An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggase ash and Fly Ash in Concrete

IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 04 | September 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010

An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete Yashwanth M K Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering MIT, Mysore

Nagarjuna P Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering CIT, Ponnampet

Abstract This paper aims to ascertain the synergic effect of utilizing bagasse ash and fly ash in concrete. In this study, bagasse ash & fly ash were physically and chemically characterized and partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement to produce concrete. The fresh properties of concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength were carried out. From the results, it was observed that fresh properties of the bagasse ash and fly ash concrete like workability increases as the percentage of replacement of bagasse ash and fly ash increases and compressive strength of bagasse ash and flyash based concrete increases up to 15% ash replacement level as compared to normal concrete.

Keywords: Bagasse Ash, Fly Ash Compressive Strength, Workability _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major construction material throughout the world. However, the production of Portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO 2, a greenhouse gas (GHG); production of one ton of Portland cement produces about one ton of CO 2 and other GHGs. Researchers all over the world today are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or Agricultural waste, as a source of raw materials for industry. This waste, utilization would not only be economical, but may also result in foreign exchange earnings and environmental pollution control.

Industrial wastes, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume are being used as supplementary cement replacement materials. Currently, there has been an attempt to utilize large amount of bagasse ash, a residue from an in-line sugar industry and the bagasse-biomass fuel in electric generation industry. When this waste is burnt under controlled conditions, ash is produced having amorphous silica, which has pozzolanic properties. The objectives of this research is to study a synergic effect of Sugar cane bagasse ash(SCBA) with fly ash(FA) incorporated in concrete in order to increase in strength and a better bonding between aggregate and cement paste.

II. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Material Characterization Cement Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade conforming to IS: 12269-1987(9) was used in the present study. Tests conducted on cement are consistency tests, setting tests, soundness test etc. the results are shown in the table 1.

Sl. no.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Table – 1 Physical properties of OPC 43 grade cement Tests Results Requirements as per IS: 12269-2013 Normal Consistency 34% Setting time 134 min Min 30 mins Initial setting time 298 min Max 600 mins Final setting time Soundness 1mm 10mm Specific gravity 3.10 Fineness of cement (by sieve analysis) 4.60% 10%

Test code IS: 4031(Part 4)-1988 IS: 4031(Part 5)-1988 IS: 4031(Part 3)-1988 IS: 4031 IS: 4031

Fine Aggregate Natural sand is used as fine aggregate. The properties of fine aggregate are determined as per relevant Indian standards and test results are shown in Table 2.

Sl. No 1.

2.

Tests Specific gravity Fineness modulus

Table – 2 Properties of fine aggregate Results Requirements as per is: 383- 1970 2.61 2.3 to 3 2.30 2.3 – 3.5

Test code IS: 2386(Part 3) IS: 2386(Part 1)

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An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 031)

3.

4.

Silt content Water Absorption

1% 2.57%

<3%

IS: 2386 IS: 2386(Part 3)

Coarse Aggregate Natural aggregates are used as coarse aggregate. The properties of coarse aggregate are determined as per relevant Indian standards and test results are shown in Table 3.

Sl. No. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Tests Specific gravity Water absorption Fineness modulus Shape test Flakiness Index Elongation Index Crushing value Angularity Number

Table – 3 Properties of coarse aggregate Results Requirements as per IS: 383-1970 2.62 2.5 to 3 0.59% 6.5 5 to 8

Test IS code IS: 2386(Part 3)-1963 IS: 2386(Part 3)-1963 IS: 2386(Part 1)-1963

17.56% 28.14%

<30%

IS: 2386(Part 4)-1963

20.97% 6.58

<45% 0 to 11

IS: 2386(Part 4)-1963 IS: 2386(Part1)- 1963

Fly Ash Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises of fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed as bottom ash. The chemical and physical properties of fly ash are shown in Table 4 and Table 5 Silica SiO2 (%) 96.86

Table - 4 Chemical Properties of Fly ash Alumina Al2O3 (%) Ferrous Fe2O3 (%) Calcium oxide CaO (%) Loss on Ignition (LOI) % 0.24 0.16 0.92 1.72 Table – 5 Physical properties of Fly Ash Sl. No Tests Results Recommended values 1.

Specific Gravity 2.18 2 SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 97.26 < 70% or < 60% 3 Fineness 2.8 < 10%

As per IS 3812(part1)-2013 specifications the combined chemical composition of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 ≥ 70% which satisfies the pozzolanic nature of fly ash and classified as class F pozzolana satisfying the above requirements the ash has got pozzolanic properties and hence it can be used as a supplementary cementitious materials in concrete.

Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) Source: Pandavapura Sugar Factory (P.S.S.K.Ltd) The field observation and qualitative studies of sugarcane bagasse ash revealed that it consists of a major amount of carbon and organic materials. This is due to the incomplete combustion of bagasse fibre in boiler system. The sample of sugarcane bagasse ash was found to have completely burnt silica-rich fine particles and two different types of carbon-rich fibrous unburnt particles named coarse fibrous particles and fine fibrous particles ashes were chemically analyzed and physically characterized.

The chemical and physical properties of sugar cane bagasse ash are shown in table 6 and 7.

Silica SiO2 (%) 67.8

Table - 6 Chemical Properties of sugar cane bagasse ash Alumina Al2O3 (%) Ferrous Fe2O3 (%) Calcium oxide CaO (%) Loss on Ignition (LOI) % 0.06 0.18 1.39 22.12 Table - 7 Physical properties of sugar cane bagasse ash Sl. no Tests Results Recommended values 1.

Specific Gravity 1.98 2 SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 68.04 < 70% or < 60% 3 Fineness 4.1 < 10%

Mix Proportioning M-25 grade of concrete was used for the present investigation. Mix design was done based on IS 10262-2009. The Table 8.1 to 8.5 shows mix proportion of concrete (Kg/m3). a) Trail - 1: Total Percentage Replacement= 0 [Bagasse ash=0% + Fly ash= 0%] Table – 8.1 Material Requirements Materials Quantity (kg/m3) Cement 360 Fly ash 0 Bagasse ash 0 Water 197 Coarse aggregate 1010.4

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An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 031)

Fine aggregate

762.83

b)

Trail - 2: Total Percentage Replacement= 5 [Bagasse ash=2.5% + Fly ash= 2.5%]

c)

Trail - 3: Total Percentage Replacement= 10 [Bagasse ash=5% + Fly ash= 5%]

Table – 8.2 Material Requirement Materials Quantity (kg/m3) Cement 342 Fly ash 9 Bagasse ash 9 Water 197 Coarse aggregate 1007.4 Fine aggregate 760.5 Table – 8.3 Material Requirement Materials Quantity (kg/m3) Cement 324 Fly ash 18 Bagasse ash 18 Water 197 Coarse aggregate 1004.4 Fine aggregate 758.3

d)

Trail - 4: Total Percentage Replacement= 15 [Bagasse ash=7.5% + Fly ash= 7.5%] Table – 8.4 Material Requirement Materials Quantity (kg/m3) Cement 306 Fly ash 27 Bagasse ash 27 Water 197 Coarse aggregate 1001.4 Fine aggregate 756.05

e)

Trail - 5: Total Percentage Replacement= 0 [Bagasse ash=0% + Fly ash= 0%] Table – 8.5 Material Requirement Materials Quantity (kg/m3) Cement 288 Fly ash 36 Bagasse ash 036 Water 197 Coarse aggregate 996.92 Fine aggregate 752.66

Fresh Properties Slump test is conducted to determine the fresh properties of concrete. Slump test is conducted as per IS: 1199 – 1959.

Fig. 1: Slump of concrete

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An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 031)

Table â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 9 Slump Value for Various % Replacement of SCBA and FA Trial no. % Replacement of SCBA and FA Slump (mm) 1 0 70 2 5 115 3 10 125 4 15 105 5 20 95

Fig. 2: Variation of Slump v/s Percentage Replacement of SCBA and FA

From the above graph, it indicates that increase in bagasse ash and fly ash content there will be increase in slump value as compared to controlled concrete. Increase in slump value is due to the low loss on ignition value in fly ash and higher specific surface area in ash.

Compressive Strength Test Hardened properties of concrete are conducted on cubes specimens of size 150mmx150mm150xmm.

The results are tabulated in table 10.

Trial no.

1 2 3 4 5

Table - 10 Compressive Strength Results Average Compressive Strength (MPa) % Replacement of SCBA and FA 3rd Day 7th Day 28th Day 0 14.35 16.79 27.20 5 17.96 22.37 32.87 10 16.71 17.59 31.50 15 12.43 17.22 29.90 20 12.03 16.92 20.54

Fig. 3: Variation of Strength of Concrete v/s Percentage Replacement of SCBA and FA

From the above graph, it indicates that increase in bagasse ash and flyash content there will be increase in compressive strength value as compared to controlled concrete at 28 days up to 15% ash substitution. The gain in strength is due to pozzolanic activity. Decrease in compressive strength values with increase in the substitution ratio indicated that filler effect is predominant only up to 15% ash substitution.

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An Experimental Study on Synergic Effect of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash and Fly Ash in Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 031)

III. CONCLUSIONS      

The oxide composition test indicated that, the fly ash can be classified as class N pozzolana as prescribed by ASTM C 618 & class F pozzolana as prescribed by IS:3812(Part1) 2013.

The oxide composition test indicated that, the bagasse can also be classified as class N pozzolana as Prescribed by ASTM C 618 & class F pozzolana as prescribed by IS: 3812(Part1) 2013.

The Loss on Ignition (LOI) of fly ash is higher than the recommended value hence it has predominant effect on workability and strength of concrete but Loss on Ignition (LOI) of bagassse ash is lower than the recommended value hence it has not much predominant effect on workability of concrete.

Synergic effect of Bagasse ash & fly ash up to 15% is found to be better substitute for cement for improving workability of concrete.

From the compressive strength results of cubes, it is found that on 15% of ashes replacement with cement will yield better compressive strength as compared to controlled concrete.

Thus, we can conclude that addition of up to 15% of bagasse ash and fly ash as substitute for cement to produce concrete which can be used for practical structural application REFERENCES

[1] [2] [3] [4]

R,Srinivasan, K Sathiya, “Experimental study on bagasse ash in concrete”, international journal for service learning in engineering, 2009.

Siripairod H, Palkert S, Sujjavanich , Chaysuwan D, “Development of concrete flooring tiles by Wastes, bagasses ash and fly ash for replacing type I portland cement”, the 3rd ACF international conference- ACF/VCA 2008.

M.R.Malaviya,B.chetterjee and K.K. Singh, “Fly ash- an emerging alternative building material”, National metallurgical Laboratory 1999.

E.rama sail,Amir jumal, D.V.VA.K Prakash, Shahbaz Hiaderl, S.Kanakambara Rao, “ An experimental study on synergic effect of sugar cane Bagasse ash with rice husk ash on self-compacting concrete” 2012.

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