THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER VOLUME XLVIII ISSUE NO. 1 2019 by EE Magazine

Volume xlVIii issue no.1 2019

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the philippines, inc.

GROUND

UNDER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM are we totally

What's Inside NEW DEVICE COULD REPLACE

NEED FOR DIABETES PIN PRICK TESTING

P.7

VOLTAGE DROP AND SHORT CIRCUIT P.20

ISSN 0115-6322

ready for this

ABOUT THE COVER

I N T E G R I T Y. I N N O V A T I O N . E M P O W E R M E N T. E X C E L L E N C E .

2019 THEME

"IIEE@44: DISTINCTIVE JOURNEY IN ADVANCING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS"

MEET THE TEAM

T H E E L E C T R I CA L E N G I N E E R E D I T O R I A L B OA R D EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO ASSOCIATE EDITOR MARVIN H. CASEDA MANAGING EDITORS LUZON JOSELITO S. ORTICIO VISAYAS VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE MINDANAO MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES

E D I T O R I A L S TA F F

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT/LAYOUT ARTIST CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

WITH REPORTS FROM

ARON D. RICAFRENTE EMMANUEL JOHN B. ALLADA RAJEEMAH YASMIN B. BALINGAO VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE JAMES PAUL ANACAN RONA L. POJAS DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL TRANSMISSION CORPORATION

P U B L I CAT I O N S C O M M I T T E E CHAIRMAN MEMBERS

OVERSEER

MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO MARVIN H. CASEDA VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE JOSELITO S. ORTICIO MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES LYNDON R. BAGUE

2 0 1 9 I I E E B OA R D O F G OV E R N O R S NATIONAL PRESIDENT VP-INTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-EXTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-TECHNICAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECRETARY NATIONAL TREASURER NATIONAL AUDITOR IMMEDIATE FORMER PRESIDENT GOVERNOR-NORTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-CENTRAL LUZON GOVERNOR-METRO MANILA GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-BICOL GOVERNOR-WESTERN VISAYAS GOVERNOR-EASTERN/CENTRAL VISAYAS GOVERNOR-NORTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-WESTERN MINDANAO INTERIM GOVERNOR- MIDDLE EAST

CIRILO C. CALIBJO EUGENIO F. ARAULLO RODRIGO T. PECOLERA LYNDON R. BAGUE ALLAN ANTHONY P. ALVAREZ FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL FRANCIS R. CALANIO NOEL T. FERNANDEZ GILMAN P. BARCASE RODEL I. DELA TORRE ROLAND P. VASQUEZ ESPERANZA AGGARAO COLLADO JORGE I. TABIRARA JAPHETH R. MAPA FELIPE C. NILLAMA SANDRO R. VILLAROSA DAN B. JUSON RICHARD O. LIZARDO VICTORINO C. ABEJERO

I I E E N AT I O N A L S E C R E TA R I AT D E PA R T M E N T H E A D S ADMINISTRATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC INFORMATION & MIS MARKETING MEMBERSHIP FINANCE

MA. ELENA U. LIONGSON KRISTINE BERNADETTE J. LLAMAS YHELLA N. MIRARAN MARY ANN B. GUILLEN ALMA C. LARCE JENNY J. ARADA

TO GOD BE ALL THE GLORY The Electrical Engineer is published twice a year by the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business office at #41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. Tel Nos. (632) 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 721-6442 & 410-1899. Website: www.iiee.org.ph; E-mail: eemagazine@iiee.org.ph. For an e-copy, you may visit our website, www.iiee.org.ph The present circulation of the magazine is 55,000 copies per issue to members and industry stakeholders.

Underground Distribution System: Are we ready for this? Distribution System as defined in EPIRA Law refers to the system of wires and associated facilities belonging to a franchised distribution utility extending between the delivery points on the transmission or sub transmission system or generator connection and the point of connection to the premises of the end-user. Distribution system can be installed overhead which is commonly practiced in our country and underground which is being practiced in several areas in our country. In our country, most distribution lines are installed overhead which can be easily tapped by informal settlers which is dangerous as it may cause harm and bring inconvenience to the end users. Those kind of installations also gives problems to the paying consumers as they are shouldering fees of the electricity consumed by those who connected their lines illegally. Our Overhead Distribution System has already made several improvement starting from the post itself, from wood to concrete, upgraded cable wires, insulating materials, etc. But is it safe enough for the public especially during natural calamity? Few places in the Philippines have already adopted Underground Distribution System and we asked several Experts. Let's find out if we are totally ready for this.

To enhance the competencies of electrical practitioners to make positive contribution towards new trends and technologies. To be an authority of electrical engineering services that results to safe, reliable and efficient systems. To consistently deliver high quality products and services duly recognized by international organizations and institutions.

MISSION

20 19

Emmanuel John B. Allada is an Electrical Engineer who loves sports. He is a person who likes to try new things.

To promote awareness on the use of environmentally friendly electrical products, services and resources as well as active participation on disaster preparedness and recovery programs.

Rajeemah Yasmin B. Balingao

is an Electrical Engineer who loves arts and music. She gets excited with the night sky and the sound of the rain.

VISION To be the leading electrical professional organization globally. The views and opinions expressed by the contributors of The Electrical Engineer do not necessarily reflect the views the editors and publishers of the magazine or of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). IIEE and the editorial board carry no responsibility for the opinions expressed in the magazine.

Vitini Edhard Idemneis an REE, praise and worships God,

loves his three panggas, blends math and arts, football and volleyball!

Articles or visual materials may not be reproduced without written consent from the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to accept, edit, or refuse submitted materials for publication.

James Paul Anacan Just your average guy who loves technology and medicine, and dreams to make the world a better place.

Rona L. PojasPassionate likes everything about her

work, is family oriented, wanderlust, shares her dreams with family and friends, loves to sing and dance, and is dedicated to spread laughter. It's contagious.

IIEE.ORG.PH

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 3

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THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

New device could replace need for diabetes pin prick testing "University of Sydney researchers along with industry

and government partners recently unveiled a breath ketone analyser at the Hong Kong International Medical and Healthcare Fair."

National President's Message

National Mid-year Convention

"Rapid changes in society require rapid changes in professional organization. Yet, we also need to regularly revisit our vision and mission to be certain that we have not lost the end in pursuing the means. The Institute shall always consider the shared vision as such it shall intensify members and industry partners support in pursuit of excellence."

"The institute offers a dynamic stage that can make important partnerships, solidify resources and empower the sharing of learning among its individuals."

The Home for Overseas Filipino Electrical Practitioners in South East Asia "For 7 years since 2012, not only does IIEE-SG continue to strengthen the knowledge and enhance the professional growth and development of our Filipino electrical practitioners in Singapore, but also, it serves as their family away from home.

Cover Story "Underground Wiring And Everything" " Few places in the Philippines has already adopted

16 17

Underground Distribution System and we asked several Experts regarding Underground Distribution System and letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s find out if we are totally ready for this. '

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EE Woman

Engr. Ma. Cristina Sheila C. Cabaraban " Soaring high above it all in her EE

profession, she rose to ranks and worked as College Professor, then as Chairperson-Electrical Engineering Department until she became the DeanCollege of Engineering of Cagayan De Oro College.

18 This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

Features

Travel

What is IIEE for you "Catanduanes"

Technical

Retracing the Directive(s) that Intensified the Implementation of RA 7920 and the Need for Voltage Drop and Short Circuit " ELECTRICAL SAFETY, an advocacy

of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. has gone a long way. This advocacy resulted in the electrical safety awareness among licensed electrical practitioners and the electrical consumers.

22 IIEE.ORG.PH

Health

"STROKE"

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 5

FROMTHEEDITOR

n a world permeated by alternative facts, fake news, and political-ethical spin, maybe it is time for us to “get real”. For in the realm of senses, we at IIEE need to project a real, respectable, and righteous culture among professionals. Instead of alternative facts (which are sugar-coated lies) let us focus on other alternative sources of energy as featured in our research reports – the use of coconut juice to power portable lamp and sea wave electrical energy converting system. Sources that are abundant in our country, which when further developed and put to good use, would mean better energy supply for us. Let us not join the bandwagon of fake news, we’ve got better things to do. Since 2017 we have been reaching out to our members by constantly informing them of what’s up at IIEE. We are into members’ benefits, free seminars, PEE mentoring, and chapter visitations to name a few. Our EE Woman article also features one of our leaders in IIEE and knowing her personal achievement as an electrical professional, many lady-members of IIEE would surely be inspired to follow her path to success. As we approach 2019 ANC, election of 2020 BOG also comes in hand. We are an Accredited Professional Organization, so let us show professionalism and integrity among us. Let us not involve ourselves on a spin of sole politics. To be of service to IIEE is our goal, so let us focus on what is ethical, not political. Let us define ourselves as one with double Integrity and Ethics – so that we are defined as IIEE. On the lighter side of the issue, electrical engineering is not purely into technology, for some of our colleagues in the profession (from the land down under) are supporting the medical environment through innovations and new products of electrical engineering. This article for all of you is

MY FAIR SHARE MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER MAGAZINE 2019, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

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TECHNOLOGY

Trials of the set to start soon..

NEW DEVICE COULD REPLACE Source: Sydney.edu.au University of Sydney researchers along with industry and government partners recently unveiled a breath ketone analyser at the Hong Kong International Medical and Healthcare Fair. Monitoring blood levels with the prick of a finger could be replaced with just a breath in a matter of years, thanks to a ketone monitoring device that will soon be taken from the lab to the clinic for trials. Working collaboratively with AusMed Global and the Australian Trade and Investment Commission, a team of researchers from the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital recently unveiled the breath ketone analyser at the Hong Kong Trade Development Council’s International Medical and Healthcare Fair. Following the fair, industrial partner AusMed Global announced it would be officially moving its operations to Hong Kong Science Park, a precinct of high-technology enterprises that will fast-track the device’s development. The device is being developed to allow people living with type 1 diabetes to better manage and detect incidences of ketoacidosis, a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin, causing the liver to produce high levels of ketones that damage the surrounding organs.

Leading a multidisciplinary group of health and engineering experts from the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Faculty of Engineering researcher Professor Xiaoke Yi believes the device will lead to a more accurate detection of ketoacidosis, in turn leading to a more effective management of the disease. “The breath ketone analyser will be a less invasive and far more accurate way for people with diabetes to monitor their health, by measuring blood ketone levels in the breath,” said Professor Xiaoke Yi from the School of Electrical and Information Engineering. “The process will be as simple as roadside breath testing – just by measuring the concentration of acetone in a patient’s breath, blood ketone levels can be calculated. “The device has been calibrated to a high sensitivity and is based on an innovative sensing technique that is not affected by alcohol or other gasses,” she explained. Professor Xiaoke Yi says the breath ketone analyser will be a less invasive but far more accurate way for people with diabetes to monitor for ketoacidosis. Professor Xiaoke Yi says the breath ketone analyser will be a less invasive but far more accurate way for people with diabetes to monitor for ketoacidosis.

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Professor Stephen Twigg of the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital said the Hong Kong presentation highlighted the potential value of breath ketone monitoring and that it can become the most common method of monitoring for ketones. “Monitoring for ketones is important in people with diabetes when they are sick and at risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis, the latter of which requires emergency treatment and can be life threatening,” said Professor Twigg, Kellion Professor in Endocrinology, Stan Clark Chair in Diabetes at the University’s Charles Perkins Centre and Head of Department of Endocrinology at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. “Looking at current testing methods - blood testing is invasive and relatively expensive. Getting real time results from urine testing can be problematic. In contrast, this new device uses a person’s breath to measure ketone levels and is not invasive, and promises to be clinically accurate and less financially burdensome. “Breath ketone monitoring potentially offers a safe, reliable and on-demand way of monitoring ketones in the body using portable technology. In collaboration with AusMed Global, the interdisciplinary University of Sydney team is planning on making this exciting technology an affordable reality for people with diabetes.” VOLUME XLVII Issue 1 2019 | 7

MY FAIR SHARE

he device will also have the potential to monitor and assist several other diseases such as liver disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s Disease.

monitoring experience to those suffering from debilitating diseases and life limiting illness in the near future.”

Attending the International Medical and Healthcare Fair alongside the University team and AusMed Global, the New South Wales Trade and Investment Commissioner for South China and Hong Kong, Murray Davis said the project represents a new model for the innovation sector.

Diabetes in Australia

“It shows how an Australian innovation can access Hong Kong capital and management expertise as well as global manufacturing supply chains to bring new products to market and contribute to growth of the New South Wales knowledge economy,” he said.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition that results in over seven-thousand hospitalisations each year in Australia. In 2014, the estimated cost of diabetic ketoacidosis in NSW was $8.7million.

Christine Yip, CEO of AusMed Global believes the three-tiered collaboration and the recent Hong Kong integration will fast-track the device’s commercial availability. “AusMed Global is excited to partner with the University of Sydney in bringing this genuine, non-invasive ketone measurement innovation from the laboratory to the market,” she said.

According to Diabetes Australia, there are over 1.7 million Australians living with diabetes, with approximately 10 percent living with type 1 of the disease.

Funding Disclosure The University of Sydney has received funding from exclusive licensee, AusMed Global Ltd, who are working to commercialise the ketone breath analyzer. The device is the result of a multidisciplinary research project from the University of Sydney’s Faculty of Engineering, the University of Sydney Nano Institute and the Charles Perkins Centre.

“We look forward to providing a pain free ketone

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PRESIDENT'S DESK

NATIONAL

MESSAGE 2019 istinguished Guest Speaker, The National Officers who are here today, the Chapter Officers, Dear Members, Fellow electrical practitioners, ladies and gentlemen, good morning to us all. This regional conference is the 10th for this year as we have started our regional visitation like this in Northern Luzon last February. This regional conference is actually an event where officers and members meet to exchange views and to determine policy directions for IIEESouthern Mindanao Region as it attuned to the goals and directions of the 2019 IIEE programs. It is but timely that I present to you the 10-point Agenda set by the 2019 Board of Governors so that the policy directions and all other initiatives by the Chapter will be geared towards the realization of this agenda. Guided by this year’s theme “IIEE@44: Distinctive Journey in Advancing Global Competitiveness,” please allow me then to present to you the 2019 10-Point Agenda and how far have we gone through in the first seven months of our service to the Institute:

1. SHARED VISION OF EXCELLENCE Rapid changes in society require rapid changes in professional organization. Yet, we also need to regularly revisit our vision and mission to be certain that we have not lost the end in pursuing the means. The Institute shall always consider the shared vision as such it shall intensify members and industry partners support in pursuit of excellence. It shall design and implement comprehensive programs that will regularly orient them on the IIEE mission, vision, objectives, standards and systems to ensure their translation into expected results. Specifically, the following programs are to be implemented: 1.1 Information and Training Caravan, specifically during Regional Conferences, providing for the purpose the Chapter Manual of Operations as well as Updates on the Programs and Activities of the National Office

- These details were successfully made during the orientation of the new sets of Board of Governors this year last January, 2019 in Subic, Zambales. In the same context, and during the orientation of the new sets of officers for 2019, the Chapter Operations Manual as well as all activities and updates of what we are doing in the national office were provided to those who attended the orientation. Likewise, printed Booklets and e-copy of these manuals were provided to the various chapters immediately after the orientation in the hope that all our activities in all chapters are synchronized to the extent that we are aiming in one same direction for the advancement of the cause of IIEE and its members.

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PRESIDENT'S DESK 1.2 Extensive Information Campaign using any/and all tools of the national office (Social media, magazine, websites, newsletter, slots in conferences and technical sessions – providing full information on IIEE, its vision, mission and goals.

- The full operations of various working committees of the national office have already started translating for the purpose the following tools into reality: 1. Issuance and Distribution of the IIEE Magazine through the Publication Committee. 2. Provision of Chapter Slot in our website where Chapters may be able to upload and manage their own activities in the national website and all related details. 3. Our Membership and Chapter Development Committee (MCDC) is launching their own version of a membership program that certainly addresses all membership platforms. 4. The IIEE Highlights continues to provide updated operational information on what the national office is doing.

2. PURSUE GOVERNANCE REFORM AND CONSTITUTIONAL REVISION Governance reform and constitutional revision are critical to efforts to strengthen the Institute’s capacity and enable it to perform its core functions. The institute shall prioritize provisions that include members’ engagement

and well-balanced constitutional rights among members. It shall ensure the timely ratification of the Amended Constitution and By-Laws and the passage into law of the proposed revised Electrical Engineering Law to effect programs that may affect the members and members’ services. Specifically, the following programs are to be implemented: 2.1 Amendment to the Constitution and By-Laws, just last May during the General Membership Meeting, our by-laws had been ratified, and the following provisions were considered for the purpose viz; 1. Institute capacity that will enable the same to perform its core functions simpler, more effective and practicable. 2. Governmental Regulations that may affect the IIEE’s current operational requirements viz those of its core functions as enunciated in the Articles of its Incorporation (taxation, non-profit-non-stock orientation etc). 3. E-Voting and allied details. 2.2 Stronger and Intensified Lobbying and Related Activities for laws that define professional enhancement and interest of electrical practitioners in the Philippines and even those who are working abroad

Recently, we engaged with Suplico & Austria Law Offices for the purpose of representing IIEE in the Senate and Congress for the passage of the new EE Law.

AC & DC POWER SYSTEMS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES INDUSTRIAL BATTERIES

Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)/ Sealed / Maintenance-free Traction / Motive Power Vented / Flooded type Nickel Cadmium

DC POWER SYSTEMS

Thyristor-controlled Charger Modular Rectifier System Traction Charger

AC POWER SYSTEMS

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Industrial & Modular Inverters

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Solarmill (Wind & Solar Hybrid) Energy Storage System (ESS) Photovoltaic Inverters Deep Cycle Batteries Lithium Batteries Solar Panels

MONITORING & TESTING

Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS) Portable Battery Testers AC & DC Load Banks Gas Detection

TECHNICAL SERVICES

Installation, Testing and Commissioning Preventive Maintenance

Address: #98 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, Philippines 3008

Telefax No.: (+63-2) 781 4626 Email: inquiry@genikos.com Tel. No.: (+63-2) 522 0103 Website: www.genikos.com Mobile Nos.: 0918 – 951 5040 (Smart), 0917 – 863 2002 (Globe), 0932 – 858 3975 (Sun)

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3. CONTINUOUS ENHANCEMENT OF THE RESOURCE / HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT The Institute shall undertake rigorous implementation of the membersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; professional development program and ensure an enriching, fair and healthy work environment which promotes professional growth and career advancement for the members and guarantee a steady supply of highly competent human resource, here and abroad, particularly in the field of electrical engineering. Specifically, the following programs are to be implemented: 3.1 Continuous PEE Mentoring Program

We have consistently provided support to all PEE applicants so that their competencies and professional growth and development may be always on high gear. 3.2 Adherence of IIEE to ASEAN Integration and various registries

In the same vein, we have tapped various Trade and Investment offices of countries located in the Philippines that may provide capacity building activities to our practitioners on top of the usual adherence of IIEE to ASEAN Integration and various registries.

This is done thru; 1. 1st AER Workshop in Dubai. 2. APEC / ASEAN Engineering Registry Workshop in Doha Qatar. 3. Attendance to the CAFEO meeting in Brunei. 4. Attendance to the Conferment of ASEAN ENGINEERS / ASEAN Technicians.

4. REVITALIZE MEMBERSHIP ENGAGEMENT The Institute shall continue to enhance the Member Engagement for effective delivery of quality services. It shall coordinate and keep the channels of communication open between the chapter and the individual members. It shall strengthen the Continuing Professional Development Program, Registration to International Engineering Registries, Career and Job Placement Services, Increase Scholarship Grants and Financial Aid to poor but deserving Electrical Engineering students, upgrade E-Library Services, and Increase access to Accident and Life Insurance. Specifically, we will bring IIEE closer to the members, viz: 4.1 Enhanced Membersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Benefits. But let me emphasize that all members are covered with an life insurance policy with a maximum premium of Php 75,000.00.

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PRESIDENT'S DESK Specifically, we will bring IIEE closer to the members, viz: 5.1 Collaborate with public and private institutions and organizations - IIEE is known for its Corporate Social Responsibility Programs. This we boosted by signing a Memorandum of Agreement with the ABS-CBN Foundation to launch various projects and programs all throughout the country that will redound to the benefits of small and impoverished communities of our country. 5.2 Rehabilitation and development of Bengaongao Caves in Tublay Benguet

4.2 Intensify Chapter Visitation Program Last July 20, 2019, we had our 1st Chapter Visitation Program for this year in Baler, Aurora, for the IIEE

Last January 2019, we have successfully co-sponsored the rehabilitation and development of Bengaongao Caves in Tublay, Benguet along with the National Geographics. This is in close coordinate with the Northern Luzon Region, specifically the Baguio-Benguet Chapter. The beauty, impact and allied positive outcome is available on National TV. 5.3 Assessment of Lake Bulusan in Sorsogon

Baler, Aurora Chapter. This program aims to bring the national officers closer to the members by conducting visitation especially on those chapter that are inactive and becoming less participative by reason of distance, location, and interest. 4.3 Free Technical Sessions / Conferences to as many Chapters as possible so that members may be provided with capacity building activities at no or very minimal cost to them. This program usually comes with the Chapter Visitation Program, and we intend to extensively do this year. 5. INSTITUTIONALIZE CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT AND PROMOTE PRO-ACTIVE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Institute shall continue to engage in social issues, especially those related in the discipline, in both discourse and practice. It shall optimize collaboration and partnership with public and private institutions and organizations to support effective and efficient delivery of the Institute’s programs. Establish functional linkages and networking with development institutions for joint CSR undertakings at the chapter, regional and national levels, and shall sustain the development of a dynamic community that is socially transformed particularly in the deprived, depressed and underprivileged areas.

Last April 2019, we conducted an assessment of Lake Bulusan, one of our project with ABSCBN Foundation wherein, we evaluated, and determine what possible details IIEE could provide to the park as part of its commitment to assist high impacting projects as part of our Corporate Social Responsibility for which IIEE is very known. Consequently, we are post to provide strip lights to be put along the trail for the purpose of guiding the park visitors especially at night. 5.4 Inspection of Blaan Tribal Community & Wellness Village in Polomolok, South Cotabato Another project with the ABSCBN Foundation is at “The Blaan Tribal Community & Wellness Village”, in Barangay Landan, Municipality of Polomolok, South Cotabato, last May 13, 2019, our very own Socsargen Chapter of the Southern Mindanao Region conducted an inspection for the purpose of evaluating the existing solar electricity system which is the primary source of energy in the area. After confirming that the same was dilapidated, we are post to install a new solar panel for the purpose. 5.5 Collaborate with public and private institutions and organizations We have also participated to some of the CSR programs of the Professional Regulation Commission in coordination with various APO’s; 1. Last May 20, 2019, the National Secretariat had conducted an assessment and/or inspection of electrical connection to ten houses of Aetas

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community located in Sitio Bawi, Dinalupihan Bataan, this is in connection with the request of the Professional Regulation Commission in coordination with the Philippine Dental Association as the lead APO of this CSR program of the PRC, adopt-acommunity-program. 2. Again, in support of the Professional Regulation Commission’s (PRC) CSR Program, our very own National Secretariat as well as Chapters in Southern Luzon Region and Metro Manila Region, participated in the Tree Planting Activity of the PRC in Caliraya Resort, Cavinti, Laguna. 5.6 Collaborate with public and private institutions and organizations 5.7 Singing of Memorandum of Agreement with Davao Light & Power Co. Last May 10, 2019, we have tapped the Davao Lights as one of our partners in providing skills and competencies through training and technical sessions to the employees and officers of Davao Lights.

5.8 IIEE’s participation to the Fire Prevention KickOff Program We have also participated to the kick-off program ceremony of the BFP, this program aims to raise awareness in public safety and prevent all kinds of destructive fires and motivate the public to take fire safety as everyone’s priority, guided by this year’s theme; “Ligtas na Pilipinas Ating Kamtin, Bawat Pamilya ay Sanayin, Kaalaman sa Sunog ay Palawakin”. 5.9 IIEE’s participation to the 4th Electrical Safety Summit For the purpose of providing a venue towards building safety in the country’s energy and power sector, our own Electrical Safety Committee in coordination with the Meralco Power Academy and Safety and Health Association of the Philippine Energy Section, have successfully conducted the 4th National Electrical Safety Summit.

" "

THE INSTITUTE SHALL CONTINUE TO ENGAGE IN SOCIAL ISSUES, ESPECIALLY THOSE RELATED IN THE DISCIPLINE, IN BOTH DISCOURSE AND PRACTICE.

-CIRILO C. CALIBJO 2019 IIEE NATIONAL PRESIDENT

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PRESIDENT'S DESK

5.10 Optimize joint CSR undertakings at the chapter, regional and national levels For the purpose of providing a large impact to our stakeholders, we have synchronized the activities and programs of the Institute from the National down to the Chapter level. Programs we have implemented as of current are: 1. Nationwide Fun Run, in celebration of Electrical Safety month for the purpose of raising awareness in the use of electrical products, this is also in the fulfillment of the Instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mandate.

the members and other stakeholders. Specifically, the following programs are to be implemented: 6.1 Upgrading of facilities and ensure compliance to existing laws and regulations. 1. Refurbished office cubicles. 2. Refurbished IIEE dormitory. 3. Installation of elevator system.

5.11 Conduct Outreach Programs We also conduct other outreach activities i.e., feeding programs, blood donations and oplan dagitab. As part of the IIEEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CSR programs, our Ladies Auxiliary visited the Augustinian Sisters Servants of Jesus and Mary which has an apostolate with abandoned and neglected children. During the visit, they have brought some foods and also prepared simple games for the children. This charity work is heartwarming and a memorable experience wherein the children have enjoyed the visitation, and the Augustinian Sisters were also very grateful.

6. OPTIMUM PHYSICAL, INSTRUCTIONAL AND ICT FACILITIES The Institute shall upgrade its facilities to international standards and implement or establish new infrastructures and ensure compliance to existing laws and regulations; optimize infrastructure development and develop an ICT Plan that will modernize IIEE services and ensure seamless data generation and utilization by

ATTENTION READERS We welcome your ideas, questions, and feedbacks regarding our previous issues. The EE Magazine reserves the right to edit articles for the sake of clarity, grammar, and brevity. Contributors of feature articles, technical papers, and photographs will receive special token from The Electrical Engineer. Send your feedbacks and contributions to eemagazine@iiee.org.ph

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Under this program, the following projects are in line, 1. 2. 3. 4.

Refurbishment of parking space. Refurbishment of Seminar rooms. Repainting of IIEE building. Construction of a board room.

The purpose of all these is to provide our stakeholders with the best quality service IIEE can offer. 6.2 Develop an ICT plan and ensure seamless data generation and utilization by the members and other stakeholders

7. INSTITUTIONALIZE PRODUCTION SERVICES AND ENHANCE INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITES. The Institute shall develop well-planned products and services that are of value to the members. It shall continue to explore partnership with Local/International Trade Chambers and Industries to ensure sustainability and growth of the 3E Expositions. Specifically, the following programs are to be implemented:

- For purposes of maintaining the quality and excellence IIEE provides to its members as well as other key partners, the Institute is conducting a regular internal audit, as we are serious in implementing policies consistent with ISO Standards, IIEE have been recertified as ISO 9001-2015 on Quality Management.

9. REINFORCE TRANSPARENCY AND A SYSTEM OF GOOD GOVERNANCE The Institute shall imbed in its system the value of continuing growth, conscientious observance of fiduciary rules, prudent allocation of funds, and transparency in all fiscal transactions through transparent and shared governance. It shall institute a financial transparency program that supports the Institute’s Vision 2020. Along this, the Institute shall ensure to meet customer satisfaction to include our members, CSC, and stakeholders including our partners and linkages for speedy delivery of the required services. 9.1 Observance of fiduciary rules, prudent allocation of funds, and transparency in all fiscal transactions. 9.2 Institute a financial transparency program, This is done thru the following:

7.1 Provisions of a more extensive and engaging International Exposition at par with international standards during the Annual National Convention.

1. Posting of audited financial statement to our IIEE official website. 2. Conduct of Chapter Audit.

- These details are all in process. Coordination to join the major conferences and exhibits of IIEE were made to these existing international partners. The Exhibit Bureau is now in full swing as far as the preparations to major exhibition and exposition of IIEE this year is concerned.

10. A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY, ENERGY SECURITY and SAFETY

7.6 Launching and promotion of 3EXPO 2019. As of current, we already have 89% percent confirmed Exhibitors for the purpose of 3EXPO 2019, the objective is to bring closer, expose our members, and present new trends in the EE market, especially those that will attend the Annual National Convention came November.

8. QUEST OF QUALITY ASSURANCE AND INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION The Institute shall institutionalize quality assurance mechanism that ensures compliance with national and international standards of excellence and implement IIEE’s distinctive competence in all products and services. It shall also sustain ISO 9001:2015 Certification as one of its measures of quality and excellence. 8.1 Institutionalize quality assurance mechanism that ensures compliance with national and international standards of excellence.

The Institute in support to the Philippine Government Renewable Energy programs as well as the advocacies of the Philippine Green Building Initiatives, shall imbed in the culture of the members the use and promotion of environment-friendly products and services and assist the government in its campaign for energy security and sustainability agenda. 10.1 Campaign for energy security and sustainability agenda. With all these details, I know, we have a lot of things to do for this year. And with all these, I also know we cannot accomplish unless every one of us rally behind all these projects and programs. With the spirit and commitment, I am seeing now from every personality who are here today, I am no less than confident to say the least – we can do it! Maraming salamat po sa inyong lahat.

Mabuhay ang IIEE!

8.2 Sustain ISO 9001:2015 Certification as one of its measures of quality and excellence. VOLUME XLIX Double Issue 2019 | 14 IIEE.ORG.PH

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 15

FEATURES FEATURE

NATIONAL

MID-YEAR

CONVENTION SOUTHERN LUZON REGION VENUE: TAAL VISTA HOTEL, TAGAYTAY CITY DATE: MAY 22-24, 2019

he Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines conducted its 2019 National Mid-Year Convention last May 22-24, 2019 at Taal Vista Hotel in Tagaytay City with the 2019 theme â&#x20AC;?Distinctive Journey on Advancing Global Competitivenessâ&#x20AC;?. The Institute offers a dynamic stage that can make important partnerships, solidify resources, and empower the sharing of learning among its members. The mid-year convention hosted by the Southern Luzon Region led by the SLR Governor, Engr. Esperanza A. Collado had DPWH Assistant Secretary Antonio V. Molano Jr. as its guest speaker during the opening ceremony. This mid-year convention had its exhibitviewing showcasing the latest in the field of electrical industry to keep its members abreast with new technology. Technical seminars and product presentations were also offered to the delegates to develop their capabilities and skills to become globally competitive. The Institute held its General Membership Meeting and Committee Meetings wherein the issues and concerns of the organization were tackled by both its officers and members. Likewise, the meetings were geared to promote solidarity and camaraderie within the Institute and the industry. It was attended by more than 700 delegates, making the 2019 National MidYear Convention a remarkable event. Words By:

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Rona L. Pojas

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HOME

The for Overseas Filipino Electrical Practitioners in South East Asia Words by: Rajeemah Yasmin B. Balingao IIEE Singapore Chapter (IIEE-SG)

started in 2012. From then on, IIEESG continued to serve the members not only by strengthening the Filipino electrical practitioners professional growth but by also being their family away from home. Seven (7) years have easily passed and the IIEE-SG Chapter looks back. a driven woman, Engr. Lelanie T. Mirambel, IIEE-SG founding president, led the chapter in organizing simple events and gatherings wherein electrical practitioners are encouraged to participate. Driven by the full support and strong motivation from the pioneering members of the chapter, the initiative gave birth to the 86th Chapter of the IIEE under PRC Accreditation No. I-APO-016.

fficially accredited and recognized by IIEE National Office as a satellite chapter based overseas, IIEE-SG is also officially registered in Singapore through the Registry of Societies (ROS), a regulatory body that administers the Societies Act in the island city-state. Hence, IIEESG continues with its advocacy of upgrading the professional credentials of its members through the conduct of Technical Seminars and Conventions. Attended by our very own Chairman and member of the PRC Board of Electrical Engineering Hon.

Francis V. Mapile and Hon. Jaime V. Mendoza, IIEE-SG conducted its 1st Annual Convention last November 25-26, 2017. Present in the said event was the Philippine Ambassador to Singapore, Hon. Antonio Morales. The jam-packed two-day event of more than 150 delegates showcased various industry-related products and services, and the chapter was overwhelmed with the support received from the Philippine Embassy and the Filipino Community. Currently, under the leadership of its chapter president. Engr. Ronelo S. Callanta, together with his chapter officers, IIEE-SG continues to soar with over 200 active members. Thru his governance and execution, IIEE is paving its way to establishing the IIEE South East Asia Region. Last April 2019, Engr. Callanta received a warm welcome from the Filipino Community led by Engr. Alvin Punzal as he personally visited Johor Bahru, Malaysia for the purpose of organizing the IIEE JB-Malaysia Chapter. Since then,

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technical exercises, plant tours and team buildings have been organized for a better communication and relationship between the two clusters. Being one of the first Professional Electrical Engineers in Singapore, Engr. Callanta also advocates of inspiring our colleagues to upgrade their licenses. Thus, the chapter provides mentoring and consultation for those who aspire to become a PEE. To further encourage our members abroad, the chapter also provides support and assistance in their license renewals. Bedazzled by the positive feedback, IIEE-SG pledges to assist its neighbouring countries in establishing their own chapters and future endeavours. It can thereby be said that thru IIEE-SG, IIEE is now on its way to extending its presence in other neighbouring South East Asian countries like Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. As IIEE goes global, let us all keep moving and keep the fire burning!

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WHAT'S THE NEWS

ACADEME, APO, INDUSTRY LINK TOGETHER PROVIDE OUTREACH PROGRAM AT BADIANGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL James Paul Anacan

“The Academe linking hands with the Accredited Professional Organization. and Industry to lend a helping hand ”

Vitini Edhard O. Idemne,

After the previous survey and consultation, the team of CPU (with IIEE students ) returned along with officers of the IIEE Iloilo Chapter and were joined by electrical personnel of ILECO 3, to address the concerns of the community which were mainly the electrical wiring, the water pump motor casing, and the electrical connection to the main line of the elementary school.

he Central Philippine University (CPU) College of Engineering along with its IIEE student chapter members, the IIEE ILOILO Chapter and ILECO 3 conducted a brigada eskwela program. The outreach was a two-part process of which the first part (done on March 18, 2019) was the survey and assessment of the community’s problems by CPU’s outreach team, and the second part was providing solutions to the problems encountered and identified. The following photos shown below highlight the endeavor undertaken at the said barangay (which is about 83.5 kilometers from Jaro, Iloilo City, in the mountains of Northern Iloilo) during phase 2 of the outreach which was conducted on May 25, 2019.

The CPU IIEE SC team in collaboration with the IIEE – Iloilo Chapter and ILECO 3, reconnect the electrical system of the school replacing the panel, the switches, and the outlets.

The Brgy. Badiangan Elementary School which is one of the main points of interest for the outreach team.

The team returns to the community with, the IIEE – Iloilo Chapter. They are travelling towards the site.

The elementary school’s water tank which was supplied by a water pump below the school. The survey team found out the pump can’t supply water up to the tank

The CPU IIEE Student Chapter team with the IIEE – Iloilo Officers and ILECO 3 personnel attaching the lighting fixtures of the classroom.

The team are installing the casing of the electric motor at the back of the community school.

The team finished the target and are going back to the Community Barangay Hall to recap the day’s activities and take a rest before making the 3-hour journey back home.

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DOE ALLIES WITH PCC TO UPHOLD FAIR MARKET COMPETITION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR June 11, 2019 SOURCE: https://www.doe.gov.ph/

TAGUIG CITY - Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi today signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with Philippine Competition Commission (PCC) Chairman Arsenio M. Balisacan to promote market competition and consumer welfare in the energy sector. Sec. Cusi said, “The centerpiece of the Duterte administration is the Filipino people. The government intends to elevate the quality of public service and protect the interests of our consumers. This agreement is a step towards the right direction as it would help ensure a fair playing field in the energy industry.” The Energy Chief added that the DOE, as the lead executive agency, would like to help fulfill the President’s goal of

FORGING AN ALLIANCE FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION: Department of Energy Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi (right) and Philippine Competition Commission Chairman Arsenio M. Balisacan (left) sign a Memorandum of Agreement that would help ensure fair market competition in the energy industry and protect consumer interests last June 11 at the Department's headquarters in Taguig City. bringing about a holistic development throughout the archipelago. “We are seeking to build our capacity in order to meet our ever growing demand for power. A strong partnership with agencies like the PCC would go a long way in achieving the President’s noble intention for the Filipino consumers,” he said. PCC Chairman Balisacan expressed that the PCC shares the view of the DOE on the importance of a transparent power sector, with industry players governed by the principles of a level playing field. The MOA provides for closer coordination between the DOE and the PCC through information sharing, as well as investigation and enforcement

SEC. CUSI HIGHLIGHTS PRIORITY PROGRAMS FOR 2019-2022 4 June 2019 SOURCE: https://www.doe.gov.ph/

TAGUIG CITY - Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi last June 3 reiterated the urgency of successfully fulfilling the Department’s priority programs for 2019-2022. “We have the next three years to help President Duterte realize his vision of helping Filipinos lead stable and comfortable lives. As we revisit the DOE’s midterm action plan, we must think, serve and formulate the appropriate policies in accordance to what will help bring accessible, reliable and affordable energy throughout the entire country,” he said. BUILDING CAPACITY AND POWER SUPPLY DEPENDABILITY In support of the “Build, Build, Build” program of the Duterte administration, Sec. Cusi emphasized the crucial role of energy, particularly building sufficient capacity, as the key to sustaining the country’s economic growth. Guided by the latest Supreme Court ruling on subjecting power supply contracts to Competitive Selection Process to further protect the consumers, the Energy Chief reassured the public that the DOE will remain

relentless in finding ways to help bring down the costs of power in the country. He also added that missionary electrification and the attainment of 100% household electrification all over the Philippines continues to be of top priority to the energy family, in cooperation with the National Electrification Administration, National Power Corporation and the private industry players. NEW GENERATING CAPACITIES Sec. Cusi likewise stated that the Department will fast-track the contracting of new generating capacities for 2023-2030. He noted that the Working Visit of the President in Japan has led to another positive development in this regard, as the Japanese government, through the Japan International Cooperation Agency, expressed its interest in building a power plant in the Philippines that could be deployed in 18 to 24 months. EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY As part of the Department’s initiatives

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support, the creation of joint task forces, capacity-building activities, and consultative meetings. Also present in the signing of the MOA were DOE Senior Undersecretary Jesus P. Posadas, Undersecretary Felix William B. Fuentebella, Assistant Secretary Caron Aicetel E. Lascano, Commissioner Johannes Benjamin R. Bernabe, Commissioner Amabelle C. Asuncion, Commissioner Macario R. de Claro Jr., Executive Director Kenneth V. Tanate, Director Orlando P. Polinar, Atty. Melbourne Ziro D. Pana, Atty. Gianfrancis Camacho, Atty. Christina Faye Condez-de Sagon, and Atty. Rigel Villanueva.

to provide reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy sources, the DOE is preparing an integrated transmission power development plan, as well as a green rate program that will help strengthen the country’s renewable energy sector. Sec. Cusi stressed that the DOE “will ensure the sustainable implementation of the rules and laws for the security of our energy supply through competition, access to bilateral markets, antimonopoly measures, least-cost power, and the protection of the environment.” Despite being technology neutral, he further assured the public that the DOE will continue to help protect the environment and address climate change concerns by exploring the utilization of the latest technologies that are environmentally sustainable. UNITED AS ONE With the DOE fully supportive of the current administration’s vision of inclusive progress, the Energy Chief appealed to all energy family members to remain steadfast in the face of challenges and continue to improve as a unified energy sector. “I will be looking at how we do things and make the necessary changes if needed. Magtulungan tayo para mas maganda at maunlad ang kinabukasan ng mga susunod na henerasyon ng Pilipino,” he concluded.

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 19

TECHNICAL

ELECTRICAL SAFETY, an advocacy of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. has gone a long way. This advocacy resulted in the electrical safety awareness among licensed electrical practitioners and the electrical consumers. To top it all, the Electrical Safety Month is celebrated in the month of May. During this month, every IIEE Chapter in the entire country including the foreign chapters celebrate electrical safety by reaching out to the public to continuously educate and inform them.

orollary to the said campaign on electrical safety awareness, the Professional Regulation Commission on its end intensified the implementation of RA7920 by reiterating specific provisions on the Republic Act, the Philippine Electrical Code, and also the National Building Code. In support of PRC’s intensified implementation of RA7920, the Department of Public Works and Highways issued NBC MEMORANDUM Circular 02, Series of 2015 dated 15 December 2015:

requires the inclusion of a design analysis on the drawings or submission of the same on separate sheets showing the calculations of short circuit currents and voltage drop among others, to . . .” What is voltage drop? Voltage Drop is the difference between the voltage measurement at the source and the voltage measurement at the point of use. What causes voltage drop? There are various causes of voltage drop ranging from the conductor being used, the current being carried by the conductor, and the connections in the circuit. • Considering the conductor being used, four factors are paramount importance – (a) the type of material from which the conductor is made, (b) the diameter of the conductor, (c) conductor length, and (d) the temperature of the conductor.

“In order to attain an electrical safe environment and pursuant to Section 1301 of the National Building Code (PD 1096) and Article 1.3.2 of the Philippine Electrical Code, All Building Officials are hereby enjoined to be stricter in approving Building Permits by requiring the submission of electrical plans that include design analysis showing all the calculations of short circuits, voltage drop and other essential data as requisite for the issuance of Electrical Permit. . .”

• As for the current being carried by the conductor – voltage drop increases with an increase in the current flowing through the conductor.

Likewise, the Department of the Interior and Local Government issued DILG MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR No. 2016-23 dated 17 February 2016:

Aside from the reducing wasted electricity brought about by voltage drop, we reduce them for the following reasons:

“Article 1.3.2.1 (f) of the Philippine Electrical Code

• System efficiency. A large conductor allows less voltage drop if a circuit has much of a load.

• Connections on the circuit contribute to voltage drop – poor connections in splices or connections of conductors to terminals are factors to be considered. Why is there a need to reduce voltage?

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• System performance. Excessive voltage drop in a circuit causes inefficiency resulting in shorter life span of motors, flickering lights, overheating, heaters heating poorly, etc. • Trouble shooting. Trouble shooting can be done easily when voltage drop is included in the design and any potential problem can be easily identified. Voltage Drop Formula (Reference PEC 2009 TABLE 9.1.1.9, Appendix D, D15)

For Three Phase System: VD = (1.732) (I) (Z) [(L/305) (1/No. of Parallel Path)] Z = √R² + X² %VD = VD/VS x 100 Where : VD - Voltage Drop (Volts) Vs - Supply Voltage (Volts) I - Line Current (Ampere) Z - Line Impedance (Ohms) R - Line ac resistance (Ohms) X - Line ac reactance at 60Hz (Ohms)

Length of Conductor (Meters)

For Single Phase System: VD = (I) (Z) [(L/305) (1/No. of Parallel Path)] Z = √R² + X² %VD = VD/VS x 100 Where : VD - Voltage Drop (Volts) Vs - Supply Voltage (Volts) I - Line Current (Ampere) Z - Line Impedance (Ohms) R - Line ac resistance (Ohms) X - Line ac reactance at 60Hz (Ohms) L - Length of Conductor (Meters) Example:

For Three Phase System: For Cable 500mm² - R = 0.015Ω/305m X = 0.037Ω/305m

I = 1291.77A L = 15m No. of Parallel Path = 4 Vs = 230V

By substituting values: Z = √0.015² + 0.037² = 0.0399Ω VD = (1.732)(1291.77)(0.0399)[(15/305)(1/4)] VD = 1.0976V %VD = VD/VS x 100 = 1.0976/230 x100 = 0.48%

Voltage Drop values are now reflected on the load schedule. Corollary to this article, Short Circuit will be discussed next issue.

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VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 21

TRAVEL

CATAND P

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

Catanduanes, once

called the “Land of the Howling Winds,” is now an emerging tourism destination that invites travelers looking for well-kept secrets off the usual path. This gem in the east of Bicol Peninsula is a perfect hideaway, a place to take pleasure in a largely unspoiled nature, to reconnect with one’s historical and religious heritage and to experience the rustic charm of island life.

This photo is publish Credits to : www.vigattintourism.com

Religion being an integral part of the Catandungan life abounds with religious sites – the Immaculate Conception Cathedral in Virac, the centuryold Baroque-style Bato Church believed to have been built by forced labor for 53 years, and the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows visited by pilgrims for their petitions for healing to mention a few.

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

The beaches around

Catanduanes are

pristine, and those along Virac coast like Mamangal and Balite Beach are ideal sites for skim boarding, knee-boarding and kayaking. The world famous Majestic Waves are found in Baras, Catanduanes where one can experience the breath-taking barrel-type surf at Puraran Beach, and closer at Brgy. Tilod, there is

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DUANES

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

This photo is publish Credits to : www.backpackingpilipinas.com

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

one where the waves are perfect for beginners. Explore the entire island and you’ll find more. Caves are also abundant in the province. The most famous, Luyang Cave – a silent witness to the martyrdom of the natives, houses an altar and grotto in honor of those who have perished. Aside from the mystery of the cave itself, the surrounding park offers an ideal picnic area under the canopy of trees and

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

the excellent view of v from a distance. Waterfalls in backdrops of lush greenery and vegetation can also be found in Catanduanes – threetiered beauties like Marbina Falls in Bato and Nahulugan Falls in Gigmoto, and closer to its capital is the two-tiered Hicming Falls, a 20-minute tricycle ride from Virac proper.

delicacies called latik, ibos, and barisungsung, or rootcrop-based delights such as tabogtabog, kaluko and koping. You can also feast with crabs, lobster, and deep-sea fishes.

Appetizing and yummy offerings in the province are plentiful – rice

(The 2019 IIEE Bicol Regional Conference was held in Virac, Catanduanes on April 2019)

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Come to the Land of the Howling

Catanduanes,

Winds a paradise yet to be discovered!

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 23

S FOR Y0U WHO RECEIVED THI E COPY, WRITE HERE WHAT IIE ) IS. (KEEP THIS COPY AS A SOUVENIR

..the p Elect conn our c can h

...the Integrated Accredited Organization of All Electrical Practitioner in the Philippines where all electrical practitioners interact and share ideas with each other. IIEE also helps its members to cope with fast changing society through affordable trainings and seminars." "Yasmin - REE #59090

IIEE #61892

...is the organization that binds

all the electrical practitioners in the Philippines.

...PRC accredited practitioners that b

...more t It is ou family. us toget profess our kno the field

"Brian - REE #67731

IIEE #79777

24 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1

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...the pillar of the profession it is a beacon that serves as the guide to electrical practitioners to an ethical and responsible practice

...the organization of all RME, REE, and PEE all over the philippines, also the IIEE is to provide update to Electrical practitioners regarding current trends with regards to technology, and to inform the filipino people regarding our profession,

"Marvin - REE 23013

...the brethren in the electrical profession, wielding power and light for a future bright.

"Emmanuel - REE

...one strong family of electrical practitioners.

professional organization for trcal Engineers which aims to nect electrical practitioners from country. It provides services which help our electrical practitioners

"Warren

"Jos Orticio - REE #696 IIEE #3857

...Inspiring Inventiveness Enhancing Excellence. "Jojie R. Bautro - PEE #4107 IIEE-SN#47 2

- REE

...is a habitat of license legendary Electrical Experts that rouses the development of membership to compare globally

IIEE SHAPE DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETENCE "Gov.

"Angging Silao-Fuertes PEE #4269

Richard

d professional organization of electrical bind us together and forever.

...is the institue that can

...an umbrella wherein fellow practitioner could find shelter.

than just an organization. ur home, and we arebinds A family that unites,our ether, contributes toenhances sional growth and ities in owledge and capabil d of electrical engineering.

"Vitsz Idemne - REE #23013 IIEE #44322

bind the relationship for the electrical Practitioners. "Aron

...one of the cornerstones of

our growth as professionals.

..." is an organization of

electrical engrs accrdtd by the PRC established on 1975.

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VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 25

EE Woman

“ Life is how

you make it and in the profession dominated by men,

when a woman works, the world learns

”

- Ma. Cristina Sheila C. Cabaraban

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his EE Woman is no stranger to the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. being a former National President (2015) before she even became a golden girl (imagine being a Lady National President in her forty’s). A Professional Electrical Engineer, Ma’am Sheila as she is fondly called, currently works as Asst. Vice President-Phinma Solar/Phinma Energy Corporation and as Project Development Manager for the same company. She not only rocks but she also roars!

Soaring high above it all in her EE profession, she rose to ranks and worked as College Professor, then as Chairperson-Electrical Engineering Department until she became the Dean-College of Engineering of Cagayan De Oro College. For sure many electrical engineers from Cagayan De Oro and nearby places had Ms. Sheila as their former mentor while the 'pasaways' one time or another may have considered her a tormentor. From the academe she had this paradigm shift in career as an educator by working as Consultant at the former Trans Asia Oil and Energy Development Corporation, now popularly known as Phinma Energy Corporation. She has been with the company for almost ten (10) years practicing the profession that during her student years, only a few chose. Owing to her professional success are her educational qualifications ranging from Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering Management, completed the academic requirements for Ph. D. in Educational Planning and Management, a Fellowship Awardee from the Netherlands Fellowship Program, Maastricht School of Management, studied Project Management at the Asian Institute of Management, and she even took up Bachelor of Laws, a path so different from her engineering profession. Her professional involvement with IIEE cannot be ignored too, not only because she was a former National President but also her being a former Committee Chairman for IIEE-ASEAN and Asia Pacific Registry, a Fellow of IIEE, a member of the ASEAN Monitoring Committee on Engineering Services of the Philippines, and member of Engineering Accreditation Commission – PTC ACBET to mention a few.

Let’s get to know her better as she answers our questions To quote some lyrics from the song “I am Woman” by Helen Reddy, Ma’am Sheila is indeed the EE Woman – “I am woman hear me roar in numbers too big to ignore, and I know too much to go back and pretend . . . You can bend but never break me, ‘cause it only serves to make me more determined to achieve my final goal . . .”

Call her Shing. I believe that life is how you make it. People don’t know that I am a green thumb. I am good at learning new things. I am an EE practitioner because I am a critical thinker. If I am not an EE practitioner, probably I am an astronomer (day and night). When a woman works the world learns. Life is always different in the power sector because it pervades all sectors of society across all socio-political systems. At the end of the day awaits the question that that each human being is asked by his Creator. As an electrical engineer, what do you think is your biggest contribution to the profession? Honestly, I really cannot quantify. Do you agree that females have a disadvantage in the Electrical profession? Physical attribute.

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COVER COVER STORY STORY

GROUND ready

UNDER DISTRIBUTION Words by: Emmanuel B. Allada Photos by: Aron D. Ricafrente

are we totally

SYSTEM

for this

istribution System as defined in EPIRA Law refers to the system of wires and associated facilities belonging to a franchised distribution utility extending between the delivery points on the transmission or sub transmission system or generator connection and the point of connection to the premises of the end-user. Distribution system can be installed overhead which is commonly practiced in our country and underground which is being practiced in several areas in our country. In our country, most distribution lines are installed overhead which can be easily tapped by informal settlers and is dangerous as it may cause harm and bring inconvenience to the end users and another problem is that overhead distribution system are more vulnerable to the natural calamities. Those kind of installation also gives problems to the paying consumers as they are shouldering fees of the electricity consumed by those who connected their lines illegally. Our Overhead Distribution System already had a several improvements, starting from the post itself, from wood to concrete, upgraded cable wires, insulating materials, etc. But is it safe enough for the public especially during natural calamity? Few places in the Philippines has already adopted Underground Distribution System and we asked several Experts regarding Underground Distribution System and letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s find out if we are totally ready for this.

Question: What is the significance of underground distribution system in today's practice? Engr. Calantuan: The significance of underground distribution system in today's practice is its reliability and longevity in ensuring and assuring underground laid out electrical power sub-transmission and distribution systems are immune to catastrophic damages brought about by torrential tropical storms and monsoon rain surges complemented by much reduced impact of lightning strikes as well as enhanced electrical safety from aerial electrocution hazards. Question: What are the notable advantages and disadvantages of underground distribution system from overhead distribution system?

Engr. Calantuan: Notable advantages of underground distribution system from overhead Engr. Edgardo Calantuan is the current Project Director of United Power Systems Philippines Inc. He and his team already handled several underground distribution system are: immunity from damaging weather disturbances; distribution system projects in the country. reduced impact of lightning strikes; and enhanced electrical safety from Question: What is Underground Distribution System: overhead electrocution hazards. Engr. Calantuan: Underground Distribution System (as applied to electrical Notable disadvantages of power) refers to the "below grade" layout run of various sizes of polyvinyl underground distribution system chloride (pvc) pipes & fittings which are concrete-encased for structural from overhead distribution system integrity & electrical safety; interconnected by various configurations of are: prohibitive cost-driven reinforced concrete manholes, with complementing manhole accessories; construction works; varying invert "mandrelled" accordingly to ensure no physical obstruction or hindrance is present to impede smooth pull-in of specifically-designed number of electrical elevation profile brought about power distribution conductors, intended for the purpose, from source point/s by other trades' underground distribution systems (sewer, domestic up to supply point/s of electrical power. water, storm drainage, irrigation, telecommunication, etc.); and periodic seismic movements likely

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to affect structural integrity of concrete-encased pvc pipes & fittings and reinforced concrete manholes of underground electrical power sub-transmission and distribution power systems. Question: What specific underground distribution system (that your company has done) can you cite, and what challenges arose during the installation of the underground distribution system? Engr. Calantuan: The almost 20-kilometer underground distribution system (34.5 kV electrical power, sewer, domestic water, landscape irrigation, telecommunication and street lightings) construction works undertaken by United Power Systems Philippines Incorporated (UPSPI) from November 12 to July 2014 at the Philippine Arena (Bocaue & Sta. Maria, Bulacan) encountered environmental challenges such as voluminous rock formations underneath their respective horizontal layout runs which required lots of rock breaking activities; presence of shallow ground water table almost everywhere which required almost 24-hour dewatering activities; and presence of a number of unidentified (not reflected on as-built plans), previously done underground installations pertaining to storm drainage, sewer, temporary electrical power, etc. which needed to be re-routed and/or isolated beforehand thereby impacting the construction work schedule of underground distribution systems. The almost 22-kilometer underground distribution system (115 kV sub-transmission & 34.5 kV distribution electrical power) construction works undertaken by UPSPI from April 2014 to September 2015 at the Entertainment City Estate Management Inc. (ECEMI), NAIAx, Diosdado Macapagal Avenue, Paranaque City, Metro Manila encountered environmental and other trades' works-related challenges such as very shallow ground water table, being a reclaimed area near Manila Bay, which required 24-hour dewatering activities; soft and water-soaked backfilled soil embankments which made it difficult for construction heavy equipment to position & maneuver thereby requiring additional soil footing reinforcements; and prolonged site clearing and geodetic-siting of roadway routes, where the underground 115 kV sub-transmission & 34.5 kV distribution system layouts would be situated, which then required tremendous efforts and pleadings on a daily basis to courteously urge the site management of the project to intercede in such site condition and predicament. Question: How did your team manage those challenges? Engr. Calantuan: Our team was able to manage those challenges from the aforementioned project sites by maximizing the purpose & use of our 5Ms (manpower, machineries, materials, methodologies and management) for work productivity objectives; daily technical and safety toolbox meetings among project site personnel to ensure clarity and awareness of daily site work activities were absorbed and performed accordingly; and almost daily interaction and coordination with the overall project site management

to resolve issues & concerns that popped up on a daily basis. Question: How much does installation of underground distribution system cost? Engr. Calantuan: Installation of underground distribution system cost cannot readily and/or arbitrarily known/ascertained since its cost item parameters are significantly dependent and based on its electrical design concepts, design development, Terms of Reference (TOR), technical specifications, etc.; inputs from power utility company; inputs from Local Government Unit (LGU) having jurisdiction; proposed site logistical & environmental conditions; and other perceived and/or likely factors that may have an impact to the proposed underground distribution system. Question: What are the current trends in underground distribution system and are we at par with these trends? Engr. Calantuan: The current trends in underground distribution system are its inclusion and/or integration

as one of the showcase features of i-townships, smart urban/urbanized cities within a city or municipality, highend communities, upscale industrial parks, institutional compounds/complexes and global-grade recreational/ sports centers. Nationwide, it is deemed that the Philippines is still far from what is called "on par" with such current trends due to its required financial investments/allocations/ provisions for its inclusion and/or integration to globalstandard infrastructure projects. Nonetheless, it is earnestly hoped that such muchdesired underground distribution system (at least for electrical power sub-transmission and distribution systems) would be gradually adopted as a national policy and subsequently sustained for the betterment of our electrical power infrastructure.

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TRAVELSTORY COVER

Taguig

Fact

Fact About Hidden Fact

Taguig

Bonifacio Global City Taguig

Did You Know... Bonifacio Global City used to be a part of the military reserve of United States government. The military base was called Fort McKinley, named after president William McKinley. BGC served as the headquarters of different organizations specially the Philippine Division of the U.S. Army and the Philippine Scouts. Bonifacio Global City has a secret underground tunnel in Bonifacio Global City that is 2.24 kilometers long and the tunnel had 70 feet under and has 32 chambers and exits that leads to Pembo and East Pembo. History says that the tunnel was established for delivered and transporting supplies from Pasig River to military bases. In addition with this the secret underground tunnel was also occupied by the Japanese as their hiding spot in World War.

Question: Are there new ways to improve the current system? Engr. Calantuan: Underground Distribution Systems are already in need of technologically- improved construction heavy & light equipment excavation/earth moving features; shoring formwork systems; concrete-encased formwork systems; earth trimming/floor-leveling/ compacting equipment; manhole accessories; and cost-friendly readymix concrete in order to significantly improve/enhance their relevancy and sustainability. Question: Based on your experience and perspective, are there any possibility for the whole Philippines to adapt underground distribution system? Engr. Calantuan: Any possibility for the whole Philippines to adopt underground distribution system will require a national policy and enabling law to forego with overhead distribution system and gradually/systematically migrate to underground distribution system paving for the sustainable development and implementation of a well-infrastructured electrical power system in the Philippines. Next, we read the insights of the Senior Vice President of Networks of the Largest Distribution Utility Company in the Philippines, Engr. Ronnie L. Aperocho. Question: What is underground distribution system? Engr. Aperocho: It is an electric distribution system where cables are

installed underground. There are two basic types of underground distribution system being used by utility companies are the Direct Buried Cable System in which the underground distribution cables are directly laid on the trench. and Conduit/Duct System (Direct Buried Duct or Concrete Encased Duct) which the underground cables are placed inside a conduit or a duct. Question: What is the significance of underground distribution system in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s practice? Engr. Aperocho: Given the congestion of overhead distribution facilities, Right-ofÂŹ-Way (ROW) constraints, increasing consumer demand, government direction and regulation, the underground distribution system plays a significant role in resolving these limitations or pain points. A key factor in ensuring a successful underground distribution system installation is a properly designed infrastructure of residential, commercial and industrial customers. Question: What are the notable advantages and disadvantages of underground distribution system from overhead distribution system? Engr. Aperocho: The Notable advantages of underground distribution system is the Public Safety; since all distribution wiring are placed beneath the surface

of the ground, it poses minimal risks of physical and electrical hazard, in contrast to the overhead distribution. Another advantage is its Reliability since the electric power lines in the underground distribution system are less susceptible to outages in the event of weather disturbances, such as typhoons and in case of road hazards brought about by vehicular encounters with overhead line structures (pole, pedestals, etc.) Also, its Improved Exterior (Aesthetics) is considered as an advantage because it addresses the pain point of an overhead distribution system which is the congested overhead electric facilities. This efficient design gives rise to the considerable public pressure on electric distribution utilities to implement an underground distribution system. Underground distribution system has a significantly lower maintenance cost than that of an overhead distribution system due to the reduced chances of faults and service interruptions attributable to wind, lighting and traffic hazards. While the Underground distribution system has a numerous advantage than the overhead distribution system, it also has its disadvantages starting with the Higher Installation Cost as this is more expensive due to the high cost of labor and materials involved: trench works, conduits, cables, manholes, and other special equipment. Its initial cost ranges from four to six times the cost of an Overhead distribution system. Technical Training Requirements also arises as

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a disadvantage in the adaption of the underground distribution system since highly specialized personnel should be employed to handle the accessories and equipment for highly specialized work such as power cable termination and splicing. Cable preparation requires skills and experience since cable joints are the weakest portions of the underground lines and are prone to partial discharge and eventual failure. Longer Installation and Maintenance Period is also a disadvantage of the underground distribution system as it takes months to install an underground distribution system given the level of the civil and electrical works required. Civil Works includes the construction of concrete ducts and manholes and Electrical Works includes cable pulling and the installation of equipment such as pad-mounted switchgears transformers. It also takes a longer time to repair underground lines given the difficulty in detecting faults and locating of damaged facilities. Another disadvantage of Underground distribution system is the Non-live line work as typical faults that occur in this system are usually permanent and cannot be operated live. Question: What specific underground distribution system (that your company has done) can you cite and what challenges arose during the installation of underground distribution system?

industrial parks like Carmelrey Industrial Park, First Philippine Industrial Park (FPIP) and Laguna International Industrial Park. The Bonifacio Global City, on the other hand, was initiated due to a local government ordinance. Question: What are the challenges encountered during the installation of the system? Engr. Aperocho: Personnel with highly specialized skills are required to execute civil and electrical works. The right specification of materials (conductor, tapes, splicing kit, termination kit, etc.) should be applied according to a specific voltage, taking into account the effect of moist, mechanical strength in pulling, temperature, loading, fault, etc. Question: How did your team manage to conquer those challenges? Engr. Aperocho: Highly specialized personnel â&#x20AC;&#x201C; experts from international and local partners (e.g., manufacturer, foreign electric distribution utilities, geodetic/civil engineers, etc.) helped in the initial/ pilot stage of construction while the company employees were on board. Continuous trainings were conducted until the employees developed the specialized skills to i) install standard materials, ii) execute

the right method/scheme on the construction and maintenance and iii) operate the underground distribution system (Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 2, Chapter 4). International technical standard references (AEIC CS9, ANSI/ ICEA T-27-581 NEMA WC 53 for conductors, ANSI / IEEE Std 404 for splicing and ANSI/IEEE Std 48 IEC 60840 termination etc.) and in-house tests were employed, particularly on cables to ensure the quality of the raw materials, appropriateness of tools and machines, and suitability of the production method. Question: How much does installation of underground distribution system cost? Engr. Aperocho: The installation of underground distribution system cost 18Million pesos (estimate) per kilometer for a three-phase single circuit with primary and secondary concrete encased system at 34.5kV voltage. This cost includes labor, material and transportation cost for civil works and electrical works. Question: What are the current trends in underground distribution system and are we at par from these trends? Engr. Aperocho: Fault Indicator â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is installed on all underground equipment (pad-mounted

Engr. Aperocho: In the early â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;90s, MERALCO officially started its underground distribution system to energize residential, commercial and industrial customers. Two major factors affect the implementation of the underground distribution system: i) customer requirement and ii) government directive. Instances of underground distribution system projects as a result of customer requirements include the McKinley Residential Distribution System and several

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transformer and switchgear) to facilitate the location and sectionalizing of faulted cable. Portable Partial Discharge Monitoring Equipment – is the solution to the “install and forget” scheme of underground electric cables. This device can detect partial discharge (PD) on underground cable and equipment to prevent a sudden failure which can cause detrimental effects to the underground distribution line. As per Meralco is concerned, the technologies we are using in the underground distribution system are on par with the international standards by following the benchmarks of the international practice. Question: Are there new ways to improve the current system? Engr. Aperocho: Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) – a trenchless type of underground distribution facility which is ideal for locations where electric distribution line crosses the railroad, a busy highway on which the open trench is not feasible. Underground cable sensor – a device that helps track the location of existing underground line which is hard to locate or identify during maintenance works. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Flexible Conduit- Unlike the regular PVC Conduit which needs adapter to connect every 3-meter along the line between manholes. HDPE does not need adapter since it can provide a longer cut (100M) which can be run between manholes. Best to use on direct buried conduit system. Technology Upgrades and

Integration Network – the development of advanced underground equipment and devices contributed to the underground distribution system. In particular, MERALCO has developed smart equipment for underground distribution facilities such as the Ring Main Unit (RMU) which functions as a switchgear and the installation of smart switchgear. Training and Professional Development – continuing education shall be implemented with the advent of new trends driven by customer demand, regulatory direction and continuing technology upgrade. Currently, these are the MERALCO projects which are improvements on underground distribution system. Question: Based on your experience and perspective, are there any possibility for the whole Philippines to adapt underground distribution system? Engr. Aperocho: Given the high cost and the need for highly specialized personnel to implement an underground distribution system, prudence dictates that we apply the underground distribution system based on what each situation requires. It is a challenge to develop a new underground distribution system but it is more difficult to convert existing overhead distribution into underground system. The retirement of existing overhead facilities and relocating it for underground facilities require more time and entail more expenditures. Comprehensive planning is needed since this will also affect existing customers due to the likelihood of

frequent power interruption. Driven by customer requirement, government directives and technological advancement, underground distribution system can be adapted in the Philippines more particularly for new construction than conversion to underground distribution system from an existing overhead distribution system. The implementation shall be subjected to a comprehensive assessment of relevant issues such as cost implication, feasibility of the location, preparation of highly specialized personnel, material (technical) allocation and acceptance of the public. With the insights of Engr. Calantuan and Engr. Aperocho, we can see that the underground distribution system brings huge significance in today’s practice as it is more reliable and safer than the Overhead distribution system. Installation of the underground distribution system is challenging as there are numerous factors to be considered. These challenges may be difficult to overcome but with the shared knowledge and skills of the experts involved in the installation of the system, Installation of the underground distribution system will be successful. Our country may be far from being par with the current standards, the technology being used is still capable of providing a good underground distribution system. As of today, it is hard to say that every areas in our country can adopt underground distribution system, but with extensive research, trainings, support from local and national government and general public, and funding, the Philippines can adopt the underground distribution system in the foreseeable future.

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TECHNICAL

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEA WAVE ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERTING SYSTEM WITH BUILT-IN CCTV CAMERA Ivan Macdowell J. Balmes | Kenneth Dave M. Inciong | Jefferson P. Añonuevo, John Errol D. Faraon | Bobby G. Sabiniano | Ranie M.Magbanua | Gladys R. Ilagan Jiester C.Kalaw | Karen M. Buela College of Engineering, University of Batangas, Batangas City

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Hundreds of years ago, people have never imagined that they can make their lives very easy. Electricity is something that people cannot live without in the modern day. Living on a planet that is dominated by water, more than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with this simple molecule. Wave, tidal and ocean energy techniques are just beginning to reach viability as potential commercial power sources. Worldwide potential from wave and tidal power has been enormous. As the modern times keep continuity of sources of electricity through the renewable sources available despite sea wave’s unpredictability as it is used as the main source of electricity generation, the proponents of this study in order to contribute to the increasing numbers of options for electric power came up with this study entitled, “Design and Development of an Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-In CCTV Camera”

Hundreds of years ago, people have never imagined that they can make lives very easy. Electricity is something that people cannot live without in the modern day. Without it, life will be so much difficult and laid back. People need to learn how to value electricity and learn how to produce it from renewable sources.

The proponents used the Waterfall Methodology which is divided into five different stages. In the requirement stage, the proponents started to gather information from all the possible resources that would help in project development. The design stage, the proponents converted the visualized ideas into design illustration. After having the design, all factors affecting the components to be used by the proponents were taken into consideration. In the implementation stage, the proponents proposed design was done giving compatibility, efficiency and economy much attention. In the verification stage, the proponents of the study observed first the behavior and characteristics of the sea waves where the prototype would be installed before it passed through various types of tests. Last stage is the maintenance stage in which the proponents maintained and preserved the system and prototype itself to prevent problems in the future. The proponents tested the project and found out that the intensity of the current of the sea waves was a big help in getting the results in the various type of tests. The proponents found out that the device was charging well during the afternoon where sea wave’s current intensity was high. KEYWORDS: Sea-Waves, renewable energy, sprocket, CCTV

Awanou, et al. (2015), asserts that with the population level today, the improvement in comfort is accompanied by an increase in the electrical energy required. The predicted exhaustion of fossil energy resources maintains some speculation. The modernization of current trend of living and world development are moving at fast pace, showing no sign to stop in the coming years. Humans have become energy dependent individuals and technology-based community. The energy is used in various kinds of devices that aid in the comfortable way of living, especially electrical energy. Problems emerged when energy, electrical energy to be exact, are produced while causing much drawbacks to the environment especially to the atmospheric condition as the greenhouse gases polluting the air surrounding as the result from the usage of non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels and natural gas. These non-renewable sources become depleted through time as limited in amount causing the price for electrical energy supply tend to show increment in economic cost plus the cost of extracting those sources from beneath the earth. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the current technologies, the renewable energy technology is the alternative way to replace and support the sustainability of the environmental friendly concept. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. While many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas. Renewable energy provided an estimated 19% of global final energy consumption in 2012 (REN21, 2014), while the total worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$ 214 billion in 2013. Living on a planet that is dominated by water, more than 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with this simple molecule. Wave, tidal and ocean energy technologies are just beginning to reach viability as potential commercial power sources. Worldwide potential from

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TECHNICAL wave and tidal power has been enormous. While just a few small projects currently exist, the technology is advancing rapidly and has huge potential for generating power. The flowing waters in the rivers and tidal waves can be a good source of energy which can be collected using different machines or equipment at strategic locations under strong currents. Despite being discussed in patents since the late 18th century, modern research into harnessing energy from waves was stimulated by the emerging oil crisis of the 1970s. With global attention now being drawn to climate change and the rising level of CO2, the focus on generating electricity from renewable sources is once again an important area of research. (B. Drew, A.R. Plummer, and M.N. Sahinkaya, 2009). The modern times keep continuity of sources of electricity through the renewable sources available despite sea waves’ unpredictability as it is used as the main source of electricity generation. The proponents of this study in order to contribute to the increasing number of options for electric power came up with this study entitled, “Design and Development of a Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV Camera”. Generally, the study aimed to design and develop a Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV. Specifically, this study aimed to attain the following objectives: (1)To determine the components in designing and developing a device that will harness sea-waves which can be converted into electrical energy; (2)To determine the process of converting sea waves into electrical energy through the use of the combinations of a generator, voltage circuit regulator, a modified gear flywheel, a speed converter, a lever arm, and a float; and (3)To test the Sea Waves Powered Coast Monitor in terms of: (3.1)voltage produced by the system with relation to the height and intensity of the waves; (3.2)charging rate of the system in the battery; and (3.3)effectiveness to supply the load and its discharging rate The output of this project is a CCTV Monitoring System that is powered by Sea Waves which allows the collection of energy through the waves created by the sea and stores it for the use of the built-in CCTV Camera. The scope of this study includes the design and development of a prototype that will generate electricity using sea waves. This study also presents ways how natural resources can be used to generate power that can supply a useful system that can help monitor events in the area where it is designated and also for lighting purposes. The CCTV is expected to operate based on the specifications that the battery has. This research was limited to the identification of the process involved in designing and developing the setup of Sea wave Generator and the testing of the system.

This device needs enough waves to generate electricity; thus, the sea waves are expected to be unpredictable and unstable. The power that can be produced was limited only for the use of CCTV and the Wi-Fi. The overall power consumption was also limited only to 100 W-hr. This study can be lead for future researchers, especially those electrical engineering students. This study may give them insights in the principle of generators and energy conversion and transfer which may be a significant help in the practice of their profession.

METHODOLOGY In this study, the proponents presented the reliability of the project based on how it was produced. This study used the Waterfall Methodology in creating this design project. In this methodology, the researchers considered every phase of the study one by one. Every phase was considered vital, thus completing and testing each phase before jumping to another phase. This method also helped them checked the development of all the tools they used in creating the project itself. Through this method, the proponents were able to easily troubleshoot and take actions when problems occurred. This methodology allowed the researchers to see the progress in this study in every phase of its development.

Project Description

The proposed project, which is the Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV, was designed to be an eco-friendly alternative source of power. This study details the design and optimization of a float used as a contact to the ocean waves to collect renewable energy. The proposed float was designed as a point absorber—a device that transforms the kinetic energy of the vertical motion of surface waves into electrical energy. The focus of the research was the mechanical system used to collect the energy, and the methods to improve it for eventual use in an actual wave energy harvester. A flywheel energy storage system was utilized in order to provide an improved power output from the system, even with the intermittent input of force exerted by ocean waves. Results indicate that the power output by the system can be substantially improved through the use of a flywheel energy storage control scheme that engages and disengages the electrical load based on the rotational velocity of the flywheel system.

Design Procedure

The design procedure shows the step-by-step outline in preparing the design project consisting of the succeeding stages: requirement stage, design stage, implementation stage, verification stage and lastly, maintenance stage.

Figure 2.1 Design Procedure (Waterfall Method)

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Requirements

This section discusses the development of the free energy coming from the sea waves. Upon realization and analysis of the design problem, the proponents started to gather information from all possible resources that would help in the project development. The foundation was made through conceptualization of the gathered data and series of researches until the specific design was formulated.

Design

In this stage, the researchers finalized the design of the CCTV coastline monitoring and light powered by sea waves considering site location, sea waves, weight, size, affordability, and ease of usage. The specified factors were pondered to accomplish the desired output. The components were selected based on the mentioned factors, and the ratings required for each part of the prototype. There were many considerations in the design of the project. Thus, the architecture and hardware design were only confirmed upon implementation. Exact location setup was hard to attain in this project and for this purpose, the proponent applied the trial and error method for better and more effective result.

Sources of Information

Designing and developing a Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV required skills and techniques. It takes a lot of time and effort in building the system. The internet and other related studies were very helpful in terms of information regarding the study. Opinions and suggestions regarding the study were fully acknowledged by the proponents.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Determining the Components Needed for the System Block Diagram

Implementation

After formulating the design plan, the development of the proposed design was done. The design and development of a CCTV Coastline Monitoring System Powered by Sea Waves, was done by considering the condition and characteristics of the sea waves. Furthermore, the advantage of developing the product design was also considered. The prototype was developed based on the concept of constructing a design of the CCTV coastline monitoring system powered by sea waves which contains an electricity generator, a specialized geared flywheel, a speed converter, a battery, a pivot, steel bars, and a float. Verification Testing the prototype is made to determine if a device is properly functioning. But before the testing, the proponents of the study first observed the behavior and characteristics of the wave where the prototype would be install. Testing the functionality, effectiveness, and durability of the system was performed. The system passed through series of tests for functionality. The system was tested in different time of the day to test its effectiveness. With these trials, the proponents of the study were able to verify the efficiency of the system. When the series of test failed, design phase was again reviewed.

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram of the System

The block diagram above shows how the project works. First, the sea wave which is the source of the project makes the system works. The float connected with the lever arm causes the contact on the waves to go up and down. The float triggers the flywheel and sprocket to rotate. As the flywheel and sprocket continue to rotate, the generator also rotates and produces voltage which is then stored on the capacitor circuit. The voltage is then transferred on the battery. The voltage on the battery is converted through the use of a power inverter. Lastly, the CCTV and Pocket Wi-Fi are connected to the power inverter for the system to work.

Schematic and Wiring Diagram

Maintenance Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV includes the maintenance and preservation of the system. Because it is an innovation problem may occur sooner or later. Since the system has a monitoring device, it is easier to monitor the state of the system. If any problem occurs, users have to check on it right away to avoid further damage.

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Figure 3.2 Schematic Diagram of the Electrical Energy Converter

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TECHNICAL Project Structure

c.3. System Hardware

c.1. Cad Design

Figure 3.7 Float Figure 3.3 Cad Design of the Electrical Energy Converter

The figure above is a float. It is the main contact on the sea water in order to move up and down due to the motion of the intensity of the sea waves. It contains Styrofoam inside in order for it to float because Styrofoam floats on the water because it is too light.

Figure 3.4 Cad Design of the Electrical Energy Converter

c.2PCB Layout

Figure 3.8 Lever Arm Connected with the Float

This lever arm connected with the float serves as the supporting system on the float and also it is the contact with the flywheel system with the use of a chain. This also goes up and down as the float moves.

Figure 3.5 Electrical Energy Converter PCB Layout â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Top View

Figure 3.9 Voltage Regulator/Rectifier for One (1) AC Generator

This voltage regulator circuit is for only one (1) AC Generator. This circuit functions as a collector of the voltage produced by the AC Generator. It also converted into DC for the storage on the battery. Figure 3.8 Lever Arm Connected with the Float

Electrical Energy Converter PCB Layout â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Top View

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This voltage regulator circuit is for two (2) AC Generator connected in parallel. This circuit functions as a collector of the voltage produced by the AC Generator. It is converted into DC for the storage on the battery.

Figure 3.14 1000-W Power Inverter

A 1000Watts power inverter was used in this prototype. This inverter converts the DC Current into AC Current for the purpose of supplying the load since the load consumes AC Voltage. Figure 3.15 YI Wireless CCTV Camera

YI Wireless CCTV Camera serves as the load in this prototype. It consumes AC Voltage and monitors the events that happened from time to time and stores its recording on a memory card installed on it.

Figure 3.11 AC Generator

This AC Generator used in the system produced more than 50V AC each. It was installed or placed on the side of the flywheel in order for it to also rotate. Three (3) AC Generators were used on the system for it to produce enough voltage needed to charge the battery.

Figure 3.16 Chain connecting the lever arm with a spring

This chain with spring serves as the connector of the lever arm with float to the flywheel system, as the float goes up and down; this chain moves the flywheel system and tends to rotate.

Figure 3.12 Sprocket

Sprocket was used as one of the rotating parts of the flywheel system. This sprocket rotates if and only the float moves up and down due to the intensity of the sea waves. As this continues on rotating, it also makes the flywheel rotates.

Figure 3.13 12-Volts Battery Figure 3.17 Flywheel System

This 12Volts battery serves as the storage for the voltage generated by the system. The voltage stored in this battery is used by the built-in CCTV Camera for the monitoring purposes.

The flywheel system is the point of contact of the three (3) generators used on the system. As it rotates due to the motion of the waves, it makes the AC Generator to rotate also and produce voltage.

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Figure 3.18 Chain

This chain serves as the connector of the lever arm with float together with a spring to the flywheel system, as the float goes up and down, this chain moves flywheel system and tends to rotate.

3.2 Identification of the Steps and Procedures of Converting Sea Wave into an Electrical Energy with Built-in CCTV The researchers of the study systematically identified how the sea waves are converted into electrical energy. The motion of the sea waves produces kinetic energy. A float which is in contact with the surface of the sea is then connected to the chain which in every movement of the float will cause the sprocket to rotate to power up the generator. The power produced by the generator is converted by the use of a voltage regulator circuit and the voltage produced is stored in the battery and converted by the power inverter to supply the loads. Since the sea waves are very unpredictable and unstable every time, and the load, CCTV and Wi-Fi need to be running 24/7 since they are part of a monitoring system, it is necessary that the power source is always available. It is the reason why a battery is used in the system.

The two tests above show the voltage generated by the system with the battery and load not connected. The test was conducted as the voltage reading every hour was measured across the voltage regulator circuit. The height of the sea waves was measured from the sea bed up to the uppermost part of the water. The voltage produced on Trial 1 is much greater than the one produced in Trial 2, but looking at the height of the sea water on both trials, it seemed that their heights were not that far from each other. But it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mean that the greater the height of the sea water, the higher the voltage that will be produced. The researchers found out that it was the intensity of the current of the sea waves that greatly affected the voltage produced in the two trials done. Based on Table 1 and Table 2, as the time passed by, the height of the sea water increases while the voltage generated by the voltage regulator circuit also increases. Table 2 Voltage Stored by the System in the Battery without Load

Table 3 Voltage Stored by the System in the Battery with Load

3.3 Testing the Sea Waves Powered Coast Monitor Table 1 Voltage Generated by the System per Hour

Table 2 and Table 3 show the results of the voltage stored in the battery when the load is not connected and when connected to the system respectively. The researchers found out that the charging rate in Table 2 was higher than that in Table 3 because in Table 2, the load was not connected. Therefore the load does not consume voltage as it continues on charging. The average charging in Table 2 was 0.1708 V/hr while at Table 3 it was 0.0208 V/hr. The height of the sea water is measured from the sea bed up to the uppermost part of the water. The test was conducted as the voltage stored in the battery is measured every two hours. Under the charging rate, the voltage stored on the battery by the system is calculated 38 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1

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by dividing the incremented voltage by two (2) hours. From the initial voltage of 10.25V on Table 2 and 12.30V on Table 3, the proponents had that as the initial voltage basis of the test of charging rate and based on the table shown, the charging rate of the system is most effective from 12:00 to 2:00 pm. It is when the highest charging rate is achieved. Table 4 Voltage Consumed by the Load and its Discharging Rate

The movement of the float causes the rotational velocity of the flywheel system resulting also to the rotation of the AC Generator connected to the side of the flywheel system. As the generator continues on rotating, it produces voltage that is then stored in the voltage regulator circuit. The voltage collected is then stored in the 12V battery for the use of the built-in CCTV Camera. The proponents concluded that the system is best installed in places with high intensity or high current of sea waves because even though the height of the sea water is high, and the intensity of the sea waves is low, they are not yet enough to produce high voltage based on the results of the trials made, therefore the effectiveness of the system in supplying the load depends on the factors stated. The discharging rate of the system based on the trials made varies from time to time, because the intensity of the sea waves is often high in the afternoon. The intensity of sea waves is directly proportional with the voltage generated by the system.

There are several factors that confine the capability of the proponents in conducting the research study and improving the quality of the system, such as time and financial aspects. Because of this, the researchers recommend the following:

The two previous tests show the results when the load was connected to the system and its discharging rate. Trial 1 and Trial 2 show the voltage discharged by the battery when the load was connected. It is shown that there was a slight decrement in the voltage stored in the battery due to the load connected to it. The researchers found out that the average discharging rate for Trial 1 was 0.5583V/hr while the average discharging rate for Trial 2 was 0.02167V/hr.

CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTION FOR USE

After conducting the study, the proponents were able to 1. draw the following conclusions: The system is composed of: a lever arm with a float which is in direct contact with the sea waves, a sprocket, an AC generator, voltage regulator/rectifier, 12-V Battery, 1000-W Power Inverter which is used to convert DC to AC, a pocket Wi-Fi which is used as a source of internet connection, and a CCTV Camera as the monitoring device. 2. The process of converting sea wave into electrical energy includes the following: good sea waves are needed in order for the float to move up and down; the float is connected with a lever arm that is also connected to the sprocket with the use of a chain.

1. Weather proof casing for the Voltage Regulator Circuit and AC Generators may be installed. 2. Higher Ampere-Hour (AH) rating for the battery for longer discharging time may be done. 3. Greater Camera Resolution for better view may be done. 4. Secured case and better ventilation for the Power Inverter, Pocket Wi-Fi and CCTV Camera may be added. 5. Enhance the base of the prototype so it will be more stable and flexible when greater sea waves occur.

REFERENCES Awanou C. N., Houékpohéha M. A., Hounguèvou J. V., Hounsou J. T., Kounouhéwa B. B., and Tokpohozin B. N., (2015). Variations of Wave Energy Power in Shoaling Zone of Benin Coastal Zone Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 4(1), 64-71. B. Drew, A.R. Plummer, and M.N. Sahinkaya, (2009). A Review of Wave Energy Converter Technology Proc. IMechE Vol. 223 Part A: J. Power and Energy Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK Network, R.E.N (2014), “Renewables 2014: Global Status Report”, Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) Circuit<http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/circuit Closed-Circuit Television<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closedcircuit_television Yi Camera<http://www.techfunology.com/electronics/digitalcameras/ip-cameras/xiaomi-xiaoyi-smart-ip-camera-2-1080p-review/ Electricity <http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/how-togenerate-electricity-how-is-electricity-generated.html Energy <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03605442 Power <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow. html Renewable Energy<http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/index/ tech.html Sea Wave Energy <http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/ WaveEnergy.p

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VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 39

HEALTH

Words : Maria Josenia R. Bautro

Graphics : Aron D. Ricafrente

Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition. It maybe caused by a blocked artery or the leaking or bursting of a blood vessel. It may also be a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that doesn’t cause permanent damage. Stroke is a medical emergency and urgent treatment is essential. The sooner a person receives treatment for a stroke, the less damage is likely to happen.

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS • Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack and transient ischemic attack • Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 • High cholesterol • Diabetes • Obstructive sleep apnea • Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm

Lifestyle Risk Factors

• • • •

Being overweight or obese Physical inactivity Heavy or binge drinking Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamines

Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability and possibly death.

ISCHEMIC STROKE

A stroke caused by a blocked artery is called ischemic stroke. It occurs when the arteries to the brain become narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow. The most common ischemic strokes include: • Thrombotic stroke – occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain. A clot may be caused by fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow (atherosclerosis) or other artery conditions. • Embolic stroke – occurs when a blood clot or other debris forms away from the brain – usually in the heart, and is swept through the bloodstream to lodge in narrower arteries. The type of blood clot is called embolus.

Other Higher Risk Factors

HEMOR R HA GIC STR OKE

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can result from many conditions that affect blood vessels, which include the following: • Hypertension or uncontrolled high blood pressure • Blood thinning resulting from overtreatment with anticoagulants • Aneurysm due to weak spots on blood vessel walls A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rapture of an abnormal tangle of thin-walled blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation). The types of hemorrhagic stroke includes: •Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and spills into the surrounding brain tissue, damaging the brain cells. Brain cells beyond the leak are deprived of blood and are also damaged. High blood pressure, trauma, vascular malformations, use of blood-thinning medications and other conditions may cause an intracerebral hemorrhage.

• Age – 55 or older • Race – African-Americans have a higher risk of stroke • Sex – Men have higher risk of stroke than women. • Hormones – use of birth control pills or hormone therapies that include estrogen, as well as increased estrogen levels from pregnancy and childbirth.

•Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when an artery on or near the surface of the brain burst and spills into the space between the surface of the brain and the skull. This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe headache. A subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by the bursting of a small sack-shaped or berry-shaped aneurysm. After the hemorrhage, the blood vessels in the brain may widen and narrow erratically (vasospasm), causing brain cell damage by further limiting the blood flow.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) sometimes known as ministroke, is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those in a stroke. A temporary decrease in blood supply to part of the brain causes TIAs, which may last for as little as five minutes. Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris block blood flow to part of the nervous system but there is no permanent tissue damage and no lasting symptoms. However, having a TIA puts a greater risk of having a full-blown stroke, causing permanent damage later.

References:

Barrett, Kevin M., Meschia, James F., (2013), Stroke, Chester: Wiley, Second Edition Hennerici, Michael; Bogousslavsky, Julien; Sacco, Ralph L.; (2005), Stroke, London: Elsevie Hennerici, Michael; Binder, Johannes; Szabo, Kristina; (2012), Stroke, Oxford: OUP Oxford Harwood, Rowan; Huwez, Farhad; Good, Dawn; (2005), Oxford Handbook of Stroke Care: Lindley, Richard Iain; (2017), Stroke, Oxford, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Oxford Unive Mayo Clinic, (2019), Facts About Stroke, mayoclinic.org

SYMPTOMS

PREVENTION

FACE – the face may have dropped on one side, the person may not be able to smile or the mouth or eye may have dropped.

Stroke prevention strategies involve knowing the risk factors, adopting a healthy lifestyle and following the doctor’s recommendation. In general, healthy lifestyle recommendations include:

ARMS – the person with suspected stroke may not be able to lift both arms and keep them there because of weakness or numbness in one arm.

• Controlling high blood pressure. This is one of the most important things to do to reduce stroke risk. Exercise, stress management, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting the amount of intake of salt and alcohol can help to keep high blood pressure in check.

SPEECH – the speech maybe blurred or garbled, or the person may not be able to talk at all despite appearing to be awake; they may also have problems understanding what the other person is saying.

• Lowering the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat. Eating less cholesterol and fat (saturated fat and trans fat) may reduce the plaque in the arteries.

TIME – if any of these signs are seen or observed it is time to seek immediate medical treatment. The length of time the signs and symptoms are present can affect treatment options. Watch for the signs and symptoms if you think that someone may be having a stroke. Pay attention when the signs and symptoms begin. • Trouble with speaking and understanding. Confusion may be experienced and difficulty in understanding speech and slur with words. • Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. Sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in the face, arm or leg may develop on one side of the body. • Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes. Blurred or blackened vision in one or both eyes may develop or one may see double. • Headache. A sudden, severe headache, which may be accompanied by vomiting, dizziness or altered consciousness may indicate that a person is having a stroke. • Trouble with walking. Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or loss of coordination or stumbling may be experienced.

COMPLICATIONS Depending on how long the brain lacks blood and which part was affected, a stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities and complications may include: • Paralysis or loss of muscle movement. Paralysis on one side of the body or loss of control of certain muscles such as those on one side of the face or one arm. • Difficulty talking or swallowing. A stroke might affect the control of the muscles in the mouth or throat making it difficult to talk clearly (dysarthria), swallow (dysphagia) or eat. Difficulty with language (aphasia), including speaking or understanding speech, reading or writing may also be experienced. • Memory loss or thinking difficulties. People who have had strokes experience some memory loss and may have difficulty thinking, making judgments, reasoning and understanding concepts. • Emotional problems. People who have had strokes may have more difficulty controlling emotions or may develop depression. • Pain. Pain, numbness or other strange sensations may occur in the parts of the body affected by stroke. People may also be sensitive to temperature changes, especially extreme cold and this complication is known as central stroke pain or central pain syndrome. • Changes in behavior and self-care ability. People who have had strokes may become more withdrawn and less social or more impulsive and may need help with grooming and daily help.

er Churchill Livingstone

• Quitting tobacco use. Smoking raises the risk of stroke for smokers and nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Quitting tobacco use reduces the risk of stroke. • Controlling diabetes. Diabetes can be managed with diet, exercise, weight control and medication. • Maintaining a healthy weight. Being overweight contributes to other stroke risk factors such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. • Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. A diet containing daily servings of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of stroke. • Exercising regularly. Aerobic or “cardio” exercises reduce the risk of stroke. Exercise can lower blood pressure, increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improve the overall health of blood vessels and heart. It also helps lose weight, control diabetes and reduce stress. • Drinking alcohol in moderation. Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of high blood pressure, ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic stroke. However, drinking small to moderate amounts of alcohol, such as one drink a day, may help prevent ischemic stroke and decrease blood’s clotting tendency. • Treating obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which the oxygen level intermittently drops during the night and treatment includes oxygen at night or wearing a small device in the mouth to help improve breathing. • Avoiding illegal drugs. Certain street drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine are established risk factors for TIA or a stroke. Cocaine reduces blood flow and can narrow the arteries.

TREATMENT Treatment depends on the type of stroke, which part of the brain was affected and what caused it. Strokes are usually treated with medication which includes medicines to prevent and dissolve blood clots, reduce blood pressure and reduce cholesterol levels. In some cases, procedures may be required to remove the clots. Surgery may also be required to treat brain swelling and reduce the risk of further bleeding in cases of hemorrhagic strokes.

RECOVERY Although some people may recovery quite quickly, many people who survive a stroke are often left with long-term problems caused by the injury in the brain. Some people need long period of rehabilitation before recovery from former independence, while many never fully recover and need support adjusting to living with the effects of stroke. The process of rehabilitation depends on the symptoms and their severity. A team of specialists are available to help with rehabilitation. These specialists include physiotherapists, psychologist, occupational therapist, speech and language therapists, dietitians, and special nurses and doctors. Rehabilitation services help the person recovering from a stroke to learn and re-learn the skills necessary for independent daily living at home. While some people will be dependent on some form of care to aid them in their daily activities.

A Practical Manual, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press ersity Press IIEE.ORG.PH

VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 41

TECHNICAL

DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE LAMP POWERED BY MATURED COCONUT WATER ESPERAS, NOLI JR., M. | VELA, LEO AGUSTIN P. Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering, Camarines Norte State College

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to develop a portable lamp powered by matured coconut water as an alternative lighting source at coconut farms. It also sought to develop renewable energy source that helped the offgrid communities to have accessible and reliable source of electricity. It determined the performance of the matured coconut water as the source of electricity. The lamp is designed portable and hand-carried consisting of three layers of base, lamp holder for 3 watts LED bulb and frame as supported. The device has an overall dimension of 15.30 cm by 11.20 cm by 25.10 cm. Each layer of base contains cells, six at the bottom layer and five cells for remaining two layers. It is designed to be light in weight, made up of plastic and aluminum braces for ease of carrying. The results showed that the lamp needs a quantity of 1440 mL of matured coconut water to operate effectively and could last for 17 hours of continuous work. Lastly, it has a capacity of 9.6064Ah and an output voltage of 5.39 V respectively

KEYWORDS: portable lamp, coconut water, renewable energy.

INTRODUCTION Light is one of the basic needs of a community. However, according to Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian, 2.4 million households are still out of electricity. Hence, the government is trying to fill this shortage by applying modern technologies. Currently, there is still a gap in connecting every community to the power grid and delivering electricity and serving every household with electricity. A sustainable and reliable source of energy without possible hazardous effects is needed by the community to provide them a lighting system specifically during the night. Electrochemistry nowadays is really the key to a reliable energy source as stated by John A. Turner of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ECS, 2016). Electrochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the relationship between chemical reaction and electricity. Generation of electricity through chemical reaction is a fascination to give answers to the demand of electrification primarily to remote areas. Electrochemistry has a major part in our daily lives from electronic gadgets to transportation; it is all around us, and the best example of this are batteries. A battery is a container consisting of galvanic cells in series that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy

through chemical reactions. Basically, the components of a battery are electrodes and electrolytes giving it a complete path that would allow the flow of electric charge and generate electrical power. Electrolyte, a major part of a battery is an aqueous solution which has the property to conduct electricity because of the ions it contains. Electrolytes can be classified into three groups: acids, bases, and salts; even fruits contain this solution and has vital benefits for the body. One of the fruits that is rich with electrolytes is coconut. Through electrochemistry, the generation of power became portable. This research studyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s purpose is to develop a portable lamp that will be powered by matured coconut water using the concept of electrochemistry that will serve as source of light for the off-grid communities such as coconut farms the source being sustainable and accessible to the said areas.

Background of the study The coconut fruit is a tropical tree commonly found at Philippines. The Bicol Region and the Southern Tagalog Region has the second greatest coconut hectarage and number of bearing trees, and Camarines Norte ranks as top 13 and is highly suitable for coconut production. For decades, the coconut product is the major export from the Philippines. Despite of this statistic, coconut farmers were considered the poorest in the agriculture sector. Coconut farms far from the urban areas, usually donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have access to the distribution utility of electricity. Coconut farmers and their family rely on petroleum gas as means of fuel for light during the night which somehow cause health related issues to the family because of the smoke produce in burning the fuel. It seems unfair for those coconut farmers contributing much for the economy through products for export; but left unfortunate and have added daily necessity, being the cost of petroleum to fuel their light for the night. That is why the researchers arrived with the idea of helping those coconut farmers by developing a portable lamp that they may be carried anywhere and has a reliable source of power that is accessible to the community. Coconut water is well-known as rich in electrolytes which is essential to humans and can also be a source of electricity. According to DA Secretary Proseso Alcala, 85% of this coconut water is being discarded in the coconut industry. However, this liquid considered as waste by many can actually be used to generate light. Electrolyte is a solution capable of carrying electricity, usually found in batteries. When this electrolyte is inserted with electrode and have complete path it can

42 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1

IIEE.ORG.PH

generate electrical energy and this reaction is called redox reaction where the losing and METHODOLOGY gaining of electrons occurs. This system is called galvanic cell, which means Design through chemical reaction it produceProject electrical energy. To help the coconut farmer communities, the researchers sought to developed portable lamp powered by lamp is The portable matured coconut water.

copper, manganese, aluminum and boron. These inorganic ions or electrolytes are substances that allow the flow of electron form positive to negative ions. From the article of Jeff Blessing entitled Wet Cell Battery Lights a Lamp, he explained that chemistry and electromagnetic in one (1) circuit. major consists of threeworks main together parts namely: theIts base or containe components are anode, cathode, and electrolytes. The electrodes and electrolytes was stored, (2) the bulb holder which where the electrolyte has the ability to strips off the anode and bulb and s and (3) the brace or frame whichon support the portable attached Statement of the problem deposits the anode to make lamp them and more positivewith handle fo and negative, correspondingly. Another experiment Generally, the study aimed to develop a portable conducted by Thomas Ramos Woolridge Company, they lamp that will be powered by matured coconut water claimed that coconut juice can provide electricity. It is as electrolyte to the battery. Specifically, it sought to chemically converted by means of bacteria to formic answer the following: acid to extract electricity. The generated electricity from this ordinary juice would be useful in emergencies and 1. What is the difference in voltage output between likewise to equip small electric power needs in certain young and matured coconut water? remote areas. 2. What is the voltage output of stored matured coconut water after: a. 1 day b. 3 days c. 7 days 3. What amount of coconut water is needed to power the portable lamp in mL that would last for at least four hours? 4. What is the discharging rate of the portable lamp powered by matured coconut water? 5. What is the duration replacement of the electrodes?

METHODOLOGY Project Design The portable lamp consists of three main parts namely: (1) the base or container where the electrodes and electrolytes was stored, (2) the bulb holder where the bulb and switch are placed and (3) the brace or frame which supports the portable lamp and attached with METHODOLOGY handle for carrying. Project Design

Figure 1.lamp Conceptual The portable is consists of three main parts namely: (1) the base or container where the electrodes and electrolytes was stored, (2) the bulb holder which where the bulb and switch placed Design and (3) the brace or frame which support the portable lamp and attached with handle for carrying.

Scope and Limitation This research developed a portable lamp powered by matured coconut water that could last for at least four hours. It also aimed to determine the parameters for the design of the portable lamp and the actual performance of the lamp. The research was held at Camarines Norte last April to August of 2016. The researchers also focused on determining the amount of matured coconut water needed and how long the electrolyte and electrode will be effective to use. The researchers used three-watts LED for the experiment and specified container. However, the researchers did not include comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of electrolyte in coconut water, the chemical reaction that took place during the operation, and also not included is the effect of reaction to the container.

Figure 1. Conceptual Design

LITERATURE REVIEW Cocos nucifera or commonly known as coconut is fondly called the â&#x20AC;&#x153;tree of lifeâ&#x20AC;? because of the various uses and products that can be derived from its every parts, from the roots up to its fruits. It is a tropical tree typically found at tropical areas such as Philippines. The coconut fruit is considered matured when the coconut meat grows and replaces the water by cells storing lipids; it reaches full maturity at 12 months where about the water weighs 25% of the total weight of the nut. Matured coconut water is composed of cytokinins, inorganic ions, and others essential substances. As conducted by Yong, et. al., they summarized the composition of mature coconut water and showed that the inorganic ions presents are calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc,

Figure 2. Top View 4

Figure 2. Top View

Figure 2. Top View 4

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VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 43

TECHNICAL

Figure 7. Base Dimension

Figure 8. Electrode

The Bulb Holder The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and the electrical connection. It was situated above the base. The circuit is consist of the active element which is the coconut water, and passive elements which are the conducting wire, a switch and the load of LED lamp

Figure 8. Electrode Figure 8. Electrode

The Bulb Holder

Figure 9. Copper and Aluminum Dimension

Figure 9. Copper and Aluminum Dimension 6

The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and

ure 3. Front ViewFigure 3. Front View

theView electrical connection. It is situated above the base. Figure 4. Back The View Figure 4. Back Bulb Holder The circuit consists of the active element which is the coconut water, and passive elements which are the conducting wire, a switch, and the load of LED lamp.

The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and the electrical connection. It was situated Figure 10. Bulb Holder Dimension above the base. The circuit is consist of the active element which is the coconut water, and passive elements which are the conducting wire, a switch and the load of LED lamp

Figure 3. Front View

ure 3. Front View Figure 3. Front View

Figure 4. Back View Figure 4. Back View Figure 4. Back View

Figure 9. Copper and Aluminum Dimension 6

Figure 10.Holder Bulb Holder Figure 10. Bulb Dimension Dimension

Figure 11. Frame o Brace and the Handle Figure 11. Frame o Brace and the Handle 7

Figure 5. Left Side View

Figure 5. Left Side View Figure 5. Left Side View

Figure 6. Right Side View Figure 6. Right Side View Figure 6. Right Side View

The Base or Container

The base or container is the storage room for the 5 5 It is in a rectangular shape Container electrolyte and electrodes. Figure 5. Left View corners, each has six Figure 6. Right Side View Figure 11. Frame o Brace and the Handle withSide smooth compartments where Figure 5. Left Side View Figure 6. Right Side View container isatthe storage roomlayer for the electrolyte and electrodes. It is in a and rectangular the bottom carried six cells and for middle mooth corner each has has six compartments where at the layerconnections. carried six cells and top layer five cells and path forbottom the wire 7

d top layer has five cells and path for the wires connection.

Figure 7. Base Dimension

RESULTS AND Figure 12. ActualDISCUSSION Design of Portable Lamp

Difference of Voltage Output between Young and Matured Coconut Water RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The researchers used theand same amount of young Difference of Voltage Output between Young Matured Coconut Water and mature coconut water which was 540Ml equivalent to

The researchers samemade amountthree of young matureset coconut water sixused cellsa and trialsand to each of cells. Forwhich was 540M Figure 7. Base Dimension equivalent to six cells and do three trials to each set of cells. For young coconut water the me voltage output is 2.08 volts, on the other hand for matured coconut water the mean voltage outp is 1.96 volts. In graphical representation shows that the matured has better potential to use | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH electrolyte because the output slightly increasing as the electrode dipped as electrolytes longer.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Difference of Voltage Output between Young and Matured Coconut Water

The researchers a same youngoutput and mature coconut water which was 540Ml Water Needed to Amount of Matured Coconut the young used coconut water amount the meanofvoltage is 2.08 andand on do thethree other trials hand,to foreach the matured for Four Hours. equivalent to volts, six cells set of cells. For Last young coconut water the mean Figure 14. Voltage Ouput vs Number of Days Stored coconut water the mean voltage output is 1.96 volts. voltage output is 2.08 volts, on the other hand for matured coconut water the mean voltage output ortable Lamp The graphical representation shows that the matured This discusses the amount of matured coconut water is 1.96 coconut volts. Inwater graphical representation shows thatasthe maturedneeded has better potential to use as four hours. The has better potential to be used to power portable lamp Amount of Matured Coconut Water Needed to Last forfor Four Hours. electrolyte the slightly output is slightly increasing as electrolyte becausebecause the output increasing as the electrode dipped as electrolytes longer. amount researchers used are 540mL, 990mL and the electrode dipped in the electrolytes longer.

ed Coconut Water

This discusses the amount of matured coconut water needed to power portable lamp for four hours. whichused equivalent for six cells,forand The1440mL amount researchers are 540mL, 990mL and cells, 1440mL eleven which equivalent six cells, eleven sixteen cells The cells werein connected in possible cells and sixteen cells respectively. respectively. The cells were connected series to have highest voltage output. series to have highest possible voltage output. Table 1. Time of Discharginf of Matured Coconut Water

mature coconut water which was 540Ml cells. For young coconut water the mean ed coconut water the mean voltage output e matured has better potential to use as ectrode dipped as electrolytes longer.

Table 1. Time of Discharginf of Matured Coconut Water

Figure 12. Actual Design of Portable Lamp 9

Figure 13. Voltage Output of Young and Matured Coconut Water 8

Figure 13. Voltage Output of Young and Matured Coconut Water

Comparison of Voltage Output in Terms of Number of Days Stored

The 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL of matured coconut water is capable to light the three watts LED lamp. Also shows that 990mL and 1440mL can power the lamp for more than four hours by comparing the reliability light output, 1440mL was the most reliable to use for continuous usage of four hours.

Discharging Rate of Portable Lamp Powered by

Comparison of Voltage Output in Terms of Number of Days Stored

Matured Coconut Water This discussed the comparisons of voltage output of matured coconut water in terms of number of days This discussed thewas comparisons ofthe voltage output This of matured water rate in terms of number discusses coconut the discharging of portable lamp of coconut stored. When sample Maturedmatured Coconut Water water at different amount of matured coconut water namely: wasdays stored longer, the appearance of the liquid became matured coconut water stored. When the sample stored longer the appearance of the liquid 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the cloudier and form white particle in the surface. The becameused cloudier form white particle intothe result surface. The researchers used 540mLItofshows coconut of the discharging rate of the device. that researchers 540mLand of coconut water equivalent as the amount of matured coconut water increases the six cells and done threeto trials each setdone of sample. water equivalent six to cells and three trials to each set of sample. Storing the matured coconut water for one day the mean discharging rate decreases. It also shows that as the of coconut water increases the capacity of the voltage output 2.71 volts. For three days, Storing thegenerated matured iscoconut water for one day theamount meanalso voltage output generated is 2.71 volts. For battery increases. the mean voltage output is 2.33 volts, and lastly for three the mean seven daysdays, the output is 1.78voltage volts. output is 2.33 volts and lastly for seven days the output is 1.78 volts.

Figure 14. Voltage Ouput vs Number of Days Stored

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VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 45

The 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL of matured coconut water is capable to light the three watts LED Discharging Rate ofthat Portable Lamp Matured Water lamp. Also shows 990mL andPowered 1440mLbycan powerCoconut the lamp for more than four hours bu comparing the reliability light output, 1440mL was the most reliable to use for continuous usage of This discusses the discharging rate of portable lamp at different amount of matured coconut water four hours. namely: 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the result of the discharging rate of the device. It shows that as theLamp amount of matured coconut water increases the discharging rate Discharging Rate of Portable Powered by Matured Coconut Water decreases. It also shows that as the amount of coconut water increases the capacity of the battery This increases. discusses the discharging rate of portable lamp at different amount of matured coconut water also namely: 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the result of the discharging rate of the Tablethat 2. Discharging Rate of Portable Lampincreases at Different device. It shows as the amount of matured coconut water the discharging rate young. Second, the voltage output of portable lamp Table 2. Rateas of the Portable Lamp Different Amount of Matured Coconut Water decreases. It Discharging also shows Amount that amount of at coconut water increases the capacity of the battery of Matured Coconut Water varies with number of days the matured coconut water also increases.

TECHNICAL

stored. The voltage output is inversely proportional with the number of days stored. Thus, freshly cut matured Table 2. Discharging Rate of Portable Lamp at Different Amount of Matured Coconut Water coconut water is more advisable to use for the portable lamp. Third, the time of discharging of the portable lamp is proportional to the amount of matured coconut water. 1440mL of matured coconut water is enough to last the portable lamp for four hours. Fourth, the discharging rate of portable lamp is proportional to the amount of This discusses the replacement electrodes of how of longelectrodes the length of efficiency when used. The This discusses theofreplacement and the matured coconut water. Lastly, the electrodes of the electrodes were deteriorating as it was exposed to redox a white residue length of efficiency when used. Thereaction, electrodes werewere left at the electrodes. This test was done to determine how log the electrodes effectively last for the portable portable lamp can be used more than one month and deteriorating as it was exposed to redox reaction, a lamp. The experiment conducted for one month and observed the changes of voltage output every longer. white the residue were left at the electrodes. This test was This discusses replacement of electrodes of how long the length of efficiency when used. The day. are the recommendations by the proponent: first, electrodes wereto deteriorating as it how was exposed redox reaction, a white residue were left at Here the done determine longtothe electrodes effectively conduct a more comprehensive study in the effects of electrodes. done to determine how logexperiment the electrodes effectively last for the portable last This fortest thewasportable lamp. The was Table 3. One of Voltage lamp. The experiment conducted oneMonth monthTesting and observed theOutput changes of voltage output every redox reaction in coconut water. Second, improve the conducted for onefor month and observed the changes of day. design of the portable lamp for conducive use of the voltage output every day. device. Third, integrate electronics on the design to Table 3. Table One3.Month Testing Voltage Output One Month Testing of of Voltage Output make the portable lamp more efficient and effective. Lastly, develop a design for bigger power system that coconut water can be used.

References Alexia Prades, et.al. 2012. Cocout Water Uses, Composition and Properties: A review. September 2016, from http://www.fruits-journal.org Amanda Staller. April 22, 2016. Earth Day: Electrochemistry and the environment.

September 7, 2016, from http://www.electrochem.org/ redcat-blog/electrochemistry-andtheenvironment DA-AFID. February 24, 2015. DA furthers coco water production to boost coconut industry. September 7, 2016, from http://afmis.da.gov. ph/index.php/home/1-latestnews/ 510-da-furthers-coco-water-production-to-boostcoconut-industry.pdf Jeff Blessing. Wet Cell Battery Lights A Lamp. (February 17, 2015). Retrieved February 2016, from http://www.jeffblessing.com/wet-cell-batterylights-a-lamp/ Philippines Coconut Authority. A Briefing Guide on the Subject: Coconut Industry Production Status, Growing Zones, Productivity and Potential to Increase Nut Supply in Coconut Farms through Practical and Efficient Farming Technologies (peft). September 7,

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2016, from http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/coconutrde/ images/gen8.pdf Philippines News Agency. coconut Water Production

Based on the findings of the study, hereby the conclusion made: first, young coconut water has Pushed to Boost Industry. higher voltage compared with matured coconut water but following matured is better to use because Basedoutput on the findings of the study, the its electrolytes did not easily decompose unlike the for young. Second, the voltage output of conclusions first, young coconut water has outputSeptember 7, 2016, from http://www.mindanaotimes.net/ portable lamp varies withwere numbermade: of days the matured coconut water stored. The voltage is higher voltage output compared withfreshly matured coconut inversely proportional with the number of days stored. Thus, cut matured coconut water coco-water-production-pushedtois more advisable use for the matured portable lamp. the time of discharging of the is water to however, isThird, better to use because itsportable lamp boost-industry/ proportional to the amount of matured coconut water. 1440mL of matured coconut water is enough electrolytes did not easily decompose unlike the for to last the portable lamp for four hours. Fourth, the discharging rate of portable lamp I proportional to the amount of matured coconut water. Lastly, the electrodes of the portable lamp can be use more than one month and longer. Here are by the 2019 proponent: first, conduct a more comprehensive study in the 46the recommendations | VOLUME XLVIII Issue No. 1 effects of redox reaction in coconut water. Second, improve the design of the portable lamp for conducive used of the device. Third, integrate electronics on the design to make the portable lamp more efficient and effective. Lastly, develop a design for bigger power system that coconut water

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