Document 2 wulj 25042016

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

A STUDY ON ROLE OF WOMEN IN KNOWLEDGE DRIVEN ECONOMY *P. Hima Bindu

**T. Dada Khalandar *****B. Divya

****K. Mounika

Women

ABSTRACT: Entrepreneurship

is

becoming

a

buzzword in different parts of the World.

Entrepreneurship

has

male

dominated

phenomenon from the very early age, but time has changed the situation and brought Women as today’s most memorable and inspirational Entrepreneurs. The women Empowerment has been important role of Governmental& other Non-governmental Organizations.The women are endowed with innate power that can make them successful entrepreneurs. In today’s world, women entrepreneurs are playing very vital role and they have become important part of the global business environment and it’s really important

for

the

sustained

economic

development and social progress. Women entrepreneur

is

***P. Mohammed Gouse

a

key

contributor

to

economic growth in low and middle income

Entrepreneurship

and

overall

participation of Women in the Economy are closely related to each other. And this study aims to give an overall view point of Indian Women

Entrepreneursand

giving

suggestions to improve their level Another main purpose of this paper is to analyze policies of Indian government for women and also to analyze that are those policies adequate

for

the

growth

of

women

entrepreneurship. On the basis of this study some suggestions are given to encourage spirit of women entrepreneurship to become a successful entrepreneur.”Gender sensitive development assistance can be a powerful force for empowering women to compete in land, labor and product markets enabling them

to

make

environmental

economic,

social

contributions

and to

sustainabledevelopment.”

countries like India. Women’s level of

KEY

optimism and self confidence in stating a

Impact of Women Entrepreneurs in Indian

business is highly influenced by the culture

Economy, Economic Development, Self-

and social norms of their native countries.

confidence, Economic Growth.

WORDS:

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WomenEntrepreneur,

129

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

Entrepreneurship is considered as one of the most important factors contributing to the economic development of the society. There

INTRODUCTION

are evidences to believe that countries which

“When women move forward, the family move, the village moves and Nation moves�

have proportionately higher percentage of entrepreneurs in their population have developed much faster as compared to

those

countries, which have lesser percentage of

women who generate business ideas or

them in the society. In India, women

select

constitute

Women

the

entrepreneurs

best

are

opportunity,

mobilize

around

48

percent

of

the

of

population but their participation in the

production, undertake risks and operate the

economic activities is only 34percent.The

enterprise in most effective manner with a

gender

view to earning profit. The prospective role

estimate the extent of women participation

of a women entrepreneur in India has been

in the countries economic and political

realized since a long time Indian history

activities, rank India as 110th of the 166

reveals that there have been several women

nations. In the emerging complex social

like Razia Sultan, Lakshmi Bai, Nur Jahan,

scenario, women have a pivotal role to play.

Rani padmini who have successfully ruled

Now women have taken up entrepreneurial

their Kingdoms. In modern India also

role in order to create a meaning for

several women leaders and administrators

themselves.

like

Gandhi,

housewives are gradually changing into

Vijyalakshmi Pandit who have succeeded in

women entrepreneurs. Some of the factors

their

women

responsible for these changes are better

empowerment has been important role of

education, changing socio cultural values

Governments and other non-governmental

and need for supplementary income.

resources,

combine

Sarojini

the

Naidu,

statesmanship.

factors

Indira

The

organizations. The women are endowed with innate power that can make them successful

empowerment

The

measures,

traditional

which

roles

of

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurship is inherent

and

also

a

natural

process.

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130

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

To find out the factors which encourage

women

to

become

entrepreneurs?

in India. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based

barriers

to

starting

and

growing their businesses, like discriminatory

To study the support given by the

property, matrimonial and inheritance laws

government to women entrepreneurs.

and/or cultural practices; lack of access to

To examine the obstacles faced by

formal finance mechanisms limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc.

women entrepreneurs.

To

know

recent

development

trends

of

in

Women

Women’s entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong

contribution

to

the

economic well-being of the family and

Entrepreneurs.

communities,

Methodology

poverty

reduction

and

women’s empowerment. Thus, governments

Secondary sources of literature have

across the world as well as various

been used for the development of

developmental organizations are actively

this concept.

assisting

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

and

promoting

women

entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures.

For

any

developing

country,

Women

entrepreneurs play the vital role particularly

Over the past few decades women are

in terms of their contribution to the

coming out of the boundaries of houses and

economic

Women

proving their ability and competencies in the

entrepreneurship has been recognized as an

business world. Today the roles of women

important source of economic growth. By

are not confined to the traditional role of a

establishing their new venture women

mother or a housewife. The role of modern

entrepreneurs

for

women is much wider than, what it was

themselves and others and also provide

previously. A woman has to play multiple

society

roles,

development.

with

generate

different

new

jobs

solutions

to

besides

playing

the

role

of

management, organization and business

housewife/mother/daughter, she has to play

problems. However, they still represent

different roles in community in the social

minority as women entrepreneurs, especially

settings simultaneously. Because of Indian

All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

131

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

culture traditional customs women, even

role

after 63 years of independence, are facing

requirements and agricultural activities and

bias. This has adversely affected the status

weaving during the Vedic Period.In the

of Indian business women.

traditional economy, they played vital roles

Evolution of Women Entrepreneurship in India

in

creating

household

utility

in agriculture industry andservices.Women’s informal

trading

activities

in

the

international distribution system have been

In India, women’s participation in

well documented since early 1950s. Since

economic activity is common fromtime

1970 systematic efforts have been made by

immemorial. The role of women has gone

the

through several transitions. Ittook centuries

employment

for women’s roles to move in the present

entrepreneurship in India became popular in

direction. There aresome regions where

the late 1970s and now more and more

women live in a barbarian era, chained and

women are emerging as entrepreneurs in all

shackled to thesocial taboos, restrictions and

kinds of economic activities.According to

lakshmanarekhas of others who frame a

the 1971 Census, the total female working

code Gender and Poverty in India, World

population is about 13.8 per cent of the total

Bank Report, 1991.of conduct. At the same

work force. Itwas only from Fifth Five

time there are other regions where women

YearPlan (1974-78) onwards that women’s

fight for and win freedom and opportunity to

development was recognized as an identified

play their roles in a new context with new

sectorDuring

occupations and

a new way of life. As

capable, competent confident and assertive

regards the ancient industries of India,

and had a clear idea about the ventures to be

family was the unit of production where

undertaken and they succeeded in them.

women played an important role in the

Many

production process.Even in Mohenjo-Daro

enterprises of their parents or husbands and

and Harappa culture, women shared a

proved their competence and capabilities.

responsible positionwith men and helped in

Women acquired high self-esteem and the

spinning and clay modeling and other simple

capability

Government among

to

promote women.

the1990s,

women

of

solving

Women

women

entered

self-

were

large-scale

the

problems

arts andcrafts. Women played a very pivotal All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

132

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

independently

through

economic

independence.

•

Confronting uncertainty

Challenges of women entrepreneurs Recent surveys indicate that the gender gap

In the 21st century women are becoming experts in all the fields.With the growing awareness about business and the spread of education, theyhave entered new areas such as engineering, electronics and energy and acquiredexpertise in these fields. Many of

in entrepreneurship persists at different levels and varying widely in India.Research suggests that there are some commonalities as

to

However, in India a large

number of highly educated women do notseek employment. Marriage and family have always been the first choice formost Indian

women.

The

number

of

men

inautonomous start-up category is twice that of women, thrice in the category of

and

ultimate

1. Access to financial resources: Even though the literature is not conclusive, a common challenge for women to establish and run a business is access and control over finance. Women entrepreneurs appear to have less access to external sources of capital than men when securing finances.

2. Inadequate training and access to information:

manageresses.

Characteristics entrepreneurs

proximate

determinants of these differences:-

the new industries are headed and guided bywomen.

the

of

women

One challenge often mentioned in research on women entrepreneurs in developing

•

Imagination

countries is that they enjoy a relatively low

•

Flexibility

level of education and skill training. This,

•

Time orientation

combined with a lack of career guidance,

•

Attribute to work hard

generally seems tolimit their access to

•

Stress takers

various publically and privately offered

•

Business communication skill

support

•

Leadership

development services and informationon

•

Determination

business growth. Others found that a lack of

•

Ability to desire to take risk

services

including

business

experience and skills also accounted for the

All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

133

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

fact that women entrepreneurs had a

legitimacy of the business as perceived by

preference in industry orientation and thus

customers and creditors. Furthermore, some

were less well represented in industrial

studies indicate that women strongly rely on

activities. In particular professional agencies

support

have not been efficient in disseminating

relatives in order to successfully start and

information to entrepreneurs, and that the

grow a business.

training and assistance provided by support services do not meet the specific needs of

4. Women’s safety and gender based violence:

women entrepreneurs Similar challenges

Others identify the issue of safety

identified in other developing countries are a

and protection of women entrepreneurs,

lack

especially those operating in the informal

of

access

entrepreneurial

to

and

ICTs,

insufficient

management

from

husbands,

partners,

and

skills,

economy. Even though less documented in

together with problems in finding the

academic research, there are numerous

markets and distribution networks.

stories of killings, harassment and rape of female vendors and micro-business owners.

3. Work-family interface:

This results in stress, constant fear and not frequent

having the opportunity to freely choose your

mentioned challenge is the combination of

business location and time of opening hours

the business with family responsibilities,

which seriously limits the chances and

which may undermine the success of the

choices

business .Women entrepreneurs indicate that

entrepreneur for women in some developing

they deploy several strategies to cope with

country.

the double workload and challenges deriving

5. Lack of societal support:

from combining business with family but

Furthermore,

while

provide

normative constraints and societal attitudes

flexibility. The amount of time spent caring

based on cultural and religious beliefs in

for children are negatively related to

some countries are not supportive of the

success. Furthermore, the location of the

work of women in general or that of women

business at home may also undermine the

in entrepreneurship in particular . In a

Another

more

recently

self-employment

may

of

All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

becoming

research

a

point

successful

out

that

134

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

variety of countries, the perception is that Presently the women efforts on from all

entrepreneurship is an appropriate career choice for men and not women, or only for the poor and not the educated, which in most cases are women. These perceptions are mostly

based

on

entrepreneurship

the

with

association traditional

of male

areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs and their greater participation in the entrepreneurial activities.

Following efforts can be taken into account for

effective

development

of

women

entrepreneurs.

stereotypes.

Consider women as specific target

6. Legal barriers and procedures: Varying across countries, the lack of government support in terms of policy, laws

group for all developmental programmers.

and services has been identified as a barrier for women entrepreneurs. Even though this varies

greatly

across

countries,

most

research indicates that regulations, taxation and legal barriers can pose serious obstacles for running and starting a business. This may affect both men and women to a certain

schemes should be extended to women folk from government part.

Adequate training program on management skills to be provided to women community.

Encourage women's participation in

extent.

7.Decision making and problem solving: Quick decision making and problem solving approach is not commonly foundamong the women entrepreneurs. They get emotionally involved

Better educational facilities and

in

tackling

problems.

When

problems are brought down to one’s personal level, objective analysis is lost and solutions to the problems are hardly found.

decision-making.

Vocational training to be extended to women community that enables them to understand the production process and production management.

Skill development to be done in women's polytechnics and industrial training institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-production

Ways of promoting Women Entrepreneurs

workshops.

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135

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

Training on professional competence

Ekta Kapoor, Creative

and leadership skill to be extended to

Director, balaji Telefilms

women entrepreneurs.

Ltd.

Encourage women’s participation in

Jyoti Naik, President, Lijjat

decision making.

Papad.

Women development corporations

Kiran Mazumdar Shaw,

have to gain access to open-ended

Chairman andManaging

financing.

director, Biocon Ltd.

A women Guidance cell set-upto

Lalita D.Gupte, JMD, ICICI

handle the various problems of women entrepreneurs all over the

Bank.

Naina Lal Kidwar, Deputy CEO, HBSE.

state.

Training and counseling on a large

Preetha Reddy, Managing

scale of existing women entrepreneurs to remove

Director, Apollo hospitals.

Priya Paul, Chairman,

psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success

Apeejay Park Hotels.

Rajshree Pathy, Chairman, Rajshree Sugars & Chemicals ltd.

Ranjana Kumar, Chairman,

.

NABARD.

Successful Women Entrepreneurs in India: Akhila srinivasan, Managing Director, Shriram Investments ltd.

Chanda Kocchar, Executive Director, ICICI Bank

At present, the Government of India has over 27 schemes for women. Some of these are: Assistance to Rural Women in NonFarm Development (ARWIND) schemes

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136

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

Entrepreneurial Development

Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas

programme (EDPs)

Pariyojana (RGMVP)

Indira Mahila Yojana

SIDBI’s Mahila Udyam Nidhi

Indira Mahila Kendra

SBI’s Stree Shakti Scheme

Integrated Rural Development

Trade Related Entrepreneurship

Programme (IRDP)

Assistance and Development

Khadi And Village Industries

(TREAD) Working Women’s Forum

Commission (KVIC) Management Development

Training of Rural Youth for Self-

progammes

Employment (TRYSEM)

Women’s Development Corporations (WDCs)

SWOT Analysis: A parameter to

Marketing of Non-Farm Products of Rural Women (MAHIMA) Mahila Vikas Nidhi

women entrepreneurs’ development in India.

Mahila Samiti Yojana

Strength: Women entrepreneur can be defined

Mahila Vikas Nidhi

as a confident, innovative and

Micro Credit Scheme Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programmes (MSE-

creative women capable of achieving self economic independence individually or in collaboration

CDP).

generate employment opportunities

NGO’s Credit Schemes National Banks for Agriculture and Rural Development’s Schemes Priyadarshini Project- A programme for Rural Women Empowerment and Livelihood in Mid Gangetic Plains’ Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY)

examine the growth and performance of

for others through initiating, establishing and running the enterprise by keeping pace with her personal, family and social life.Women prefer to work from their own residence, difficulty in getting suitable jobs and desire for social

Rashtriya Mahila Kosh All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

137

ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

recognition motivates them self–

•

employment.

Business opportunities that are approaching for women entrepreneurs are eco–

friendly technology, Bio-

Weaknesses: •

technology, IT enabled

Absence of proper support,

enterprises, event

cooperation and back-up for

management, tourist

women by their own family

industry,

members and the outside

Telecommunication, Plastic

world people force them to

materials, Mineral water,

drop the idea of excelling in

Herbal & health care, Food,

the enterprise field.

•

fruits and vegetables

Women’s family obligations

processing.

also bar them from becoming

•

successful entrepreneurs in

new opportunities in the

both developed and

rural areas such as Ice cream,

developing nations.

•

Women entrepreneurs avail

channel products, papads and

Achievement motivation of

pickles and readymade

the women folk found less

garments.

compared to male members.

•

The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that

Threats: •

they are women.

Fear of expansion and Lack of access to technology.

•

Opportunity: •

Lack of self–confidence, will power, strong mental outlook

Women inculcate entrepreneurial values and involve greatly in business

and

optimistic

attitude

amongst women creates a fear

from

committing

dealings.

All Rights Reserved @ 2016 IJARMATE

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ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

mistakes while doing their

thus

piece of work.

entrepreneur at par with men.

Credit

•

discrimination

Insecure

and

to

be

a

great

*P. Hima Bindu, PG student from, Gates

poor

infrastructure and

‘women’

and

Non Cooperative officials.

•

allow

Dealing

with male laborers.

institution of Technology,Gooty515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: himabindu9913@gmail.com

Indian women give emphasis

•

to

family

ties

and

**T. Dada Khalandar, PG student from, Gates institution of Technology,Gooty-

relationships.

515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: khalandartinkar@gmail.com

Conclusion: Women

Entrepreneurs

a

part

of

the

***P. Mohammed Gouse, PG student from,

mainstream of National Economy and they

Gates institution of Technology,Gooty-

can contribute to the economic progress of

515401.Andhra Pradesh.

India

Email:gousemohammed63@gmail.com

in

this

era

of

Globalization.

Empowering women entrepreneurs is crucial for achieving the goals of sustainable development and the bottlenecks hindering their growth must be reduced to enable full

****K. Mounika, PG student from, Gates institution of Technology,Gooty515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email: kmounika0594@gmail.com

participation in the business. As a result, the desired outcomes of the business are quickly

****B.Divya,PG student from , Gates

achieved and more of remunerative business

institution of Technology,Gooty-

opportunities

515401.Andhra Pradesh. Email:

are

found.

Therefore

promoting entrepreneurship among Indian

bathinidivya94@gmail.com

women is certainly a short-cut to rapid economic growth and development. Let us try to eradicate all kinds of gender bias and

References:

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ISSN (ONLINE): 2454-9762 ISSN (PRINT): 2454-9762 Available online at www.ijarmate.com International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and Engineering (IJARMATE) Vol. II, Issue IV, April 2016

1. Baporikar, N. entrepreneurship

Publicationhouse,second revised edition.

development & project management-

Websites:

Himalaya publication house.

Www. Smallindustryindia.com

2. Gordon E. & Natarajan K.:

www.dcmsme.gov.in/schemes

entrepreneurship development – Himalaya

www.newsweek.com

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