and we knew what westerns were all about. After the war, the Soviet authorities were showing films taken as trophies”, the 73-year-old director recalls of how so many Hollywood westerns turned up in Russia. He, too, remembers John Ford westerns with particular fondness. In the 1960s, Khamraev recalls, The Magnificent Seven was hugely popular in the Soviet Union. He estimates that as many as 100 million people may have seen the John Sturges classic, and that many youngsters tried to imitate Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen. Not that the authorities acknowledged just how many citizens were clamouring to see the film. The official box-office figures were deliberately massaged downwards. Khamraev himself saw The Magnificent Seven five times. “There were people who would go twelve or thirteen times.” His own film The Seventh Bullet, a western-style yarn set during the 1920s Civil War, was named partially as a tribute to the Hollywood classic. What does the title mean? “The seventh bullet is always meant to kill the enemy”, the director explains. Broken knee
This week, IFFR programmer Ludmila Cvikova (who curated the Red Westerns sidebar) admits she has been very excited indeed about one aspect of the programme – Gojko Mitic is in town! To anyone growing up in Eastern Europe in the late communist era, Mitic is a totemic figure: a kind of John Wayne of the East. Not that he played cowboys. In movies like The Sons of Great Bear (1966) and Chingachook: The Great Snake (1967), Mitic played Native American heroes, fighting back against the ‘white man’. When Cvikova was a kid in what was then Czechoslovakia, the Mitic films were regularly on TV. “We
were playing Indians all the time … and I was Gojka Mitic, always! All my older friends were in love with him but I was just too little.” During the late 1960s, when she was pretending to be Mitic and smoking a “peace pipe”, her irate father came running after her. “I broke my knee.” Here in Rotterdam, Cvikovka is due to meet her idol after 30 years. What was she planning to say to him? “I think I will be shy but I think we all will tell him – oh, you were our hero when we were young!” Range
The Red Westerns sidebar contains a wide range of films: experimental, early Soviet titles like Lev Kuleshov’s The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924) and Kuleshov’s By The Law (1924); films by Lithuanian directors (1966’s No One Wanted To Die by Vitautas Zalakiavichus) and Bulgarian and Romanian movies too. As Cvikova puts it, “you must understand, there is not one type of film. There are many, with many different heroes, made in the Soviet Republic or central Asia or Czechoslovakia or Romania.” She points out that these ‘Red Westerns’ are interesting not just because of their novelty or subject matter: they are really well-made films, and not exercises in kitsch. Many viewers, especially in the Soviet Union, thought they were watching authentic westerns. These films – the communist answer to American cowboy films – have been shown from time to time in piecemeal fashion on the festival circuit. Rotterdam offers a rare chance to see these movies together, under one umbrella. COLLECTIVE
On a whistlestop trip to Rotterdam, Gojko Mitic was self-deprecting about his status as the Red Western’s biggest heartthrob. The Serbian former
filmfestivalrotterdam.com
No One Wanted to Die
athlete, who got his job in the film industry as a stunt double on a western film shooting in Belgrade called The Sword of Lancelot, points out that certain of his films were seen by as many as 11 million people in the GDR. That was more than half the population. After three westerns, he wanted to stop because he felt he was becoming typecast. However, the public made such an outcry that he stuck with the western genre, eventually making a dozen films, some of which he also co-scripted. No, he wasn’t especially well paid. “I liked it because we were all equal and we were all standing together as a collective. There weren’t individual stars!”
Extra FILM Egyptian film 678 has been added to the IFFR 2011 programme. The film – which picked up Muhr awards for best actress and best actor at the Dubai Film Festival 2010 – screens today at 20:00 hours in Cinerama 3. Egyptian filmmaker Ibrahim El Batout’s Hawi – a Hubert Bals Fund supported film already selected for IFFR 2011 – also screens today, at 17:30 in Cinerama 4.