Review on Hello Flood Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks

IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 02 | July 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Review on Hello Flood Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks Priyanka Department of Computer Science & Engineering GZS Campus College of Engineering & Technology Bathinda, Punjab, India

Dinesh Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering GZS Campus College of Engineering & Technology Bathinda, Punjab, India

Abstract Wireless sensor networks have emerged a wide application for monitoring physical environment. Energy efficiency, Processing capability and communication range are the limitations of sensor networks. Moreover, the wireless networks are vulnerable to certain types of network attacks. One of them is the hello flood attack, in which a non- legal node in the network can flood hello requests to the legitimate nodes and break the security of WSN. The solutions for these types of attacks are mainly cryptographic that suffers from heavy computational complexity. Hence, they are less suitable for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a new centralized intrusion detection system is proposed to detect and prevent hello flood attacks in cluster-based wireless sensors networks. The main idea of using centralized detection scheme, in which the base station decides on potential intrusions based on the control packets that are being sent from the cluster heads. The proposed energy efficient and simple intrusion detection technique is thus suitable for sensor nodes with resource constrained. Moreso, the simulation result confirms the expected performance of the proposed intrusion detection system in the terms of security and energy efficiency.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Centralized Intrusion Detection System _ Misuse Detection _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNS) A wireless sensor network is an infrastructure consists of sensing, computing, and communication elements that gives the ability to instrument to an administrator, observe, and react to events and phenomena in a specified environment. WSN is a large array of diverse sensor nodes that are interconnected by a communication network. For a distributed estimated system, the sensing data are shared between the sensor nodes and are used as input. Reliability, Accuracy, Flexibility, Cost effectiveness, and Ease of deployment are the fundamental objectives for WSN. WSN is made up of individual multifunctional sensor nodes.

Features of Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor networks have various unique features that are listed below:  Self-organizing  Cooperation of sensor nodes  Dynamically changing topology  Short range communication and multihop routing  Limited energy, computational power and memory Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks     

Military: monitor friendly forces, equipment; battlefield surveillance; reconnaissance of opposing forces; targeting; nuclear, detection of biological and chemical attack.

Environmental: forest-fire detection; bio complexity-mapping of the environment; flood detection and the precision agriculture.

Health: tele monitoring of human’s physiological data; monitoring as well as tracking doctors and patients inside a hospital; drug Administration in hospitals.

Home: the home automation; smart environment.

Other commercial areas: environmental control in office buildings; interactive museums; detecting and monitoring the car thefts; vehicle tracking and detection.

II. CLUSTERING IN WSN

Clustering is a useful mechanism in large multi-hop wireless sensor networks to obtain scalability, low energy consumption and better network performance. Most of the research has been focused on energy-efficient solutions, but has not thoroughly

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Review on Hello Flood Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 025)

analyzed the performance of network, e.g. in terms of data collection rate and time. It is evident that by organizing the sensor nodes in groups i.e., nodes in the form of clusters, we can achieve significant network performance gains. Clustering not only allows for aggregation, but also limits the transmission of data primarily within the cluster, thereby reducing both the network traffic and the contention for the channel.

Grouping sensor nodes into clusters has been widely pursued by the research community in order to achieve the network scalability objective. To support data aggregation through efficient network organization, nodes can be partitioned into a number of small groups called clusters, where each cluster has a coordinator, referred to as a cluster head, and a no. of member nodes.

Clustering results in a two-tier hierarchy in which cluster heads (CHs) forms higher tier while member nodes form the lower tier.

The member nodes report about their data to the respective CHs. The CHs aggregate the data and send to the central base through other CHs as CHs often transmit data over longer distances and they lose more energy as compared to member nodes.

The network may be periodically reclustered in order to select the energy abundant nodes to serve as CHs, thus distributing the load uniformly to all the nodes. Besides achieving energy efficiency, clustering reduces the channel contention and collisions of packet, resulting in better network throughput under high load.

A CH can schedule the activities in cluster so that the nodes can switch most of the time to the low-power sleep mode and reduces the rate of energy consumption. Sensors can be engaged in a round-robin order and the time for their transmission and reception can be determined so to avoid sensors reties, redundancy can be limited and medium access collision is prevented.

Moreso, a CH can aggregate the whole data collected by the sensors in its cluster and thus decrease the no. of relayed packets.

III. HELLO FLOOD ATTACK Many of the protocols which use HELLO packets make the naive assumption that receiving such a packet means that the sender is within radio range and is therefore a neighbor. An adversary may use a high-powered transmitter to track a large area of nodes believing that they are neighbors of that transmitting node. If the adversary broadcasts falsely a superior route to the base station, all of these nodes will attempt the transmission to the attacking node, despite many being out of radio range in reality.

Fig. 1: HELLO flood attack in WSN IV. CONCLUSION

In WSNs, two of the most important concerns are the requirement of low power consumption and the vulnerability to many types of security threats. In order to address the above points, we have proposed in this paper an intrusion detection system(IDS) dedicated to cluster-based wireless sensor networks(WSNs). In fact, our IDS can detect routing attacks such as black hole attacks. Our IDS uses a simple intrusion detection technique and is energy efficient, it is thus suitable for sensor nodes with resource constrained .Here the detection of Hello Flood Attacks is done and the protocols which use HELLO packets make the assumption that receiving such a packet means sender is within radio range and is therefore a neighbor.

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