Edition 2 - Milestone - The IIT Bombay Racing Magazine

MILESTONE Editor in Chief

Aditya Shah Chief Designer

Sarthak Kanchan

Content Creators & Editors

Vidyut Balaji Jagadish A Nikhil Challapalli Aditya Shah Manisha Kopuri Kshitij Sovanee Nikita Dipali and Srushti Bhamare Yash Mitkari Raj Kumar Design Team

Sharvil Survase Aditya Parekh Sanat Prasad Limesh Verma Sarthak Rao Contact us Website : www.iitbracing.org Aditya Shah – Head of Marketing +91-6354398667 Email : aditya.shah@iitbracing.org marketing@iitbombayracing.org

Address IIT Bombay Racing Department of Mechanical Engineering IIT Bombay, Powai Mumbai - 400076, INDIA

CONTENTS CURRENT AFFAIRS.

FROM THE DRIVER’S SEAT

TECH & TRIVIA

01

Working Our Way Around COVID

05

COVID And Racing

09

Zandvoort : A Circuit Overview

13

MAHLE - 100 Years Of PionerGeist

17

Getting Real With A Racer

21

Ayrton Senna - A Brandishing Blitzkrieg

27

But What Exactly, Is A Pitstop?

31

Innovation Knows No Boundaries

35

What Makes A Racecar Go Faster?

39

Our Sponsors

MILESTONE

Working Our Way Around COVID-19

Vidyut Balaji

I

IT Bombay Racing is an entirely student-run team that is continually developing new solutions with one single goal in mind: to make an electric car. One, that, in combination with the driver, travels the distance of a circuit in an amount of time shorter than any other driver/vehicle combination present in the race venue on the day.

We are proud to announce our victory in the Engineering Design Event of the Formula Student UK Competition of 2020. We owe this success to our team members, past and present, and our sponsors, notably NRB Bearings and Mahle.

This year the competition was entirely virtual, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has hit the process of reaching our goal in many ways, and we are tirelessly developing ways to work around it.

Building a Racecar consists of several complicated steps, including ideation, design, development, and testing. Each of these steps requires tremendous amounts of collaboration from several groups of people, including judges, experts, past and present team members, critics, observers and so on.

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IIT BOMBAY RACING

The pandemic has primarily hit our ideation and design phases. Team communication has been the single biggest challenge that we have faced so far. Typically, the design process is a series of brainstorming sessions. And, pre-pandemic, every night from 9 pm to 12 am, we would gather in one of our lecture KDOOV LGHDWH DQG GLVFXVV QHZ PRGLĂ€FDWLRQV WR WKH FDU Doing this in a socially distant, virtual environment GHPDQGHG D VLJQLĂ€FDQW OHDUQLQJ FXUYH $GGLWLRQDOO\ making sure that all design engineers are available virtually and simultaneously, and that everyone is as productive as possible remotely, has also been a steep learning curve.

Nonetheless, we are learning to cope with the new system and have found several alternatives to get the best out of working from home. We hold regular virtual conferences, and we have all aligned our working hours to pre-pandemic ones, from 9 pm to 12 am. Everyone makes their best effort to be available on time, and these sessions have proven useful to answer questions and clear each one’s doubts. The frequency of our meetings has also increased drastically. The spread of information has also increased, allowing design engineers from one subsystem to learn more about other subsystems.

Many things have contributed to creating this information super-highway in this team. Even VRPHWKLQJ DV VLPSOH DV VKDULQJ ÀOHV DPRQJVW HDFK other to run simulations has enabled collaboration like never before.

8QGRXEWHGO\ IDFH WLPH KDV UHGXFHG VLJQLĂ€FDQWO\ GXH to the pandemic.

However, we compensate for the lack of face-to-face interaction with the quality and frequency with which we share information digitally, and our seamless data and information sharing practices.

“This extra year has allowed us to rethink every aspect of the IIT Bombay Racing racecar from design, to construction, to race day features.�

MILESTONE

What does all this mean for our car? As a direct impact of the pandemic, we are currently designing the car for 2022 and not 2021. This extra year has allowed us to rethink every aspect of the IIT Bombay Racing racecar from design, to construction, to race day features.

to over-designing lend itself to virtual design and

This work-from-home environment has allowed us to rethink the design through a research lens.

We have invested a great deal of time to research and identify solutions that help virtually test and prototype various parts of the car, e.g. Software like ANSYS for structural simulations, SimScale for Aerodynamic Simulations, MATLAB for Vehicle Dynamics, Solidworks and OptimumLap. These virtual platforms have allowed us to test several more designs than previously, whilst also saving time and cost of testing. In the off chance that a part does not

have allowed us to test several more designs than previously, whilst also saving time and cost of testing�

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IIT BOMBAY RACING

Another fallout of the pandemic is knowledge sharing and documentation. However, there is a silver lining.

We’ve found, that in general, more members of the team have been exposed to a broader aspect of the car, resulting in a homogenous, in-depth and structured knowledge of the vehicle across subsystems and collaboration between various subsystems of IIT-B Racing.

Documentation of research and build processes has increased substantially. This documentation is needed to share knowledge between team members to enable

The pandemic and the ensuing lockdown have meant that past and current members of the team have had more time to interact and transition knowledge. ` While the pandemic has had a debilitating effect on every aspect of our lives, the IIT Bombay Racing team has found innovative ways to continue its mission to build the world’s fastest electric race car. Kudos to the effort of every team member, past and present, and the mentors for their dedication and persistence to make this happen.

wheel for new members and teams to come.

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MILESTONE

COVID and Racing

by Jagadish A

C

onsidering how making a racecar is very handson and “heavy� in comparison to, say, making autonomous drones and is really near impossible in this terrible pandemic, right now you might be thinking “Wow! I now have a really good idea of how this pandemic has affected the IITB Racing team and how they are working through it!�. To all of you who are thinking that, great job, keep going. To those that aren’t thinking that, think about it now. To continue on your truly interesting monologue here, “But why are they even doing all this? It’s not like they have to worry about the competition during the pandemic�.

And that’s where you’re wrong.

LQ D FRPSHWLWLRQ YLUWXDOO\ ÀUVW ZH PXVW XQGHUVWDQG WKH FRPSHWLWLRQ LWVHOI 7KH VWDQGDUG )RUPXOD 6WXGHQW competition consists of two kinds of events: static events and dynamic events.

“...for the first time ever, Formula Student UK was held ‘virtually’.�

Just because the pandemic has hit us hard doesn’t mean that we should discontinue the competition.

After all, 2020 can’t be full of bad things. In the spirit RI WKH FRPSHWLWLRQ IRU WKH Ă€UVW WLPH HYHU )RUPXOD Student UK was held ‘virtually’. What does that mean? Well, to understand what it means to take part

“Static events are events that don’t require much action from the car. Yet there IS a lot of action...�

Static events are events that don’t require much action from the car. Yet there IS a lot of action - marketing, ÀQDQFH DQG GHVLJQ SUHVHQWDWLRQ DFWLRQ WKDW LV 8VLQJ QXPEHUV ÀJXUHV FKDUWV DQG D JHQHURXV KHOSLQJ RI LQ depth explanations on everything about the car, the team presents to a panel of judges. If we want to get DEVROXWHO\ VSHFLÀF WKLV LQYROYHV LQ GHFUHDVLQJ RUGHU of weightage) the Engineering Design presentation which involves highly technical explanations for why every part of the car was planned the way it has been, the Cost & Manufacturing presentation which goes

5

IIT BOMBAY RACING

into the details of actualising the designs presented DQG GRLQJ LW LQ WKH PRVW FRVW HIIHFWLYH ZD\ DQG ÀQDOO\ the Business Plan presentation which the team uses to explain to the judges how they would effectively market the car and how they would to sell it to the world.

“The virtual competition, for obvious reasons, largely focuses on the static events...�

Dynamic events are events that require the car to GR ZHOO FDU WKLQJV LI \RX JXHVVHG WKLV \RX JHW D cookie). Essentially, these events test the car and it’s capacity to be a racecar in every sense possible. To get VSHFLÀF RQFH DJDLQ WKLV LQYROYHV LQ GHFUHDVLQJ RUGHU of weightage) the Endurance run which is the most exciting and celebrated part of the event requiring the car to run for about 22 km showcasing what the car is really capable of while also being scored for HIÀFLHQF\ WKH $XWRFURVV ZKLFK LV D UDFHWUDFN WKDW tests the handling capabilities of the car, the Skidpad ZKLFK LV HVVHQWLDOO\ D UDFHWUDFN EXW DV D ÀJXUH RI HLJKW and the Acceleration track whichis a straight track LQWHQW RQ WHVWLQJ KRZ IDVW WKH FDU FDQ JR LQ D À[HG distance.

The virtual competition, for obvious reasons, largely focuses on the static events as they would usually normally occur and scores as well as ranks teams based on that. Reading this you might think to yourself again “Wait, how can a racing competition have no racing?�. And I am here to tell you that there WAS racing, well.. no “real� racing, but in the spirit of the competition, there was a virtual, VLPXODWHG \HV WHFKQLFDOO\ YLGHR JDPH OLNH UDFLQJ aspect to the competition. Obviously this was done as an exhibition event and to remind the teams what the competition was really about. This “virtually dynamic� event wasn’t taken into consideration for WKH WHDP UDQNLQJV DQG VFRULQJ 7KH IRONV DW )RUPXOD Student would leave things like that to the eSports industry.

6

MILESTONE

For FSUK 2020, the virtual competition involved all the teams submitting their static event presentations for evaluation to the competition followed by a live Q&A session with the judges. In usual years, since the dynamic events are given high weightage in determining team rankings, most teams focus heavily on these dynamic events. But since FSUK 2020 was held virtually, the spotlight was dramatically shifted to the static events, making them the only events important for scoring and ranking.

“At FSUK 2020, the IITB Racing team did spectacularly...”

At FSUK 2020, the IITB Racing team did spectacularly, which is different from the team’s usual record in static events. Owing to the shift in focus to static events, the team prepared more than we have ever before for any static events. We made very structured timelines to cover everything ever about the statics and be as prepared as we could to the point where we didn’t need to make any changes in the days

7

leading up to the competition. We ended up winning 1st place in the design presentation and secured 21st position in the business presentation.

For the IITB Racing team, the recent virtual lot of fresh learning experiences. We have an effective strategy to tackle the static events now and have proven to ourselves that we are capable of materialising this success again. But, we’ve also irrecoverably lost out on a lot of invaluable learning that the usual competition brings. In times of the usual competition, the team for months and months) to the test and push it to it’s absolute limit. Apart from the judge’s feedback that we receive in the static events, this data is often seen as the most important data they collect from the competition, because here we get to see the degree of intersection of all our theory, research, planning and design with practicality and true performance.

While I’m sure all of us agree that the pandemic has been hell to live through and that the sudden shift of the way that the world works has been a real pain in the butt, the world cannot just pause and wait for things

IIT BOMBAY RACING

to be comfortable once again to resume turning the gears of human society. While it has always been a part of primitive and base human nature to resist change, humans have pushed past this limiting and primitive instinct and have always adapted to situations irrespective of the odds stacked against us and making the best of it. The IITB Racing team and Formula Student are shining examples of this exact and inspiring aspect of human character.

To quote Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley “Nothing is so painful to the human mind as a great and sudden change.” This would be incomplete without including, “Nothing more joyous to the human mind than to successfully take action in the face of a challenging adversary like sudden change”.

8

MILESTONE

Zandvoort: Circuit Overview

Nikhil Challapalli

Arie Liuendyk, Hugenholtz!

N

o, that’s not a Harry Potter spell. Those are the names of the two crazily banked corners at =DQGYRRUW &UD]\ 'XWFK QDPHV DVLGH ) LV ÀQDOO\ back for the Dutch GP after a 35-year hiatus. Or at least was supposed to be. Sorry guys (and gals), you’ll KDYH WR ZDLW IRU D \HDU PRUH WR ZDWFK WKRVH VSDUNV à \ all around.

Circuit Zandvoort is located in the dunes in the north of Zandvort, Netherlands east the coast line.

Zandvoort is know for two things, its racetrack and WKH EHDFK ZKDW D FRPELQDWLRQ /LNH 6LOYHUVWRQH Zandvoort too, was born out of motorsport enthusiasm post World War II. But unlike Silverstone, ZKLFK ZDV ERUQ RXW RI DQ DLUĂ€HOG =DQGYRRUW LV D mix of permanent track and road elements. The track ZDV LQVSLUHG E\ WKH XQGXODWLQJ Ă DW RXW (DX 5RXJH DQG 5DLGLOORQ DW 6SD )UDQFRUFKDPSV DQG WKH IDVW paced sweep of Maggots, Becketts and Chapel at Silverstone. A walk around the circuit reveals all the similarities. But unlike the Circuit of the Americas, Zandvoort has its own distinct character. In no way does it feel like a ‘copy’. The Dutch GP took place at

Zandvoort almost every year between 1950 and 1985, but lack of funds led to the end of the era.

What changed? The previous version of the track was by no means boring. But given the tight nature of the track and the ever-growing dominance of the Mercs, overtaking had become really tough. Because of the protected sand dunes all around the circuit, it isn’t easy to expand the circuit. This results in a tight

Gilles Villeneuve, Zandvoort, 1979

9

IIT BOMBAY RACING ÀUVW VHFWRU ZKLFK WHVWV WKH GULYHUV¡ KDQGOLQJ DELOLW\ to the peak. The newly banked turn 14 hopes to FUHDWH D à DW RXW FRUQHU ZLWK '56 RSHQ )RUJHW '56 D GHJUHH à DW RXW WXUQ LV XQKHDUG RI 7KLV would theoretically result in much better overtaking opportunities when braking for turn 1 (trust me, I tried it on a sim). But again, the banking brings problems of its own. F1 cars aren’t really built to sustain a EDQNLQJ OLNH WKDW 7HDPV ZLOO KDYH WR ÀJXUH RXW W\UH VXVSHQVLRQ DQG DOO NLQGV RI VHWWLQJV :KLOH RIÀFLDO F1 tyre supplier Pirelli are testing out new reinforced tyres with higher pressure, such is the safety of F1 these days that the existing Pirelli rubber can make those crazy twists and turns without breaking a sweat.

While turn 14 has been the talk of the internet, let’s not forget that turn 3 has the same inclination – 19 GHJUHHV 7KDW¡V ERQNHUV 7R SXW WKDW LQWR FRQWH[W LW is double the banking of the renowned Indianapolis Speedway. While banked turns haven’t been very common in modern F1, there have been quite a few such circuits in the past like the now defunct Monza Oval, Sitges-Terramar and Ehra-Lessien (Bugatti’s test track), to name a few. All of these are said to have contributed to the design of turn 14.

5DOI 6FKXPDFKHU¡V KLJK VSHHG FUDVK DW WKH GHJUHH banking at the Indianapolis US GP is still fresh in everyone’s memory. It’ll be interesting to see how bold the drivers are come race day.

Circuit Zandvoort, North Holland, Netherlands

Okay, we are getting carried away again. Turn 14 IS NOT all there is to Zandvoort. The circuit is pretty technical with a few tight corners and high-speed not-so-straight straights. A better handling setup for WKH WLJKWHU WXUQV ZRXOG UHVXOW LQ D FRPSURPLVH RQ WKH VWUDLJKWV )XUWKHU WKH EDQNHG WXUQV LQ WKH ÀUVW sector mean that there’s no one racing line. The team VWUDWHJLHV DUH VXUH JRLQJ WR KDYH D KDUG WLPH ÀJXULQJ out what’s best. The asphalt on the banking is a bespoke mix resulting in fewer marbles coming off the tyres, leading to various lines through the corner.

With high downforce modern F1 cars, it’s only going to get much more interesting. Expect to see a whole ORW RI RYHUWDNLQJ RYHU WKHUH $OVR WKH QHZ '56 ]RQH is sure to add a new element of uncertainty.

MILESTONE

“[For] Turn 3, we did all the design with a focus in mind, you need it to be scary to drive. The drivers will need to understand which is the fastest line. There will be a difference in only one corner of up to one second per lap, depending on the set-up, the line they’re taking, the conditions of the asphalt, the part of the race you’re racing in and the courage of the driver,� says Dromo founder Jarno Zaffelli. For the uninitiated, Dromo Circuit Design is the company that designed this one hell of a circuit. From my decent sim experience, I must confess, this technical section is the best part of the track.

11

Feels like one of those crazy roller coasters, turned up to eleven. And that’s without all those G-forces RQ P\ ERG\ 7KH ÀUVW VHFWRU LV IXOO RI YDULDWLRQV PD[ out, brake hard, come down, turn left on the banking, JR XS DJDLQ 7KHVH ) FDUV DUH H[SHFWHG WR UHDFK NP K IURP WXUQ WR LWVHOI DQG WKDW¡V QRW HYHQ D VWUDLJKW :LWK VXFK GUDVWLF HOHYDWLRQ FKDQJHV DQG banks, the asphalt is rarely very smooth. This results in the already low F1 cars bottoming out quite often producing splendid sparks. And if there’s anything WKDW VOLJKWO\ FRPSHQVDWHV IRU WKH ODFN RI WKH 9 URDU LQ PRGHUQ ) LW¡V WKHVH VSDUNV

IIT BOMBAY RACING While we’ve seen some amazing new circuits over the past couple of decades like the sorts of Istanbul, Baku and Bahrain, it’s the old circuits with jaw-dropping elevation changes and the risk no object corners that are seeing resurgence. And Zandvoort very much embodies the heart and soul of such tracks. The lack of proper run-off areas at most corners is sure to be a hit among the F1 ‘purists’. The fact that many of the corners are named after deceased historic drivers is a testament to the risks of racing and Zandvoort in particular.

One person who’s very much eager to race at Zandvoort is the Dutch hero, Max Verstappen. It is said that the rise of the Dutchman is one of the reasons for reviving this iconic circuit. With a track OHQJWK VLJQLÀFDQWO\ VKRUWHU WKDQ RWKHUV WKH IDQV ZLOO surely have a blast with cars whizzing past and sparks all around.

“One person who’s very much eager to race at Zandvoort is the Dutch hero, Max Verstappen.�

RedBull’s 2012 RB8 parked in the #DutchGrandParking

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MILESTONE

by Aditya Shah 13

IIT BOMBAY RACING

Shaping the future with innovative strength

M

AHLE GmbH is a German automotive parts manufacturer, headquartered in Stuttgart. It happens to be one of the largest companies of its kind across the globe, and its operations span across 160+ plants worldwide, manned by over 80000 employees.

However, giant companies like this don’t fall from the sky. They’re built over decades with blood and sweat, and for MAHLE, it just completed ten of those decades this year. That’s right. MAHLE GmbH turns 100 in December 2020.

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MILESTONE Being engineers ourselves, we couldn’t helpbut appreciate MAHLE’s achievement and decided to look at how they got to where they are now.So this is it, the story of the birth of a giant; one whose impact on modern engineering cannot be disparaged from any perspective.

It all started on the 1st of December, 1920, when Hellmuth Hirth realised he needed commercial support to develop his two-stroke engines in Stuttgart.

This is the day that Hermann Mahle decided to begin work with Hirth, and is considered the birthday of the MAHLE group.On the 1st of November 1922, Hermann Mahle’s brother, Ernst Mahle, joined the factory as Head of Engineering. In 1924 the company merged with Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, the inventors of the magnesium alloy Elektron, and was renamed Elektronmetall GmbH. Its previous name, Versuchsbau Hellmuth Hirth, was retired. ,Q WKH FRPSDQ\ GHYHORSHG WKH ÀUVW FRWUROOHG H[SDQVLRQ SLVWRQ DQG LQ WKH ZRUOG¡V ÀUVW aluminium ring carrier piston for Diesel engines. These ZHUH VLJQLÀFDQW PLOHVWRQHV LQ SLVWRQ WHFKQRORJ\ DQG paved the way for further advancements. In 1938, the company was renamed yet again. This time, it was christened MAHLE KG, and the new logo was created.

1938: The firm Elektronmetall GmbH, Stuttgart-Cannstatt becomes MAHLE KG

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MAHLE, South America

Hermann (right) and Dr. Ernst Mahle (left), image from 1938

The company was steadily expanding, such that before WWII, it was the only company in Germany manufacturing Die-Cast magnesium alloy products.

After the war, the company went into a developmental spree, creating and launching multiple new products, including Chromal surface coatings, among others.

The company was privately held until 1963. This changed in the following year, as the founders decided to renounce their private ownership for SXEOLF EHQHĂ€W 7KH\ VHW XS D IRXQGDWLRQ FDOOHG WKH MAHLE Foundation, and relinquished their shares to the foundation.

Since then, MAHLE has been consistently developing new and improved products, and today, they are SLRQHHUV IRU WKH HIÀFLHQW PRELOLW\ RI WRPRUURZ Their innovative solutions continue to set new VWDQGDUGV LQ WKH ÀHOG RI $OWHUQDWLYH 'ULYHWUDLQV DQG the optimisation of Internal Combustion engines.

In the late nineties, Mahle decided to go global, and started with the USA, followed by Brazil. It chose to cooperate with international licensees, as opposed to building company-owned plants across the globe.

IIT BOMBAY RACING

With the new millennium, came a host of opportunities for MAHLE. In 2003, they made their ÀUVW FRPSOHWH HQJLQH 7KH KLJK VSHHG IRXU VWURNH inline engine, with a completely novel overall structure and aluminium design. This showed the world that MAHLE now produced more engine components than any other manufacturer in the world. MAHLE has won numerous awards and accolades over the years, including the German Design Award in Excellent Product Design - Conceptional Transport Category, for its urban vehicle concept called 0((7 0$+/( (IÀFLHQW (OHFWULF 7UDQVSRUW $OO this is great, but why should we care? I mean. We at IIT Bombay Racing make a racecar. What could we possibly have to do with a produces parts for consumer automobiles? That’s the thing. MAHLE isn’t a company that only produces parts for consumer automobiles. It does more. Way more. MAHLE has been in racing, longer than we have been breathing.

About twice as long to be precise. For the past 40 years, MAHLE has been lending its expertise to the Scuderia Ferrari Formula One Team. With its industrial know-how, MAHLE Motorsport has placed an indelible mark on the history of motorsport. Not only Ferrari. In 2018, MAHLE sponsored the Rally Nova Gorica in Slovenia. This rally was combined with the Eco Rally of vehicles with new technologies.

This fully resonated with MAHLE’s dual strategy Technological Advancement and Motorsport, and environmental sustainability.

Information Source: MAHLE GmbH, Wikipedia.org

This is where we come in. In 2019, we inked a deal with MAHLE India for them to lend us their limitless expertise in building our racecar. We banked on our similarities in ideology, and our mutual motivation to promote technological innovation and sustainable mobility. This deal made MAHLE our Platinum Sponsor and has borne enormous dividends for the IIT Bombay Racing Team.

Today, MAHLE continues to be one of the largest global automotive parts suppliers, and continues to reinforce its position in their core ICE business, while simultaneously looking towards and shaping the future of mobility.

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MILESTONE

Getting real with a racer

Saurav Bandyopadhyay

by Manisha Kopuri

A

typical human being takes a decision every two seconds, but any driver takes at least ten-odd decisions within a millisecond in any race. The adrenaline rush when it comes to watching is multiplied by an LQÀQLWH IROG ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR QRW WKLQNLQJ DERXW WKH lacquering, rubbing down, and blipping down the WKURWWOH DOO RI WKLV NHHSLQJ LQ PLQG WKDW WKH FRVW RI D VLQJOH PLVWDNH LV \RXU RZQ OLIH :H DW ,,7 %RPED\ 5DFLQJ VSRNH WR 6DXUDY %DQG\RSDGK\D\ D UHDO OLIH UDFHFDU GULYHU +HUH·V ZKDW KH KDG WR WHOO RI KRZ KH RYHUFRPHV GHDWK·V IHDU ZLWK WKH WKULOO RI VSHHG

Where did it all start? $V D NLG , OLNHG )RUPXOD ZDV MXVW D IDQ DQG KDG QR FOXH KRZ WR JR DERXW LW %XW WKHQ , WKRXJKW , OLNH WKLV VR PXFK VR , VKRXOG EH GRLQJ WKLV , VLJQHG XS IRU some local competition started driving in some local NDUWLQJ WUDFNV /DWHU , PHW D EXQFK RI HQWKXVLDVWV OLNH me.

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They were decently trained drivers and knew NDUWLQJ :H DOO XVHG WR VDYH SRFNHW PRQH\ DQG JR RQ weekends to do some karting. As days passed, this QHZO\ IRXQG KREE\ KDG WXUQHG LQWR WKLV REVHVVLRQ RI XV ZDQWLQJ WR GR VRPHWKLQJ VHYHUH DQG ELJ :H FDPH WR NQRZ DERXW WKLV QDWLRQDO FRPSHWLWLRQ DQG ZH MXVW VKRZHG XS WKHUH DQG SDUWLFLSDWHG :H GLG RND\LVK DQG ZH ZHUH DOVR YHU\ LQWLPLGDWHG DIWHU VHHLQJ DOO WKH WUDLQHG SURIHVVLRQDOV ZLWK VSHFLDO HTXLSPHQW 7KDW ZDV ZKHUH , PHW P\ FRDFK 0U 5D\RPDQG %DQDUMHH 0HHWLQJ VLU RQ WKDW GD\ LV ZKHQ WKLV OLNLQJ IRU UDFLQJ KDV EHHQ QXUWXUHG DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR WKH SDVVLRQ driving me ever since. , VORZO\ PRYHG RQ WR FDUV , ZDV SHUIRUPLQJ ZHOO EXW , UHDOL]HG , ZRXOG VRRQ UXQ RXW RI PRQH\ DOEHLW P\ SDUHQWV ZHUH DOZD\V VXSSRUWLQJ PH , GLG JHW D sponsor, but as the expenses went up, it was quickly JHWWLQJ WRXJK , KDG WR PDLQWDLQ D EDODQFH RI EHLQJ D good athlete and sponsor hunting.

IIT BOMBAY RACING )RU D ZKLOH ZKHQ , ZDV VWLOO NDUWLQJ , XVHG WR ZRUN IRU P\ WHDP VWDUWLQJ LQ FROOHJH DQG JR IRU UDFHV ZLWK WKHP WR YDULRXV SODFHV RXW RI WRZQ EHFDXVH , ZDV WU\LQJ WR FXW GRZQ P\ H[SHQVHV E\ ZRUNLQJ IRU P\ team. So, it’s hard to make it work because eventually, , UDQ RXW RI PRQH\ DQG , ZDV OHIW ZLWK QR FKRLFH EXW WR WDNH D IRXU\HDU ORQJ EUHDN 1RZ ,·P EDFN DQG ,·P DEOH WR IXQG P\VHOI , ZRUN DOO \HDU URXQG WR PDNH VXUH WKDW , FDQ DOZD\V EH UDFLQJ 2Q WRS RI DOO WKLV , KDYH WR UHPDLQ ÀW DQG NHHS EXLOGLQJ RQ P\ VNLOOV WR ZLQ DQG FRQWLQXH %XW WKH ORYH IRU UDFLQJ GURYH PH XQWLO QRZ DQG PDNHV PH SURXGO\ VD\ ´, ZDQW WR UDFH DQG , ZDQW WR ZLQ µ

The beginner’s guide to exciting races $ ORW RI H[FLWLQJ UDFHV WR ZDWFK DSDUW IUR ) EHFDXVH )RUPXOD RQH JHWV ERULQJ VRPHWLPHV IRU DEVROXWH EXW RQH VKRXOG ZDWFK ) EHFDXVH LW·V WKH EHVW WHOHYLVHG race. As an engineer, there are many stats that they give out, which help you understand it is what it is, and you’ll be able to analyze what exactly happens.

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Mohite Clinches 2018 Ameo Cup 18

MILESTONE

Being a Racecar Driver ,W ZRXOG EH EHVW LI \RX DUH DGDPDQW PHQWDOO\ DV , PHQWLRQHG WKH PRYH IURP .DUWV WR FDUV PDNHV WKH H[SHQVH VKRRW XS 6R DSDUW IURP SUDFWLVLQJ DQG LPSURYLQJ WKH VNLOOV \RX DOVR QHHG WR ÀJXUH RXW KRZ \RX¡UH JRLQJ WR IXQG \RXUVHOI WR FDUU\ RQ 7KH ÀQDQFLDO FUXQFK LV WKH DGGHG SUHVVXUH LQ motorsport owing to the expense that is attached to it.

You have to be smart in monetary terms because, in PRVW RI WKH XVXDO VSRUWV WKH IXQGLQJ DGGV WR \RXU income and is not explicitly spent on your training or WKH HTXLSPHQW ,Q PRWRUVSRUW DOPRVW WKH HQWLUHW\ RI your earnings goes into the racing, and you have to SODQ WKLQJV LQ \RXU VSRUW DQG OLIH WR VWULNH D SHUIHFW balance between the two. The track time again is costly, VR \RX GRQ¡W JHW WR SUDFWLFH D ORW ,Q WKDW VLWXDWLRQ ZH ORRN IRU WKH EHVW ZD\ RXW DQG DQ H[FHOOHQW WHFKQLTXH WKDW KDV EHHQ DURXQG IRU WHQ \HDUV QRZ LV WKH VLPXODWRU DSSURDFK , SUDFWLFH HYHU\ GD\ ZLWK VRPH UDFLQJ JDPHV RQ WKDW VLPXODWRU EHFDXVH , Ă&#x20AC;UPO\ EHOLHYH WKDW UHJXODU SUDFWLFH PDNHV D VHYHUH DWKOHWH D JUHDW SHUIRUPHU Another aspect that is unique to racing is that you QHYHU JHW D EUHDN XQOLNH DQ\ RI WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO VSRUWV ,Q UDFLQJ \RX¡UH 21 $OO WKH WLPH <RX QHHG WR EH IXOO\ FKDUJHG DQG IXOO\ SUHSDUHG WR WDNH WKH KHDW ZLWKRXW VWRSSLQJ 7KHUH LV QR UHVWLQJ SHULRG IRU \RXU PLQG <RX QHHG WR EH LQFUHGLEO\ IRFXVVHG DQG \RX QHHG WR KDYH D WRXJK PHQWDOLW\ WR NHHS XS WKDW IRFXV throughout. $OO RI WKLV NQRZLQJ WKDW DQ\ PLVWDNH \RX PDNH PLJKW WDNH D WROO RQ \RXU YHU\ OLIH $OO RI WKLV DGGV XS WR WKH SUHVVXUH WR QRW MXVW UDFH EXW \RX ZDQW WR SHUIRUP ZHOO 7R GR DOO RI WKLV LV LQFUHGLEO\ FKDOOHQJLQJ DQG WKH FKDOOHQJH LV ZKDW NHHSV LW VR YHU\ DOLYH 7KH Ă LSVLGH WR WKLV LV WKDW QRW PDQ\ WDNH WKH SOXQJH and those who do so tend to drop out as they cannot PDQDJH WKHVH WKLQJV 6R WKH Ă&#x20AC;OWUDWLRQ WKDW KDSSHQV is excellent, and sticking to it longer will help you do better. ,W DOVR EXLOGV \RX DV D SHUVRQ LQ DOO DVSHFWV RI OLIH 1RZ ZKHQ , VHH KRZ , PDQDJH WKH RWKHU SDUW RI P\ OLIH WKH EXVLQHVV WKDW ,¡P LQYROYHG LQ , IHHO ,¡P H[FHSWLRQDOO\ prepared mentally and emotionally, So, racing makes RQH PRUH HTXLSSHG LQ OLIH WR GR DQ\WKLQJ DSDUW IURP racing as well.

19

MRF Challenge 2020, chennai

IIT BOMBAY RACING

Extreme sport and the fears attached to it ,Q NDUWV , ZDVQ¡W VFDUHG EHFDXVH WKH\ DUHQ¡W WKDW IDVW %XW HYHQWXDOO\ ZKHQ , VKLIWHG WR PRUH FORVHG WUDFNV , ZDV DIUDLG EHFDXVH \RX DUH VXGGHQO\ PRYLQJ LQWR VRPHWKLQJ PXFK IDVWHU <RXU EUDLQ KDV WR SURFHVV D ORW PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ EHFDXVH RI WKH VSHHG DQG HYHU\WKLQJ HOVH %XW WKHQ DIWHU D IHZ GD\V RI GULYLQJ \RX JHW XVHG WR LW DQG HYHQWXDOO\ you end up getting bored with it as well and keep WKLQNLQJ :KDW¡V 1H[W"" :KDW GR , XSJUDGH WR DQG ZKDW FDQ EH IDVWHU WKDQ WKLV" , GLG FUDVK DQG , ZUHFNHG WKH FDU , ZDV XWWHUO\ shaken and couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sleep that night, the next night, DQG WKH QLJKW DIWHU WKDW 7KH QH[W GD\ P\ FRDFK WROG PH MXVW RQH WKLQJ ´/RRN LI \RX OHW WKH IHDU VHWWOH LQ LW ZLOO 67$< 6R LI \RX ZDQW WR FRQWLQXH JHW EDFN LQ WKH FDUÂľ 6R , ZHQW EDFN WKH QH[W GD\ EXW WKLV WLPH , GURYH VORZHU DQG PRUH FDXWLRXVO\ 2QFH , JRW EDFN , FRXOG JHW RYHU DOO P\ IHDUV DQG , UHDOL]HG LI , OHW WKH IHDU VLQN LQ LW¡OO ZRUVHQ VR \RX JHW RQ ZLWK LW <RX SUD\ DQG JHW RQ ZLWK LW DQG GUDZ HQHUJ\ IURP D source that keeps you going.

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Message Get involved in everything while racing and studying KDUG , ZDV DOZD\V à DW RXW GRLQJ HYHU\WKLQJ HYHU\ GD\ The more you do, the more understanding you have RI ZKDW \RX OLNH DQG ZKDW \RX GRQ¡W OLNH 7KLV ZKROH exercise makes sure your mind is being stretched all WKH WLPH ,W ZLOO HQKDQFH \RXU SHUIRUPDQFH <RX ZLOO KDYH IXQ GRLQJ VR DQG RQH VKRXOG DOVR UHDOL]H WKDW D RQH GLPHQVLRQDO DSSURDFK WR OLIH ZLOO QRW DFTXDLQW \RX ZLWK WKH YDULRXV VLWXDWLRQV \RX ZLOO IDFH LQ OLIH So always keep exploring and exceeding the barriers WKDW \RX VHW IRU \RXUVHOI

20

MILESTONE

Ayrton Senna Kshitij Sovanee Venue: Dallas, US Grand Prix.

Season: 1984

He spun out of the race early but was quickly able

WR ZRUN KLV ZD\ EDFN +H ZDV H\LQJ IRU D VWURQJ Ă&#x20AC;QLVK EXW KH WKHQ KLW D ZDOO DQG GDPDJHG WKH ZKHHO IRUFLQJ him to retire. When he was questioned by the team RZQHUV KH SURYLGHG WKH XQEHOLHYDEOH UHDVRQ WKDW WKH ZDOO KDG LQ IDFW PRYHG D IHZ PLOOLPHWUHV VLQFH KH ODVW SDVVHG LW LQ WKH SUHYLRXV ODS 6WUDQJH ULJKW" :KR HYHQ ERWKHUV DERXW D IHZ PLOOLPHWUHV" %XW RQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LW ZDV LQGHHG IRXQG WR EH WKH FDVH 3HUSOH[HG" <HV WKLV LV D UHDO VWRU\ An example of his uncanny judgement and spot-on SUHFLVLRQ WKLV LV WKH VWRU\ RI QRQH RWKHU WKDQ WKH youngest triple World Champion in F1 history- Ayrton 6HQQD $\UWRQ 6HQQD GD 6LOYD ERUQ 0DUFK LV FRQVLGHUHG WR EH RQH RI WKH PRVW LQĂ XHQWLDO DQG FKDULVPDWLF GULYHUV RI DOO WLPH D PDQ RI SKHQRPHQDO FRQYLFWLRQ DQG EUHDWKWDNLQJ VNLOO 6HQQD ZDV WKH PLGGOH FKLOG RI D ZHDOWK\ %UD]LOLDQ IDPLO\ DQG HQMR\HG D SULYLOHJHG XSEULQJLQJ +H ZDV KLJKO\ DWKOHWLF DQG H[FHOOHG LQ D YDULHW\ RI SK\VLFDOO\ LQWHQVLYH VSRUWV +LV LQWHUHVW LQ UDFLQJ EHJDQ ZLWK KLV

21

LQIDWXDWLRQ IRU D PLQL JR NDUW KLV IDWKHU JDYH KLP DW IRXU \HDUV RI DJH +H VWDUWHG UDFLQJ DW ,QWHUODJRV DQG HQWHUHG KLV Ă&#x20AC;UVW NDUWLQJ FRPSHWLWLRQ DW WKH DJH RI WKLUWHHQ +LV IDWKHU VXSSRUWHG KLP IXOO\ DQG KH ZDV VRRQ PDQDJHG E\ /XFLR 3DVFDO *DVFRQ ZKR SURYHG LQVWUXPHQWDO LQ KDUYHVWLQJ 6HQQD¡V WDOHQW ,Q 6HQQD YHQWXUHG LQWR WKH ZRUOG RI VLQJOH VHDWHU racing winning multiple races with the Van Diemen WHDP 'HVSLWH WKLV KH GLG QRW EHOLHYH KH ZRXOG FRQWLQXH DV D SURIHVVLRQDO UDFHU KRZHYHU D IHZ PRUH FKDPSLRQVKLS ZLQV ODWHU KH GLYRUFHG KLV \RXQJ ZLIH and forsook a stake in his fatherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wealthy business to chance his success at Formula One.

IIT BOMBAY RACING $QG VR LQ KH WHVWHG IRU )RUPXOD WHDPV RI :LOOLDPV 0F/DUHQ %UDEKDP DQG 7ROHPDQ +H LPSUHVVHG VHOHFWRUV DW :LOOLDPV FRPSOHWLQJ laps quicker than their reigning World Champion. +RZHYHU RZLQJ WR XQDYDLODELOLW\ RI YDFDQFLHV DW ERWK :LOOLDPV DQG 0F/DUHQ KH ZDVQ·W VKRUWOLVWHG DW either. Senna faced further disappointment when he ZDVQ·W VHOHFWHG DW %UDEKDP GXH WR LQWHUQDO SROLWLFV ZKHUH WKH WUDP·V PDMRU ,WDOLDQ VSRQVRU LQVLVWHG RQ DQ ,WDOLDQ GULYHU &RQVHTXHQWO\ 6HQQD MRLQHG 7ROHPDQ D UHODWLYHO\ QHZ WHDP XVLQJ OHVV FRPSHWLWLYH 3LUHOOL tyres. Senna wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t able to produce results at the LQLWLDO UDFHV LQ WKH VHDVRQ EXW KH NHSW KLV JULW and produced a sensational second to race leader $ODLQ 3URVW DW WKH 0RQDFR *UDQG 3UL[ ZKLFK ZDV KDOWHG DW ODS GXH WR WRUUHQWLDO UDLQ +H IROORZHG LW XS ZLWK WZR PRUH SRGLXP Ã&#x20AC;QLVKHV DW WKH %ULWLVK DQG Portuguese Grands Prix and ended at the 9th position LQ WKH 'ULYHU·V &KDPSLRQVKLS 6HQQD·V LPPDFXODWH perception combined with his dedication were signs RI DQ XSFRPLQJ GULYHU DERXW WR WDNH WKH ZRUOG E\ storm.

6HQQD HYHQWXDOO\ VHW WKH ZRUOG UHFRUG IRU WKH PD[LPXP SROH SRVLWLRQV DW 6HQQD Ã&#x20AC;QLVKHG WKH VHDVRQ ZLWK SRGLXP Ã&#x20AC;QLVKHV LQ WKH Ã&#x20AC;QDO WZR UDFHV +RZHYHU post-race scrutineering found logistical issues and he ZDV GLVTXDOLÃ&#x20AC;HG EULQJLQJ KLV ODVW DQG PRVW VXFFHVVIXO season at Lotus to a sour end. He ended at the third SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH Ã&#x20AC;QDO VWDQGLQJV 6HQQD WKHQ VKLIWHG WR 0F/DUHQ ZLWK WKH DSSURYDO RI WKHLU QXPEHU RQH GULYHU DQG GRXEOH ZRUOG FKDPSLRQ $ODLQ 3URVW 7KXV EHJDQ RQH RI WKH PRVW IDPRXV ULYDOULHV LQ )RUPXOD KLVWRU\ ZKLFK LV VWLOO UHPHPEHUHG IRQGO\ E\ PDQ\

Senna soon realized that Toleman would be unable to cater to his ferocious ambition and thus shifted to Lotus-Renault in 1985. He would remain there for WKUHH VHDVRQV DQG VHW VRPH LPSUHVVLYH UHFRUGV (YHQ WKRXJK KH GLGQ·W ZLQ PDQ\ UDFHV LQLWLDOO\ KH VWDUWHG DW SROH SRVLWLRQ WLPHV DQG ZRQ VL[ UDFHV RYHUDOO

Although Senna was incorporated into McLaren ZLWK 3URVW·V DSSURYDO LW TXLFNO\ EHFDPH DSSDUHQW that they were irreconcilable and the foundations of SURIHVVLRQDO ULYDOU\ ZHUH VRZQ +RZHYHU WKH\ VWLOO worked together to keep out their main opposition IURP )HUUDUL :LOOLDPV %HQHWWRQ DQG /RWXV

Williams FW14

,Q WKH VHDVRQ 6HQQD UHZURWH UHFRUG ERRNV ZLWK HLJKW ZLQV DQG WKLUWHHQ SROH SRVLWLRQV ,Q WKH QH[W VHDVRQ WKH ULYDOU\ EHWZHHQ 3URVW DQG 6HQQD JUHZ LQWR QXPHURXV EDWWOHV ERWK RQ DQG RII WUDFNV 7KHLU ULYDOU\ DQG GHOLEHUDWH FUDVKHV SURGXFHG VRPH RI WKH most breath-taking races in F1 history.

'XULQJ WKH VHDVRQ 6HQQD EURNH ZLWK DQ HDUO\ OHDG ZLWK VL[ UDFH YLFWRULHV +RZHYHU XQUHOLDELOLW\ OHG WR 3URVW FRYHULQJ XS DQG D VKRZGRZQ ZDV VHW DW WKH 6X]XND FLUFXLW LQ -DSDQ ZKLFK 6HQQD QHHGHG WR ZLQ WR UHPDLQ LQ FRQWHQWLRQ IRU WKH WLWOH 3URVW UHPRYHG

23

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Senna rewrote record books with eight wins and thirteen pole positions.â&#x20AC;?

WKH JXUQH\ Ă DS IURP KLV FDU XQNQRZQ WR 6HQQD HQDEOLQJ KLP WR JHW RII WKH JULG TXLFNHU ,W PDGH KLV car faster on the straights but slower through cornersRQ D FLUFXLW ZKHUH LW ZDV GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW WR SDVV 2Q ODS 6HQQD HYHQWXDOO\ SXOOHG EHVLGH 3URVW DQG attempted a pass at the last chicane. Prost deliberately cut him off leading to tangling of their wheels and EULQJLQJ ERWK WR D VWDQGVWLOO 3URVW SURPSWO\ UHWLUHG 6HQQD JRW D SXVK VWDUW EXW ZDV HYHQWXDOO\ GLVTXDOLĂ&#x20AC;HG for the same and Prost became World Champion and shifted to Ferrari.

,I \RX WKLQN WKDW LV LQJHQLRXV 6HQQD UHWXUQHG WKH IDYRXU LQ WKH VHDVRQ 6HQQD RQFH DJDLQ WRRN a commanding lead and again Prost rose to the FKDOOHQJH ZLWK FRQVHFXWLYH YLFWRULHV LQ WKH ODWWHU half of the season. The showdown was once again set at the Suzuka circuit but this time it was Prost ZKR QHHGHG WR ZLQ ,Q WKH EHJLQQLQJ KH SXOOHG DKHDG RI 6HQQD ZKR LPPHGLDWHO\ WULHG WR UHSDVV DW WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW FRUQHU :KLOH 3URVW WULHG WR FXW KLP RII 6HQQD EUDYHO\ DFFHOHUDWHG ERWK FROOLGHG DW NP K DQG VSXQ RXW of the race making Senna the World Champion.

24

MILESTONE Senna enjoyed considerable success at McLaren VKDSLQJ VRPH RI KLV FDUHHU¡V EHVW YLFWRULHV IRU VHDVRQV ,Q WKH VHDVRQ 6HQQD GURYH OLNH D PDQ SRVVHVVHG DV KLV ULYDOV VWUXJJOHG WR PDWFK KLV VKHHU pace and reliability. Nigel Mansell of Lotus was able to put up a challenge which led to one of the most LFRQLF Ă&#x20AC;QLVKHV DW WKH 6SDQLVK *UDQG 3UL[ ZKHUH 6HQQD and Mansell went wheel to wheel with centimetres to VSDUH DW RYHU NP K GRZQ WKH PDLQ VWUDLJKW (YHQ WKRXJK 6HQQD ORVW WKDW UDFH KH EHFDPH WKH \RXQJHVW HYHU WULSOH :RUOG &KDPSLRQ

7KH VHDVRQ FKDQJHG WKH IDFH RI WKH ) community as Alain Prost retired and Senna publicly reconciled with him at the Australian Grand Prix at $GHODLGH 7KURXJKRXW WKH VHDVRQ KRZHYHU 6HQQD GHVSHUDWHO\ HQYLHG WKH SRZHUIXO +RQGD HQJLQHV WKDW :LOOLDPV ZHUH XVLQJ DQG WULHG PXOWLSOH WLPHV LQ YDLQ WR SURFXUH WKHP IRU 0F/DUHQ :LWK 3URVW UHWLULQJ 6HQQD ZDV DEOH WR UHDOL]H KLV GUHDP DQG PRYHG WR :LOOLDPV IRU WKH LOO IDWHG VHDVRQ ,W EHJDQ SRRUO\ ZLWK 6HQQD XQDEOH WR VFRUH D Ă&#x20AC;QLVK LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WZR races. He publicly expressed concerns regarding the VWDELOLW\ RI KLV FDU DQG YRZHG WKDW KLV VHDVRQ ZRXOG UHDOO\ EHJLQ DW ,PROD 7KH WKLUG UDFH RI WKH VHDVRQ ZDV KHOG DW ,PROD ,WDO\ and disaster struck right from the beginning. The ,PROD FLUFXLW FRQVLVWV RI WZR QRWRULRXVO\ GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW FRUQHUV WKH 7DPEXUHOOR DQG 9LOOHQHXYH 'XULQJ )ULGD\ SUDFWLFH DQG 6DWXUGD\ 4XDOLI\LQJ WZR GULYHUV ZHUH LQYROYHG LQ KXJH DFFLGHQWV DQG RQH RI WKHP GLHG 2Q WKH UDFH GD\ 6HQQD ZDV WURXEOHG RZLQJ WR the accidents but was determined to bring the season WR IUXLW +H WRRN WKH OHDG DV XVXDO EXW RQ ODS DIWHU D SRVVLEOH PHFKDQLFDO LVVXH ZLWK KLV FDU UDQ RII WKH FRXUVH DW 7DPEXUHOOR DW NP K $OWKRXJK WKH DFFLGHQW ZDV KHDY\ LW ZDV FRQVLGHUHG VXUYLYDEOH +RZHYHU WKH ULJKW IURQW ZKHHO DQG VXVSHQVLRQ FDPH off and pierced his helmet at high speeds leading WR D PDVVLYH GHQW RQ KLV IRUHKHDG 7KRXJK KH ZDV UHVFXHG ZLWKLQ PLQXWHV RI WKH FUDVK KH VXIIHUHG DQ H[FHVVLYH EUDLQ KDHPRUUKDJH DQG ORVW Ă&#x20AC;YH OLWUHV RI EORRG 6HQQD ZDV RIĂ&#x20AC;FLDOO\ DQQRXQFHG GHDG DW DW D ORFDO KRVSLWDO LQ %RORJQD 0LFKDHO 6FKXPDFKHU won the race but there were no celebrations as the F1 IUDWHUQLW\ KDG ORVW D YHQHUDEOH VSLULW

25

2II WUDFN 6HQQD ZDV H[WUHPHO\ GHGLFDWHG SHUVHYHUDQW DQG RSHQ WR FULWLFDO IHHGEDFN +H ORYHG FKLOGUHQ DQG JDYH PLOOLRQV RI KLV SHUVRQDO IRUWXQH WR SURYLGH D EHWWHU IXWXUH IRU WKH XQGHUSULYLOHJHG LQ %UD]LO +H was acutely aware of his mortality and the fragility RI WKH VSRUW KH ORYHG $OWKRXJK UDFLQJ H[KLODUDWHG KLP KH ZDV DIUDLG RI JRLQJ WRR IDU DQG IUHTXHQWO\ drew analogies with life. Senna was the epitome RI FRPSRVXUH D PDQ RI VXSUHPH SHUFHSWLRQ DQG superhuman talent. He commanded immense respect DQG %UD]LO ZHQW LQWR DQ RIĂ&#x20AC;FLDO PRXUQLQJ SHULRG RI WKUHH GD\V WR SD\ WKHLU WULEXWH 7KH %UD]LOLDQ IRRWEDOO WHDP GHGLFDWHG WKHLU YLFWRU\ LQ -XO\ WR KLP 2OG followers of the sport and a million others still miss that boyish face and the sight of his car with the %UD]LOLDQ Ă DJ WKH\ VDOXWH KLP IRU WKH KRSH WKDW KH JDYH DQG WKH FKDULVPD WKDW KH UHSUHVHQWHG

IIT BOMBAY RACING

“The world watched him die and the world collectively shed tears for one exquisite man that illuminated the F1 community– the great Ayrton Senna.”

Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost with the McLaren MP4/4

MILESTONE

BUT WHAT EXACTLY IS A PITSTOP? By Nikita Dipali & Srushti Bhamare

27

In the amount of you time you would have spent to

wash your hands once during 2020, Red Bull Racing team could have re-enacted their world record setting pit stop of 1.82 seconds over ten times (If this isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t true for you, please wash your hands for a longer duration this pandemic).

In motorsports, a pitstop is a stop for refuelling, attaching new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, driver change, as a penalty or any combination of these things. Although thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quite a mouthful, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exactly what the team mechanics known as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pit crewsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; do in a chaotic time span of mere seconds. As teams work harder to shave milliseconds off their carsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lap WLPHV ZKHQ WR WDNH D SLW VWRS GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWHO\ SOD\V LQWR their winning strategy.

IIT BOMBAY RACING

The pits usually comprise a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pit laneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and a row of garages (usually one per team) where the quick servicing is done. When called to pit, the cars enter the pit lane which runs parallel to the track, get their cars serviced and re-join the main track as the end of the pit lane as it merges into it. Beyond serving the ubiquitous need of changing into a fresh set of tyres across motorsports, there is little scope for generalising what exactly happens in a pit stop.

The rules and regulations of the motorsport decide the allowed activities and even the time span for these changes. From the drivers switching for the same car in demanding Le Mans v/s the cars switching for WKH VDPH GULYHU LQ )RUPXOD ( Ă&#x20AC;UVW IRXU VHDVRQV

regulations are designed with the safety, duration and nature of motorsport in mind.

In Formula E , pit stops are almost non-existent now as no mechanical adjustments are allowed besides tyre changes. Prior to 2018, the Spark-Renault SRT 01E cars which were used did not have enough battery charge to last an entire race and drivers had to switch into a different fully charged car mid race. Thus these pit stops only required about 2 pit crew members to assist the driver with seat belts and other safety measures.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Gen3â&#x20AC;&#x2122; will allow pit stop recharging for the first time in the championship as it is designed to handle â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;flash chargingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of up to 800kW.â&#x20AC;?

The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Gen3â&#x20AC;&#x2122; car to be introduced in 2022 will allow pit VWRS UHFKDUJLQJ IRU WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW WLPH LQ WKH FKDPSLRQVKLS DV LW LV GHVLJQHG WR KDQGOH ψ DVK FKDUJLQJ¡ RI XS WR 800kW. And for comparison thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s over 3 times as much as the max supercharging that Tesla model X offers. Looking forward to the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;potentialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; pitstop mayhem that will bring. On a tangential note, if you havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t checked out Formula E yet, do so for the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;attack modeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, it is certainly worth a watch.

28

MILESTONE For the other motorsports, the strategy during the pit stop is simple. Complete the necessary adjustments in the safest, fastest manner. What then acts as a differentiating factor would be the rules of the motorsport. The most common operation of pit stops across motorsports is to replace worn tyres with a fresh set. Tyres provide traction for acceleration and is essential to nail those circuit corners. Whilst dealing with high speeds and high costs of car production like that of Formula1, it is imperative to get the traction right – to win but more importantly ‘soft’ tyres depending on the grip they can offer and the wear and tear they can sustain. In fact, Formula1 mandates at least one pit stop during a race as both tyre types must be used.

Having understood this, let’s deconstruct a typical pit stop. In fact, let’s assume we are pit stop managers and need to service correctly and quickly our hypothetical racing car -IITBeLikeThat doing very well on the tracks. Our car engineers have been continuously monitoring and analysing the car data during the race and want the car to pit during the next lap for switching into a fresh set of tyres which could up our game. As a pit crew, what do we do? with all our systems and crtew members ready with their machines, positioned as close as possible to ensure no time is wasted in adjustment.

“Formula1 mandates at least one pit stop during a race as both tyre types must be used.”

To change the tyres, we need to lift the car, free the lug nuts holding the tyre to the rest of the assembly were a NASCAR or a F1 race, we would be using mechanical jacks to raise our car. Well if we are an IndyCar pit crew, we would just need to activate built in pneumatic jacks using a pressurised air hose to lift it. Next we need to remove the lug nuts. We use pneumatic wheel guns to unscrew them – these guns pack quite a punch with over 3000Nm torque supply.

IIT BOMBAY RACING The second reason is the upper cap on the number of pit crew members allowed to service the car directly. With IndyCar at 6 members and NASCAR at 5 (allowed to cross the pit wall), Formula1 has nearly 20 people. This allows better work distribution and faster performance delivery by the crew.. With 8 Tyre Carriers (four for bringing in the new tyres and four for taking the old ones away), 4 Wheel Gunners, 2 Jack Men (to lift the car in the front and back), 2 Stabilisers who stabilise the car in the middle against unequal forces, 2 Front Wing Men to replace or adjust the front wing (to increase downforce by changing angle) if necessary and the Fire extinguisher the pit crew is one big cohesive family.

For F1 teams, there is only one lug nut per wheel whereas for NASCAR, there are 5 per wheel. Great, we remove the worn wheels, install the fresh set and We now lower the car, quickly clean any debris on the side, adjust and tweak the aerodynamics components if necessary like the front wing and are ready to give the driver a clear go ahead. IITBeLikeThat then continues to dominate the top charts. A good day.

If all motorsports have access to latest technology, why are Formula1 pit stops, that clock an average of 2.4s way faster? Two primary reasons. First unlike NASCAR and IndyCar, mid race fuelling is banned in F1 since 2010. Careful refuelling easily takes up upwards of 4 seconds and F1 would rather start out with bulkier fuel tanks.

This distribution of work has surely made pit stops keep track of actions. In 2018 Australian Grand Prix, the American team Haas had to retire both its cars Prix, Kimi Räikkönen’s Ferrari striking the tyre changer Francesco Cigarini resulting in a fractured left leg are accidents that happened due to lack of effective communication or random system errors.

However, the scope for these errors has reduced 33 seconds to 2019’s 1.82 seconds, we have come a long glorious way. It is in this spirit that Formula1 is moving towards becoming a safer, more sustainable sport for the future.

“Unlike NASCAR and IndyCar, mid race fuelling is banned in F1 since 2010.”

Well, the primary reason for this is safety as fuel being combustible would demand greater care in its transportation, handling and transferring. IndyCar mandates excess spilt fuel on the car to be ‘washed’ away by a water hose before the car exits the garage.

The ability to refuel midway though would allow for lighter smaller and faster cars as it means an easy weight loss of 70kg per car. With the new 18 inch Pirelli tyres adding weight for all cars from 2022 onwards, it isn’t surprising to hear drivers voicing personal opinions opposing the ban.

30

MILESTONE

INNOVATION KNOWS NO BOUNDARIES

Yash Mitkari

Mankind has traveled a long way from the

neolithic era to the modern era, from foot to wheel to even air and water. While I do say this, we must also understand that none of these innovations in commute came about independently and in an isolated form, rather they grew and developed from one another, borrowing phenomenal pieces of technology from each other. And to say that the automobile industry has been devoid of innovations from other transport industries would be to sin. So letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dive deeper into this and see how various technologies have shaped the 21st century automobile.

First up we have the wonder material which is what makes supercars glide seamlessly on the road: Carbon Fiber. This lightweight durable material has sure got itself some (being a bit modest here!) heavy applications to its name. And like any other LQQRYDWLRQ WKDW LV IDVW DQG VWURQJ LW KDG WR Ă&#x20AC;QG LWV way to the high-speed automobile industry. This ZRQGHU PDWHULDO Ă&#x20AC;UVW IRXQG LWV XVH LQ WKH DYLDWLRQ

31

industry, which experienced the materials prowess in SURYLGLQJ VOHHN IDVW DQG IXHO HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DLUFUDIW designs.

Later its use in the development of the McLaren MP4/1 (which debuted in the 1981 F1 season) and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s following victory at the British Grand Prix cemented the fact that this material is going to satiate the thirst for high-speed action and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;reshapeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the entire automotive industry like nothing else.

IIT BOMBAY RACING

â&#x20AC;&#x153;McLaren MP4/1â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s victory in the British Grand Prix cemented the fact that carbon fibre would reshape the entire automotive industry.â&#x20AC;? of so much energy? This is where regenerative braking comes in. Initially introduced in railway locomotive operations in the 19th century to get extra energy from the wheels of the train, this FRQFHSW WRRN D ZKLOH WLOO LW FRXOG VSUHDG LWV HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW fame in the automotive industry.

But if youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re concerned about energy consumption like me, you may have wondered that if weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve got so IDVW D FDU ZLWK FDUERQ Ă&#x20AC;EHU VORZLQJ LW GRZQ PXVW EH generating a lot of friction. How do we prevent waste

In this piece of brilliant technology, we leverage the use of an electric motorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s kinetic energy loss during deceleration and store it back into the battery, up and about to power up the next acceleration of the YHKLFOH PDNLQJ LW PRUH HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW WKDQ XVXDO EUDNLQJ systems where the kinetic energy loss was never accounted for. Better late than never, today this technology can be found omnipresent in any electric automobile there is, from a Honda to a Tesla.

Regenerative Braking

The electric motor reverses direction, becoming a generator (dynamo) which then stores the energy in the vehicleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s battery

32

MILESTONE Call me an old sport, but the thing about cars that gets me ecstatic and off of my feet is that loud and strong grunt that only a turbo engine can give, and that gets me to turbo-superchargers, or more cutely called turbo, invented by Alfred Buchi.

Though this concept of getting super-extra power by reusing the exhaust gases is raving the motor industry and enthusiasts alike, this concept initially found important applications in the aviation industry (in the 1920s) which had humongous power needs in an already low-pressure environment and needed to make use of all they had. Still, The automobile industry took about half a century to miniaturize it WR Ă&#x20AC;W LQ DQ DFWXDO FDU DQG JLYH XV WKRVH UDUH VRXQGV we pleasure.

Turbocharger

...

Who knew principles used in audio equipment could also play a role in automotive parts. Sure enough, the concept of electromagnetics found its way to one of the most fundamental parts of a car: the suspension system. And it was none other than the audio giant Bose who developed this technology of electromagnetic suspension. The way this suspension system works is that it recovers (absorbs) the vibration energy caused in the suspension by and uses it to counteract the shock generated by a bump.

Electromagnetic suspension This not only dampens the feel of a jerk but goes at lengths to neutralize the effect of the shock. A widely used concept in Maglevs, Boseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s incredible electromagnetic suspension is sure too fast for the conventional suspension systems making your ride bump-free.

33

IIT BOMBAY RACING

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Project Sound was not just damping the roadway bumps but actively counteracting them.â&#x20AC;?

ANS (Automatic Navigation System) If you didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know this earlier, be cautious because the Pentagon is watching you. Not actually, but yes, a modern innovation in the automobile industry that makes our journey so hassle-free is a derivative of the US Space Forces mapping software, the Global Positioning System (GPS or earlier: NAVSTAR GPS), and is still operated by the US Space Forces.

Under the broader name of automatic navigation V\VWHPV +RQGD ZDV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW RQH WR LQWURGXFH DQ in-drive mapping service in its Electro Gyro-cater.

This system uses satellites to get a considerably precise location of your car. Four decades on and a commute without the GPS would more often than not, get us lost.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;GPS is, to this date, operated by the United States Space Force.â&#x20AC;?

But for all that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s worth, better to be followed by ISRO than the USSF. And in that spirit, ISRO has developed an Indian Regional Navigation Satellites System, under the operational name of NavIC. It is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system, right now mapping all of India and a 1500 km region around it, to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services.

I hope the next time you see a car, you not only see a 4-wheeler, but a symphony of technologies from different industries who were never thought of as being able to incorporate in such a system so seamlessly. This is what an automobile engineer is capable of: proving that innovation canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t remain stagnant in a single industry.

34

MILESTONE

What Makes a Racecar

by Raj Kumar Go Faster?

The racing of cars is one of the most joyful sports,

and its recognition has grown a lot over the years.

These competitions are very high paced till the very end. Therefore, the question is, what makes these racing events so thrilling? The answer is the extreme speed (350-370 km/h) of the racing cars. There are numerous key components and features involved in making a racing car go faster, including selection of materials for body parts, aerodynamics, engine etc. The materials used for making body parts plays a crucial role in enhancing the speed of racing cars.

The cars experience extreme stress when they are running at these high speeds therefore, the material for making the body parts must be light in weight as well as strong. In the beginning, steel being a lightweight material with good ultimate tensile strength (270 MPa) had been implemented for making body parts which helped in mass reduction by 10-28 % and thereby resulted in enhanced speed. Steel had also been used because it is recyclable and available at a very low cost, but it oxidizes in the absence of

35

any coating material. Therefore, new materials like aluminium, magnesium, titanium, glass-reinforced SODVWLF DQG FDUERQ ÀEHU FRPSRVLWHV KDYH EHHQ XVHG over the years. These materials help in mass reduction like aluminium (30-60 %), magnesium (30-70 %), titanium (40-55 %) glass-reinforced plastic (25-35 %)

DQG FDUERQ ÀEHU FRPSRVLWHV &DUERQ ÀEHU composites being strongest among others with a very high tensile strength of 1200-1800 MPa have been

IIT BOMBAY RACING

Modern racecars have many complex aerodynamic parts found to be the most used material for making body SDUWV DQG DOVR FDUERQ Ă&#x20AC;EHU FRPSRVLWHV DUH FRQVLGHUHG to be good absorbers of shock; therefore, carbon Ă&#x20AC;EHU FRPSRVLWHV QRW RQO\ HQVXUH WKH HQKDQFHPHQW of speed but also take care of the safety of the car driver during a collision between the cars.

wings which provided a downforce was considered to be an illegal concept, and due to this the car (Porsche Spyder) never came to the track. Later on, in 1966, American engineer Jim Hall introduced the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Ă&#x20AC;UVW FDU ZLWK ZLQJV DQG QDPHG LW DV &KDSDUUDO (

The next major factor which is equally important is the Aerodynamics of the car. The common aerodynamic forces like drag, lift and side force act upon a moving race car. Drag forces resist the movement of the car because of being applied in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the car. Similarly, a force that is applied in the upward direction and reduces the vertical force on the vehicle is named as Lift. The side forces arise due to lateral winds working upon the car, which pushes the car sideways. Since lateral winds are QRW VR VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW WKHUHIRUH GUDJ IRUFH UHGXFWLRQ LV the only concern from an aerodynamic point of view in early stages of car design, due to this, 90th-century cars had been shaped like cigars to reduce the drag force.

In 1956 Swiss engineer Michael May observed that airplanes keep themselves in the air by generating lift with the help of their wings and he then applied the same analogy to the cars for keeping them on track via generation downforce by introducing wings upside GRZQ %XW WKH VDG SDUW LV WKDW WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW FDU KDYLQJ

Michael Mayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Porsche Spyder (top) and Jim Hallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chaparral 2E (above).

36

MILESTONE The engine of the car is considered to be its core that can take its speed to the next level. In the beginning from 1947-53 Formula-1 racing cars had pre voiturette engine regulations, having 4.6 L atmospheric and 1.5l supercharged engine and further advancements have been made in engines to enhance the speed over the years. In 2014 a new V6 engine (1.6 L fourstroke turbocharged 90 degree) with a dual overhead camshaft was introduced in a Formula One car which could achieve a max speed of 370 km/h (230mph).

But camshaft-based engines caused more emission, and due to this the concept of free valve engines came into the picture, and they have been considered the future of engine technology. Because of being free from conventional camshafts, free valves have also been named â&#x20AC;&#x153;camlessâ&#x20AC;?.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;...due to this the concept of free valve engines came into the picture...â&#x20AC;?

A free valve engine is composed of poppet valves WKDW DUH RSHUDWHG E\ WKH LQĂ XHQFH RI SQHXPDWLF electromagnetic, and hydraulic actuators and springs ZHUH XVHG IRU RSHQLQJ DV ZHOO DV FORVLQJ YDOYH (DFK spring and Actuator are well programmed using an DUWLĂ&#x20AC;FLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH DOJRULWKP VXFK WKDW WKH\ NQRZ their ability to open and close the valve and also, they know the when (timing), how much (lift) and for how long the valve needs to be open and this makes LW EHQHĂ&#x20AC;FLDO LQ UHGXFLQJ IXHO FRQVXPSWLRQ DV ZHOO DV

The engine from a 1938 Alfa Romeo 158 Alfetta grand prix racer (left), and eighty years on, the engine from a 2017 Mercedes-AMG W08 F1 car (left below).

The Koenigsegg Gemera (right above) has a camless engine (right)which produces 600 horsepower from just three cylinders.

IIT BOMBAY RACING emissions. Free valve engine utilizes 10 % less energy than traditional ones and its very interesting to know that they produce less emissions than the equivalent camshaft counterpart.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;...what makes the Koenigsegg Gemera faster than some of the fastest Formula One race cars?â&#x20AC;?

Recently Koenigsegg has claimed that his new car Koenigsegg Gemera can achieve 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in just 1.9 seconds and it can reach a maximum speed of 249 mph (400km/h). So, the question is what makes the Koenigsegg Gemera faster than some of the fastest Formula One race cars? Koenigsegg uses the free valve engine technology to make Koenigsegg Gemera. The engine of this car has 2.0-litre threecylinder twin-turbo free valve engine which is RSHUDWHG XVLQJ ( PHWKDQRO DQG RWKHU IXHOV ZKLFK are renewable and provide carbon-neutral emissions.

In a single-cylinder, two exhaust valves are available

for each turbo. At low rpm, only one turbo is utilized because FreeValve engine permits one of the valves to stay closed and thereby allows the single turbo to spool up faster. At higher rpm, the second valve opens, and exhaust gases are sent to both turbos. â&#x20AC;&#x153;What makes a race car fast?â&#x20AC;? (and more importantly â&#x20AC;&#x153;How to make it faster?â&#x20AC;?) is a question that has enraptured a lot of people over the years. We have explored quite a few factors that are part of the answer to this question. There are quite a few more out there, and if you are interested in learning more, you will have to wait for the next one in this series.

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