IHDP_AR_2002

I N T E R N AT I O N A L H U M A N D I M E N S I O N S P R O G R A M M E O N G L O B A L E N V I R O N M E N TA L C H A N G E

ANNUAL REPORT

2002 © IHDP 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Number

Forewords

3

Foreword by the Past and Present Chair

3

Foreword by the Past and Present Executive Officer

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Part I – Introduction

4

Part II – Major Events

5

International Human Dimensions Workshop 2002

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World Summit on Sustainable Development

5

Part III – Core Projects

6

Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS)

6

Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDGEC)

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Industrial Transformation (IT)

12

Land-Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC)

15

Part IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

18

Global Carbon Project (GCP)

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Global Environmental Change and Food Systems (GECAFS)

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Global Water Systems Project (GWSP)

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Part V – Initiatives

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Mountain Research Initiative (MRI)

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Urbanisation

25

Vulnerability

26

Science for Sustainable Development

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Endorsed Networks

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Part VI – National Committees & Seed Grants

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National Committees for Human Dimensions Research

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Seed Grant Initiative

28

Part VII – SC and Secretariat

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Communications and Publications

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IHDP Scientific Committee

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Secretariat Funding Sources in 2002

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Secretariat Staff in 2002

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Appendix – List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Foreword

FOREWORD BY THE PAST AND PRESENT CHAIR IHDP has made much progress in highlighting the central role of the coupled human-environmental interface and improving our understanding of the complexities of global change. Several actors are required to enable such progress. Firstly, the network of researchers willing to put together, on a voluntary basis, their energies and insights to build up an international platform that relates to a variety of stakeholders. Secondly, the researchers’ representatives in the Scientific Committee framing the visions and configuring the governance and action plans; and thirdly, the co-ordination efforts of the secretariat staff that fosters the researchers’ interactions and helps to realize their plans. The Chair of the Scientific Committee is a mediator between the aforementioned actors, in effective co-operation with the Executive Director.

Having served on the Scientific Committee since 1995, I have seen the combined efforts of all these actors build a programme that provides important services to stakeholders as well as to the research community. Perhaps the best indication of the development of IHDP is the substantial growth in demands for contributions from the human dimensions research community that we have seen in recent years. (Arild Underdal) As a new Chair of the Scientific Committee I look forward to continuing the many efforts of those who preceded me. Some of the challenges in the upcoming years include crafting a synthesis of IHDP research, linking global environmental change research with sustainable development – mindful of some of the complex scientific questions triggered by the WSSD-process – and strengthening human dimensions research networks and scientific capacity, particularly in the South. (Coleen Vogel) The IHDP has been managed very productively in the last years by Jill Jäger as Executive Director. Her commitment to consolidating the human dimensions perspective on global change was outstanding. We would like to thank her for all her efforts, personal sacrifice, and endless energy that such an important task required. As we embark on a new phase of IHDP, we welcome Barbara Göbel, who in November 2002 succeeded Jill in this position.

Arild Underdal and Coleen Vogel

FOREWORD BY THE PAST AND PRESENT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR During the year 2002, we continued to make progress in the implementation of our core research projects. The year saw an increased involvement of IHDP in the Earth System Science Partnership of the four international global change programmes and major steps in essential capacity-building activities. We enhanced the dialogue with our scientific sponsors, the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC), at the same time the renewal of funding of the IHDP Secretariat from the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research and the US National Science Foundation ensured the continuation of the IHDP Secretariat in Bonn.

2002 was also a year of transitions. After more than six years in the IHDP Scientific Committee and three years as Chair, Arild Underdal (Norway) handed over to Coleen Vogel (South Africa) in mid-2002. The term of Eckart Ehlers (Germany), first Chair of the IHDP SC and likewise a member of the Scientific Committee from the very beginning, came to an end in December 2002. On behalf of the entire human dimensions

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PART I – Introduction

research community, we thank Arild and Eckart for their enormous efforts in shaping and supporting the programme.

The challenges for IHDP are large. The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg provided a stimulus for several further meetings that demonstrated the importance of human dimensions research in achieving transitions to sustainable development. And the scientific, political and societal demands for this research continue to grow. This Annual Report demonstrates the strength that IHDP has developed to meet these challenges.

Jill Jäger and Barbara Göbel

INTRODUCTION Becoming the Chair of the IHDP Scientific Committee (Coleen Vogel) and the Executive Director of the programme (Barbara Göbel), at this time in the development of global change science and after the WSSD Summit, is both an honour as well as a great challenge. The IHDP has attained a maturity that is reflected in its four core projects: GECHS (Global Environmental Change and Human Security), IDGEC (Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change), IT (Industrial Transformations), and LUCC (Land Use and Land Cover Change). In the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) of the four major global change programmes the human dimensions play now an important role. Jointly, integrative projects on carbon, food, and water are being developed. A fourth joint project on health is under discussion. In addition to their research activities, the core and the joint projects are working on capacity building, the policy-making interface and on networking. Great progress was made in the past years, with much energy spent on establishing the projects and in crafting their scientific plans. Now that the projects’ implementation phase is starting or already developing, there is the need to push for further integration of the core projects by building up stronger interlinkages. The IHDP should soon be able to develop a distinct position and perspective on key aspects emerging in the human dimensions of global change (e.g. vulnerability and resilience; thresholds and transitions; sustainable development). This process is of great relevance for the integrative science frame within the Earth System Science Partnership.

In the next years we want to work on a synthesis process of human dimensions research that will include: Developing a social science perspective on global environmental change by strengthening the IHDP networks within the social sciences, foster North-South dialogues as well as South-South dialogues within and between the global environmental change research communities.

Developing an IHDP perspective on the Earth System Science Partnership by promoting integrative research strategies. This should include a reflection on the particular challenges of international, interdisciplinary projects regarding theory, methodology, and project design.

Developing an IHDP scientific perspective and action-oriented knowledge on some key issues that have emerged from various international political efforts (e.g. the WSSD Summit). Translate and diffuse this knowledge to a wide audience (e.g. the next generation of scientists in global environmental change and political decision makers).

We are looking forward to engaging with the wider human dimensions research community in this endeavour.

Coleen Vogel (Chair, IHDP) and Barbara Göbel (Executive Director, IHDP)

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PART II – Major Events

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN DIMENSIONS WORKSHOP 2002 On June 2–15, 2002 IHDP and START hosted the third bi-annual International Human Dimensions Workshop (IHDW) for young scientists. 32 young scholars from 20 countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa and, for the first time, from Russia and Eastern Europe came to Bonn to exchange their views on the workshop theme: “Urbanisation and the Transition to Sustainability.”

The main objective of the workshop was to develop a comprehensive and integrated perspective on issues related to global environmental change in urban areas.

The speakers and participants from different fields were encouraged to develop an interdisciplinary approach to this subject. In lectures and panels the participants were exposed to a wide range of topics reflecting the complex and dynamic range of societal and environmental interactions characterizing urban surroundings. The last two days of the workshop were dedicated to presentations by the participants, who had begun to work on individual case studies weeks before the workshop started.

The workshop was very efficient in building up a network of young and senior scholars working in the field of global environmental change and urbanisation. The workshop homepage contains all relevant information including a link to the final report.

WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The year 2002 saw the international community gather for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 26 August to 4 September, set to evaluate the implementation of Agenda 21. The scientific community also took an active part in the WSSD process, particularly through the International Council for Science (ICSU), one of IHDP’s sponsoring organisations.

IHDP researchers gave input to several official statements that ICSU made in the Summit preparation process. Within the framework of the Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development, ICSU, together with the Third World Academy of Sciences and the World Federation of Engineering Organisations, organised a series of events in Ubuntu Village, Johannesburg, during the Summit. IHDP Executive Director Jill Jäger was invited to participate in the forum on behalf of IHDP. She gave a presentation on “Science and Technology for Sustainable Development” and with Jose Goldemberg co-chaired a session on “Decoupling Economic Growth and Environmental Impact: Past Trends and Prospects for the Future”, organised by the Swedish Environmental Advisory Council. Oran Young, Chair of the IDGEC Scientific Steering Committee, attended the Summit as an observer at the invitation of the International Social Science Council, IHDP’s other scientific sponsor.

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www.ihdp.uni-bonn. de/ihdw02/index. htm

PART III – Core Projects

CORE PROJECTS So far, IHDP has set up four core projects addressing key questions to understand the complex interactions between humans and the earth system: Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS) Industrial Transformation (IT) Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDGEC) Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC, together with IGBP) IHDP is still a “young” programme compared to a number of other global change programmes and initiatives. However, all core projects developed, triggered or endorsed considerable scientific activities in 2002. LUCC, with the longest history, is entering its synthesizing phase producing a whole range of publications. The other three core projects have been implementing their science plans for about three years now. Undoubtedly, they have been very successful in generating some really new cross-cutting approaches and establishing active and productive research networks. Entering the stage of maturity now, the focus of GECHS, IDGEC and IT shifts to generating sound answers to the questions on their science agendas.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN SECURITY (GECHS) Human security is achieved when individuals and communities have the capacity to overcome vulnerability and respond positively to environmental stress and other threats to their wellbeing. The overall purpose of the GECHS project is to stimulate research on how environmental change can pose a threat to human security and to investigate means for reducing these insecurities. Working with policy makers and communities, GECHS researchers investigate relationships between global environmental change and human security within selected regions, examine and assess available options for enhancing human security and identify obstacles that communities might face in overcoming environmental changes. Key cross-cutting themes emerging from GECHS research include assessments of human vulnerability to global environmental change and of the relations between conflict and the degradation of environmental resources.

GECHS Scientific Steering Committee members made significant contributions to the development and promotion of the GECHS research agenda in several areas throughout 2002. Richard Matthew (University of California, USA) represented GECHS at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in South Africa, where he participated in a “Dialogue on Environmental Resources and Social Conflict” as

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part of the Environmental and Security Day. His new book Conserving the Peace, a collection of case studies illustrating the interrelations of security, environment and human well-being, was launched as part of this event. Karen O’Brien (CICERO, Norway) obtained a two-year grant from the Canadian International Development Agency and the Government of Norway to carry out a project on the Vulnerability of Indian Agriculture to Climate Change and Globalisation. The partners in this project are TERI (India), CICERO (Norway), Rutgers University (USA) and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (Canada).

Several new research initiatives were set in motion by the GECHS SSC and IPO throughout 2002. Mike Brklacich (Carleton University, Canada) and Karen O’Brien received a one-year grant from ICSU to develop a longer-term project on human vulnerability in the context of South Africa. A key objective of the project is to integrate vulnerability research with the policy formulation process in the region. Starting in 2003, Nils Petter Gleditsch (University of Oslo, Norway) will lead a new 10year study investigating environmental factors in civil war. Maureen Woodrow (GECHS IPO, Canada), in collaboration with Canada’s National Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN), will organise and host a conference on vulnerability and adaptation in coastal communities to be held in Canada in August 2003.

GECHS research activities in 2002 extended well beyond the project and contributed to the development of the larger global environmental change agenda.

Chris Cocklin (Monash University, Australia) and Kwasi Nsiah-Gyabaah (Sunyani Polytechnic University, Ghana) played leading roles in IHDP approaches to understand urban perspectives on global environmental change. Their contributions included leading sessions in the IHDP Young Scientist Workshop on urbanization held in Bonn in June 2002, as well as contributing to the IHDP scoping report on urbanization and global environmental change.

GECHS has also been active in research activities that extend beyond IHDP-led initiatives. Chris Cocklin and Mike Brklacich contributed to the development of a new initiative within Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC), a core project within IGBP, which focuses on the interacting roles of natural and human-induced changes on marine ecosystems and the reciprocal nature of impacts and forcing functions between coastal communities and changes in marine ecosystems.

GECHS also contributed to the newly established cross-cutting projects initiated under the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP). Karen O’Brien and Mike Brklacich continued to contribute to the development of the Global Environmental Change and Food Systems (GECAFS) project, with Mike Brklacich serving as the GECAFS vicechair. Steve Lonergan (University of Victoria, Canada) maintains an active research programme on water security issues and ensured GECHS interests were represented within the Global Water Project. The GECHS SSC was also a major contributor to a new Edward Elgar publication entitled Human Security and the Environment. This book was released in 2002 and includes contributions from Chris Cocklin, Nils Petter Gleditsch, Edgar Gutierrez (University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica), Fred Langeweg (RIVM, The Netherlands), Steve Lonergan and Kwasi NsiahGyabaah.

The GECHS Scientific Steering Committee annual meeting was held in Moscow in November, with Elena Nikitina (Russian Academy of Science, Russia) hosting the event. GECHS continued its tradition of interacting with the local science community and participated in seminars with Nina Poussenkova (Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy

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PART III – Core Projects

and International Relations) on “Carbon Flows Between Eastern and Western Europe” and Eugene Krassinets (Institute of Social and Economic Problems of Population) on “Illegal Migration and Employment in a Transition Economy: The Case of Russia”.

A major undertaking for GECHS was the relocation of its International Project Office (IPO) to Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada) at the end of August 2002. The GECHS IPO had been located at the University of Victoria (Victoria, Canada) since the project’s establishment in 1999 and the GECHS SSC bid adieu to Ann Zurbrigg (Project Manager 1999–2002) at its annual meeting in Moscow. Maureen Woodrow joined the GECHS IPO as the Project’s Executive Officer, which includes responsibility for project management, research support and developing new GECHS research activities. The IPO relocation was supported by a new two-year grant from Procter and Gamble (P&G) Canada. The partnership with P&G also includes additional support for the AVISO Policy Bulletin as well as a graduate research fellowship.

SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Mike Brklacich, Chair Carleton University, Ottawa, CA

Steve Lonergan University of Victoria, Victoria, CA

Chris Cocklin Monash University, Victoria, AU

Richard Matthew University of California, Irvine, USA

Nils Petter Gleditsch International Peace Research Institute Oslo, NO

Elena Nikitina Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RU

Edgar Gutierrez-Espeleta Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR

Kwasi Nsiah-Gyabaah Sunyani Polytechnic, Sunyani – Brong Ahafo, GH

Betsy Hartmann Hampshire College, Amherst, USA

Karen O’Brien Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, NO

Fred Langeweg Rijksinstitut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven, NL

Maureen Woodrow (Executive Officer) GECHS International Project Office Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive · Ottawa, ON · Canada K1S 5B6 T: +1 613 520 2600, ext. 1984 · F: +1 613 520 4301 mwoodrow@ccs.carleton.ca · www.gechs.org

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PART III – Core Projects

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE (IDGEC) The project on the Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDGEC) seeks to stimulate research into the roles that institutions play in causing and confronting environmental problems. IDGEC’s research priorities form a hierarchical sequence that moves from broadly theoretical to more applied concerns by addressing matters of (1) causality – to which extent is variance in the condition of ecosystems attributable to the effects of institutions? (2) performance – why are some institutional responses to environmental problems more successful than others? (3) design – how can we structure institutions to enhance their performance? The project pays particular attention to questions relating to the fit between institutions and ecosystems; the interplay between distinct institutions; and the prospects for scaling up/down findings relating to institutions that operate at different levels of social organisation. IDGEC has launched three flagship activities focused on ocean governance (Performance of the Exclusive Economic Zones – PEEZ), forest management (Political Economy of Tropical and Boreal Forests – PEF), and climate change (Carbon Management Research Activity – CMRA). Two cross-cutting themes on knowledge and compliance are also being developed. IDGEC forges partnerships with organisations in the science and policy communities concerned with institutional issues, and maintains a network of individual researchers who are interested in co-ordinating their efforts with others working on the institutional dimensions of global environmental change.

The IDGEC SSC held its fourth meeting in Bali, Indonesia, in the beginning of June 2002. The SSC welcomed several new members and bid goodbye to several old friends who had served on the SSC for the past three years. Leaving the SSC were Elena Andreeva (Russia), Peter Sand (Germany), Angela Cropper (Trinidad and Tobago), Scott Barrett (USA) and Yoshiki Yamagata (Japan). New members included Taishi Sugiyama (Japan), Jyrki Luukannen (Finland), and Arild Underdal (Norway).

Daniel Arce (USA) and Song Li (China/USA) joined the SSC after the meeting.

The IDGEC IPO received a supplemental grant from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) to support three pilot projects to move forward the IDGEC network initiative and the Policy Links publication series. Through a series of competitive calls for papers, the grant will be used to enable several young scholars to attend IDGEC-sponsored workshops. It will cover the production cost of several publications in the Policy Links series. Finally, the grant will be used to develop and test the utility of web-conferencing software in a variety of settings.

Immediately following the SSC meeting, a second PEEZ workshop was held in Bali.

Thirty international experts participated in a symposium on the sustainable use of the EEZ in the Asia Pacific region, presenting papers that examined the extent to which the EEZ, as an institution, has facilitated or obstructed the sustainable use and development of marine resources.

This June 2002 PEEZ symposium ended with a meeting of the Arafura-Timor Seas Forum (ATSF), an emerging international soft law agreement between the states of

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PART III – Core Projects

Australia, Indonesia and East Timor. The IDGEC-inspired ATSF has been registered as a multilateral partnership with the UN WSSD. The purpose of this institution is to ensure sustainable use of the living resources in this region. As the focus of IDGEC research, the ATSF provides a compelling case to examine the institutional drivers of illegal fishing, to design institutions for effective fisheries regulation, and to craft optimal institutional solutions for coastal resource use.

PEEZ team leader Alf Håkon Hoel received funding for the “Norwegian PEEZ” from the Norwegian Research Council and the University of Tromsø. The funding will span a period of four years and allow the Norwegian team to provide salaries for one post-doctoral researcher, one doctoral student and half of two senior research positions. The grant also provided funding for a third PEEZ workshop at the University of Tromsø, held in September 2002. Plans are underway for an edited volume of papers presented at the PEEZ workshops held over the past two years. Are Sydnes and Syma Ebbin will be co-editors of the volume.

IDGEC research fellow, Frank Alcock, authored a successful grant proposal, “Assessing the Performance of EEZs: Fisheries Management, Trade and Human Livelihoods.”

The grant from Duke University will fund a PEEZ-related workshop at Duke University in the autumn of 2003.

Two CMRA activities are in progress: an agent-based model of compliance and a scenario-based model of emissions trading in the 21st century. Through the efforts of IDGEC project leader Oran Young, IDGEC has actively participated in the development of the joint IGBP/IHDP/WCRP Global Carbon Project (GCP) Science Plan and Implementation Strategy. It is envisioned that future CMRA research efforts will directly contribute to the GCP. Funded by the Asia Pacific Network (APN), the PEF team just completed a series of case studies on the political economy of forests in Southeast Asian countries. The team is currently working on a second APN-funded project focused on the connection of sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity with resilience and risk in Southeast Asia. The team is also developing another proposal for APN funding for a study comparing tropical and boreal forest governance.

IDGEC sponsored a panel on “Knowledge and Institutions” at the March 2002 annual conference of the International Studies Association (ISA) in New Orleans, USA. Two IDGEC panels on knowledge and institutions, co-sponsored by the German Political Science Association, are scheduled for the March 2003 conference of the ISA. An agreement has been reached with the publishers of the journal International Environmental Agreements to produce a special issue that will include papers from the 2003 ISA conference.

IDGEC has focused on bolstering partnerships with other global change projects. Notably, IDGEC has been having discussions on possibilities for collaboration with the IGBP project on “Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone” (LOICZ) as well as GLOBEC Focus 4. A group of IDGEC and LOICZ representatives met after the June PEEZ symposium to discuss these issues. http://fiesta.bren.ucs b.edu/~idgec/html/ publications/publica tions.html

A list of IDGEC publications is accessible via their website. The IDGEC international project office was hosted

by Dartmouth College but has relocated and is now hosted by the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, Santa Barbara. It is run by Syma A. Ebbin, Executive Officer.

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PART III – Core Projects

SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Oran Young, Chair Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Santa Barbara, USA

Paul Mathieu Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, IT

Russell Reichelt, (deputy chair) James Cook University, Townsville, AU

Madiodio Niasse World Conservation Union, Ouagadougou, BF

Daniel Arce Rhodes College, Memphis, USA Alf Hoel University of Tromsø, NO Leslie King, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, CA Song Li Global Environment Facility, Arlington, USA Jyrki Luukkanen Finland Futures Research Centre, Tampere, FI

Suparb Pas-ong Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, TH Agus Sari Pelangi, Jakarta, ID Taishi Sugiyama Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, JP Arild Underdal University of Oslo, NO Merrilyn Wasson Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Syma Ebbin (Executive Officer) IDGEC International Project Office · 4526 Bren Hall Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131 · USA T: +1 860 445 0113 · F: +1 603 646 1279 IDGEC@bren.ucsb.edu · www2.bren.ucsb.edu/~idgec

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PART III – Core Projects

INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION (IT) After four years, the IT project is now entering a phase of taking stock and furthering the implementation of the IT Science Plan.

The main challenge for the IT research remains the exploration of possibilities to de-couple economic growth from its negative consequences for environmental quality.

Much disciplinary work is underway in the field of science and policy-making, contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of systems transformation and exploring the extent to which innovative pathways can shape these processes. IT is a multifaceted research community representing a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary schools and approaches. During the last year, IT has continued its efforts to bring together these various schools and to stimulate convergence in the attempts to conceptualise the conditions under which substantial changes in society-environment interactions and in the complex consumption and production patterns can be achieved. Four new members from different disciplines have agreed to join the Scientific Steering Committee that actively supports the endeavour to form a community working under a common paradigm.

The year 2002 was marked by the implementation of the IT Science Plan and by a number of regional workshops to build an international IT community. Many of the meetings aimed at capacity building and networking while others were devoted to specific topics or IT-endorsed projects. Reports on the workshops and activities during the last year are available on the IT website.

In January 2002, the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) coordinated a workshop at Kitakyushu in Japan. It provided the forum for an ongoing IT-endorsed research project conducted by two research groups under the APN-funded Mega-City project, namely: the North Asia Study Group coordinated by Hidefumi Imura; and the South Asia Study Group coordinated by A.P. Mitra. The workshop also invited other researchers and experts in the field of sustainable urban development to exchange their experiences and views for the Asian region and discuss the types of research that might be able to contribute to actual urban policy and planning. http://130.37.129.1 00/english/o_o/insti tuten/IVM/research/ ihdp-it/events/idex. htm

In May, a workshop on IT in Germany aimed to identify possibilities for the initiation of IT-related research in Germany. It was organised by the German National Committee on Global Change Research (NKGCF) and the IT International Project Office. The meeting resulted in a number of endorsement requests becoming positively approved by the IT Scientific Steering Committee.

http://130.37.129.1 00/english/o_o/ instituten/IVM/ research/ihdp-it/ implementation/ govtrans.htm

The workshop on “Transitions towards Sustainability through System Innovation” (July 2002) was organised by Twente University in the Netherlands. The key starting point for this workshop was that any change towards sustainability requires a high level of socio-cultural change coupled to a similar high level of technological change. The workshop made a first step towards the systemisation and elaboration of a body of knowledge related to this issue by bringing insights and experiences together and constructing a research agenda relevant for policy-making.

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PART III – Core Projects

The workshop on “Societal Transitions in Southeast Asia” (Aug 02) in Ho-ChiMinh-City, Vietnam, linked material flow analysis in Southeast Asia with the economic development in the area in the last 20 years. The levels of analysis included both the macro-economic sphere and small social communities. The integration of these levels enabled not only an in-depth understanding of social dynamics within the various institutions of society, but also helped identify points and targets for political interventions. Four independent country reports will be prepared and ready for publication by summer 2003 to provide, for the very first time, a comprehensive and empirically rich information source on ‘environment and development’ in these countries, with shared methodologies allowing for direct comparisons.

The workshop on “The Sustainability of Large Scale International Trade of Energy from Biomass – Potentials, Options, Criteria and Implementation for Large Scale Export of Energy from Biomass from the MERCOSUR to NW-Europe” (Sep 02) was organised by the IT IPO in co-operation with Utrecht University in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Due to a very complex set of physiological, technical, socio-economic, and political as well as cultural factors that influence the actual potentials of biomass for energy production on a regional scale, existing insights in this field are rather poor. The workshop explored the potentials of international biomass trade, its effects and conditions in ecological, social and economical terms on different scales and optimal legal and institutional frameworks for a biomass market.

http://130.37.129.

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The second workshop of the project on “Carbon Flows between Eastern and Western Europe” (CFEWE, financed by the EU) was organised by the IT IPO in Amsterdam in September 2002. Its research focuses on the extent to and ways in which climate policies could influence the flow of energy and carbon resources between Eastern and Western Europe, affect energy investments in Europe, and transform national energy supply and demand. The initial hypothesis was that maximising carbon flows would be a cheaper and less disruptive way of achieving carbon reduction targets in the EU, but that this would be at the expense of greater dependency for energy on Russia, and less restructuring and innovation within the EU. The second workshop of this project focused on assessing the interaction between different trends in climate policy and energy markets with regard to carbon flows. The scientific results of this project will be published in a special issue of International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. The workshop reports, the project’s final report, brochure and posters are available from the IT website.

http://130.37.129.

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A series of four IT-endorsed workshops on “Shaping Sustainable Transformation” from September 2002 to May 2003 brings together researchers from various national, sectoral and disciplinary domains of knowledge. The objective is to explore different approaches to shape transformation processes in a socio-ecological system context. This series is part of a larger capacity building project on “knowledge interfaces”, which is coordinated by the Institute for Applied Ecology in Freiburg, Germany. The results of the project will be published in an edited volume with contributions from workshop participants and other authors.

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www.sustainabletransformation.net

PART III – Core Projects

http://130.37.129.1 00/english/o_o/instituten/IVM/research/i hdp-it/implementation/index.htm http://130.37.129.1 00/english/o_o/ instituten/IVM/ research/ihdp-it/ reference.htm www.ihdp.uni-bonn. de/html/publica tions/publications. html

In 2002, a literature database on Industrial Transformation and related issues was built up to make relevant and interesting literature available to the IT community.

It is the first reference manager on the issue of transformations and is now available to the public. Among other things, it compiles disciplinary literature that contributes to a better understanding of the constant transformations that affect the world’s societies. The selection will certainly remain incomplete, however, the staff of the IT IPO will do their best to keep the reference manager up-to-date and expanded over time so that it serves as a useful tool in finding one’s way in the area of IT. Finally, for catching up with the current state of research in the field of transformations research, the first issue of UPDATE in 2003, whose focus lies on Industrial Transformation, provides a comprehensive and readable overview over the latest developments within the IT project.

The IPO, in co-operation with the Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), every year hosts a number of Canadian trainees within the framework of the Young Canadian Leaders for a Sustainable Future International Internship Program of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). The trainees work at IVM for 6 months and commit half of this time to assisting in the Industrial Transformation (IT) research and office activities.

The structural funds for the operation of the International Project Office of IT come from the Dutch Ministries VROM (Environment and Spatial Planning), EZ (Economic Issues), LNV (Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Fisheries) and V&W (Transport and Water management).

SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Pier Vellinga, Chair Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NL Marina Fischer-Kowalski Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Austrian Universities, Vienna, AT

Nina Poussenkova Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RU Richard Rockwell University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA

Ken Green Manchester School of Management, UK

Leena Srivastava The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, IN

Stuart Hart University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA

Luis Vieira Brazilian Agricultural Research Cooperation, Brasilia, BR

Hidefumi Imura Nagoya University, JP

Anna Wieczorek (Executive Officer) IT International Project Office Institute of Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1087 · 1081 HV Amsterdam · The Netherlands T: +31 20 4449504 · F: +31 20 4449553 Anna.J.Wieczorek@ivm.vu.nl · www.vu.nl/ivm/research/ihdp-it/

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PART III – Core Projects

LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER CHANGE (LUCC) Research discussions within the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) of the LUCC project have revealed that over the last few years our understanding of the patterns and drivers of land-use change has been altered in a major way. Efforts now focus on producing syntheses of knowledge in different areas of rapid land-cover change and on integrating the rates of change with causal patterns.

In the last year, the LUCC project entered a phase in which the outcomes of research on the causes of global land use change for some important classes of land change (Focus 1) were systematically integrated and synthesized with research results on the global dynamics of land cover (Focus 2). The LUCC project shall soon be able to provide the modelling to increase the realism of simulations of the processes leading to land-use change (Focus 3) and provide the wider science community with quantitative, spatially explicit data for scenario development.

The quest for further knowledge on the causes of land-use change is supported by a network of case studies that represent the variety of human-environment conditions and multiple organisational levels influencing changes in land-use. A two-fold approach has been taken. First, additional case studies have been developed, as can be seen from the portfolio of an increased number of scientific investigations through endorsed projects and regional networks. In these case studies, linking household-level information to remote sensing data has become an important tool to increase our understanding of land-use dynamics. Second, the synthesis of knowledge through the comparative analysis of cases has been broadened and improved in the form of meta-analyses, i.e. statistical techniques to synthesize results from individual studies. On tropical deforestation, e.g., it has been found that a set of recurrent, underlying driving forces (demographic, technological, economic, political, and cultural factors) contributes to a limited set of proximate causes (agricultural expansion, infrastructure extension, wood extraction), with clear regional distinctions of the patterns of causal synergy. For drylands, the number of properties of systems dynamics (thresholds, feedback loops) inherent to desertification has been found to be much higher, mainly due to the coupled impact of human causes and biophysical factors. Slow dryland changes have been quantified and distinguished from fast changes, thus supporting empirically the Dahlem paradigm in stating that ‘desertification’ is a process of sudden or gradual decline in the slow variables collectively governing the trajectory towards (non-)sustainable land use. On agricultural change, the importance of widely-theorised causal factors as population growth and market demand was confirmed, though the effects of these factors are always modulated by a set of institutional factors, especially property regimes and governmental and non-governmental programmes. Strong regional trends are evident, e.g. in the nature of changes in property regimes, with the Latin American experience in land reform being quite distinct from trends in the privatisation of communal land holdings in Africa. In addition, a diffuse set of equity issues, including economic and gender differentiation, holds strong factors that can explain why farmers do or do not change their production systems.

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Lambin EF, Geist HJ 2001. Global landuse/land-cover changes: What have we learned so far?

IGBP Global Change Newsletter. No. 46, pp. 27-30.1

Fox J, Rindfuss RR, Walsh SJ, Mishra V 2002 (eds). People and the Environment: Approaches for Linking Household and Community Surveys to Remote sensing and GIS. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

Geist HJ, Lambin EF 2002. Proximate Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of Tropical Deforestation. BioScience. Vol. 52(2), pp. 143-150.

Reynolds J, Stafford Smith M 2002 (eds).

Do Humans create deserts? The ecological, meteorological, and human dimensions of global desertification. Dahlem University Press: Berlin.

PART III – Core Projects

Ramankutty N, Goldewijk KK, Leemans R, Foley J, Oldfield F 2001.

Land cover change over the last three centuries due to human activities.

IGBP Global Change Newsletter. No. 47, pp.17–19.

Joint efforts of LUCC, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), and the Global Observations of Land Dynamics (GOLD/GOFC) have arrived at a synthesised description of the areas affected by rapid land-cover change during the last fifteen to twenty years by various classes of change. The exercise, based on existing databases, helps to focus attention on the areas experiencing the most significant landcover changes (‘hot spots’) and to identify change processes for which only poor information and data are available. A synthesis of all previous research on the subject at regional to global scales (e.g. deforestation, intensification, soil degradation, desertification, urban expansion, exceptional fires) is being carried out. The final product is a recent 1km-resolution global land-cover base map (GLC2000), on which the areas affected by significant land-cover change are identified by colour codes for different processes of land-cover change. For each change patch, a description of the nature of the change, date, causes, impacts, detection method and references is included. It complements the improvements made by longerterm cover analyses.

The further development of the synthesis of LUCC research will be of overriding importance, especially the integration of Focus 1 and 2 research results into modelling. A number of implementation tools and/or activities are projected or already in operation to support this objective, including meta-analyses and a colloquium/workshop series on the causes and rates of land-use and land-cover change and a global assessment of areas undergoing rapid land-cover change. Additional efforts will be started for a new generation of regional and global land-use change scenarios as well as the development of a concept of land-use transitions as an integrative framework.

LUCC is increasingly involved in collaborations with other organisations, projects and initiatives in the field of land dynamics and progressively feeds its results into training and other outreach activities. As for capacity building in broader terms, there are clear limits for LUCC and only few such activities – as MODLUC (Modelling Land Use Change) – are run by LUCC itself. However, training materials (e.g. on land use change modelling) have been made available to the broadest community possible by putting them on to LUCC’s website. New networks have been endorsed with strong capacity building components and the evident need is seen for an increased inclusion of scientists from Least Developed Countries. As land-use change issues rank high in the science agendas of these countries, the proportion of LDC scientists increased considerably at all levels of the projects in 2002. The geographical balance in the management of the project and its networks is rather satisfying; however, LUCC will continue its strategy for inclusion and promotion of good LDC scientists for the remaining three years of its lifetime.

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PART III – Core Projects

SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Eric Lambin, Chair Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BE Lisa Graumlich, Vice-Chair Montana State University, Bozeman, USA

Oliver Coomes McGill University, Montréal, CA Felino Lansigan University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, PH

Emilio Moran, Focus 1 Leader Indiana University, Bloomington, USA

Sharifah Mastura Syed Abdullah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, MY

Ryosuke Shibasaki, Focus 2 Leader University of Tokyo, JP

Navin Ramankutty University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

Tom Veldkamp, Focus 3 Leader Wageningen Agricultural University, NL

Robin Reid International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KE

Babatunde Agbola University of Ibadan, NG Joseph Alcamo University of Kassel, DE Diógenes Alves Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, BR

Ronald Rindfuss University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Jianchu Xu Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, CN

Arild Angelsen Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, NO

Helmut Geist (Executive Officer) LUCC International Project Office Université Catholique de Louvain 3, Place Louis Pasteur · 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve · Belgium T: +32 10 472673 · F: +32 10 472877 lucc.ipo@geog.ucl.ac.be · www.geo.ucl.ac.be/LUCC

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PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP: JOINT PROJECTS Humans have now, as never before, the capacity to affect the habitability of the earth by altering the very processes and components of the earth system upon which humanity and all human societies depend. Acquiring a sound scientific understanding of the complexity of natural and human-driven environmental changes on our planet, thus, requires a coupled perspective on their biogeochemical, biophysical and human dimensions. This fact has been increasingly recognised by all research programmes on global environmental change in the past years.

The Earth System Science Partnership, a collaboration of DIVERSITAS, IGBP, IHDP and WCRP, has been set up as a consequence of this growing need for truly boarder-crossing scientific approaches. Together the four programmes aim to provide the tools and conceptual frameworks to answer the pivotal questions of global environmental change research.

In 2001, IGBP, IHDP and WCRP launched two joint projects to advance research in the global carbon cycle and the links between human food systems and global environmental change. Both projects made considerable progress in 2002. The last year also brought major steps in the development of the Global Water System Project, sponsored jointly by all four ESSP programmes.

It will be the main challenge for IHDP in the next years to further nourish the alleys of collaboration between the joint projects and the four core projects (see Part III).

Within earth system science, the core projects have the great potential to provide answers to questions concerning e.g. transitions of life support systems, institutional development, or issues of human security and vulnerability. Moreover, a genuine IHDP contribution includes societal, economic, political and ethical reflections as well. Ultimately, the coherence between joint projects and IHDP core research in these areas will be the key to make a substantial contribution to the advancement of an earth system perspective on global environmental change.

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PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

THE GLOBAL CARBON PROJECT (GCP) The Global Carbon Project made considerable progress in establishing both an efficient project support structure and a scientific basis. An international project office in Canberra, Australia, is now fully operational and a second will be established within the next few months in Tsukuba, Japan, where the GCP held its second SSC meeting in November 2002. Two affiliate offices are already operating in Europe (France and Germany). A proposal submitted to the US agencies for an office in Colorado was not successful but provision has been made for a resubmission. A large part of the efforts in 2002 was devoted to the thorough review of the science framework, which had some major implications for the development of the Implementation Plan, which will be published soon. The latest draft is available on the GCP website.

According to this plan, the main goal of the Global Carbon Project is “to develop a complete picture of the global carbon cycle, including both its biophysical and human dimensions together with the interactions and feedbacks between them”.

Considerable efforts where made to develop a truly integrative approach including the formulation of boarder-crossing research questions. This was certainly not always an easy process as the carbon researchers contributing were charged to deliberately leave their disciplinary boundaries. But it was definitely worth the effort. The result provides a strong platform to couple the biogeochemical, biophysical and human dimensions of the global carbon cycle and develop tools and conceptual frameworks for such an endeavour.

However, this is only a part of the GCP mandate. Furthermore, it aims to synthesize the current understanding of the global C-cycle and provide rapid feedback to the research and policy communities and the general public by developing a small number of new research initiatives, designed to yield results within a 3–5 year time frame, on difficult and highly interdisciplinary problems of the carbon cycle.

By providing a global coordinating platform for regional and national carbon programmes, the GCP intends to improve the design of the observation network, data standards, information and tools transfer, and the timing of campaigns and process-based experiments, including the development of data-model fusion schemes and the design of cost effective observational and research networks. A major partnership is being developed with the Integrated Global Observation Partnership (IGOS-P) through its project on Integrated Global Carbon Observation (IGCO), and with the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS). These efforts aim to strengthen the carbon-related research programmes of nations and regions, and those in international programmes such as IGBP, IHDP, WCRP, as well as the observation community through better coordination, the articulation of goals, and the development of conceptual frameworks.

The Implementation Plan divides into three major themes, each comprising a subset of researchable questions. The main focus of the first theme lies on “Patterns and Variability”. It will address questions of space-time patterns of human influences on the carbon cycle, includ-

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CarboEurope European Office Annette Freibauer Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry PO Box 100164 07701 Jena Germany T: 49-3641-686726 F: 49-3641-686710 afreib@bgcjena.mpg.de CO2 Panel Maria Hood Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission UNESCO 1, rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 T: 33-1-4568-4028 F: 33-1-4568-5812 mhood@unesco.org www.globalcarbon project.org/frame work030508.doc

PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

ing emissions from fossil fuel burning and land-use practices. The second theme, “Mechanisms and Feedbacks”, meets the need to understand the control and feedback mechanisms that determine the dynamics of the coupled carbonclimate-human system. The third theme on “Future Dynamics” poses the question of how science and analysis can inform the process of carbon management to achieve a sustainable carbon future.

The new executive officer in Japan is expected to focus particularly on raising and framing those questions in the Implementation Plan that integrate and reflect the human dimensions issue. The IHDP secretariat supports the Tsukuba office by setting an agenda for addressing these questions and engaging the broader human dimensions community (political scientists, economists, organizational theorists, etc.) in the implementation of the GCP.

SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE Michael Raupach, Co-Chair CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, AU Robert Dickinson, Co-Chair Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA Oran Young, Co-Chair University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Michael Apps Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, CA Alain Chedin Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, FR Cheng-Tung Arthur Chen National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, TW

Christopher Field Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, USA Patricia Romero Lankao Centre for Latin-American Studies, Tuscon, USA Louis Philipe Lebel Chiang Mai University, TH Annan Partwardhan Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, IN Monika Rhein University of Bremen, DE Christopher Sabine University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Peter Cox Metoffice, Bracknell, UK

Riccardo Valentini University of Tuscia, Viterbo, IT

Ellen Druffel University of California, Irvine, USA

Yoshiki Yamagata National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, JP

Pep Canadell (Executive Officer) Global Carbon Project CSIRO Land & Water FC Pye Laboratory GPO Box 1666 · Canberra ACT 2601 · Australia T: +61 2 6246 5631 · F: +61 2 6246 5560 pep.canadell@csiro.au · www.globalcarbonproject.org

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PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND FOOD SYSTEMS (GECAFS) As an international research programme, GECAFS involves a wide range of social, physical and biological scientists investigating the vulnerability of human food provision and food systems to, and interactions with, global environmental change.

The overall objective is to determine strategies to cope with the impacts of global environmental change on food provision and to analyse the environmental and societal consequences of adaptation.

GECAFS developed rapidly during 2002, particularly through the development of regional projects, namely for the Indo-Gangetic Plain food system and the Caribbean food system. For both project areas, the planning process has identified the nature of the questions that need to be answered. Workshops involving regional stakeholders addressed the burning issues of interest for the regional scientific and policy-making communities. All workshop reports are available on the GECAFS website. The next step is to establish a set of adequate methodologies and research approaches.

Further plans are underway for research in Eastern Pacific coastal fisheries and the Southern African food system. A regional characterisation has been carried out as a first key step to serve as a basis for the development of relevant research activities and a clear identification of present-day policy issues.

The regional research needs to be underpinned by an improved understanding of the nature of vulnerability, especially in relation to food systems. This includes an understanding of the complex settings and scenarios in which this branch of science is embedded. Research plans in this field are now underway, and an initial work programme for vulnerability research is already funded. Links between GECAFS activities concerning vulnerability, scenario science and respective IGBP, IHDP and WCRP research are already established in part and will be strengthened during 2003.

In 2002, the first major GECAFS publication was produced in the form of a paper

by Gregory, Brklacich, Ingram and Whelpdale on the new role of science for the understanding of global environmental change and food provision, which was requested by ICSU for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. The paper was widely distributed in Johannesburg.

The authorship included scientific contributions of all GECAFS sponsors including members of the FAO Inter-Departmental Working Group on Climate Change in Relation to Agriculture and Food Security. GECAFS was also asked

by ICSU to convene a special session on “Science for Food Security in Africa” as part of the Science Forum at the Johannesburg Summit. A synthesis paper by Ingram and Jäger will also be published in the ICSU Series.

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Indo-Gangetic Plains “Issue Identification” Workshop, March 02, Delhi/India Caribbean Food System “Issue Identification” Workshop, April 02, Port of Spain/Trinidad Caribbean Food System “Developing a Research Agenda”, September 02, St. Augustine/Trinidad Caribbean Food System “Research Issues” Workshop, October 02, St. Lucia Indo-Gangetic Plain “Research Discussion” Meeting, November 02, New Delhi/India Brklacich, M.; Gregory, P. J.; Ingram J. S. I.; D. Whelpdale: “Global Environmental Change and Food Provision: A New Role for Science”, ICSU Series on Science for Sustainable Development No. 7, Paris 2002

PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

GECAFS International Project Office (ed.): “Prospectus. Global Environmental Change and Food Systems”, Wallingford, UK 2002

The GECAFS International Project Office is now well established, hosted by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology at the Natural Environment Research Council in Wallingford, UK. It is run by John Ingram (Executive Officer) and Katie Dodsley (Administrative Assistant). The website has been established and a 20-page prospectus on the project has been published and is being widely circulated.

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Peter Gregory, Chair University of Reading, UK Mike Brklacich, Vice-Chair Carleton University, CA John Ingram, Executive Officer Natural Environment Research Council, Wallingford, UK Jim Jones University of Florida, Gainesville, USA Linda Mearns National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA Mahendra Shah International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, AT Luis Vieira Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasilia, BR Sponsoring Programme Representatives Dagoberto Arcos, IGBP Fishery Research Institute, Valparaiso, CL Mohamed Salih, IHDP Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, NL

Doug Whelpdale, WCRP Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, CA Maarit Thiem, IHDP IHDP Secretariat, Bonn, DE Strategic Partner Members Barbara Huddleston Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, IT Anne-Marie Izac Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Washington D.C., USA Ray Motha World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, CH Donor Liaison Members Oran Hesterman WK Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, USA Bill Sugrue United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C., USA

John Ingram (Executive Officer) GECAFS International Project Office NERC-Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK T: +44 1491 692410/692464 · F: +44 1491 692313 www.gecafs.org · info@gecafs.org

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PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

GLOBAL WATER SYSTEM PROJECT (GWSP) The global water system plays a central and integrative role in the dynamics of the earth system. As people become increasingly vulnerable to deficiencies in water supply and quality, water is considered a critical issue of the 21st century. These water problems are now global in scope and it is essential for the sustenance of human societies to address them in an integrated, boarder-crossing approach.

The Global Water System Project (formerly called Joint Water Project) has been set up to respond to this demand. Its preparations went a good way ahead during the year 2002. A scoping team with representatives from each of the partner programmes lead the work on expanding a first scoping document to a draft scientific framework. Representatives from the core projects of the four ESSP programmes met to discuss the scientific direction of their efforts in Paris in May 2002. The team has since then continued working on the scientific framework.

At the heart of the project is the global water system, which in the context of global environmental change is defined as the suite of physical, chemical, biological and human components in interaction that constitute and influence the fluxes of water on planet earth. This includes the various uses of water for human well-being.

These interacting components are water in all its forms as part of the hydrological cycle the natural and anthropogenic substances that contribute to water quality living organisms and ecosystems, which are an integral part of the functioning of the system and not just the recipients of changes in the dynamics of a chemophysical system human beings and societies as significant drivers of change within the system. In addition, humans are exposed to changes in water availability and can take mitigating or adaptive steps in response to these changes.

There are a number of internal drivers and feedbacks within the system governing its functioning, as well as external drivers. They act at different space and time scales; therefore there is a need to focus research on the upand down-scaling of these processes. The overarching scientific question to be addressed by the GWSP is suggested to be: What are the magnitudes of anthropogenic and environmental changes in the Global Water System and what are the key mechanisms by which they are induced?

What are the main linkages and feedbacks within the Earth system arising from a changing Global Water System?

How resilient and adaptable is the Global Water System to change, and what are sound management strategies?

The project will have a global focus. A number of studies, based on continental and global-scale datasets and evolving global modelling capabilities, confirm that the effects of hu-

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PART IV – ESSP: Joint Projects

www.gwsp.org

man development on the terrestrial water cycle are already truly global in scope. In addressing the questions concerning the integration of environmental and human dimensions, it is envisaged that the methodology will include comparative regional studies, focusing on two or more heterogeneous regions that can be included in continental and global-scale analyses. The scoping document, and later the scientific framework of the GWSP, can be downloaded from the project’s website.

SCOPING TEAM Carlo Jaeger (IHDP) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany Dennis Lettenmaier (WCRP) University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Christian Lévêque (DIVERSITAS) CNRS Programme Environnement, Vie et Societes, Meudon, France

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Harry Lins (WCRP, WCP-Water) U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, USA Michel Meybeck (IGBP) Université de Paris 6, Paris, France Madiodio Niasse IUCN-BRAO (West Africa Regional Office), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Charles Vorosmarty (IGBP) University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA

PART V – Initiatives

MOUNTAIN RESEARCH INITIATIVE (MRI) The first period of activities of the Mountain Research Initiative coincided with the “International Year of Mountains 2002” declared by the United Nations. With the coordination office being fully operational since the initiative was launched in July 2001, this was an ideal juncture to make considerable steps towards an international establishment of this initiative, which intends to develop a better understanding of the consequences of global environmental change in often fragile mountain regions.

The MRI promotes a high level of integration between physical, ecological, social and economic scientists and practitioners. The overall objective is to evaluate and enhance strategies for sustainable land, water and resource management for mountain regions. Within this focus, the initiative creates links between the monitoring of physical and biological processes, the modelling of critical processes, and the overall sustainability of mountain resource systems. No. 1/02 of the IHDP newsletter UPDATE focussed on “Mountains” and was fully devoted to these issues.

The MRI is a joint endeavour of IHDP, the Global Terrestrial Observing System, four Core Projects of the IGBP, and the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme.

PS Ramakrishnan (Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi) serves as IHDP representative in the Scientific Advisory Board. Various scientific organisations of Switzerland support the initiative and the coordination office, which is hosted by the University of Bern.

www.igbp.kva.se//up loads/report_49.pdf www.ihdp.unibonn.de/html/ publications/ publications.html www.mri.unibe.ch/

URBANISATION Over the past two years, the IHDP Scientific Committee (SC) has debated whether more emphasis should be placed on the topic of urbanisation. The topic has already been taken up by the IHDP core projects and is entering the agendas of the joint projects. However, in view of the expected rate of urbanisation and the challenges it poses for sustainable development, the SC mandated the secretariat to explore the feasibility and convenience of a project on the human dimensions of global environmental change in urban areas. The International Human Dimensions Workshop (see Part II) was one major activity related to this mandate and issue 3/02 of UPDATE was entirely devoted to this issue.

Another major event in this course was the scoping meeting on urbanisation and global environmental change in Bad Honnef, Germany, in December 2002. This meeting brought together a diversity of scholars with relevant expertise representing different disciplines and regions of the world as well as the four IHDP core projects. To assist the IHDP SC in its deliberations, the objective was to produce a scoping report relating the manifold scientific activities on urbanisation to global environmental change research.

The report was presented at the IHDP SC Meeting in March 2003. Its main conclusion was that such a project would represent an unrivalled opportunity for IHDP to address critical issues of worldwide importance that so far have not received adequate attention. Co-ordinated by Roberto Sánchez and the IHDP secretariat, it will be further developed during 2003; the gradual establishment of a new, fifth IHDP core project with a focus on urbanisation is envisioned.

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www.ihdp.unibonn.de/html/ publications/ publications.html

PART V – Initiatives

VULNERABILITY Vulnerability has received particular attention from IHDP as a cross-cutting theme since 1999. In various aspects it touches on all IHDP projects. However, it is particularly the GECHS project that includes this topic as an important component of its science plan. IT took the lead on developing this issue further during 2002. They were successful in receiving funds from ICSU for a project called the Southern Africa Vulnerability Initiative (SAVI), whose implementation will start in 2003. This project will set global environmental change issues in the broader context of the major economic and sociopolitical changes that will undoubtedly continue to shape that region’s future. SAVI will bring together diverse scientific communities to develop a longterm research programme on vulnerability and global environmental change in Southern Africa. As there is a great need and interest among decision-makers to better understand the implications of different policies for vulnerability, part of the objective will be to identify policies that contribute to a reduction of vulnerability to global environmental change.

SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

http://sustainability science.org

www.icsu.org

The contribution of knowledge about sustainable development is part of IHDP’s mission. In view of follow-up discussions to the 2001 Amsterdam Conference within the ESSP, and the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the IHDP secretariat gave this issue much attention during 2002. Together with its partner programmes within ESSP, the IHDP secretariat organised a workshop on the role of international science for sustainable development, held in Paris in February 2002 and funded by a grant from ICSU. In March 2002, IHDP also organised a workshop on achievements and challenges of European science for sustainability in Walberberg near Cologne under the auspices of the Initiative on Science and Technology for Sustainability (ISTS) and funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research. The report on this event provided input for a synthesizing workshop held in Mexico City and resulted in an expression of interest to the 6th EU Framework Programme for community research. In December, the International Social Science Council celebrated its 50th anniversary by convening an international conference “The Social Sciences and Public Policy in the 21st Century”. Eckart Ehlers, past chair of the IHDP Scientific Committee, acted as chair and convenor of a special session on “Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change and the Global Science-Policy Interface”, organised by the IHDP secretariat. The objective of the session was to foster a dialogue between the scientists in IHDP projects as ‘producers of knowledge’ and policymakers as ‘users of knowledge’, and to explore ways to improve the dialogue between these two groups.

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PART V – Initiatives

ENDORSED NETWORKS The Population-Environment Research Network (PERN) is a global, Internetbased network to promote scientific research and dialogue on topics related to population, development, and environment. It is open to all who are interested in population environment research and has attracted more than 600 members since its start in the year 2000. The network conducts cyber-seminars at regular intervals and builds up a research resource database of key population and environment references. A bi-weekly newsletter and the website keep members informed of key developments, meetings, grant and job opportunities as well as member research.

PERN is a joint initiative of the International Union for Scientific Study of Population and IHDP. Recent funding comes from the MacArthur Foundation and United Nations Development Programme (via the Global Science Panel). The activities of PERN are coordinated by Anna Babette Wils with web-support from the Center for International Earth Science Information Network at Columbia University.

www.populationen vironmentresearch. org/

The network on Global Change SCience in Eastern Europe and Newly Independent Countries (SCENIC) has been set up in collaboration with the Center for Integrated Regional Assessment (CIRA) at the Pennsylvania State University and the Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training (START). It complies with an increasing interest in building a strong human dimensions network in this region. IHDP could not prioritise the development of this initiative during 2002.

However, CIRA associates Gregory Knight and Marieta Staneva, designated by START as interim coordinators, have made considerable efforts to extend the cadre of scientists linked together in the network and identify key issues of concern in the broad field of global environmental change research. They found researchers in most of the countries interested in strengthening the human dimensions research.

However, it proved difficult to find individuals prepared to assume local intellectual or organisational leadership in the SCENIC network. Intensive discussions about the future of the network suggest that there is a potential of SCENIC developing into a mechanism driven by concrete research collaboration that could be facilitated by network activities. The leadership will depend on the nature and topic of such a project. IHDP is currently considering in how far it could encourage and support strategic partnerships between European institutes and organisations and Central and Eastern European researchers to maintain and stimulate the network.

In 2001, a group of young scholars initiated a network to facilitate the professional development and work of Young Human Dimensions Researchers (YHDR).

The network is coordinated by Jasper Grosskurth (Maastricht University, NL) and supported by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University, USA). In 2002, the IHDP secretariat assisted in the organisation of side events at a number of meetings to promote the network. However, IHDP recognises the network as an important means for long-term capacity building. The secretariat has plans to help increase support for Young Human Dimensions Researchers to establish themselves in the scientific community. In the meantime, a two-page section has been established in the newsletter UPDATE dedicated to young scientists’ research. The YHDR also has a listserver to provide a discussion forum and inform subscribers about upcoming events, funding opportunities and other announcements of interest.

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majordomo@ciesin. columbia.edu.

PART VI – National Committees for Human Dimensions Research

NATIONAL COMMITTEES FOR HUMAN DIMENSIONS RESEARCH The National Committees (NC) bring together interested scientists to work on human dimensions issues related to global environmental change in their countries. The map shows the current worldwide distribution of national committees and contact points.

As there is no common set of guidelines for the NCs, each of them develops its own priorities and terms of operation. While some are carrying out extensive research programmes, others are still in their initial state or merely provide contact points for the local community.

www.ihdp.uni-bonn. de/html/who/ nat-com-set.html

In the past, it has proved not easy for the secretariat to effectively support the national structures, basically due to a lack of time and resources. However, the IHDP recognises the great potential of the NCs to become important driving forces in the future by defining research priorities and securing a broad basis for IHDP initiatives. For this it is important to find a way to intensify co-operation with the existing committees and extend the outreach to countries with no or only weak NCs so far.

In 2002, IHDP again allocated resources for funding a small grants programme to promote the development and strengthening of NCs in developing countries and transition economies. In a growing number of cases these grants led to the establishment of new national committees.

SEED GRANT INITIATIVE

www.ihdp.uni-bonn. de/html/who/ nat-com-set.html

www.ihdp.uni-bonn. de/html/who/natcom-set.html

The initiative for “Capacity Building for National Human Dimensions Committees and Programmes in Developing Countries and Transition Economies” provides funding to existing NCs or programmes and groups of researchers in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. IHDP has allocated core funds in order to facilitate the creation of new research networks, the convening of workshops, and specific national human dimensions research initiatives. The grants are generally in the order of US$ 2,000 to 2,500. IHDP expects the money to be used to either prepare a national inventory of relevant ongoing and planned research activities, or to convene national workshops for capacity building.

The secretariat feels that these “Seed Grants” are a good means to promote human dimensions research in countries not well represented in the IHDP community so far. In many cases, the initiative even supported the formal establishment of a National Committee. The latest issue of the Seed Grant Directory 2001–2002 was sent out in January 2003, providing a comprehensive report on the activities during the last two years.

Currently there are four national inventories under preparation (Argentina, Chile, Laos, and Tanzania). The decision on three proposals is pending (Belarus, Georgia, and Bangladesh).

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PART VII – SC and Secretariat

COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS IHDP’s outreach and communications activities were continued in 2002. They included the dissemination of research results to the international scientific and policy-making communities, the international media and the public at large and led to an increase in IHDP’s visibility and credibility.

Communications activities consisted of both the production of information tools and the organisation of promotional events. Four issues of the quarterly newsletter UPDATE, IHDP’s ‘flagship’ publication, were published in 2002, and UPDATE was presented in a new content and layout structure. Over 5,000 copies of each issue were mailed out or distributed at international conferences and other events. In the spring of 2002, a revised version of the general IHDP information flyer was produced and disseminated widely. Five posters, highlighting objectives and activities of IHDP and its core science projects, were produced near the end of the year for display at international conferences and other events, and for use by the IHDP core projects. In late 2002, the IHDP secretariat also published the second volume of the Directory of Human Dimensions Research Activities. This volume includes reports from human dimensions activities in Bolivia, Kenya, Mauritius, the Philippines, Romania and Russia, financed by small grants from IHDP. The IHDP website, another important communication tool for global outreach, was continuously improved and updated. A newly designed website was launched in mid 2002.

UPDATE 1/02 Focus: Mountains

UPDATE 2/02 Focus: Monitoring

www.ihdp.org

These communications tools were a useful support to a number of promotional events organised during 2002. In January, at a monthly event sponsored by the Mayor of Bonn, IHDP’s activities were presented to the local and international community. Over 70 participants attended this “Salon International” to become better acquainted with IHDP. Communications activities also involved co-operation with the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP). A team of communicators from DIVERSITAS, IHDP, IGBP, WCRP and START organised an “International Science Roundtable for the Media” as an official side-event during PrepCom 4 of the WSSD in Bali, Indonesia, in June.

ICSU provided financial support. Several speakers from the individual programmes highlighted the crucial role of science in sustainable development by using timely and relevant results from the global environmental change research community.

The event resulted in numerous reports in Indonesian and international print and electronic media.

In December, IHDP was represented at two major conferences, the 2002 Berlin Conference on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, and the International Conference on Social Science and Social Policy in the 21st Century, held in Vienna in celebration of the 50th anniversary of ISSC. At both events, IHDP had an information booth displaying posters and publications.

In late 2002, the secretariat, in co-operation with the International Project Offices, developed a new communications strategy for IHDP, highlighting objectives, target audiences and methods for future IHDP communications activities. A draft document was discussed at the December meeting of the Officers and Project Leaders. The strategy was presented to the IHDP Scientific Committee for consideration at its meeting in March 2003.

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UPDATE 3/02 Focus: Urbanisation

UPDATE 4/02 Focus: Poverty and the Environment

PART VII – SC and Secretariat

IHDP SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 2002 Chair Coleen Heather Vogel (from 07/02) University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZA Arild Underdal (until 06/02) University of Oslo, NO Vice Chair Mohamed Salih (from 07/02) Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, NL Anne Whyte (until 06/02) Mestor Associates Ltd., Ontario, CA Past Chairs Eckart Ehlers (from 01/03) University of Bonn, DE Arild Underdal (from 07/02) University of Oslo, NO Members William Clark Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Carl Folke Stockholm University, SE Gilberto Gallopin Economic Commission for Latin America & the Caribbean, Santiago, CL Carlo Jaeger Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, DE Tatiana Kluvankova-Oravska (from 07/02) Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, SK Elinor Ostrom Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Xizhe Peng Fudan University, Shanghai, CN P. S. Ramakrishnan Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, IN Roberto SĂĄnchez (from 07/02) University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Paul Vlek (from 07/02) Centre for Development Research, Bonn, DE

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PART VII – SC and Secretariat

Ex-Officio Members Guy Brasseur (IGBP) Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, DE Michael Brklacich (GECHS) Carleton University, Ottawa, CA Sulochana Gadgil (START) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IN Eric Lambin (LUCC) Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BE Peter Lemke (WCRP) Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, DE Michel Loreau (DIVERSITAS) Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, FR Gordon McBean (ICSU) University of Western Ontario, London, CA João Morais (IGBP) IGBP Secretariat, Stockholm, SE Kurt Pawlik (ISSC) University of Hamburg, DE Graeme Pearman (START) CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, AU Pier Vellinga (IT) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, NL Oran Young (IDGEC) University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

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PART VII – SC and Secretariat

SECRETARIAT FUNDING SOURCES IN 2002 The total annual budget of IHDP amounted to about US$ 990,500 in the year 2002. The International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC) are the joint scientific sponsors of IHDP and provide an annual financial contribution to the programme.

The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Research Ministry of the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (NRW) granted the core funding of the work of the IHDP secretariat in Bonn. Specific activities, as capacity building workshops, meetings, and publications, were supported by a number of scientific sponsors, namely the German Research Council (DFG), the System for Analysis, Research and Training (START), the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), the German National Research Centre for Environment and Health (GSF), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), and the U.S. Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA). In addition, IHDP received national contributions from the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Finland and Austria. Since 1996 the IHDP secretariat has been hosted by the University of Bonn, which generously provides office space as well as administrative support.

SECRETARIAT STAFF IN 2002 Executive Director

Administrative Assistants

Jill Jäger (until 10/02) Barbara Göbel (from 11/02)

Denise Butler Lisa Jibikilayi

International Science Project Co-ordinators

Research Assistants

Sylvia Karlsson Gregor Laumann (from 11/02) Debra Meyer-Wefering Maarit Thiem Information Officer Elisabeth Dyck

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Ali Khan (from 07/02) Sama Mbah (from 10/02) Petra Pommerening (until 08/02) Kerstin Schmidt-Verkerk (until 06/02) Valerie Schulz