Issue 1 2016 Online

THINGS ELECTRICAL PROFESSIONALS DO AS PH PRESIDENT Volume xlv NO.1 2016

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the philippines, inc.

DESIGN A SUNPOWERED LED LIGHT SYSTEM

WHAT TO EAT IN CAPIZ? SERIOUS WITH ZIKA THE PASSION OF ADDY NOB MIROTE MATTERS OF HEALTHY HEART

SET YOUR

GLOBAL EE CAREER PEC ON OUTDOOR CIRCUITS, FEEDERS

THE

LEADER IN YOU How PEEs, REEs and RMEs can make a difference?

2 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016

IIEE.ORG.PH

PHOTO BY: freepik.com

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the philippines, inc.

"As a leader, PEEs, REEs and RMEs must initiate a good start. EE practitioners are responsible in forseeing the bigger picture which his/her team can work on step by step."

More on page 22.

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9

CONTENTS No. 1 2016

Feedback YOUTH AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Contributor Nelson Coca comments: “… It is indeed had a positive impact on the grassroots level of our community and to the entire nation as well for the Institute uses his technical expertise in the field of electricity in supporting the programs and thrust of the government.”

Ask the EExperts OUTSIDE BRANCH CIRCUITS AND FEEDERS

"As always, a licensed electrical practitioner has to consult the PEC1 for the full context of Code requirements for his particular design or installation," reminds William Yang, chairman of Philippine Electrical Code Committee.

President's Desk

12 LEADING GLOBALLY

“We instituted continuous improvement by reviewing our achievements and services offered purposely to align the Institute’s strategic goals and objectives to international challenges and opportunities and therefore bring its members to the fore of the global recognition,” IIEE 2016 National President Larry Cruz reports.

14

VOLUME XLV

What's News

• 2,618 examinees succeed toughest engineer exams • DPWH goes stricter on permits, building construction • Lineman’s Rodeo livens up Butuan conference • Metro Manila seeks greater heights; reorganizes, reenergizes • Middle East chapters got gov begin 2016 • South Luzon confab kicks-off five star events, venue

Cover Story

22 LEADERS IN ENGINEERS

Ynna Cruz explores the innate leadership in engineers.

“The skills and values gained as an engineer translates well to most of the elements that makes up a leader.

To be such would make an engineer exceptional,” she notes.

Travel

29 THE MAP TO HOME: EAT YOUR WAY IN, EAT YOUR WAY OUT

Mary Therese Encina entices gastronomers, “The best of Roxas City’s seafood restaurants are strategically located at the seaside of Baybay, giving the homey and nostalgic ambiance that would compete with any vacation feels!”

Features

32 MAKE IT HAPPEN, GLOBALLY

“As this implies soaring proportions of highly skilled and educated migrants, engineers would need to prove that they are at par, if not better, than those migrants if they would like to get the job,” writes Ynna Cruz as she returns to discuss the perspective of globalization to the EE profession.

ALONE ABROAD? FIND IIEE

What’s the use of practicing the profession of compassion if you can find the nurturing versions of the Institute in foreign soil. A quick look on our most active chapters overseas.

ABOUT THE COVER

I N T E G R I T Y. I N N O V A T I O N . E M P O W E R M E N T. E X C E L L E N C E .

2016 THEME

S O A R I N G H I G H T O WA R D S G L O B A L I Z AT I O N

MEET THE TEAM

T H E E L E C T R I CA L E N G I N E E R E D I T O R I A L B OA R D EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ASSOCIATE EDITOR TECHNICAL EDITOR ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER

KRISTIAN CARLO B. VICTORIO MARVIN H. CASEDA ALLAN C. NERVES RAMON P. AYATON

E D I T O R I A L S TA F F EDITORIAL ASSISTANT/LAYOUT CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATORS CONTRIBUTING GRAPHICS

GELYN O. LEE YNNA MARIE CRUZ MARY THERESE ENCINA LORENZ ESTOY NOEL LINSANGAN JESUS MARTINEZ JR. MICHAEL PACIS KIM PEPITO VINCENT BRYAN VELEZ ALLAN SALEH DE VERA JUSTINBERG BANTIGUE

P U B L I CAT I O N S C O M M I T T E E CHAIRMAN VICE CHAIRMAN MEMBERS

OVERSEER

KRISTIAN CARLO B. VICTORIO RONALD VINCENT M. SANTIAGO MARVIN H. CASEDA SHERWIN I. DELA PAZ ALLAN C. NERVES MA. CRISTINA F. SANDOVAL VICTORIANO J. SANTOS ERLINDO C. TACNENG JR. NOEL T. FERNANDEZ

A DV E R T I S I N G A N D M A R K E T I N G MARKETING SUPPORT

APPLE JUNE P. UBAY-UBAY

2 0 1 6 I I E E B OA R D O F G OV E R N O R S NATIONAL PRESIDENT VP-INTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-EXTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-TECHNICAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECRETARY NATIONAL TREASURER NATIONAL AUDITOR GOVERNOR-NORTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-CENTRAL LUZON GOVERNOR-METRO MANILA GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-BICOL GOVERNOR-WESTERN VISAYAS GOVERNOR-EASTERN/CENTRAL VISAYAS GOVERNOR-NORTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-WESTERN MINDANAO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

LARRY C. CRUZ JOEBE B. PANHILASON FLORIGO C. VARONA NOEL T. FERNANDEZ ANGEL V. DE VERA JR. CIRILO C. CALIBJO FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL MELCHOR S. LICOBEN NELSON S. ANDRES LYNDON R. BAGUE JEDDPER N. DE CASTRO ALWIN M. LUNAS DON D. BATICADOS WILFREDO P. CANIZARES DARWIN T. DAYMIEL MARY ANN M. BANTAYAN MARLI P. ACOSTA DE-FIESTA RAMON P. AYATON MARJORIE AGUINALDO-MUÑOZ

I I E E N AT I O N A L S E C R E TA R I AT D E PA R T M E N T H E A D S ADMINISTRATIVE TECHNICAL MARKETING MEMBERSHIP FINANCE

MA. ELENA U. LIONGSON MARY ANN B. GUILLEN ALLEN M. PIDO ALMA C. LARCE EMEE F. SULIT

The Electrical Engineer is published quarterly by the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business office at #41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines.

Tel Nos. (632) 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 721-6442 & 410-1899.

Website: www.iiee.org.ph; E-mail: eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.

For an e-copy, you may visit our website, www.iiee.org.ph The present circulation of the magazine is 35,000 copies per issue to members and industry stakeholders.

Even though being an engineer and a leader are different from each other, their principles apply to each other. So how does an engineer make a good leader? How does a leader become a good engineer? There is no perfect formula to be a good engineer, so does a good leader.

Like the man in the cover, an engineer as leader, or a leader as engineer, is a patchwork – collection of traits, experiences, skills, and expertise – making him (or her) more suitable, preferable to effect decisions, drive people to work, set the standard, and make a difference. These patchwork is a work-inprogress, obtained in the early years of study and professional work. No one knows, even the engineer, when to stop.

So never stop dreaming, never stop learning.

In one way or another, the engineer will need this in leading a team or community, or even his own life.

COVER ART: JUSTINBERG F. BANTIGUE V O L U M E X LV NO. 1 2016

MISSION • To enhance the competencies of electrical practitioners to make positive contribution towards new trends and technologies • To be an authority of electrical engineering services that results to safe, reliable and efficient systems • To consistently deliver high quality products and services duly recognized by international organizations and institutions • To promote awareness on the use of environmentally friendly electrical products, services and resources as well as active participation on disaster preparedness and recovery programs VISION To be the leading electrical professional organization globally The views and opinions expressed by the contributors of The Electrical Engineer magazine do not necessarily reflect the views the editors and publishers of the magazine or of Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). IIEE and the editorial board carry no responsibility for the opinions expressed in the magazine.

Articles or visual materials may not be reproduced without written consent from the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to accept, edit, or refuse submitted materials for publication.

Features

Health

35 THE DANGERS OF ZIKA

Vincent Bryan Velez informs why the relative disease of dengue and Chinkungunya must be taken seriously, especially for pregnant women. “It is frightening, yes.

Now that a looming danger is on the loose, our best chance lies only between knowing a thing or nothing at all,” he concludes.

38 KNOW IT BY HEART

“No matter what your age is,” Vincent Brian Velez tells, “everyone can benefit from a healthy diet and adequate physical activity,” in this age-appropriate do’s and don’ts in keeping the body’s most important muscle health and pumping.

EE Woman

39 LOVE FOR WORK

Addy Nob Mirote narrates how her passion working in the dessert’s oasis is like sink or swim, and how she learn to swim very fast with the help of engineer-lifeguards.

Technical

41 DESIGN OF A SOLAR POWERED LED LIGHTING SYSTEM USING THE DUAL AXIS TRACKING SYSTEM

36

“This is a standalone lighting system that gets power from the sun by using a solar module during daytime.

It has automatic switching and dimmer photosensor that operates when there is no light from the sun detected,” describe by Michael Pacis, Jesus Martinez, Noel Linsangan, Kim Pepito, and Lorenz Estoy of Mapua Institute of the Philippines, Manila.

Feature #KUNGAKOANGMAGIGINGPRESIDENTE What will our members do when they occupy the most coveted office in Malacañan? Read their answers and get ready to imagine.

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THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER TARGETED AUDIENCE

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REACH "HIGH VALUE CUSTOMERS"

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER readers are educated, technically-skilled, and have higher purchasing power. Likewise, the THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER delivers to you the hard-to-reach and influential opinion leaders in its field.

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The active, involving process of reading ensures focus on and understanding of your company's brand message. Reading requires total concentration, leading to better recall of your ad messages.

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TELL THE ENTIRE BRAND STORY

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER allows in-depth, detailed communication of your brand story. Your brand benefits are spelled out in greater detail, creating more ways to connect with your target.

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INFORMATIVE MEDIUM

Given its niche position, THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER significantly influences purchase behavior early in the decision-making process giving its readers ideas to buy your product, more so than newspapers or TV.

BUILD RELATIONSHIPS

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER is a very personal media. The powerful intimacy rubs off onto your advertising, awarding it an authority and trustworthiness. As such, there is a positive effect on the perception and absorption of your advertisement.

A LASTING MESSAGE

Many electrical engineers clip, mark and save your advertisements for future reference. Such ad clippings or markings provide lasting and durable messages with time to study your brand's benefits.

FLEXIBILITY

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER provides opportunities for inserts, supplements, advertorials and a variety of size and positioning options to meet your specific marketing and creative needs.

5 10 After reading your ad, targeted consumers are motivated GENERATES RESPONSE AND DRIVES SALES

to shop for and purchase your products (or services), call your company hotline, or go to your website. Response is immediate.

FEEDBACK

YOUTH AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Volume xliv 2nd quarter 2015

Hurray!

IIEE is PH's Most Outstanding Professional Org

HOW TO LOVE DAVAO?

LET YOURSELF COUNT THE WAYS

+

CRISIS, NO PROBLEM

PLU S

MEET DOST USEC GEV

IIEE AT 40

SPECIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM SERVICE

HOW IS IT WORKING WITH EEs?

A

t this digital age, electricity has become man’s best friend since almost all of his activities involve electricity. But despite of its being beneficial to human, it also poses danger such that it can also become his worst enemy. It can damage or even loss human’s property and worst his life in an instant. Indeed, electricity respects no one.

SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

CIRKITO

&

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Old Stories, Same Advocacy, New Battle Gears

2nd Quarter.indd 1

9/10/15 5:34 PM

EE Humor

This sad scenario can be prevented should everyone from young to old practices electrical safety. The Presidential Proclamation No. 193 was indeed a big leap for Filipinos in the arena of electrical safety since it creates national awareness in dealing with electricity.

The annual parades, motorcades, and marathons among others that were being conducted on the month of May during the Electrical Safety month celebration by the different chapters of IIEE has made electrical safety at a center stage for the public to be aware of it.

But Filipinos tend to be forgetful about electrical safety. And how did the Institute face this reality? The IIEE manual entitled Electrical Safety At Home, School, Office, and Workplace that was released by the Institute had somewhat address the situation.

More Gift Ideas What to give your favorite electrical engineer for his birthday?

Banking on the passage at Proverbs 22:6, “Train a boy in the way he should go; even when he grows old he will not depart from it.” Electrical safety can be permanently etched in the hearts of every Filipino if they had already learned

and practice it in the early part of their lives. Schools are great avenue for this endeavor. The Institute with its different chapters in the country may conduct annual lectures, information drive, training and drills about electrical safety to elementary and secondary students both in the public and private schools around the country. By this, Filipinos will be given accurate knowledge and training about electrical safety at the early stage of their lives. In this way, electrical safety will become an integral part of their lifestyle and culture.

The Institute had always been supportive to the programs of the Department of Education especially during its Brigada Eskwela. The local chapters of the Institute are always involved during this special event of the Department as reported in this magazine. And it is indeed had a positive impact on the grassroots level of our community and to the entire nation as well for the Institute uses his technical expertise in the field of electricity in supporting the programs and thrust of the government.

The Institute, with its Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA) committee and the Department of Education (DepEd) can serve as a catalyst of change in the Filipino culture when it comes to Electrical Safety. And it is but right to start to the hope of our Fatherland, the youth.

Nelson G. Coca IIEE Lifetime RME-19909 Electricity Teacher Gattaran National Trade School Gattaran, Cagayan

Shorts.

Some people are so good in making other people look bad. That is not a gift.

That is a sickness. Strong people bring out the best in others. Weak people build themselves up at the expense of others. So be strong and do not be weak. –Francis Kong

ATTENTION READERS We welcome your ideas, questions, and feedbacks regrading our previous issues. The Electrical Engineer reserves the right to edit articles for the sake of clarity, grammar, and brevity.

Contributors of feature articles, technical papers and photographs will receive special token from The Electrical Engineer. Send your feedbacks and contributions to eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.

6 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016

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ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND THE POWER GRID TECHNICAL

elecTric Vehicles and The poWer grid: scenarios in The philippines Edwin B. Cano, PEE ebcano@gmail.com

Abstract— Electric vehicles as supported by the Philippine government are envisioned to provide transportation services may likewise have an impact on the current electric power distribution and transmission systems. These electric vehicles will add new demand to the power grid when charging after a day of routine service. This paper examines the power loading of electric vehicles manufactured or envisioned in the Philippines and their impact on distribution transformers. The paper also discusses the potential benefits of electric vehicles when utilized as ancillary services to provide support for grid security and reliability, and strategies on E-Trike charging considering of technical and economic operation in view of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM).

Index Terms-- Electric vehicles, loading impact, distribution transformers, Philippine power industry.

I.

Introduction

I

t is interesting that while the united States and other parts of the world are looking into the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the existing electric grid infrastructure, the Philippines is producing its own electric vehicles.

Reference [5] is a company website detailing most of these products. From E-Jeepney, electric motorcycles and electric tricycles (E-Trikes) or electric taxicles, these electric vehicles are currently utilized for transportation.

Though IEEE literature has investigated the impact of EVs on distribution transformer loading [13], Philippine electric utility vehicles (PHuVs), shown in Figure 1, are very different from the studied EVs. No literature has studied the local and global effects of PHuVs or E-Trikes on the Philippine electric power systems.

Fig. 4. Residential load curve with 2 PHuVs charging.

Fig. 3. Residential load curve with 1 PHuV charging.

II. Local Loading Impacts of PHUV

Fig. 1. PHuV Electric Jeepney [5].

Table 1. E-Trikes kW loading. # of E-Trike

kW

1

4.93

2 3 4

9.86 14.79 19.73

5

24.66

100,000

493,000

A. PHuV Normally, a distribution transformer serves about five to ten households. A typical load curve is provided in Figure 2, taken from reference [4]. The load curve is given in MW and was scaled down to kW. The figure also includes capacities of a 25 kVA and a 37.5 kVA distribution transformers. In the figure, neither of the distribution transformer is overloaded.

From [5], the PHuV Electric Jeepney charging process is provided:

Checking the values here: 1.8 MWh divided by 365 days, an E-Trike will take 4.93 kWh. Table 1 is a table for the kW loading of E-Trike(s). Note that 100,000 E-Trikes is even above the capacity of the 480 MW Quezon Power plant.

This paper presents the local loading impacts of various PHuVs and some prospective global impacts of PHuVs to the Philippine power industry.

"PHuV batteries amp hour capacity rating is 220 amp hrs. Since they have a 72 volt system, they have 12 pieces of 6 volt deep cycle batteries That's 16000 watt hours or 16 kilowatt hours at P8 per kwH (distribution rate with all the side charges) is equal to P80 per 4-5 hour full charge."

To check the calculation, P = V x I (P = 72 x 220 = 15,840 watts). Converting it to kW, P = 15.84 kW which is fully charged for 5 hours. Note that 15.84 kW is above half of a 25 kVA transformer capacity and about 42% loading of a 37.5 kVA transformer.

The partnership of doE and AdB envisions having 100,000 E-Trikes between now and 2017 [6].

Each E-Trike will have about 3 kW to 5 kW electric power usage and are scheduled to be charging for about 45 minutes to 1 hour.

A study by doE in collaboration with united Nations [7] indicated that one E-Trike will consume 1.8 MWh in one year.

30 | VOLUME XLIV 3rd QUARTER 2015

R

Fig. 5. Philippine E-Trike [5].

Assuming that the PHuV is utilized for public transport from 8am to 5pm, to integrate the PHuV into the load curve above, three scheduling scenarios are studied: (1) charge the PHuV from 6 pm to 11 pm, (2) charge the PHuV from 1 am to 6 am, and (3) charge the PHuV from 11 pm to 4 am.

Figure 3 shows the load curve with an additional one PHuV considering the three charging scenarios cited above. From the figure, a 25 kVA transformer will overload for charging scenario (1) and will be heavily loaded for the other scenarios.

Figure 4 shows the load curve with an additional two PHuVs considering the three charging scenarios cited above. From the figure, a 25 kVA transformer will be heavily overloaded for all charging schedule scenarios and even the 37.5 kVA distribution transformer will overload for all charging scenarios.

B. E-Trikes Several scenarios of charging time and number of E-Trikes, shown in Figure 6, are presented using a 4.93 kW charging power per E-Trike. Figure 6 presents the connection of one E-Trike during three separate hours in the evening versus a 25 kVA distribution transformer.

Fig. 2. Typical residential load curve.

IIEE.ORG.PH

IIEE.ORG.PH

VOLUME XLIV 3rd QUARTER 2015 | 31

egarding the above subject featured in the IIEE Magazine, 3rd Qtr 2015, I noticed the following points which I wish to clarify:

1. You mentioned that one(1) E-Trike consumes 1.8MWh in one year and when divided by 365 days will give you the equivalent 24hr energy consumption of 4.93kwh. In your table 1, you noted it as the kw rating of 1 E-trike which is not correct as this is derived from the kwh consumption for one year. The value of 4.93 would be the electrical energy consumption per day, in kwh and this I assume is the electrical energy consumption of one E-Trike when charging the batteries. If we assume that the charging time of the batteries is 5 hours to be fully charged, then the kw demand load of the charger for one E-Trike would be equal to 4.93kwh/5hrs = 0.986kw. To check, 0.986 kw x 5 hrs/ day = 4.93 kwh energy consumption per day. It is only during charging of the batteries that th E-Trikes consume Electrical Energy from the GRID. Hence 0.986 kw is the input kw load of each charger of 1 E-Trike. So for 100,000 units, the total kilowatt load for the chargers is 98,600 KW or 98.6 MW. 2. The 480MW Quezon Power Plant if operating at 80% capacity(384kw) would generate a kilowatt hour energy of 384,000kw x 24 hrs = 9,216,000 kwh/day which is much greater than the energy requirement for charging the 100,000 E-Trikes for one day which is 493,000 kwh. Again you have equated KWH TO KW. Rather, the total kw load of the chargers would be 0.986kw x 100,000 = 98,600kw or 98.6 MW which is only 26 % of the 384 MW running capacity of the Quezon Power Plant (assuming we charge the 100,000 units at the same time).

3. With regards to the 12-6v 220AH batteries, assuming that recharging is done when the batteries is 75% discharged, you have to charged back to the batteries 220AH x o.75 X 1.4 = 231AH(losses of 40 % when charging should be considered) FOR THE BATTERY TO BE FULLY CHARGED. Hence for 5 hours charging, assuming constant current charge for simplicity, the charging current would be308/5 = 46.2A. So that 46.2A x 5hrs = 231AH.

Charging voltage for 12-6v batteries in series would be about 72 x 1.2 = 86.4 volts d.c. Power input at 80% efficiency of charger = 86.4 x 46.2/0.8 = 4,989.6 W or 5.0KW. The Energy consumption for charging one-Trike set of batteries is therefore equal to 5.0kw x 5hrs = 25 KWH. This means that for a 220AH, C/4 rated battery, you consume 25 kwh to fully charge the battery. Again, I would like to point that you only need 5.0 kw power input to charge the batteries for 5 hours. At 80% power factor of the charger, the kva rating of your charger is 6.25kva or 25% load of a 25kva transformer.

Please feel free to comment on my observations.

Thank you.

Urbano S. Allado IIEE ID NO. 21262

T

his is a correction-addendum to the article “Electric Vehicles and the Power Grid Scenarios in the Philippines”, IIEE Electrical Engineer Magazine Volume XLIV 3rd quarter 2015, pages 30-34.

The calculations shown in page 31: ” To check the calculation, P = V x I (P = 72 x 220 = 15,840 watts). Converting it to kW, P = 15.84 kW which is fully charged for 5 hours. Note that 15.84 kW is above half of a 25 kVA transformer capacity and about 42% loading a 37.5 kVA transformer.”

The calculated 15.84 kW is for 1 hour, it’s not for five hours [C]. The 220 Ah rate for the battery charging for five hours will yield 3.168 kW (15.84 divided by 5).

The following figures are corrections for figures 3 and 4 on page 31 of the article. As provided in the corrected figures, the transformer whether rated 25 kVA or 37.5 kVA will not be overloaded.

Figure C3. Corrected Residential load curve with 1 PHUV charging

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VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 7

FEEDBACK

Figure C4. Corrected Residential load curve with 2 PHUV charging

Figure A2. Added Residential load curve with 1 PHUV charging for 1 hour If there are two PHUVs served by a residential transformer being charge at rated 220 Ah for one hour, the following figure applies. Figure A3 with 2 PHUV shows that there may be overloading impact for evening hours charging if the transformer serving the residential load is rated 25 kVA or 37.5 kVA.

Addendum If there are five PHUVs served by a residential transformer being charge at rated 220 Ah for five hours, the following Figure A1 applies. The figure presents that with 5 PHUV shows that there may be overloading impact for evening hours charging if the transformer serving the residential load is rated at 25 kVA while there is no overloading impact for a transformer rated 37.5 kVA.

Figure A3. Added Residential load curve with 2 PHUV charging for 1 hour

T

he interest and discussions from Mr. Urbano Allado are much appreciated. His articulation of his inquiries is very well presented.

Figure A1. Added Residential load curve with 5 PHUV charging If there is only one PHUV served by a residential transformer being charge at rated 220 Ah for one hour, the following figure applies. Figure A2 with 1 PHUV shows that there may be overloading impact for evening hours charging if the transformer serving the residential load is rated at 25 kVA while there is no overloading impact for a transformer rated 37.5 kVA.

1. The values presented in Table 1 of the article assumed that the E-Trike(s) are charged for one (1) hour not five (5) hours. In this case, the 4.93 kW consumed by 1 E-Trike for 1 hour is correct.

2. The article did not consider capacity factor of Quezon power plant. Please refer to response #1 for the other discussions.

3. The article did not assume charging/re-charging percentage, power factor and efficiency of charger(s).

These factors may need to be considered in a further study.

Again, the author would like to express his thanks to Mr. Allado for his examination of the article.

Edwin B. Cano

8 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016

IIEE.ORG.PH

Ask the EExperts

BURNT EXHAUST WITH CONTINUITY Taken from Registered Master Electricians Facebook Group

John Keenan F. Martirez

ANO PO KAYA NAGING POSSIBLE CAUSE NITO? Naginstall ng 5 HP induction motor for exhaust system. Nasunog yung motor and then may isa pang nakakagulat, biglang nagkaroon ng continuity ang power supply. 230 V, 3 phase, pero nung ni-rewire naman, we found out that they has 3 juction box pero wala namang mga tama ng sunog or something suspicious matter. Ang matindi pa, Line 1 Line 2 Line 3, lahat po may continuity pati ground. Ngayon ko lang naencounter after 3 years practicing my profession. Di naman din sunog ang controls. Ano po kaya ito? Derated na kaya ang wire? Someone help me pls.

ANSWERS “Baka po may moisture yung hinihigop niyang hangin…”

–Alvin Kenedy Lozo Bituin “Thanks bro, posible din kasi ang moisture. Kasi ang mga conduit niyan ay nasa hood lang din mismo ng exhaust duct.”

-John Keenan F. Martirez “Yes Sir, mag iba kayo ng motor diyan… yung may IP 65 or 66 yata.”

–Alvin Kenedy Lozo Bituin “Baka naka kasa po yung nasirang motor?”

–Generoso Cuevas Francisco Jr.

“Binago ko po lahat ng starter control. Sira po ang overload at contactor baka naapektuhan siya nung nag high current ang motor the same time nirewire ko po yun between breaker ng exhaust to 3rd junction box. Kasi may line to line fault talaga siya. Salamat po sa inyong lahat.”

-John Keenan F. Martirez “Job well done. Nice.”

–Alvin Kenedy Lozo Bituin

PEC1 2009 ARTICLE 2.25

OUTSIDE BRANCH CIRCUITS AND FEEDERS WORDS: William Yang, Chairman, PEC Committee

P

EEs, REEs, and RMEs are well aware that several buildings in a compound can be served by more than one set of service-entrance conductors. Depending on the circumstances, each building can be served by its own service-entrance conductors connected to the utility company’s service drop or lateral, or by its own service-entrance conductors tapped from a common or main serviceentrance conductors, which in turn, are connected to the utility company’s service drop or lateral. The PEC1 permits these arrangements under Section 2.30.4.1 Exceptions 1, 2 and 3.

However, there are occasions when it can be more desirable to have other buildings in one compound supplied with power from a building in the same compound which is already serviced by the utility company. Such situations can arise when, upon construction, buildings in the compound are owned and managed by one person or entity. Other situations can exist when additional buildings are constructed in an existing compound with one or more buildings. In either case, considerations on savings on installation and metering costs dictate the decision.

Then, what are the Code considerations for electrical designs and installations like these? The PEC1 2009 Article 2.25 – Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders is the primary reference used. This article not only discusses connections between buildings but also connections between buildings (as the power source) and outdoor electrical equipment such as lighting structures (poles) and water pumps. Other articles that apply to specific installations are presented in Table 2.25.1.2.

With this, PEC Committee discusses the requirements of Part 2.25.2 – More than One Building or Other Structure, as our concern is supplying power to other buildings and outdoor structures in one compound other than by providing separate service-entrance conductors for these. Section 2.25.2.1 permits only one branch circuit or feeder from the load side of the service disconnecting means of the building from where the power comes from. Note that this section also states “under single management”. This is to ensure that there is a responsible person who will undertake the maintenance and replacement of any wiring and equipment that need attention. (Note: There are exceptions to the “one branch circuit or feeder” requirement which are similar to those for Article 2.30 - Services.)

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VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 9

Ask the EExperts

It is noteworthy that the requirements of this article for outside branch circuits and feeders are very similar, though not exactly, to Article 2.30 – Services of PEC1 2009 with respect to disconnecting means, as follows: 1. There shall be a disconnecting means for all ungrounded conductors that supply the (other) building or structure (Section 2.25.2.2).

2. The disconnecting means shall be located inside or outside the building or structure served (Section 2.25.2.3). Outside means a location on the outside wall of the building or outside at a location not too distant and visible (within sight) from it.

3. The disconnecting means shall be in a readily accessible location. When located inside the building served, it shall be at the point nearest where the branch circuit or feeder enters the building. The Code does not define what is meant by “nearest” but as a guide, not more than 15 meters from the point of entry or as dictated by the Authority-Having-Jurisdiction (AHJ). The definition of when conductors are considered outside a building is in Section 2.30.1.6 under Article 2.30 – Services. When supplying a multi-occupancy building, each occupant shall have access to his disconnecting means. However, if the building is under one management, the disconnecting means are permitted to be accessible to maintenance personnel only.

4. Section 2.25.2.3 on the location of disconnecting means also mentions branch circuits and feeders that pass through a building (i.e those that serves loads not supplied from the building). These shall likewise be provided with disconnecting means at

a location inside or outside the building through which these pass and grouped together with the disconnecting means of the branch circuit or feeder for the building served. This is in keeping with the general Code requirement that the disconnecting means shall be grouped together in one location.

5. The disconnecting means can be located elsewhere in the compound – distant from the building or structure served – only as stated under Exceptions 1 to 4 of Section 2.25.2.3.

6. There can be no more than six disconnecting means for each feeder or branch circuit grouped in one location. Should there be a need for more than six disconnecting means, a main disconnecting means shall be installed ahead of the multiple disconnecting means.

7. Disconnecting means shall be suitable for use as service equipment.

Finally, except for disconnecting means, there is no Code requirement for corresponding overcurrent protection for outside branch circuits and feeders at the buildings and structures themselves, since these are already protected at their source. However, one must consider Section 2.25.2.11 - Access to Overcurrent Protective Devices, for instances where overcurrent devices will be required. Likewise, tap rules in Sections 2.40.2.2(b1) and (b2) must also be considered to determine if overcurrent protective devices are needed.

As always, a licensed electrical practitioner has to consult the PEC1 for the full context of Code requirements for his particular design or installation.

PHOTO COURTESY: Mike Holt Enterprises, Inc. 2008 NEC

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FROMTHEEDITOR

THE LEADER IN US

Leadership is such a big word to many. Form a team, ask them to choose their leader and surely they will point fingers to the one that is most reluctant to lead. Others wants to be the leader to reap the benefits and rewards. Whether we like it or not, leadership is a calling that we cannot escape. If we cannot be leaders in work, surely, some way, somehow, we will take the front line to steer our family, or our own life.

Long long time ago, I wrote an essay for my Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines entry (that I didn’t pushed through) about my leadership beliefs and qualities. I once penned, “They say leaders are born, not made. I say that leaders are born to serve and made to be tested.”

Now, I realized that leaders arise after serving great and being tough tested. Good leaders are good servant first, willing to give all of their heart and soul in their chosen work. They are not necessary excellent, for leader’s greatest wisdom comes when they failed. These are few of my discoveries while taking lead roles once in a while.

Leadership and leaders are hard and hot topic this days, considering that we are about to have leadership transition as you are reading this. Whichever you voted for, whichever wins this race, we have a work to continue, country to build, life to go on. What is important is that we rally behind our new managers, people we are looking up to, critiquing their decisions and actions, policing their public stances, applauding for their achievements and accomplishments.

I wonder what if EE practitioners are the top leaders of this country – writing laws of the land, executing them, managing resource and manpower. Or better yet, put back our PEEs, REEs, and RMEs as company leads. How do we make the difference? How do we behave as models? How do we decide as technical people? How do we inspire others to know the way, show the way, and leads the way?

These and many more are the questions we are trying to answer in our cover story Leaders in Engineers. You may also find the amusing and engaging responses of our fellow professionals given a chance to take helm in the most coveted office in the Malacañan, with the feature #KungAkoAngMagigingPresidente.

Where ever reading this issue may lead you, may you find yourself more ready to take the lead and make a difference.

After all, EE is a profession of compassion, and we definitely prepared 48 pages of inspiration for you to find out.

Kaycee kayceebvictorioofficial iieephils

IIEE.ORG.PH

Ynna Cruz usually deals with computers but she is also a bookworm, a foodee and a wanderer. She also edit videos and write songs. Ynna absolutely loves Earl Grey. Nothing can go wrong with a good cup of Earl.

Mary Therese Encina is a student journalist who enjoys watching a lot of movies, singing, reading and capturing moments.

Vincent Bryan Velez, incumbent Editor-in-Chief of The Engineering Spectrum, is currently taking BS Civil Engineering yet still chasing his dream as a journalist.

Allan Saleh De Vera is part of the City Planning Office of the Quezon City Local Government Unit. He hails from the family of artists from Antipolo, does 3D street art and shows his love of nature through biking.

A graduate of electrical engineering at PUP-Manila, Justin Bantigue often considers his lay-out skills as a 'curse'.

Michael Pacis is a full time Faculty and part time researcher at Mapua Institute of Technology.

Michael works with Lorenz Estoy, Noel Linsangan, Jesus Martinez Jr. and Kim Pepito in the technical article on this issue.

VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 11

PRESIDENT'S DESK

LEADING GLOBALLY

B

ehind the backdrop of globalization and ASEAN Integration, the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers, Inc. (IIEE) is now ready to take aggressive directions and advocate reforms leading its members to the forefront power concerns and development and global technological trends and innovation.

marked the highest number of new members exceeding the target of 60 for this year.

The Institute aspires to produce globally competitive electrical professionals; therefore it is committed to ensure professional advancement among its members practicing in both local and international arena to ultimately stand out among its equals and surpass challenges brought by globalization.

CORPORATE BRANDING The Institute keeps on developing and sustaining corporate brand, enhancing regulatory influence, developing pool of subject matter experts of resource persons which will bring us to the fore of thought leadership.

While it’s true that IIEE has already made an indelible mark in the profession and in the industry for the past forty years, we instituted continuous improvement by reviewing our achievements and services offered purposely to align the Institute’s strategic goals and objectives to international challenges and opportunities and therefore bring its members to the fore of the global recognition.

Looking forward to become an authority of electrical engineering services, the Institute initiated a courtesy visit to the following government agencies: • Energy Regulation Commission with Hon. Jose Vicente B. Salazar, Chairman last March 3, 2016; and • Philippine Electricity Market Corporation with Hon. Melinda L. Ocampo, President last April 6, 2016.

Bannered by the Institute’s medium-term strategic plan or the Vision 2020, this year’s leadership is guided by the following key themes: FINANCIAL GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY The Institute gears in optimizing resources, expanding revenue opportunities and continuously develops effective financial planning and control.

Amidst financial issues and further improvement of records, our Institute continues to engage the services of a topnotch auditing firm, Punongbayan & Araullo for the preparation and audit of our 2015 financial statement.

While we still have few months to realize our target revenue, the leadership is hopeful that we will reach our target surplus for the year.

MEMBERSHIP ENGAGEMENT & SATISFACTION IIEE is committed in enhancing membership programs, utilizing technology as enablers, advocating members to become PEE and harnessing chapter talents.

Our membership strength is now at 44,143 active members equivalent to 16.94% growth as compared to March 2015.

Likewise, there is a significant growth in the number of Professional Electrical Engineer with 73 new members equivalent to 66.36% against the target. While the Institute continuously promotes the membership of electrical practitioners to ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineer and ASEAN Engineer Registry, the first quarter

Moreover, the Membership and Chapter Development Committee prioritizes the continuous enhancement of the membership’s online portal to increase convenience and effectiveness of its service to the members.

Before the second quarter of this year ends, we also expect to have a courtesy visit in PRC, CHED and DOE. OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE & PROCESS INNOVATION IIEE keeps on improving operational effectiveness, establishing people program, creating new products and services and instituting continuous process improvement.

Considering the relevance of aligning the Institute’s objectives globalization and giving emphasis in advancing its members technical competencies leading towards global aspiration, an annual planning participated by IIEE Executive Committee together with the Council of National Presidents, Committee Chairmen, National Secretariat was held last January 9, 2016 at Microtel UP-Technohub, Diliman Quezon City.

The annual planning is conducted to purposely revisit IIEE’s achievements of the previous leadership and successfully formulated the new vision and mission that will lead the Institute on its future endeavors which was approved by the 2016 Board of Governors during its meeting last January 23, 2016 at First Pacific Leadership Academy, Antipolo City.

Vision: To be the leading electrical professional organization globally Mission: • To enhance the competencies of electrical practitioners to make positive contribution towards new trends and technologies

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National President LARRY C. CRUZ

• • •

To be an authority of electrical engineering services that results to safe, reliable and efficient systems To consistently deliver high quality products and services duly recognized by international organizations and institutions To promote awareness on the use of environmentally friendly electrical products, services and resources as well as active participation on disaster preparedness and recovery programs

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT & ADVOCACY The Institute is expanding local and international linkages, enhancing advocacy initiatives and establishing opinion process.

With the primary purpose of making positive contribution to the industry and national development, IIEE supports the following programs and advocacies: • EU-ASEAN SHINE Project - aims to increase the market share of higher efficient air-conditioner in ASEAN through harmonization of test methods and energy efficiency standards, adoption of common Minimum Energy Performance Standards, and changing consumer purchasing attitudes in favor of energy-efficient air-conditioners.

To increase the awareness and appreciation of members and electrical practitioners, the Project Manager, Engr.

Arthur A. Lopez conducted technical presentations in the recently concluded regional conferences: 17th Southern Luzon Regional Conference last March 11-

12, 2016 at The Belleveu Manila, Alabang Muntinlupa, 20th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference last April 8-9, 2016 at Almont Inland Resort, Butuan City and 18th Western Visayas Regional Conference last April 29-30, 2016 at Kapis Mansions, Roxas City Capiz.

•

Switch Asia Project: High Efficiency Motors (HEMS) – aims to increase the deployment of more efficient electric motors and drive systems in the Philippine industries.

During the first quarter of this year, HEMS conducted various activities as follows: • High Efficiency Motors Energy Service Company Outsourcing Development Seminar Series held last March 1-4, 2016 at Microtel Annapolis, Quezon City.

• Investment Grade Audit last March 7-12, 2016 at Central Azucarera Dela Carlota Inc., Negros Occidental.

• Finance Institution Training & Seminar last April 4-5, 2016 at Landbank Malate.

Likewise, the project was presented to the delegates of the regional conferences.

• Electrical Safety Enforcement & Awareness (ESEA) aims to enhance the enforcement of the Philippine Electrical Code to ensure electrical safety in residential buildings, improve electrical inspector’s knowledge and skills and increase public awareness towards electrical safety.

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VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 13

PRESIDENT'S DESK The committee successfully conducted the following activities: • Conducted “Training the Inspectors Program” in Tacloban City last February 20, 2016 • Participated in Bureau of Fire Protection’s kick off activity (unity walk) for the celebration of Fire Prevention Month at Quezon City Memorial Circle, Quezon City last March 01, 2016 • Oplan Dagitab – supports government’s programs on electrification, power restoration during calamities and public school opening readiness thru Brigada Eskwela. With the aim of cultivating volunteerism among members and chapters, a committee was created to oversee and provide guidelines for more effective implementation of the program. Oplan Dagitab was officially launched last April 23, 2016 through simultaneous activities of chapters nationwide.

Paving our way to Vision 2020, the Institute upholds various activities and continuously supporting its valued partners’ endeavors: • Philippine Technological Council’s Regular Board Meeting which was held last January 14, 2016, February 11, 2016, March 13, 2016 and April 14, 2016.

• Participated in PRC-PAPRB Link-Up Party held last

•

March 19, 2016 at PRC Main Office, Morayta Manila 3E XPO 2016 Launching last March 9, 2016 at SMX Convention Center, Pasay City which was attended

by IIEE’s valued exhibitors and sponsors.

Likewise IIEE brings global and professional challenges in the forefront of its members and electrical practitioners by holding the following regional conferences: • 17th Southern Luzon Regional Conference held last March 11-12, 2016 at The Belleveu Manila and was graced by 264 delegates composed of electrical practitioners and students in the region and nearby places.

• 20th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference held last April 8-9, 2016 at Almont Inland Resort, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte which was attended by 254 electrical practitioners.

• 18th Western Visayas Regional Conference held last April 29-30, 2016 at Kapis Mansions, Roxas City, Capiz which was participated by 153 electrical practitioners.

With few months to realize our targets, we are hopeful that this year’s leadership will create significant results leading towards the achievement of our goals and revenues.

WHAT'S THE NEWS METRO MANILA SEEKS GREATER HEIGHTS; REORGANIZES, REENERGIZES The IIEE Metro Manila Region (MMR) has reorganized to further reach its members in the National Capital Region, energizing participation and information dissemination, January 30.

In 2015, MMR has been organized members to group according to their professional involvement: include Academe, Power Systems, Commercial/Industrial/ Maintenance, Contractor/Designer/ Consultancy, Government Services, Manufacturing/Supplier and Telecoms and other utility companies.

This year, MMR divided the region into five areas such as Metro North composed of Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela; Metro South included Parañaque, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, and Pasay; Metro East composed of Marikina, Pasig and Rizal; Metro West is

Manila, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Taguig, Makati and Pateros; and Metro Central is Quezon City.

MMR’s new structure has proven to be effective in delivering services to members and stakeholders in the region.

The Metro East Serye of Barangay Electrical Safety Orientation (BESO) was held at Mamerro District, Brgy.

Rosario, Pasig City last March 19 in cooperation with Brgy. Rosario and Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (ESEA), with Fire Protection Bureau Capt. Anthony A. Arroyo and Engr. William J. Juan.

In April, the IIEE Metro East conducted REE Serye Workshop and Technical Forum held at Meralco Mini-theater, Ortigas Ave., Pasig City with resource speakers Engrs.

Efren Descarga, Leonardo dela Cruz, Sherwin Ocampo, Daniel Esteban,

Arwin Goyena and BEE's Francis V. Mapile.

Later in April, the Metro Central administrated the Technical Seminar/REE Workshop and Forum held in Bukllwagang Amoranto, 3rd floor, High Rise Building, Quezon City Hall while workshop and forum was supervised by Metro North in 30th of April.

On the latter part of May, the Metro West seminar on “Engineering Operations and Maintenance of the Generator System” and “How to be a Registered ASEAN Engineer” with Engr. Alfred R. Paz of MHI Engine System and Mapile as speakers respectively.

On the other hand, there will be 3rd Metro Manila Regional Conference on August 5-6 that will be held in Meralco Multi-Purpose Hall, Ortigas Ave., Pasig City.

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WHAT'S THE NEWS

2,618 EXAMINEES SUCCEED TOUGHEST ENGINEER EXAMS REE TOPNOTCHER: WINNERS ARE PEOPLE WHO NEVER QUIT

800 new REEs, 1,633 RMEs and 185 PEEs took their oath at Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) in Pasay City on May 6.

John Raymond Toledo leads the successful REE examinees with 91.55% rating. In his response, Toledo said that “the board exam may not be the ultimate test of life but definitely the ultimate test of character”.

Graduated from Mapua Institute of Technology, the REE topnotcher’s witty remarks made the spectators laugh occasionally, concluded his speech that “winners are not people who fail, but people who never quit”. There were 12 REE top examinees, two tied in third and fourth places, six came from University of the Philippines System, four from Mapua, one from University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos, and one from Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University. 35 RMEs completed the list of top examinees.

Adora Nob, PEE topnotcher and currently working in the Middle East (and she’s our EE Woman for this issue), shared that she didn’t expect to become an engineering and PEE as well. “Wala naman sa plano,” she quipped in her response quick, a-bit-nervous response.

BEE Chair Francis Mapile sworn in new PEEs, REEs and RMEs, reminded them to preserve honor and integrity of the EE profession.

PHOTO: Gelyn Lee

Board of Electrical Engineering Chair Francis Mapile reminded new professionals to “preserve your honor and integrity.”

Mapile further that why EE is the toughest engineering exam in PRC is because “sa atin nakasalalay lagi ang safety.”

VISAYAN CULTURE AT ROXAS CITY CONFERENCE Roxas City’s culture took the limelight during the 18th Western Visayas Regional Conference conducted at the Kapis Mansions Hotel, Banica on April 28-30.

Hosted by the IIEE Capiz Chapter, the delegates were treated to a melodious rendition of local Visayan songs by the Pilar Rondalla group during the Opening Ceremonies graced by Capiz Governor Victor A. Tanco Sr. In his speech, Tanco hoped that the event inspire collaborative efforts that strengthens bond saying, “I hope that this convention will not only strengthen the bond among electrical engineers but will also inspire them to strengthen their collaborative efforts for the good of their kasimanwans.” Kasimanwans is for Bisayan word meaning 'living in harmony'.

A series of technical seminars comprising topics on electrical safety, net metering, solar PV, high efficiency motors, wind energy, electrical audit, and short circuit calculation among others were imparted by respectable and notable experts in the industry.

The conference also showcased latest trends and technologies in electrical products through exhibits and product presentations. There was also a motorcade or major Roxas City thorough fares that kicked off the event and a fellowship night for a fitting conclusion to the eventful affair.

Closing Ceremonies was attended

by Engr. Edgar D. Diaz, General Manager of Capiz Electric Cooperative, Inc.

IIEE.ORG.PH

IIEE Western Visayas Governor, Don D. Baticados as he officially opened the confab PHOTO: Gelyn Lee VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 15

WHAT'S THE NEWS

DPWH GOES STRICTER ON PERMITS, BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

ZAMBASULTA CHAPTER LIVELIHOOD TOUGH COMPLIANCE WITH BUILDING CODE, PEC SOUGHT

(BASIC WIRING ELECTRICITY WITH P

WORDS: Sherwin I. Dela Paz

Building Code (PD 1096) and Article 1.3.2 of the Philippine Electrical Code, with the construction industry posted 8.9% growth in 2015.

Public Works and Highways Secretary Singson

PHOTO COURTESY: dpwh.gov.ph

A memorandum signed by Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Sec. Rogelio L. Singson mandated all building officials, city or municipal engineers and other concerned personnel to impose a stricter process in approving building permits, effective 15 December last year.

The Secretary calls for strict and immediate compliance of all concerned in order to accomplish the requisite of having an electrically safe environment and pursuant to Section 1301 of the National

calculation in order to ensure the compliance with fire and life safety requirements.

Working permits and follow-up inspections eliminates delays on DPWH required the submission construction projects and other of electrical plans that includes costly measures, lower the risks indispensable information such of electricity-related mishaps as design analysis showing all the during and after construction. At calculations of short circuits, voltage the same time, these mandatory drop, plans and specifications, and inspections may enhance the other important details before an contractor’s experience and Electrical Permit can be handed out ZAMBASULTA CHAPTER LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM PHOTOS knowledge and produce a scheme to any party.

(BASIC WIRING ELECTRICITY WITH PRACTICUM) of safety instructions which will eventually yield an electrically safer Electrical Permit is a legal document atmosphere. that promotes the safety installation of electrical conductors, wiring and IIEE welcomes the move of other materials using electricity of DPWH, three months prior the Fire an infrastructure. Electrical permit Prevention Month and four months also regulates the process into before the annual celebration how electrical installations are of Electrical Safety Month. Both undertaken. observances are advocated by Similarly, existing buildings, the Institute. As to date, IIEE factories and infrastructures with spearheaded the dissemination of substantial electrical loads are also the memorandum to its over 40,000 set to undergo inspection by local PEE, REE, and RME members authorities and will be required for nationwide. an updated design analysis and

40-HOUR TRAINING FOR TECHNICAL WORKERS BY ZAMBO EES In coordination with National Power Corporation Small Power Utility Group (NPC-SPUG), IIEE Zambasulta Chapter successfully conducted a livelihood program entitled “Basic Electricity Wiring with Practicum” last January 13-18 at Zamboanga City. The 40-hour training program aims to cater the needs of technical workers who are in dire need of training on fundamental electrical skills, making them attractive to potential employers.

17 participants came from the different diesel power plants/offices of the NPC-SPUG. Basic theory on electricity and DC and AC systems was discussed by Engr. Yahcob H. Darayan. The participants/trainees were tasked to solve board problems regarding wiring connections after every discussion. The trainees were also taught to compute wire and circuit breaker sizes based on the actual house/building wiring following the requirements of the Philippine Electrical Code.

17 young technicians undergo Basic Electricity with practicum at NPC-SPUG, Zamboanga.

PHOTOS: Zamboanga Chapter As part of the training, Electrical Safety seminar was also presented by Engr. Jimmy T. Hagonoy, electrical safety officer of the NPC-SPUG. Practical exam was given to the trainees wherein they were tasked to show different wiring methods through the installation of lighting fixtures, electrical devices and safety switches.

16 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016

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VOLUME XLV 1 ISSUE 2016 | E : EatonSEA@eaton.com ST

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17

WHAT'S THE NEWS

PHOTO COURTESY: IIEE CDO Chapter

Unity walk is an annual convergence of ESEA advocates.

PHOTO COURTESY: IIEE Naga Chapter

IIEE SPEARHEADS ELECTRICAL SAFETY MONTH CELEBRATIONS. Electrical safety advocates mounted different activties in the observance of the Electrical Safety Month of May. IIEE Cagayan de Oro Chapter and partners held motorcade for around the city earlier this month (top left). IIEE Naga Chapter held baranggay seminar on household electrical safety, May 2 (top right). Meanwhile, engineers and partner groups converged in SM Mall of Asia Grounds, Pasay City, for the annual 'Unity Walk', May 16. The activity spearheaded by IIEE Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness (IIEE-ESEA) group together with partners from SM Mall of Asia, Meralco, RPV Electrotechnologies Philippines Corporation, RR Electroplumb, Inc., and International Copper Association Southeast Asia, aimed to raise the awareness of the public on the important of electrical safety at homes, schools, and workplaces.

Participants of this year's unity walk at the SM Mall of Asia Globe Rotonda.

PHOTOS: Gelyn Lee

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SOUTH LUZON CONFAB KICKS-OFF FIVE STAR EVENTS, VENUE

PEES, REES, AND RMES WELFARE DISCUSS IN KAPEEHAN, KUYENTEEHAN

knowledge and skills through technical presentations, fellowship and sports fests.

Energy Regulatory Commissioner Josefina Asirit admitted her fondness upon rediscovering the wonderful world of engineering, during the opening ceremonies of 17th Southern Luzon Conference.

PHOTO: Gelyn Lee “A fusion of gastronomic spices” was how Engr. Jeddper De Castro, Southern Luzon Governor, described his feelings in orchestrating the 17th Southern Luzon Regional Conference at The Bellevue Hotel, Alabang, Muntinlupa City last March 11 to 12.

De Castro greatly acknowledged the men and women behind the success of the orchestrated event - from the sports tournament, premier five star venue, technical presentations, a well-dressed grand ballroom, to the concerns of members, participants, exhibitors, sponsors, and other stakeholders.

The SLRC governor recognized the members and officers of the Southern Luzon Region who participated and addressed everything to God’s glory.

Hosted by IIEE Northern Laguna Chapter, the two-day event welcomed over 400 delegates, fostering camaraderie among colleagues and upgrade

The SLRC program also accentuated with an activity entitled kapEEhan where updates, issues and concerns pertaining on proposed EE law and PRC Board of Electrical Engineering programs were discussed in a forum. Also, IIEE programs for RMEs were discussed in kuryentEEhan ng mga RME forum.

Atty. Josefina Patricia Asirit of the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) was the opening keynote speaker of the event. During her speech, the lady Commissioner commended the EE women in celebration of the National Women’s Month. Asirit quite closely echoed lyrics from Ogie Alcasid’s ‘Bakit Ngayon Ka Lang?’ Referring her discovery of “wonderful world of engineering.” She further discussed the current situation of the electric power industry.

SAFETY STARTS WITH RME. To complement the celebration of Electrical Safety Month, RME Affairs held mini-conference on household, commercial, and industrial safety practices, May 22 at Bulwagang Amoranto, Quezon City Hall. The CPEcredited program featured former IIEE President Armando Diaz, RME Affairs Head Noy Flores and Fire Chief Inspector Ian Manalo (right), and with support from the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines, Cylix Technologies, Inc., and Quezon City Government.

PHOTOS: Elwood Perez IIEE.ORG.PH

VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 19

WHAT'S THE NEWS

LINEMAN’S RODEO LIVENS UP BUTUAN CONFERENCE Butuan Chapter of the IIEE hosted the 20th IIEE Northern Mindanao Regional Conference last April 7-9 at the Inland Resort & Hotel in Butuan City following the theme, “Soaring High towards Globalization.”

The three-day event started-off with the conduct of a Lineman’s Rodeo competition at the Butuan Sports Complex that tested the wit, agility, and presence of mind of linemen in the region who are not only physically fit and brawny but are also safety conscious in every task that they undertake. In the end.

Misamis Oriental 1 Rural Electrical Service Cooperative, Inc. names as rodeo champion, followed by Agusan del Norte Electrical Cooperative, 2nd place; and Surigao del Sur 1 Electric Cooperative, Inc., 3rd.

The conference proper was opened with Butuan City Mayor Hon. Ferdinand Amante providing the inspirational message and National Association of General Managers of Electric Cooperatives (NAGMEC) & Association of Mindanao Rural Electric Cooperatives (AMRECO) President Sergio Dagooc as the keynote speaker. “Wherever

Participating linemen from Northern Mindanao show-off skills in lineman's rodeo competition.

PHOTO: Butuan Chapter your work may bring you, never forget your values as a Filipino: diligence to do your work well, hard work to perform beyond what is required, and resiliency to overcome adversity.” Amante emphasized.

Technical seminars, product presentations, electrician skills competition, plant tour at Nasipit S/S (NGCP) & Therma Marine II (Aboitiz), citywide motorcade promoting electrical safety, and simultaneous product exhibitions held during the affair. Ronald Casindac of Butuan/Agusan Chapter has been declared as Electrician’s Skills supremo after the competition.

MIDDLE EAST CHAPTERS GOT GOV BEGIN 2016 construction and installation. He was the 2002 president IIEE Eastern Region Chapter in Saudi Arabia and IIEE State of Qatar Chapter adviser since 2005.

Middle East Governor Robert Mabulay takes oath before Council of National President Rodolfo Ferrer.

FILE PHOTO In a move to better serve members abroad, the IIEE Board of Governors appointed Robert Uy Mabulay as interim Middle East (Gulf) Region governor that will represent the IIEE foreign chapters in the Middle Eastern countries starting this year .

Mabulay specializes in proposals and project management, electrical distribution planning and design and electrical

In the board resolution signed September 14, 2015, the new interim region was formed with the purpose of: 1) having a single point of contact in all dealings among chapters in the Middle East (Gulf) Region with the National Office; 2) helping to facilitate the monitoring of new and transferee members by creating a main database for the IIEE Middle East (Gulf) Region; and, 3) helping the licensure office of the PRC ease coordination and coursing matters concerning the “Special Professional Licensure Board Examination to overseas Filipino workers in the Middle East (Gulf) Region among others.

It will be composed of Bahrain Chapter, Central Region Chapter – Saudi Arabia, State of Qatar, Southern Region Chapter – Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Western Region Chapter – Saudi Arabia and Eastern Region Chapter – Saudi Arabia.

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COVER STORY

Leaders in Engineers

Why We Need Exceptional PEEs, REEs and RMEs in a World of Uncertainty WORDS: Ynna Marie Cruz GRAPHICS: Justinberg Bantigue PHOTOS: unsplash.com/Google Images

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IIEE.ORG.PH

In this fast-paced, dynamic and challenging time, the meaning of the word “leadership� is ever changing. What does it mean to lead? Who has the potential to lead?

Currently, our country is in the midst of choosing the next president.

Likewise, the election for the other offices will be held as well. We have seen all sorts of candidates who aspire to lead. They vary and come from all walks of life and profession; from lawyers to actors, the elite to the underprivileged, the political parties to independent candidates, fathers, mothers, brothers and sister they all aspire to win an office. It is a fanfare where these candidates dare and try to prove their capabilities and strengths.

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VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 23

COVER STORY

H

ow many leaders are there in the world?

Whether it is in government, religion, or a corporation—leaders are smart, creative, efficient, dedicated, and persuasive and a lot more. Among these things, can we say that engineers have a potential to lead?

THE DEMAND FOR ENGINEERS In Ben Clayton’s essay, Why Engineers Make Good Business Leaders, he discussed the similarities of the business professionals to engineers. In more ways than one, he has given reasons as to how an engineer can become a leader.

Even though being an engineer and a leader are different from each other, their principles apply to each other. In fact, Clayton adds that because of the relevance of engineering skills to leadership, there has been a “growing dominance of engineers among the world’s business leaders”.

This can be considered as a result of the new Industrial Revolution, popularly known as the digital age. In the advent of the union of technologies, in terms of the physical, biological and the digital means, opportunities for engineers to lead continue to grow as they hold the key to what is one of the most important tools of this age, and that is innovation.

Do you think EE practitioners can be good leaders beyond the EE profession (e.g. baranggay captain, president of civic organization, senator, president of the country)?

Recently, according to the World Economic Forum, “The largest beneficiaries of innovation tend to be the providers of intellectual and physical capital—the innovators, shareholders, and investors…” This explains the trend in the increasing demand for engineers wherein February of this year, Forbes has ranked becoming an Electrical Engineer as the third most indemand job for Engineering; manufacturing engineers being the most in-demand and mechanical engineers which comes second.

MORE EEs In the Philippines, engineering continues to be one of the top courses being taken in college (given a ‘priority status’ by the Commission on Higher Education in 2013). According to the Philippine Star, back in 2015 there was a total of 66,005 graduates of Engineering and Technology. Professional Regulatory Commission highlights that, among 3,772 examinees for the Registered Electrical Engineer Board Examinations, 2,536 passed in September that same year.

The role that engineers play is crucial right now. In the past, engineers were thought to perform only in terms of their specialty which often involves something technical or technological. But as young professionals tend to be more entrepreneurial, including young engineers, management opportunities are now an option too.

l strongly believe that there's no certain profession required to be a good leader. But to be a better leader, one must step out on his shell and start finding how to connect the comfort, safe and panic zone.

John Lawrence Malabanan Quality Assurance Specialist Definitely, yes, especially when they are active members and officers of the IIEE because they know how to serve and to deliver and accomplish projects.

That is how we are trained, hound and developed in our very own professional organization.

Elmer O. Casao Business Development Senior Manager They have the advantages due to their excellent analytical capabilities.

Alexander G. Natano Facilities Engineer Yes EE practitioners can be effective public leader because his/her exposure in practice where he/she meets all people walks of life so adjust easily when comes serving his constituents.

Elmer J. Basco Electrical Engineer Yes. Provided he has a good management and leadership skills.

Eduardo Electrical Maintenance Planner

Of course, EE practitioners are educated and trained not only in electrical engineering but they are also experience in governance, ethics, sustainability and even politics.

ST Maria Josenia R. Bautro 24 | VOLUME XLV 1 ISSUE 2016 IIEE.ORG.PH Electrical Engineer/Professor

Define a good leader.

A leader does his work.

Doesn't rely on other people to get the job done, instead helps other people get the job done.

A leader is intelligent, and shares his wisdom to subordinates, as he wishes to see them be their own leader someday.

Mark David Meneses Project Electrical Engineer

A leader first should be an effective mediator.

John Carlo Nabor Sales Engineer

"In the Philippines, engineering continues to be one of the top courses being taken in college (given a ‘priority status’ by the Commission on Higher Education in 2013)."

Jessica McKellar, the director of the Python Software Foundation, a technical leader at a massive corporation and the manager of dozens of global start-ups explains what engineers can narrow down to two options; the technical track and the management track.

Since engineers are not confined and defined as strictly as before, one can consider whether he/she is someone who enjoys solving high-risk complex technical problems or he/she is someone who enjoys dealing and coordinating with people. Either way, in the natural progression of their career, leadership can be the next stage of the industry.

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A good leader is someone who leads by example that doesn't credit for himself/ herself but for his/her people too.

Noriel Louis A. de Dios Facilities & Engineering Maintenance Section Manager

Visionary with action.

Rommel Mangalindan Businessman

Good leader should accept responsibility, with good moral character & ethical conduct, humble, good follower. Also, a rule of law follower... has faith on God. Lourdelito P. Morillo Project In-charge

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ENGINEERS AS LEADERS McKellar shares, “I was an engineer and tech lead before moving into management…”

What is your strength to become a leader/of your leadership in the company you are working with?

Leaders have a history. No one, in a sense, can become a leader overnight. A leader is built through experience. Since leading means accounting for the people a person leads, a leader must be responsible enough.

I listen, understand and value everyone in this field regards of the title the achieve.

Lendon Estaño Electrical Engineer

EXPERIENCED ENGINEERS

A good listener. Gives direction.

Shows respect and brings unity.

Genesis Tampus Professional Electrician I had a habit of planning. I always listen in the opinion of others especially in my group.

Adrian Paul U. Naparota Student My strength as a leader to my business is patience, understanding and good camaraderie to my people.

Felizardo D. Aguilon General Manager

Though young engineers come to the market competent and with fresh ideas, McKeller says “experienced engineers bring good habits and discipline”. She further explains that people need to grow first. As an individual acquires knowledge and experiences, he/she begins to stand independently and become aware of his/her own talents.

Later on, the transition from becoming a follower to a leader will happen naturally. Still, to develop a leader McKellar explains that there is a certain amount of trust to let her subordinates do their job. “The pre-requisite for this kind of trust is acceptance that people can make mistakes and learn from them.” She adds that managers must allow an atmosphere where people can “feel comfortable failing” as indeed, experience is the best teacher.

Those who are anxious to fail cannot recognize the opportunity to lead, McKellar explains. Therefore as engineers, to consider the future to lead requires the passion and strength to become one.

Can work with time pressure.

Joana Marie R. Agustin QS The strength to become a leader in my company does not only require technical skills but also managerial skills in dealing with people especially if you are dealing with different nationals.

Edwin Apacionado Sr. Electrical Sales Engineer

What is the difference when a PEE, REE, or RME is your boss, team leader, company's decision maker, top manager?

According to Fortune magazine, for leaders ‘it isn’t enough to be accomplished, brilliant, or admirable’. The magazine described a leader as someone is always one step ahead, can inspire positive change and bring the best out of other people. But before anyone can become as such, it takes years to cultivate and nurture the right person for the job.

SUCCESSFUL LEADERS Wayne S. Wright, a senior wetland scientist, describes ten attributes for successful leaders in the engineering industry of today and tomorrow must have. Primarily, it begins in loving what you do; a leader must sincerely want to be one and be motivated by his own desire to lead. This is followed by enthusiastic engagement; the drive and energy of other people, particularly the engineer’s co-workers.

For me it doesnt matter, licenses are not directly equivalent to high corporate post. It depends on the capability of the individual to lead people and decide on critical issues they are facing.

Jayson Francisco Electrical Engineer

The difference still depend on the person himself, because highly educated or not attitude plays an important role on superiorsubordinate relations.

Maria Josenia R. Bautro Electrical Engineer/Professor

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"Since the benefits are not the only things that motivate the people, a leader must think of ways to challenge and make tasks more enjoyable and meaningful."

The difference lies on the fact that they follow a strong, unbiased, well-balanced and globally accepted professional ethics in the execution of their practice.

Personal and Business Ethics makes a working environment proactive and well-balanced and anyone who works on or under the charge of such professionals should be able to grow, efficient and prudent at work and to other co-workers.

Primo Beltran Jr. Lead Electrical Engineer

Well known for a craft in electrical engineering, he/she can provide proper solution.

Federico E. Del Pozo Jr. Researcher/Part time Instructor

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The only difference is the character of the person who leads.

Aljhon D. Ordo単o Electrical Engineer

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COVER STORY How do you see the government office? Is it a high palace with no entrance in sight or an open refuge for its people? The third one means being visible not assuming office behind closed doors. Through this, a leader can know his people and have a better perspective.

Likewise, this results in capitalizing on what motivates the team to work effectively with their different personalities and aspirations.

Nothing bores a person more than monotony, says Wright. Since the benefits are not the only things that motivate the people, a leader must think of ways to challenge and make tasks more enjoyable and meaningful. Even leaders need a purpose to lead. That said, rewards are still important therefore it is only apt to reward those who deserve it. Such prize, incentive, gift or bonus must be in line with the needs and objectives of the one to receive it.

HONESTY AND PATIENCE Bill Gates once said, ‘succeeds breed success’. Leaders lead by example. As a leader, the management values he/she implores should reflect that of a leader; someone who reaches out and is honest.

As a leader, PEEs, REEs, and RMEs must initiate a good start. EE practitioners are responsible in foreseeing the bigger picture which his/her team can work on step

by step. A leader must inspire to innovate, to steer everyone in a good direction that will give fruit to good result.

Ultimately, throughout everything EE practitionersturned-leaders must have patience as personal value.

A good leader will invest a great amount of time and energy to fulfil his/her role. Through all the challenges and adversities, the leader must endure. Without patience, a leader may lose sight of his goals and his ideals. If a leader has patience, he/she will be able to understand and deal with any situation with the right frame of thinking.

EXCEPTIONAL EES There are more characteristics of how a leader must be but mostly, as EE practitioners, these qualities originates from the practices obtained during the formative years in study and experience in work. The skills and values gained as an engineer translates well to most of the elements that makes up a leader. To be such would make an engineer exceptional.

But in a world that Nathan Furr, the author of The Innovator’s Method, describes to be with increasing uncertainty, exceptional leaders – PEEs, REEs, and RMEs are what we need.

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TRAVEL

THE MAP TO HOME:

WORDS AND PHOTOS: Mary Therese Encina

EAT YOUR WAY in EAT YOUR WAY out

Ever wonder how a Capizeño experience feels like? Now, imagine a multitude of colors in a multitude of flavors: the tanginess of orange, crispness of greens, the spiciness of reds altogether exploding in your mouth, with the sound of crashing waves as music to the ears – that would be an ideal Capiz experience.

FEAST FROM CAPIZ (clockwise from top left): Gastronomers will never get lost with these delectable baked talaba, best-of-everything’s mixed seafoods, tasty kinilaw na pusit at hipon, everyone’s favorite alimasag, seafood broth in bamboo, and the No. 1 pulutan – grilled pusit.

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TRAVEL formulated recipes and methods that would tattoo Capiz in their hearts.

One of these is the Mixed Seafood – a mixture of Capiz’s best seafood in one platter. A serving of Tuway, Kagaykay, Litub, squid and prawn soaked in cream and butter mildlyspicy salsa. With its milky taste of cream that aptly even the natural seafood saltiness, the menu could definitely compete with foreign cuisines.

Diwal are most loved by the people when baked, glazed with butter and garnished with friend minced garlic. haracterizing its Seafood Capital title, Capiz fondly serves both Capizeños and viajeros with the best that its waters could offer. With zero dynamite use on fishing, progressive fishponds development and natural methods, Capizeños work hand in hand in pulling the nets from midday to evening to preserve this divine splendor.

C

The best of Roxas City’s seafood restaurants are strategically located at the seaside of Baybay, giving the homey and nostalgic ambiance that would compete with any vacation feels!

A five to ten minute tricycle-drive from the central city, you will find yourself dazed on the seafood restaurants serving no other than the best of Capiz delicacies that will surely make you forget your table etiquette!

The Broths, Soups and Salsa There is probably nothing more comforting than a smooth broth soothing an empty stomach. Aside from that, a warm broth is what exactly an exhausted traveler needs to enliven his spirit and quench his physical dread.

Capiz offers a plethora of shells and fishes that make perfect broths

and soups. With flavor enhanced by natural spices, a seashell broth tastes mildly salty with a pang of ginger spice – which is almost about tasting the sea in every spoonful.

The most favorite broth, by Capizeño selection, is of the Kagaykay shells. Kagaykays are clams with white meat, smooth shell texture and are rather small, often confused with Halaan, a clam of the same characteristics except the texture of its shells. Small as it may be, Kagaykay shells broth, spiced with onions, spring onions, red pepper and a generous amount of crushed ginger is more than enough to prepare the stomach for a heavy seafood dining ahead.

Another shell, the Litub, with redorange meat, corrugated shell and are larger in size, also make good broths.

There’s also the Tuway, although not as best-selling as the Kagaykay, is making a name in the province–with its bigger white meat. The Tuway shells is better with more ginger, giving a stronger zest in the throat, which would probably turn every costumers into instant singers in a flash.

Capizeño restaurants in their thrust to serenade the costumers with exceptional seafood taste, have

Other restaurants however, have done more playing with curry in the kitchen than cream. Their version of mixed seafood - with squid rings, prawns and a variety of shells are drenched in thick curry sauce.

Given the piquant curry taste, this version of a mixed seafood serving is more spicy than creamy. Because spicy food is appetizing not only to Capizeños but also to many Filipinos and other Asian foreigners, this seafood serving has become a bestseller.

Pampano, a wide-bodied but average-sized fish, is also much loved in Capiz, especially with sweet and sour salsa. Deep-fried in extremely hot oil to keep its good shape, the Pampano is drenched in sauteed butter and flour, flavored by the natural sweetness and sourness of tomatoes, tomato sauce, onions and a few pepper. A crispy fried Pampano forked and drenched in its sweet and sour salsa is undeniably a taste of bliss in its every morsel, and a combat between the two flavors that only the tongue can judge.

Bisugo and Bangus, however are fishes best for Sinigang. While Sinigang as a national dish cannot be taken away from the menu list of Filipinos, Capiz serves well by providing the freshest and the best of the fishes that gives the dish its authentic Filipino taste. Complete with talong (eggplant), kangkong, labanos (horse radish), and sometimes, tomatoes or tamarind, the Capizeño Sinigang na Bisugo or

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Bangus is a one-to-be-remembered Sinigang experience.

On the Grills and Frying Pans Capiz is a place that patronizes more grilling than frying. With the well recognized Mang Inasal and many other inasal restaurants in the area, fishes and other seafood barely escapes the garnish and the grill. Perhaps the best way to describe the grilled seafood is that, the aroma is food itself.

Pantat or catfish, although more popular in the town of Zarraga in the nearby province of Iloilo, is highly patronized in Capiz. Pantat is often grilled and glazed with either butter or margarine, depending on the costumer’s choice. What people love more about a grilled Pantat is its flaky flesh after the grilling. Well, who doesn’t love crisp? Matched with a soy sauce and calamansi sawsawan, the grilled Pantat is literally the dish everyone would ask an extra rice for.

The Many Wonders of Pusit Pusit is one of the easy to cook seafood. Home cooks would always prefer cooking Pusit as adobo, but a grilled Pusit is a best-seller in Capiz.

Stuffed with the spices that catalyze its succulent and natural taste, the grilled Pusit is even made tastier with a butter and marinating mixture garnish. The Pusit, although cooked, keeps its elastic characteristic which takes it a lot longer to chew – which means, a longer time in experiencing its exquisite taste.

In a province that seem to never run out of occasions and festivities to celebrate, the fried Pusit is the best partner to hard drinks. The wellpreserved beaches in Capiz are ideal tourist and family day destinations; and indeed the best place to celebrate anything. To make it even more festive, the Capizeños will serve your favorite Pusit dish any place, the anytime and for any event.

Best When Steamed Capiz also offers a variety of crustaceans. Alimango, Alimasag, Talangka, Dakumo, Prawns and Ulang or Lobster are bearably abundant in the area.

by the local and foreign tongues, its shells have many decoration uses.

Another oyster, the most common, Crassostrea gigas, is dominant in the province, making them a lot affordable than the nearing provinces that sell them.

Despite the high blood pressure threat, enjoy eating the aligi or the stored fat of these shellfishes. As if proving right the notorious cliché “Masarap ang bawal”, they would even partner it with hard drinks.

After a two-decade rehabilitation program to prevent its extinction, one most-prized seafood of Capiz has made its glorious comeback in 2012 – the Diwal or the Angel Wings.

Pantat, or catfish, is highly patronized in Iloilo. Often grilled and glazed with butter or margarine, people love its flaky flesh after the grilling.

These white-meat shellfishes are juicy and flavorful. With the natural sea saltiness absorbed by the shellfishes during the steam, these dishes are literally finger-licking.

Oysters and Diwal Of course, the historical Windowpane Oysters or Capiz (Kapis) shells are impossible to be forgotten. As history provides, Capiz was named after this oyster that was abundant in the area. Not only these oysters are patronized

IIEE has an active chapter in Capiz. You may connect with members in the city and nearby chapters with Chapter President Ronneil Babis (ronneilpb@hotmail.com) or visit their usual meeting place at Colegio De La Purisima Concepcion at 1 Arsobispo St., Roxas City 5800 Capiz.

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The Windowpane Oyster and Diwal are most loved by the people when baked, glazed with butter and garnished with fried minced garlic.

However, the common oyster is most loved when half-cooked, and is known to bring satisfaction to its consumers of its raw but sweet and mouthwatering taste.

Best When Mixed With Seafood Capizeños are not only patrons of seafood but are also high consumers of vegetables. Restaurants in Capiz delight in serving its consumers such as Chopsuey and Paella that are fully-stuffed with seafood. A healthy serving of vegtables and seafoods mixed together! What more can you ask for? It has been known that the kitchen is the core of every home. In Capiz, the people has a lot to offer than palatable dishes – and that’s a kitchen to come home to. Because the best way to make a visit to Capiz worthwhile, is in a nutshell, by eating your way in and eating your way out!

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FEATURE

MakE It Happen,

For PEEs, REEs, and RMEs: Today, the Philippines. Tomorrow, the World WORDS: Ynna Marie Cruz PHOTOS: freepik.com

I

n light of the ASEAN integration, there are three kinds of practitioners that Engr. Florigo Varona, the National Vice President for External Affairs of IIEE pointed out: professionals who can be categorized as "gumagawa ng pangyayari” (those who make things happen), “nakita yung nangyayari kaya nakikiuso” (those who go with the flow but are not completely aware) and lastly “yung hindi alam ang nangyayari”(those who actually have no idea about what’s happening)—a simple but a more or less spot-on way to put reality in perspective.

In a way we can simplify that there are people who know about ASEAN integration, there are also people who have just heard about it and then there are those who are completely not aware of it. Since its commencement last year, ASEAN countries continue with developing the economic community. But what is ASEAN integration?

More importantly, what does it mean for engineers here in the Philippines?

ASEAN AS COMMON MARKET ASEAN integration is about establishing a common market that would allow the following among others: free trade of goods, exchange of knowledge and resources, and mobility of people. Through the integration, ASEAN countries are given the means to connect and interact with each other. As it gradually eliminates traditional conventions, cultural, political, and other barriers are becoming easier to overcome. We now begin to realize the possibilities beyond our country and so does other countries beginning to realize the possibilities outside of their own.

So, is this something new? Not really. For years, mobility of Filipinos working and living in foreign soils are more than ever. Countries in East Asia, Europe, Middle East, and North America took care of our ancestors, thereby establishing small Filipino communities that thrive until

now, bringing the distinct Far East culture – food, faith, practices – in this alien countries. This is one of the waves of old globalization.

But now, globalization is different, both in scale and direction. As we consider opportunities abroad, not only through the ASEAN integration but also of e-commerce, internal market trades, and international forces, foreigners, who have started to recognize the Philippines as haven of business resources, this means competition. In this pursuit what engineers as much as other professionals should consider is whether or not we stand a chance against foreign nationalities.

NAME OF THE GAME Engr. Larry Cruz, the National President of IIEE noted that “competitiveness is the name of the game”. It is an issue of expertise and credibility. As ASEAN Engr.

Rolando Nicolas have pointed out though “Filipino engineers are technically competent, highly conversant in English language and are hard working professionals”, he adds that engineers must go beyond other limitations too; in terms of discipline, adaptability in other work fields, and establishing intercultural relationships.

Having said that, before any of it is realized, Varona points out that it should start with awareness. The ASEAN integration and even globalization is nothing new to our fellowmen who have or are still working abroad but for most engineers here in our country, most have a nearsighted view that fails to see what the integration would result to in a few years’ time.

Cruz had even mentioned “gone are the days that engineers can keep secret formula, hidden information so they can be the best in their jobs.” With the technological developments and considering how fast it is happening, we are pushed to keep up. Cruz continues

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Alone Abroad?

Find IIEE Ready to go international? IIEE has established chapters in key areas of EE professional concentrations abroad. Below are some of them and what activities you can look forward once you settled with the climate, get use to work and ready to mingle with your fellow Filipino engineers.

EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA that “With the global information available anytime anywhere, Engineers must always be updated with the latest technology, trends, standards and everything about their chosen fields.�

As this implies soaring proportions of highly skilled and educated migrants, engineers would need to prove that they are at par, if not better, than those migrants if they would like to get the job.

Because of this phenomenon, the shift in the Philippine pedagogy has begun, industry-academe partnerships are being established and along with it, IIEE has made its own efforts to empower our very own.

WASHINGTON ACCORD As the paradigm shift occurs, the needs of this generation have changed and still continue to change, it is a constant to develop engineering programs and the like. That is why efforts from the academe and engineering institutions are put together to create courses that would equip scholars with the right and updated knowledge, tools and attitude to respond to this demand. In fact, institutions here in the Philippines move to have these engineering programs accredited by the Philippine Technological Council that would eventually lead to the Washington Accord recognition among others.

Furthermore, different universities and colleges also continue to build their network through establishing industry-academe linkages. With the support of the government, the Commission on Higher Education, and IIEE itself, engineering businesses connects with schools here in the Philippines. Through these, trainings and possible employment are provided that is a huge advantage for graduates at the early stage of their career.

With 449 members of the Eastern Region Chapter in Saudi Arabia (IIEE-ERCSA) the chapter conducts socio-civic activities, extends free assistance to the Philippine Embassy in Riyadh through the Philippine Overseas Labor Office - Eastern Region Operation and the Embassy-On-Wheels outreach program.

IIEE-ERCSA is also supporting the funding of IIEE Scholarship Program, IIEE-Council of Student Chapter activities, participation in Philippine Professional Organization Saudi Arabia activities, conduct of technical seminars and Special Professional Licensure Board Exam (SPLBE).

Gerardo Frani, 2016 chapter president, can help you network with the rest of the professionals in East Arab peninsula (ge_itran@yahoo.com).

CENTRAL SAUDI ARABIA Central Region Chapter (IIEE-CRCSA) has been established to unite all Filipino migrant electrical practitioners who are presently working in the region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, into a dynamic chapter of IIEE. IIEE-CRCSA was an off-shoot from the IIEEERCSA, started in June of 1998. From 33 members, the chapter has now 338 active members, majority based in Riyadh. In its foundation, Philippine Embassy to Riyadh

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Continued on page 33.

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FEATURE Charge d’ Affaires Jesus Maravilla recognized IIEE-CRCSA as the official professional organization of Filipino migrant electrical practitioners.

2016 Chapter President Renato Datuin (rene. datuin@sa.schneider-electric.com) will be glad to assist your concerns, together with the enthusiastic officers and members around Riyadh and nearby areas.

KUWAIT On 2014, the Philippine Embassy Faiha in Kuwait City witnessed the formation of IIEE Kuwait Chapter, with 11 founding members, IIEE-Kuwait is one of the newly establish Philippine professional organization in the Arabian peninsula country. The chapter is also instrumental in the administering of SPLBE with professionals working and living in Kuwait.

Although small in numbers, the 15-member Kuwait chapter continuously conduct technical seminars, membership meetings, family Kuwait’s Liberation fun day (every February 26th), SPLBE, Philippines Independence Day celebration, conferences and conventions.

QATAR Accredited since 2005, State of Qatar Chapter (IIEE-SQC) serves 727 IIEE members in Qatar (they started from 35 founding members). The chapter provides continuing professional education programs for professionals, conduct sociocivic activities with the Philippine Embassy in Doha (they celebrated Electrical Safety Month as well!), and assists members for professional upgrades, among others. IIEE-SQC also has its own toastmasters club.

Contact 2016 Chapter President Edgardo Estebal (eestebal@yahoo.com) to connect with our Filipino electrical practitioners in the Qatar peninsula.

Later on, even as young professionals aim to pass the licensure exams, it must not end there. As Nicolas comments that “(an) aspiring engineer has to prepare himself by undergoing lifelong-learning process such as attending technical trainings, seminars and conventions in order for him to be globally competitive.” System design, analysis and management are some of IIEE’s programs that engineers can take as an example.

CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT Furthermore Nicolas adds that “after an engineer (has) passed the licensure examination, he/she has to earn a minimum required Continuing Professional Development (CPD) points. All Accredited Professional Organizations (APO) shall be mandatory in implementing this regulation.” Therefore we can agree that as engineering disciplines become more specialized, continuing education becomes more crucial to managing a rising career.

To this effect, joining international organizations comes in. In this new era, engineers should not only aim to be professional locally. Nowadays, an engineer should see the world and aim to be a global professional. After attaining qualifications such as various documentary evidences, a professional license and other recognitions, engineers can apply to different registers such as the APEC Engineer Register, the ASEAN Engineer Register, and the ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineer Register.

These registers aim at enabling competent engineers to work and be recognized across national borders, endeavor to liberate professional services and prove the technical capabilities of an individual to mobilize engineers. Thus, through this, opportunities around the world, whether in business or personal career, are within an arm’s reach.

IIEE HELPS Through all of this, IIEE doesn’t waver in their efforts to educate and inspire engineers to know about the globalization. IIEE continues to provide programs and extend a wide range of technical assistance to all its members across the country.

Engineers need only to know more about these options to rise above the challenges of globalization. It is time for our engineers to take the stage confident and competent.

After all, Filipino engineers make things happen.

Moreover, IIEE has presences in Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Southern and Western Regions of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Singapore.

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HEALTH

THE DANGERSBITSOFTOZIKA KNOW

ABOUT THE VIRUS WORDS: Vincent Bryan Velez

Apart from dengue and Chinkungunya, which are known fatal mosquitotransmitted diseases in the world, another lethal virus obtained from mosquito bites has resurfaced, clearly reintroducing itself after being taken for granted for at least seven decades- Zika.

Though Zika doesn’t necessarily kill its host, its impending threat towards people, especially pregnant women, has elevated.

As of this writing, the Department of Health recorded its second laboratory confirmed case of Zika virus in the country.

And the more widespread it gets, the more important it is for everyone to finally know its name.

BREADCRUMB TRAILS

The virus was discovered in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947. Yet somehow, the virus managed to travel across continents.

Several outbreaks of the virus have occurred but has been minimal and commonly ignored, like the cases in Asia and Africa way back 1952. In 2007, at least 14 cases were recorded in Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands.

The first hint of the possibility that Zika virus may cause microcephaly, a physical deformity of an infant’s head, was during an outbreak in 2013 in French Polynesia. 42 cases of Guillan-Barre syndrome, a sickness causing temporary paralysis among adults, were recorded due to Zika virus.

Apart from Brazil, in which a great number of its almost two million residents were diagnosed with the Zika virus, some areas like South Florida in America and Northern Argentina were also within the range of Zika’s outbreaks.

ZIKA AND MICROCEPHALY

Since Zika can attack the nervous system, which caused Guillan-Barre syndrome, the probability that it may also cause microcephaly becomes high. This idea has not caused attention until 2015, when an outbreak of Zika occurred in Brazil and a number of microcephaly cases arose from a typical nine cases a year to 646 cases that year.

Microcephaly is an abnormality which allows the skull of an infant or fetus to harden at such early times, inhibiting its brain’s growth. Due to this, a number of physical incapacities and mental disorders might be obtained including slow response, motor skills deterioration and others.

The abnormality mentioned have different roots, ranging from genetic insufficiency to infections on the fetus during pregnancy to adverse health condition of the mother- such as malnourish, alcoholic, diabetic, etcetera. Center for Disease Prevention (CDC) Director Tom Frieden, however, confirmed that Zika is one of them.

TRANSMISSION

Like dengue, only female mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, carry the virus, transmitting Zika from one person to another. The virus circulates to their system up to their salivary gland until they pass the virus to the next person through their proboscis (straw-like body part) when they draw out blood.

New York Times confirmed that the Zika virus has the capability to survive within the testes of an infected man thus causing the probability of sexual transmission greater.

The World Health Organization declared that an estimated four million people in Brazil would end up infected by the end of the year.

SIGNOS

The symptoms of the virus were traditional and not lasting compared to other diseases— fever, rash, joint pain and red eyes— causing some Zika-related cases undetected.

Lastly, far worse from the previous statements was the fact that according to the Center for Disease Control, no treatment has yet to be recommended.

It is frightening, yes. Now that a looming danger is on the loose, our best chance lies only between knowing a thing or nothing at all. And for now, protecting ourselves from contracting the virus is our only hope. After all, prevention is still better than cure.

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FEATURE

#KungAkoAngMagigingPresidente As the election fever heats up and wanes, we invited our professionals online to lay-down their plans in case, just in case, one of them will take the most coveted position in the government – to be the President of the Republic of the Philippines.

The following are their responses that will likely earn them at least an overnight stay in Malacañan. (And of course, the things in parenthesis are the comments from the Supreme Court of The Electrical Engineer editors!)

Wala nang madilim na bahay. Pills.

(Alma Moreno?!?) -Kenneth Jorigue

Papa-rebuild ko ang nuclear power plant sa Bataan para less yung babayaran natin sa kuryente. (We are not aware that it was torn down) -Roy Roco

I’ll promote renewable electric plants. No to fossil fuels plants and nuclear and other plants that can destroy our nature. (Approved!)

-Jesse Dominic Sevilla

Nais kong ipagpatuloy ang pagbubukas ng Nuclear Power Plant dahil alam ko malaking tulong ito sa mamamayang Pilipino. (Approved also!)

-Tresha Irish Paglinawan

Lahat ng mga adik ipakukulong.

Mababawasan ang traffic. Magiging maayos ang Pilipinas within 3 to 6 months.

(We heard it from President-elect Rod Duterte) -Bryan Roy Sornito Jr.

I’ll make the Philippines the most successful country by eliminating the problems. (Problems on?)

-Phaul Angelo Esquillo

Uubusin ko lahat ng adik.

(Including yourself?)

-Patrick Begino Sisikapin kong lahat ng gustong mag-aral ay makapag-aral “nang busog.” Dahil kung mahirap ang pakiramdam ng gutom, mas mahirap mag-aral habang gutom. (Free nutribun!) -Joven D. Belvis

Tataasan pa ang sweldo ng EE. (Yes please!) -Mark Anthony Pade Ang nagbabayad lang ng tax ang may karapatan bumoto. (Wow, tax reform!)

-Louie Alfred Bries

Ibabalik ko sa government ang Meralco. (Then?) -Giancarlo Bernardo

Together we will make other candidates’ promises come true.

(Copy cat?) -Christian Gil Galemba

Uunahin ko ang paglago at paglunsad ng Pilipinas. Trabaho na may panatang pangmaka Diyos. (Even God will approve) -Mark Christopher Chavez

Papaunlarin ko ang Pilipinas. (How?) -Jessie Albert Seraspe

Pagtutuunan ko ng pansin ang lahat ng problema ng bansa at bigyan ng lahat ng solusyon. (Okay) -Michael B. Olanggo

Love and justice ang maghahari. Equality, unity and peace and passion to God ang pangunahing isusulong. (Amen!) -Moises L. Cawilan

Trabaho at oportunidad para sa mamamayan. (Speaking like a true politician!)

-Aldreen Vinuya

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ILLUSTRATION: Allan Saleh De Vera RENDERING: Justinberg Bantigue

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HEALTH

Know it by heart

NO MATTER WHAT YOUR AGE IS, EVERYONE CAN BENEFIT FROM A HEALTHY DIET AND ADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. WORDS: Vincent Bryan Velez

CREDITS: www.heart.org, google images

in your 20s

What to Eat: Foods and dairy products with low saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium. Also include fruits, vegetables, fiber-rich grains, nuts, legumes, seeds, skinless poultry and oily fish (at least twice a week). Limit sugar-sweetened drinks, and red meat (though if not possible, choose the leanest cut available).

The things you do — and don’t — are tell-tale signs of how long and how well you’re going to live.

• Be physically active at an early age. “If you’re accustomed to physical activity, you’ll sustain it,” said cardiologist Richard Stein, M.D. • Don’t smoke and avoid secondhand smoke.

in your 30s Career and familial concerns normally leave less time for a healthy heart check. These ways may help you balance these three.

• Keep moving and avoid resting too much. Invest your time in hearthealthy habits like exploring parks on foot or bike, and exercising.

• Know your family history.

• Relax. Try deep-breathing exercises. Prolonged stresses can cause increased heart rate and blood pressure which may lead to health risks.

in your 40s The key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle is through understanding why you need it.

Then do it.

• Monitor weight. Body metabolism reduces during 40s and maintaining a healthy diet and proper exercise keeps weight gain on check. The trick is to find a workout routine you enjoy.

• Have regular sugar checkup. “In addition to blood pressure checks and other hearthealth screenings, one should have a fasting blood glucose test at age 45.”

• Don’t take snoring for granted. According to Madelline Vann, MPH, snoring intensifies risks of stroke and others.

in your 50s Compared to physical signs of aging like wrinkles and gray hairs, the impact of aging on your heart is invisible. So by 50s, you must be more watchful.

• Eat foods and dairy products with low saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium as well as fruits, vegetables, fiber-rich grains, nuts, legumes, seeds, skinless poultry and oily fish (at least twice a week).

• Educate yourself with heart failure and stroke symptoms.

• Follow your treatment plan. By now, you may have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk for heart disease or stroke.

in your 60s Many heart risks appear during this age— such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and others— pushing vigilant health monitoring.

• Have an ankle-brachial index test. According to the website, conducting this test helps “assess pulses in the feet to help diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD), a lesser-

•

known cardiovascular disease in which plaque builds up in the leg arteries”.

Check your calories. Excessive weight gain increases greater heart activity causing more risks for heart diseases.

Regular exercise and less eating may help maintain healthy body weight.

ST 38 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 IIEE.ORG.PH IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 38

EE WOMAN

LOVE FOR WORK UP-CLOSE AND PERSONAL WITH ADORA NOB MIROTE

W

e are always amazed how our female species managed to land in the list of the profession that is too stereotypically male-dominated.

Last December 2015, the EE community here and abroad was surprised with the released of new Filipino PEEs. For one, the list is longer than usual (which means, many got the stringent requirements of professional upgrading) and two, the list includes three woman. One of them is Adora Nob Mirote.

For 12 years of doing civil, mechanical, and electrical works in the Middle East, it is no wonder Adora manages to get the accreditation to practice, both from Dubai Municipality and its Electricity and Water Authority.

Being active in both IIEE United Arab Emirates (UAE) Chapter and the UAE Society of Engineers, this 40 year old wonder woman wants us to learn that a female working in the desert is like sink or swim. And learning how to swim in the desert, with your supportive fellows can really make the world a whole lot different.

CALL HER: Addy.

I BELIEVE THAT IN LIFE: Nothing is impossible with hard work, perseverance and with the help of GOD’s grace anything you can achieve.

PEOPLE DON’T KNOW THAT I AM: Very simple, jolly kind loving person, like to play video games and loves to stay at home loves to bake and cook, although people see me as serious person and maldita.

I AM REALLY GOOD AT: Baking cakes and pastries as per my family and friends *smiles* I AM AN EE PRACTITIONER AND: I practice my profession but also the code and ethics of being a professional electrical engineer here in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

IF I AM NOT AN EE PRACTITIONER, PROBABLY I AM: I would probably an accountant.

WHEN WOMAN WORKS: She needs to prove herself to others that she can do the works especially in the field of engineering. Men don’t need to strive hard and prove himself to others, since most people see that EEs working at the site/field are only for men. But most of us don’t know that woman have more advantage working at the field because females are more cautious, dedicated, patient in their job especially if there a life at stake.

WORKING ABROAD AS AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER IS DIFFERENT BECAUSE: It is tough in the Middle East, but it’s tougher if you’re a female working at the site, not only you will be criticized by your nationality but also by your gender.

Addy in her 'kingdom' of engineering. "I wouldprobably an accountant," she admits.

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AM. One of them is Engr. Ernie Reyes, PEE and other active members from the IIEE UAE Chapter.

In June 2010, I joined LIWA Engineering, and the company has business in HVAC system. It was then I got the opportunity to take the Dubai Municipality accreditation exam representing my company LIWA Engineering to apply as MEP Contracting Company accredited in Dubai, UAE. Blessings came along –junior solar PV expert by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, August 2015 and professional electrical engineer, December 2015.

AT THE END OF THE DAY: I am looking forward that I could share, in my own way, my knowledge, expertise and experiences to the younger generation so they can learned from it, improved and applied it in their line of works.

Addy is now PEE, just last December 2015.

Nevertheless, such criticism did not stop me for pursuing to work in the field of engineering overseas. Instead, I strive hard to be in my position today. It was on February 2008, when I joined Amana Contracting & Steel Buildings as a site electrical engineer in UAE. My first project was our head office in AMANA Ras Al Khaimah.

It was so difficult for me because I don’t know anyone in the company who can help me technically. Luckily, my fellow IIEE members here in UAE are very supportive and helpful, that they were able to teach me even until 2:00

AS A PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, WHAT DO YOU THINK IS YOUR BIGGEST CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROFESSION? The biggest contribution to my profession is love of work. I love my work as a senior electrical engineer here in my company I see to it that we comply electrical regulation, standards and safety of the people.

DO YOU AGREE THAT FEMALES HAVE A DISADVANTAGE IN THE ELECTRICAL PROFESSION? I see it not a disadvantage but a challenged for us women and that we can do same as men or even we can surpass them nothing is impossible.

Product lines and Services BATTERY Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Vented / Flooded type Deep Cycle / Solar / Golf Car Traction / Motive Power Nickel Cadmium (Nicad)

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AC POWER SYSTEMS Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Inverters

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Thyristor Type Charger Microprocessor Controlled Remote Access Load Sharing Operation

#335-A R.S. Cristobal Sr. Street, Sampaloc, Manila Philippines 1008 Telefax No.: (+63-2) 7814626 Email: inquiry@genikos.com 40 | VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 IIEE.ORG.PH Tel. No.: (+63-2) 5220103 Website: www.genikos.com Mobile No.: 09189515040 (Smart), 09178632002 (Globe), 09328583975 (Sun)

TECHNICAL

DESIGN OF A SOLAR POWERED LED LIGHTING SYSTEM USING THE DUAL AXIS TRACKING SYSTEM

Pepito K.D., Estoy L.C., Martinez Jr., J.M., Linsangan, N.B., and Pacis, M.C. School of EECE Mapúa Institute of Technology Manila, Philippines mikeinmars@yahoo.com, jmmartinezp@mapua.edu.ph

Abstract — During the past few years, researchers and technology of solar energy have progressed immensely.

Energy is abundant in the earth and the source is the sun.

This paper focuses on small scale outdoor lighting systems.

This is a stand-alone lighting system that gets power from the sun by using a solar module during daytime.

It has automatic switching and dimmer photosensor that operates when there is no light from the sun detected.

However, storing more energy in the battery is one challenge. Currents of high value that is enough to charge the battery safely is required and depends on the amount of light energy from the sun. Stationary modules will only have maximum current at noon. The researchers included a tracker system to follow the sun’s position so the current is higher throughout the day. To know which design is better, the researchers conducted a test that determines the performance of with tracker and without a tracker. Another test will be conducted regarding with the dimmer. The energy consumption of the LED light will be observed by using without dimmer and with dimmer.

The result shows that current boosts the charging when tracker is ON. Dual axis trackers can compensate for the energy used by the motors for tracking. The auto-dimmer saves the charge used in the battery while supplying the appropriate light in the surrounding.

Keywords - solar powered outdoor lighting system; automatic LED dimmer photosensor; solar tracker; dual axis tracker

stand-alone solar powered lighting system. To maximize the energy from the sun, the design includes a dual axis tracking system. To save the consumption of energy, the design includes an automatic dimmer of the lighting load. Also, it includes a Maximum Power Point Tracking charge controller in locating the maximum power from the solar module. This study determines the performance of the prototype using dual axis tracker integrated with the MPPT charge controller.

Solar trackers are used to maintain the position of solar modules directly facing the sun. It lets the solar module to collect more energy from the sun. However, the prototype will only have a lighting load. This paper evaluates the performance of the dual tracking system by analyzing if the motor could be a great loss in collecting the power from the sun.

II. METHODOLOGY

This research was conducted at the Mapúa Institute of Technology campus in Intramuros, Manila.

There are three main parts in the prototype that is observed. The first part is the performance of the solar module, the second part is the rate of charge of the battery, and the last part is the consumption of power by the load. This paper compares the performance of a solar powered system without tracker and with a tracker. The energy consumption of the load is compared using with and without automatic dimmer.

I. INTRODUCTION

Scarcity of energy is one of the main problems that the Philippines faces today. The energy becomes more expensive, and nonrenewable energies are slowly being depleted. In addition, most of it could also have a drastic effect on earth such as global warming. The results are powerful typhoons that destroy houses, roads, and other infrastructures which are clearly seen nowadays.

In order to avoid such consequences, engineers and scientists look for better alternative clean energy, and solar energy is the new trend in electricity. This energy is abundant to earth, and it is clean which can power small to large scale loads. Over the years, commercial establishments spent more energy in lighting systems.

These loads are still used even in the middle of the day.

In addition, some parts in our area use lighting system throughout the night. In short, lighting systems are considered as continuous loads. In order to save more energy, the researchers came up with an idea to design a IIEE.ORG.PH

Conceptual Framework VOLUME XLV 1ST ISSUE 2016 | 41

TECHNICAL A. Preliminary Design Computations 1.) Battery Sizing and Load Computations: In order to compute for the battery size, the loads are listed first.

The loads include LED light and two motors for tracking mechanism.

Table I. List Of Loads Loads

Qty.

Rated Power

LED strip light

1

40

12

33.3

-

4.00

14.04

UDmotor

1

80

3.30 a

1.98 a

0.001250 a

-

0.00248*

LRmotor

1

80

1.89 a

1.03 a

0.004167 a

-

0.00429*

Total Ah

14.047

The computed peak solar hours using equation (3) is 3.81 hours based on [1]. The maximum current (IMP) of the chosen PV module is 4.49A. Next, multiply the mentioned maximum current to the peak solar hours.

This will be the charge that the module can give to the battery in one day. Using equation (5), the computed Ah per day is 17.10Ah.

Voltage (V)

Current (A)

Hours (Day)

Hours (Night)

Ah

Ahper day = peak solar hours × IMP (5) 3.) Wire Sizing: The computation on sizes of wire is based on a 2% voltage drop for each wire. Manipulating Ohm’s Law as shown in equation (6), the cross sectional area of wire between solar charge controller and battery is 2.54mm2 and for the solar charge controller to the load is 1.89mm2.

(6)

a. These values recorded were measured.

The charging efficiency of the battery is 0.95, and the total ampere hour is computed using, (1)

Autonomy days are days that the battery can last without charging. In times of thunderstorms and cloudy days, the autonomy days is considered three days.

Multiplying the autonomy days to the total Ah required by the load will be 42.16 Ah. The depth of discharge (DOD) of the battery is also considered and is set to have a DOD of 75%. Using equation (2), the rating of the battery that will be used is near 56.21Ah. (2)

The battery used is 50Ah, 12V deep cycle battery. To compute for the number of batteries used, simply divide the computed total Ah of the battery by the chosen rating of the battery. The number of batteries to be used is one.

There is a relationship between the open circuit voltage of the battery terminal on the state of charge of the battery. As the state of charge increases, the battery voltage increases as well. State of charge is the opposite of the depth of charge. By interpolation, the state of charge can be computed given the open circuit voltage of the battery.

where ρ is the copper resistivity 1.7 x 10-8 Ω-m, l is the length of the wire and I is the current passing through the wire. The Vdrop is the 2% drop across the wire.

B. Construction and Development of the Prototype 1.) Microcontroller: The microcontroller is an Arduino with a processor of ATmega644. Communication and coordination of the components are made possible by the microcontroller. It has a resolution of 5V per 1024 bits and converts analog to digital.

Pulse width modulation (PWM) can be changed from 0 - 255 in the program which is uploaded to the microcontroller. As the PWM is changed, duty cycle also changes. Duty cycle is the percentage of the signal that is at high value.

2.) Dual Axis Tracker: The design is an Azimuthalaltitude dual axis tracker (AADAT). The main axis is vertical to the ground. The energy consumption of the motor was measured.

State of charge (SOC) = 1 —Depth of discharge (DOD)(3) 2.) Solar Module Sizing: Compute first for the peak solar hours in the area by getting the average irradiation for the whole year [1]. The peak solar hours are the number of hours that the 1000 W/m2 of irradiation is recorded.

(4) Figure 1. Complete figure of prototype.

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a.) Motor Driver Circuit: This circuit allows the motor to change its movement, either clockwise (CW) or in counter-clockwise direction (CCW) 3.) LED Lights: The LED load used in the prototype is 4 pieces of 1 meter 5630 SMD strip light with a total of 40W power rating. The computed LED load is based on the pedestrian requirements for a 110 lux from Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). Luminaires are mounted two meters above the ground.

4.) Light Dependent Resistors (LDR): These photosensors are used in two different ways. a.) LDR as automatic dimmer: One of the four LDRs function also for automatic dimming. The researchers measured the digital value read by the microcontroller in different times during sunset. As the surrounding light fades, the digital value increases. The researchers set the automatic dimmer to turn ON with the corresponding digital value while operating at certain PWM. For instance, on a certain time during sunset the digital reading could be 80. In the program, it will turn on with 50% duty cycle when the digital reading reaches 80. b.) LDR as solar sensors: There are four LDRs in the prototype. Two pairs of LDRs detect for a difference in voltage signals. If the microcontroller detects a significant difference on these sensors, it will send a signal to the motor driver to rotate the motors in a CW or CCW according to the program.

Start

PV Module gets power from the sun PV Module always faced directly to the sun by dual-axis tracking mechanism

Available power is increased Battery is being charged

Is it fully charged?

Dimmer will switch ON automatically the lights at night Light operates 4 hours at night

Is it 10 PM already?

End System Flow

Figure 2. Solar sensors on Solar Module.

5.) Charge controller: The charge controller used in the prototype is iTracer 2210RN. This will be used to determine the performance of the dual tracking system with MPPT feature. In the other test, the LS1024B charge controller is used which represents the test without an MPPT charge controller.

Equation (7) is used to determine the maximum power of the module at a different irradiance on the surroundings.

PMAX = FF Ă— VOC Ă— ISC

(7)

Where FF is the fill factor, VOC is the open circuit voltage of the solar module, and ISC is the short circuit current of solar module.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

To compare the performance of a stand-alone lighting system with a dual tracker mechanism to that of without a tracker, two set-ups in the prototype were performed. On the first part, there are two set-ups using solar module (a) with tracker (i) without MPPT, (ii) with MPPT; and (b) without tracker (i) without MPPT, (ii) with MPPT. Same outline is used in part 2 of this study for the performance of battery charging. In part 3, LED light (a) without auto-dimmer; and (b) with auto-dimmer is performed at night.

A. Part I: Performance of Solar Module

On this part, PV voltage and current were measured at the PV terminals of the charge controller.

For the charging voltage and current, it was measured on the battery terminal of the charge controller. The tests were performed in two consecutive days starting at 8AM to 5PM. For example, on the first day, parameters will be measured using without a tracker. On the following day, parameters will be measured with a tracker.

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TECHNICAL

Figures 3, 4 and 5 have shown that using a tracker and the MPPT charge controller, the current increases during the morning and sunset. The current reading with tracker was more consistent at 3 to 4 A. On the other hand, the current at morning and sunset was lower as compared without a tracker.

The following data were gathered on Apr 27 - 30 and May 2 and 4.

On table II, it shows the percent change increase in comparison to the solar module without tracker and without MPPT charge controller to the solar module with tracker and with MPPT. The percent increase is around 26% using equation (8).

(8) Table II. Available Current At Two Different Set Up

Current Available from Solar Module Without Tracker and Without MPPT Charge Controller

With Tracker and With MPPT Charge Controller

1

25.0185 Ah

32.6491 Ah

30.50%

2

26.3879 Ah

32.9117 Ah

24.72%

3

23.6266 Ah

28.9881 Ah

22.69%

Trial

Figure 3. Comparison of Current Values Without and With Tracker, trial 1.

Figure 4. Comparison of Current Values Without and With Tracker, trial 2.

Percent Change

The MPPT charge controller can accept 15 to 17V on the PV module terminals of the charge controller.

It decreases to 14V to match the battery voltage. The decrease in voltage increases the charging current.

The current was slightly boosted due to small extra voltage from the PV side of the charge controller. The performance of MPPT charge controller is best to use for large scale strings of solar modules.

Maximum power can be computed using equation (7). On the nameplate of the solar module, fill factor can be computed and so is the product of the VOC and ISC at different levels of irradiance to get the maximum power available. In Figure 10, the maximum power point on the charge controller was not exactly the same with the computed value.

Figure 5. Comparison of Current Values Without and With Tracker, trial 3.

Figure 6 shows the summary of the three trials during the experimentation in terms of available charge that the solar module could give to the battery.

Figure 7. Maximum Power at MPPT Charge Controller (Blue), and the Computed Maximum Power (Red).

Unwanted oscillations could occur while tracking the computed maximum power, especially in unstable weather conditions. These could be a loss when tracking the maximum power point.

Figure 6. Comparison of Available Current at Different Set Ups.

B. Part II: Performance of Battery Charging

The set-up on this part is the same with Part I. However, in this part, the rate of charge of the battery is observed. To be able to observe the rate of charge of the battery, it was charged starting at 8AM in the morning.

The battery’s state of charge started approximately at 30% in all trials. There is a 5-8 minutes waiting time before

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the battery voltage was measured for accuracy. This is to give way for the chemical reactions in the battery to attain equilibrium.

Based on Table III, the rate of charge is faster when there is a tracker and the MPPT charge controller.

It showed that at 5PM the battery is already 83.75%. The motors draw energy from the battery when there is a tracker, but the charging rate is still faster as compared without the tracker. The motors’ tracking mechanism do not contribute large losses in the system during charging based on the charging rate of the battery.

of duration to vary. Based on Table IV, the total charge consumption of the lighting system with auto-dimmer was less than the charge consumption of the lighting system without a dimmer. The percentage of reduced charge consumption is also shown on Table IV. Table IV. Total Charge Of Each Trial

Trial

Charge Consumption Without Automatic Dimmer

With Automatic Dimmer

1

11.90

10.74

2

11.88

10.27

3

11.86

10.30

Total

35.63

31.30

Percent change in charge consumption

Figure 8. Charging rate, trial 1

Figure 9. Charging rate, trial 2

Figure 10. Charging rate, trial 3 C. Part III: Charge Consumption of LED Lighting Load

The test on this part is the comparison of lighting system with and without automatic dimmer. The autodimmer is subjected to three state level of brightness which are 50%, 75% and 100% light output. During this test, it occurred that bad weather conditions affected the starting time of each level which causes the time

13.83%

IV. CONCLUSION

It was proven that the sizing of all equipment can be minimized when the dual-axis tracking system, MPPT charge controller and an auto-dimmer were used. The addition of the dual tracking system and the MPPT feature of the charge controller had improved the performance of the design. Having the tracker, the available power from the PV module increased to 30%. It was also proven that the motors’ consumption does not affect the charging process. On the other hand, the MPPT feature slightly boost the power as compared without the MPPT feature on small scale loads. Finally, the automatic dimmer installed in the lighting system successfully reduced the consumption of the battery for about 13.83%.

V. RECOMMENDATIONS

The irradiance data used in this paper was based from the area of Quezon City. The basis of irradiance of this paper would be better if the irradiance was measured along the testing site. Future researchers of this study are encouraged to use instruments such as pyranometer, phyreliometer and also Stoke’s sphere for measuring solar radiation around Manila area.

Furthermore, the reconstruction of the tracker is recommended to improve its durability to withstand extreme weather conditions such as typhoons. Also, corrosion can be avoided with additional coatings.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the Lord Almighty for giving us the strength to carry on with this challenging task in spite of several sleepless nights and for the wisdom to be able to formulate various ideas and concepts essential for the construction of this design.

We also want to thank Engr. Michael C. Pacis and Engr. Jesus M. Martinez Jr., the advisers of this research, for their assistance, motivation and for sharing their knowledge that enhanced and improved our different concerns regarding the project.

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TECHNICAL VII. REFERENCES 1] Daily Totals of Global Radiation, Quezon City, 2013 2] Zarmai, M. T., Ekere, N. N., Oduoza, C. F. and Amalu, E. H. (2014). A review of interconnection technologies for improved silicon solar cell photovoltaic module assembly 3] Ahmed, S., et al, (2013). "Design of a Solar Powered LED Street Light: Effect of Panel's Mounting Angle and Tracffic Sensing," pp.76 – 78 4] Tie, C. G., et al. (2011). “Advanced Materials Research,” pp.301 -303, 223 5] Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K., Sharifi, A.. “A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

January 2009. Pages 1800, 1800, 1804, 1806, & 1812 6] Sefa, I., Demirtas, M., Çolak, I.. “Application of One-

Axes sun Tracking System”. Energy Conversion and Management. 2009. Page 2710 7] Technology Insight Report Patent Insight Pro 8] http://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/using-leds 9] Catarius, A. and Cristiner, Mario (2010). AzimuthAltitude Dual Axis Tracker, pp.40 - 64 10] http://pureenergies.com/us/how-solar-works/solarpanel-efficiency 11] Rea, M. S. (2000). The IESNA Lighting Handbook Reference & Application, IESNA, 120 Wall St., 17th Floor, New York, NT 10005-4001 12] Mayfield, R. (2010). Photovoltaic Design & Installation for Dummies, 1st edition, Wiley Publishing Inc., Canada 13] Masters, G. (2004). Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, 1st edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

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