Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete

IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 04 | September 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete Nitin Goel M. Tech. Student Department of Civil Engineering Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

R. K. Sharma Head of Dept.

Department of Civil Engineering Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

Sonu Gautam Faculty Department of Civil Engineering Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

Abstract The Rice Husk Ash can be used as an alternative material instead of ordinary Portland cement. This technology could reduce the CO2 emission to the atmosphere caused by the cement industries. In the present investigation, a feasibility study is made to use Rice Husk Ash as an admixture to replace Portland cement in Concrete, and an attempt has been made to investigate the strength parameters of concrete (Compressive and Flexural). For control concrete, IS method of mix design is adopted and considering this a basis, mix design for replacement method has been made. Five different replacement levels namely 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% are chosen for the study concern to replacement method with range of curing periods starting from 7days and 28days are considered in the present study. Therefore, this paper aims at experimental study of variation of percentage of rice husk ash with cement for improvement in properties of concrete.

Keywords: Characteristic Strength, Portland Cement, RHA, Super Plasticizer, Split Tensile Strength _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

This study is based on experimental work. This study will focus on standard concrete with characteristic strength of 40 N/mm2 at 28 days in which ingredients are Ordinary Portland cement and rice husk ash at different percentages such as 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 percent as binder, 20 mm coarse aggregate and river sand, Conplast SP440 as a super plasticizer. Different percentage of rice husk ash will use as a partially replacement of cement and super plasticizer will use for improve workability. The percentage of super plasticizer will depend upon the workability of concrete. The super plasticizer doses also depend upon the percentage replacement of rice husk ash without loss of workability. By the use of different percentage of rice husk ash in OPC the optimum value of replacement can be find by the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength test will be on universal testing machine with mould of cube, cylinder and beam respectively at 7 days and 28 days. The durability test will be conducted after 28 days. The result will be obtained and the comparison of properties will be done for the efficient construction.

The aim of the present investigation is:  To study different strength properties compressive Strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of Rice husk ash concrete with age in comparison to Control concrete.  To study the relative strength development with age of Rice husk ash concrete with Control concrete of same grade.  To determine the optimum level of replacement of rice husk ash with ordinary Portland cement.  To determine the initial setting time and final setting time of rice husk ash concrete.  To determine the workability of Rice husk ash concrete with super plasticizer.  To conduct durability studies on Rice husk ash concrete with mineral admixtures.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW 1) Gemma Rodrı´guez de Sensale (2006) presented a study on the development of compressive strength up to 91 days of concretes with rice-husk ash (RHA), were used for comparison. Two different replacement percentages of cement by RHA, 10% and 20%, and three different water/cementicious material ratios (0.50, 0.40 and 0.32), were used. The results are compared with those of the concrete without RHA, with splitting tensile strength and air permeability.

2) Rahmat Madandoust, Malek Mohammad Ranjbar, Hamed Ahmadi Moghadam, Seyed Yasin Mousavi (2011) studied the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) on concrete properties and durability. To establish the suitable proportion of RHA for the

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Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)

partial replacement of cement, concrete mixtures with 0-30% RHA were produced and their mechanical properties were determined.

3) Gemma Rodríguez de Sensale (2010) studied in the paper; the effects of partial replacements of Portland cement by ricehusk ash (RHA) on the durability of conventional and high performance cementitious materials are investigated.

4) Ha Thanh Le, Sang Thanh Nguyen, and Horst-Michael Ludwig (2014) did an experimental study of the effect of RHA blending on workability, strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete (HPFGC). The results show that the addition of RHA to HPFGC improved significantly compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and chloride penetration resistance.

III. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The Experimental investigation is planned as under:  To obtain Mix proportions of Control concrete by IS method.  To conduct Compression test on RHA concrete and control concrete on standard IS specimen size 150x150x150 mm.  To conduct split tensile test on RHA concrete and control concrete on standard IS specimen size 150x300 mm.  To conduct Flexural test on RHA concrete and Control concrete on standard IS specimen size 100 x 100 x 500 mm.  To conduct durability test on RHA concrete on standard IS specimen size 100x100x100 mm.

Mix Proportioning of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Concrete In this method, five replacements of cement i.e., 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% with Rice husk ash (RHA) are done, where as the total binder content remains the same. The mix proportions considered for each replacement by replacement method with RHA are presented in tables

Grade of Concrete

Table – 1 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 5% replacement of cement Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 5% Replacement Cement in Rice Husk Ash Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water In Kgs in Kgs In Kgs In Kgs Ltrs

M40

0.95

0.05

IN CUM

363.37

19.125

Grade of Concrete M40 IN CUM

3.64

0.40

482.46 1394.06 153 Table – 2 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 7.5% replacement of cement Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 7.5% Replacement Cement In Rice Husk Ash Fine Coarse Water In Kgs In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Ltrs 0.925 0.075 1.261 3.64 0.40 353.81

Grade of Concrete

1.261

28.68

482.46 1394.06 153 Table – 3 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 10% replacement of cement Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 10% Replacement Cement In Rice Husk Ash Fine Coarse Water In Kgs In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Ltrs

Super Plasticizer In Ltrs 1 3.63

Super Plasticizer In Ltrs 1 3.53

Super Plasticizer In Ltrs

M40

0.90

0.10

1.261

3.64

0.40

1

IN CUM

344.25

38.25

482.46

1394.06

153

3.44

Grade of Concrete

Table – 4 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 12.5% replacement of cement Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 12.5% Replacement Cement Rice Husk Ash Fine Coarse Water In In Kgs In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Ltrs

M40

0.875

0.125

IN CUM

334.68

47.81

Grade of Concrete

1.261

3.64

Super Plasticizer In Ltrs

0.40

482.46 1394.06 153 Table – 5 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 15% replacement of cement Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 15% Replacement Cement In Rice Husk Ash Fine Coarse Water In Kgs In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Aggregate In Kgs Ltrs

1 3.34

Super Plasticizer In Ltrs

M40

0.85

0.15

1.261

3.64

0.40

1

IN CUM

325.125

57.37

482.46

1394.06

153

3.25

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Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)

Mixture Proportions of Rice Husk Concrete Investigated Mixture 0% 5% RHA 7.5% RHA 10% RHA 12.5% RHA 15% RHA

Cement (kg/m3) 382.5 363.37 353.81 344.25 334.68 325.125

Table – 6 Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete RHA (kg/m3) Water (kg/m3) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) 0 153 482.46 19.125 153 482.46 28.68 153 482.46 38.25 153 482.46 47.81 153 482.46 57.37 153 482.46

Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06

SP (%) 3.82 3.63 3.53 3.44 3.34 3.25

Results Cube Compressive Strength The cube compressive strength results at the various ages such as 7,28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%, 5%,7.5%,10%,12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table.

Table – 7 Compressive strength results of different age and different replacement level RICE HUSK ASH % 7days (Mpa) 28days (Mpa) 0 29.2 41.71 5 27.38 43.35 7.5 27.95 46.68 10 26.94 Not yet tested 12.5 26.36 Not yet tested 15 23.01 Not yet tested

Fig. 1: Influence of RHA on compressive strength

a)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete At 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 7.1 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease In Strength 5% -6.198 7.5% -4.280 10% -7.739 12.5% -9.726 15% -21.198

b)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 7.2 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease In Strength 5% 3.931 7.5% 11.91 10% Not yet tested 12.5% Not yet tested 15% Not yet tested

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Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)

Splitting Tensile Strength The Splitting Tensile strength results at the various ages such as 7, 28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table.

Table – 8 Split tensile strength results of different age and different replacement level RICE HUSK ASH % 7days (Mpa) 28days (Mpa) 0 2.12 3.028 5 1.99 3.126 7.5 2.035 3.225 10 1.96 Not yet tested 12.5 1.91 Not yet tested 15 1.679 Not yet tested

Fig. 2: Influence of RHA on split tensile strength

a)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 8.1 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease In Strength 5% -6.132 7.5% -4.00 10% -7.547 12.5% -9.905 15% -22.801

b)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 8.2 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease In Strength 5% 3.236 7.5% 6.505 10% Not yet tested 12.5% Not yet tested 15% Not yet tested

Flexural Strength The Flexural strength results at the various ages such as 7, 28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table.

Table – 9 Flexural strength results of different age and different replacement level RICE HUSK ASH % 7days (Mpa) 28days (Mpa) 0 3.67 5.24 5 3.58 5.622 7.5 3.62 5.73 10 3.53 Not yet tested 12.5 3.51 Not yet tested 15 3.32 Not yet tested

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Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)

Fig. 3: Influence of RHA on flexural strength

a)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table - 9.1 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease in Strength 5% -2.452 7.5% -1.36 10% -3.81 12.5% -4.359 15% -14.986

b)

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table - 9.2 Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT INCREASE OR DECREASE IN STRENGTH 5% 7.251 7.5% 9.351 10% Not yet tested 12.5% Not yet tested 15% Not yet tested

Workability Test The workability test of plain concrete and Rice Husk Concrete has done by compaction factor testing apparatus. The compaction factor test is essential to find out the concrete is either workable or not. The compaction factor of plain concrete and Rice Husk Concrete are presented in table.

NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Rice Husk ASH (%) 0 5 7.5 10 12.5 15

W/C Ratio 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

Cement (KG/M3) 382.5 363.37 353.81 344.25 334.68 325.125

Table – 10 Workability test Rice Husk ASH Water (KG/M3) (KG/M3) 0 153 19.125 153 28.68 153 38.25 153 47.81 153 57.37 153

F.A (KG/M3) 482.46 482.46 482.46 482.46 482.46 482.46

C.A (KG/M3) 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06 1394.06

S.P (% WT. of Cement) 3.82 3.63 3.53 3.44 3.34 3.25

Compaction Factor 0.904 0.901 0.88 0.864 0.842 0.82

Setting Times The initial setting time and the final setting times are at the various replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table.

Table – 11 Setting times of concrete at different replacement level of RHA Paste Normal Consistency % Initial setting time (min) Final setting time (min) OPC (test in winter) 30 220 320 5% of RHA (test in summer) 27 95 180 7.5% of RHA (test in summer) 30 125 180 10% of RHA (test in summer) 33 120 250 12.5% of RHA (test in summer) 35 140 245 15% of RHA (test in summer) 32.5 95 200

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Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)

Durability Test (Saturated Water Absorption) Table – 12 Water absorption test of concrete of different replacement of RHA Sample Saturated weight (Kg) Owen dried weight (Kg) Absorption (%) 0% 2.347 2.28 2.94 5% of RHA 2.366 2.30 2.89 7.5% of RHA 2.4906 2.42 2.917 10% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested 12.5% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested 15% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested

Cost Analysis

% of RHA

RHA (KG)

0 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 Total Weight (Kg) Total Cost Grand Total

0 1.72 2.6 3.459 4.33 5.189

Cost of RHA RS. 0 0 0 0 0 0

17.289

Cement (KG) 34.59 32.86 31.99 31.131 30.26 29.401

Cost of Cement RS. 290.55 276.024 268.716 261.50 254.184 246.968

190.235 0

Table – 13 Cost analysis of project work Fine Cost of Coarse Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate (Kg) RS. (KG) 43.59 126.04 43.59 126.04 43.59 126.04 305.13 43.59 126.04 43.59 126.04 43.59 126.04 261.54

1597.09 42

Cost of Aggregate Rs.

S.P (Kg)

882.28

0.3459 0.3286 0.3199 0.3113 0.3026 0.29401

756.24 305.13

45µ Seive

Steel Roads

1

20

1050

4500

1.899 882.28

75.96

Rupees

IV. CONCLUSION      

The compressive strength obtained after replacement of cement with rice husk ash is greater than that obtained from cement alone.

The concrete prepared by replacing some % of cement by RHA is more workable.

Durability of the modified concrete increases in terms of water absorption.

The cost of modified concrete is less as compared to conventional concrete.

Setting time increase with the replacement of RHA. Use of RHA in concrete proves to be better utilization of RHA and safe disposal also.

REFERENCES

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Gemma Rodrı´guez de Sensale: Strength development of concrete with rice-husk ash.(2005) V. Ramasamy: Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of Rice Husk Ash Concrete.(2011) Hwang Chao-Lung , Bui Le Anh-Tuan, Chen Chun-Tsun: Effect of rice husk ash on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete.(2011) Rahmat Madandoust , Malek Mohammad Ranjbar , Hamed Ahmadi Moghadamb, Seyed Yasin Mousavi: Mechanical properties and durability assessment of rice husk ash concrete.(2011) Ha Thanh Le, Sang Thanh Nguyen, and Horst-Michael Ludwig: A Study on High Performance Fine-Grained Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash.(2014)

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