ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
A STUDY ON ROLE OF WOMEN IN KNOWLEDGE DRIVEN ECONOMY *P. Hima Bindu
**T. Dada Khalandar *****B. Divya
****K. Mounika
Women
ABSTRACT: Entrepreneurship
is
becoming
a
buzzword in different parts of the World. Entrepreneurship
has
male
dominated
phenomenon from the very early age, but time has changed the situation and brought Women as today’s most memorable and inspirational Entrepreneurs. The women Empowerment has been important role of Governmental& other Non-governmental Organizations.The women are endowed with innate power that can make them successful entrepreneurs. In today’s world, women entrepreneurs are playing very vital role and they have become important part of the global business environment and it’s really important
for
the
sustained
economic
development and social progress. Women entrepreneur
is
***P. Mohammed Gouse
a
key
contributor
to
economic growth in low and middle income
Entrepreneurship
and
overall
participation of Women in the Economy are closely related to each other. And this study aims to give an overall view point of Indian Women
Entrepreneursand
giving
suggestions to improve their level Another main purpose of this paper is to analyze policies of Indian government for women and also to analyze that are those policies adequate
for
the
growth
of
women
entrepreneurship. On the basis of this study some suggestions are given to encourage spirit of women entrepreneurship to become a successful entrepreneur.”Gender sensitive development assistance can be a powerful force for empowering women to compete in land, labor and product markets enabling them
to
make
environmental
economic,
social
contributions
and to
sustainabledevelopment.”
countries like India. Women’s level of
KEY
optimism and self confidence in stating a
Impact of Women Entrepreneurs in Indian
business is highly influenced by the culture
Economy, Economic Development, Self-
and social norms of their native countries.
confidence, Economic Growth.
WORDS:
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WomenEntrepreneur,
129
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
Entrepreneurship is considered as one of the most important factors contributing to the economic development of the society. There
INTRODUCTION
are evidences to believe that countries which
“When women move forward, the family move, the village moves and Nation moves�
have proportionately higher percentage of entrepreneurs in their population have developed much faster as compared to
those
countries, which have lesser percentage of
women who generate business ideas or
them in the society. In India, women
select
constitute
Women
the
entrepreneurs
best
are
opportunity,
mobilize
around
48
percent
of
the
of
population but their participation in the
production, undertake risks and operate the
economic activities is only 34percent.The
enterprise in most effective manner with a
gender
view to earning profit. The prospective role
estimate the extent of women participation
of a women entrepreneur in India has been
in the countries economic and political
realized since a long time Indian history
activities, rank India as 110th of the 166
reveals that there have been several women
nations. In the emerging complex social
like Razia Sultan, Lakshmi Bai, Nur Jahan,
scenario, women have a pivotal role to play.
Rani padmini who have successfully ruled
Now women have taken up entrepreneurial
their Kingdoms. In modern India also
role in order to create a meaning for
several women leaders and administrators
themselves.
like
Gandhi,
housewives are gradually changing into
Vijyalakshmi Pandit who have succeeded in
women entrepreneurs. Some of the factors
their
women
responsible for these changes are better
empowerment has been important role of
education, changing socio cultural values
Governments and other non-governmental
and need for supplementary income.
resources,
combine
Sarojini
the
Naidu,
statesmanship.
factors
Indira
The
organizations. The women are endowed with innate power that can make them successful
empowerment
The
measures,
traditional
which
roles
of
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurship is inherent
and
also
a
natural
process.
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130
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
To find out the factors which encourage
women
to
become
entrepreneurs?
in India. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based
barriers
to
starting
and
growing their businesses, like discriminatory
To study the support given by the
property, matrimonial and inheritance laws
government to women entrepreneurs.
and/or cultural practices; lack of access to
To examine the obstacles faced by
formal finance mechanisms limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc.
women entrepreneurs. To
know
recent
development
trends
of
in
Women
Women’s entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong
contribution
to
the
economic well-being of the family and
Entrepreneurs.
communities,
Methodology
poverty
reduction
and
women’s empowerment. Thus, governments
Secondary sources of literature have
across the world as well as various
been used for the development of
developmental organizations are actively
this concept.
assisting
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
and
promoting
women
entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures.
For
any
developing
country,
Women
entrepreneurs play the vital role particularly
Over the past few decades women are
in terms of their contribution to the
coming out of the boundaries of houses and
economic
Women
proving their ability and competencies in the
entrepreneurship has been recognized as an
business world. Today the roles of women
important source of economic growth. By
are not confined to the traditional role of a
establishing their new venture women
mother or a housewife. The role of modern
entrepreneurs
for
women is much wider than, what it was
themselves and others and also provide
previously. A woman has to play multiple
society
roles,
development.
with
generate
different
new
jobs
solutions
to
besides
playing
the
role
of
management, organization and business
housewife/mother/daughter, she has to play
problems. However, they still represent
different roles in community in the social
minority as women entrepreneurs, especially
settings simultaneously. Because of Indian
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131
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
culture traditional customs women, even
role
after 63 years of independence, are facing
requirements and agricultural activities and
bias. This has adversely affected the status
weaving during the Vedic Period.In the
of Indian business women.
traditional economy, they played vital roles
Evolution of Women Entrepreneurship in India
in
creating
household
utility
in agriculture industry andservices.Women’s informal
trading
activities
in
the
international distribution system have been
In India, women’s participation in
well documented since early 1950s. Since
economic activity is common fromtime
1970 systematic efforts have been made by
immemorial. The role of women has gone
the
through several transitions. Ittook centuries
employment
for women’s roles to move in the present
entrepreneurship in India became popular in
direction. There aresome regions where
the late 1970s and now more and more
women live in a barbarian era, chained and
women are emerging as entrepreneurs in all
shackled to thesocial taboos, restrictions and
kinds of economic activities.According to
lakshmanarekhas of others who frame a
the 1971 Census, the total female working
code Gender and Poverty in India, World
population is about 13.8 per cent of the total
Bank Report, 1991.of conduct. At the same
work force. Itwas only from Fifth Five
time there are other regions where women
YearPlan (1974-78) onwards that women’s
fight for and win freedom and opportunity to
development was recognized as an identified
play their roles in a new context with new
sectorDuring
occupations and
a new way of life. As
capable, competent confident and assertive
regards the ancient industries of India,
and had a clear idea about the ventures to be
family was the unit of production where
undertaken and they succeeded in them.
women played an important role in the
Many
production process.Even in Mohenjo-Daro
enterprises of their parents or husbands and
and Harappa culture, women shared a
proved their competence and capabilities.
responsible positionwith men and helped in
Women acquired high self-esteem and the
spinning and clay modeling and other simple
capability
Government among
to
promote women.
the1990s,
women
of
solving
Women
women
entered
self-
were
large-scale
the
problems
arts andcrafts. Women played a very pivotal All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
132
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
independently
through
economic
independence.
•
Confronting uncertainty
Challenges of women entrepreneurs Recent surveys indicate that the gender gap
In the 21st century women are becoming experts in all the fields.With the growing awareness about business and the spread of education, theyhave entered new areas such as engineering, electronics and energy and acquiredexpertise in these fields. Many of
in entrepreneurship persists at different levels and varying widely in India.Research suggests that there are some commonalities as
to
However, in India a large
number of highly educated women do notseek employment. Marriage and family have always been the first choice formost Indian
women.
The
number
of
men
inautonomous start-up category is twice that of women, thrice in the category of
and
ultimate
1. Access to financial resources: Even though the literature is not conclusive, a common challenge for women to establish and run a business is access and control over finance. Women entrepreneurs appear to have less access to external sources of capital than men when securing finances.
2. Inadequate training and access to information:
manageresses.
Characteristics entrepreneurs
proximate
determinants of these differences:-
the new industries are headed and guided bywomen.
the
of
women
One challenge often mentioned in research on women entrepreneurs in developing
•
Imagination
countries is that they enjoy a relatively low
•
Flexibility
level of education and skill training. This,
•
Time orientation
combined with a lack of career guidance,
•
Attribute to work hard
generally seems tolimit their access to
•
Stress takers
various publically and privately offered
•
Business communication skill
support
•
Leadership
development services and informationon
•
Determination
business growth. Others found that a lack of
•
Ability to desire to take risk
services
including
business
experience and skills also accounted for the
All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
133
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
fact that women entrepreneurs had a
legitimacy of the business as perceived by
preference in industry orientation and thus
customers and creditors. Furthermore, some
were less well represented in industrial
studies indicate that women strongly rely on
activities. In particular professional agencies
support
have not been efficient in disseminating
relatives in order to successfully start and
information to entrepreneurs, and that the
grow a business.
training and assistance provided by support services do not meet the specific needs of
4. Women’s safety and gender based violence:
women entrepreneurs Similar challenges
Others identify the issue of safety
identified in other developing countries are a
and protection of women entrepreneurs,
lack
especially those operating in the informal
of
access
entrepreneurial
to
and
ICTs,
insufficient
management
from
husbands,
partners,
and
skills,
economy. Even though less documented in
together with problems in finding the
academic research, there are numerous
markets and distribution networks.
stories of killings, harassment and rape of female vendors and micro-business owners.
3. Work-family interface:
This results in stress, constant fear and not frequent
having the opportunity to freely choose your
mentioned challenge is the combination of
business location and time of opening hours
the business with family responsibilities,
which seriously limits the chances and
which may undermine the success of the
choices
business .Women entrepreneurs indicate that
entrepreneur for women in some developing
they deploy several strategies to cope with
country.
the double workload and challenges deriving
5. Lack of societal support:
from combining business with family but
Furthermore,
while
provide
normative constraints and societal attitudes
flexibility. The amount of time spent caring
based on cultural and religious beliefs in
for children are negatively related to
some countries are not supportive of the
success. Furthermore, the location of the
work of women in general or that of women
business at home may also undermine the
in entrepreneurship in particular . In a
Another
more
recently
self-employment
may
of
All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
becoming
research
a
point
successful
out
that
134
ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016
variety of countries, the perception is that Presently the women efforts on from all
entrepreneurship is an appropriate career choice for men and not women, or only for the poor and not the educated, which in most cases are women. These perceptions are mostly
based
on
entrepreneurship
the
with
association traditional
of male
areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial activities. Following efforts can be taken into account for
effective
development
of
women
entrepreneurs.
stereotypes.
Consider women as specific target
6. Legal barriers and procedures: Varying across countries, the lack of government support in terms of policy, laws
group for all developmental programmers.
and services has been identified as a barrier for women entrepreneurs. Even though this varies
greatly
across
countries,
most
research indicates that regulations, taxation and legal barriers can pose serious obstacles for running and starting a business. This may affect both men and women to a certain
schemes should be extended to women folk from government part. Adequate training program on management skills to be provided to women community. Encourage women's participation in
extent. 7.Decision making and problem solving: Quick decision making and problem solving approach is not commonly foundamong the women entrepreneurs. They get emotionally involved
Better educational facilities and
in
tackling
problems.
When
problems are brought down to one’s personal level, objective analysis is lost and solutions to the problems are hardly found.
decision-making. Vocational training to be extended to women community that enables them to understand the production process and production management. Skill development to be done in women's polytechnics and industrial training institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-production
Ways of promoting Women Entrepreneurs
workshops.
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Training on professional competence
Ekta Kapoor, Creative
and leadership skill to be extended to
Director, balaji Telefilms
women entrepreneurs.
Ltd.
Encourage women’s participation in
Jyoti Naik, President, Lijjat
decision making.
Papad.
Women development corporations
Kiran Mazumdar Shaw,
have to gain access to open-ended
Chairman andManaging
financing.
director, Biocon Ltd.
A women Guidance cell set-upto
Lalita D.Gupte, JMD, ICICI
handle the various problems of women entrepreneurs all over the
Bank. Naina Lal Kidwar, Deputy CEO, HBSE.
state. Training and counseling on a large
Preetha Reddy, Managing
scale of existing women entrepreneurs to remove
Director, Apollo hospitals. Priya Paul, Chairman,
psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success
Apeejay Park Hotels. Rajshree Pathy, Chairman, Rajshree Sugars & Chemicals ltd. Ranjana Kumar, Chairman,
.
NABARD.
Successful Women Entrepreneurs in India: Akhila srinivasan, Managing Director, Shriram Investments ltd. Chanda Kocchar, Executive Director, ICICI Bank
At present, the Government of India has over 27 schemes for women. Some of these are: Assistance to Rural Women in NonFarm Development (ARWIND) schemes
All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
136
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Entrepreneurial Development
Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas
programme (EDPs)
Pariyojana (RGMVP)
Indira Mahila Yojana
SIDBI’s Mahila Udyam Nidhi
Indira Mahila Kendra
SBI’s Stree Shakti Scheme
Integrated Rural Development
Trade Related Entrepreneurship
Programme (IRDP)
Assistance and Development
Khadi And Village Industries
(TREAD) Working Women’s Forum
Commission (KVIC) Management Development
Training of Rural Youth for Self-
progammes
Employment (TRYSEM)
Women’s Development Corporations (WDCs)
SWOT Analysis: A parameter to
Marketing of Non-Farm Products of Rural Women (MAHIMA) Mahila Vikas Nidhi
women entrepreneurs’ development in India.
Mahila Samiti Yojana
Strength: Women entrepreneur can be defined
Mahila Vikas Nidhi
as a confident, innovative and
Micro Credit Scheme Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programmes (MSE-
creative women capable of achieving self economic independence individually or in collaboration
CDP).
generate employment opportunities
NGO’s Credit Schemes National Banks for Agriculture and Rural Development’s Schemes Priyadarshini Project- A programme for Rural Women Empowerment and Livelihood in Mid Gangetic Plains’ Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY)
examine the growth and performance of
for others through initiating, establishing and running the enterprise by keeping pace with her personal, family and social life.Women prefer to work from their own residence, difficulty in getting suitable jobs and desire for social
Rashtriya Mahila Kosh All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
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recognition motivates them self–
•
employment.
Business opportunities that are approaching for women entrepreneurs are eco–
friendly technology, Bio-
Weaknesses: •
technology, IT enabled
Absence of proper support,
enterprises, event
cooperation and back-up for
management, tourist
women by their own family
industry,
members and the outside
Telecommunication, Plastic
world people force them to
materials, Mineral water,
drop the idea of excelling in
Herbal & health care, Food,
the enterprise field. •
fruits and vegetables
Women’s family obligations
processing.
also bar them from becoming
•
successful entrepreneurs in
new opportunities in the
both developed and
rural areas such as Ice cream,
developing nations. •
Women entrepreneurs avail
channel products, papads and
Achievement motivation of
pickles and readymade
the women folk found less
garments.
compared to male members. •
The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that
Threats: •
they are women.
Fear of expansion and Lack of access to technology.
•
Opportunity: •
Lack of self–confidence, will power, strong mental outlook
Women inculcate entrepreneurial values and involve greatly in business
and
optimistic
attitude
amongst women creates a fear
from
committing
dealings. All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE
138
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mistakes while doing their
thus
piece of work.
entrepreneur at par with men.
Credit
•
discrimination
Insecure
and
to
be
a
great
*P. Hima Bindu, PG student from, Gates
poor
infrastructure and
‘women’
and
Non Cooperative officials. •
allow
Dealing
with male laborers.
institution of Technology,Gooty515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: himabindu9913@gmail.com
Indian women give emphasis
•
to
family
ties
and
**T. Dada Khalandar, PG student from, Gates institution of Technology,Gooty-
relationships.
515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: khalandartinkar@gmail.com
Conclusion: Women
Entrepreneurs
a
part
of
the
***P. Mohammed Gouse, PG student from,
mainstream of National Economy and they
Gates institution of Technology,Gooty-
can contribute to the economic progress of
515401.Andhra Pradesh.
India
Email:gousemohammed63@gmail.com
in
this
era
of
Globalization.
Empowering women entrepreneurs is crucial for achieving the goals of sustainable development and the bottlenecks hindering their growth must be reduced to enable full
****K. Mounika, PG student from, Gates institution of Technology,Gooty515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: kmounika0594@gmail.com
participation in the business. As a result, the desired outcomes of the business are quickly
****B.Divya,PG student from , Gates
achieved and more of remunerative business
institution of Technology,Gooty-
opportunities
515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email:
are
found.
Therefore
promoting entrepreneurship among Indian
bathinidivya94@gmail.com
women is certainly a short-cut to rapid economic growth and development. Let us try to eradicate all kinds of gender bias and
References:
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1. Baporikar, N. entrepreneurship
Publicationhouse,second revised edition.
development & project management-
Websites:
Himalaya publication house.
Www. Smallindustryindia.com
2. Gordon E. & Natarajan K.:
www.dcmsme.gov.in/schemes
entrepreneurship development – Himalaya
www.newsweek.com
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