Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper

IJIRST â&#x20AC;&#x201C;International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 4 | Issue 2 | July 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper Y. Brahmaiah PG Student Department of Mechanical Engineering Gudlavalleru Engineering College

S. Srikanth Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Gudlavalleru Engineering College

P. Prudhvi Raju Assistant Professor Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gudlavalleru Engineering College

Abstract 21st century, the world of hurry and busy, the social media is always in buzz with accidents which will cause loss of life and property. Drunk and drive, using communication devises while driving and rash driving which are usually does by the carelessness of the user, on the other hand lack of quality in manufacturing are the causes of these accidents up to greater extinct. There are few safety equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. bumpers is a main fragment which is attached to front and rear of an automobile which protects passengers from severe collisions. The normal bumpers made of steel and plastic fails while greater impacts, and costly to replace after damage. This article deals with special type of bumper which works on electromagnetic repulsion. The design and modeling of electromagnetic bumper is made of METGLASS rod winded with copper wire which is connected to DC supply. The model is attached with sensor which detects the opposing vehicle, this triggers the electromagnet to generate the required electromagnetic field to repulse the force which is generated by vehicle moving with a greater velocity of 33m/sec. To achieve the supporting results the model is embedded with principles of momentum. This model on proper implementation will enhance the protection by improve the crash worthiness during collision, and also the weight can be altered so that to attain fuel economy and minimizes the loss life and property. Keywords: Bumper, Electromagnet, Electromagnetic bumper _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.

INTRODUCTION

Since the first automobile was produced, there have been countless innovations in vehicle safety devices. These safety devices are intended to protect us from every type of injury that could possibly occur resulting from an auto accident. There are few safety equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. our idea deals with the bumper of a car. A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, minimizing repair costs, protect pedestrians from injury. Bumpers offer protection to other vehicle components by dissipating the kinetic energy generated by an impact. II. METHODOLOGY Methodology of this work is concentrated on the development of Electromagnetic bumper to protect passengers and also reducing the damage of car body during collisions. III. LITERATURE REVIEW Our aim is to design a Electromagnetic bumper that absorbs high impacts during collision compare to ordinary bumper, protects the occupants, Protecting the car bodies from damage during collisions, reduces Cost of repairs, eliminates the replacement cost of bumper, and also weight of the bumper is very low. IV. 3 DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF A REGULAR BUMPER

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Fig. 1: various views of a bumper

V. MODELING OF BUMPER IN SOLID WORKS Our modeling includes design of a bumper in solid works. Bumper of a car modeled according to dimensions of design by Using Solid Works.

Fig. 3.1: Model of Car Bumper

VI. ANALYSIS OF REGULAR BUMPER IN SOLID WORKS Analysis of the bumper is carried on explicit dynamics in ANSYS WORKBENCH software 15.0 .the analysis of car bumper is done on three different conditions. they are Analysis of car bumper during collision of a wall The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec and then hit a wall. The experimental results were recorded and shown below

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Directional deformation

Total deformation

Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Strain

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Analysis of car bumper during collision of another fixed bumper The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec and then hit a fixed bumper. The experimental results were

Directional deformation

Total deformation

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Strain

Analysis of car bumper during collision of another bumper The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec and then hit another bumper moving with a same velocity. The experimental results were

51

Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Directional deformation

Total deformation

Equivalent Stress

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Equivalent Strain

VII. COMPARISON OF DEFORMATION AND STRESSES AT THREE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS Conditions Bumper hit a wall Bumper hit a fixed bumper Bumper hit a another moving bumper

Directional deformation (m) 0.0001092 0.0092723 0.49667

Total deformation (m) 1.0957 1.338 0.5303

Equivalent Stresses (pa) 1.3214e11 1.4519e10 1.5925e11

Equivalent strain 1.9331 0.24729 1.9559

Different Collision conditions Vs Displacements Different Collision Condition Vs Displacement

0.6

0.5

Displacement

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0 0

1

2

3

Different Collision Conditions

Different collision condition Vs Equivalent Stresses Different Collision Condition Vs Equivalent Stresses

1.8e+11

Equivalent Stresses

1.6e+11 1.4e+11 1.2e+11 1.0e+11 8.0e+10 6.0e+10 4.0e+10 2.0e+10 0.0 0

1

2

3

Different Collision Condition

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Different collision condition Vs Equivalent Strains Different Collision Condtion Vs Equivalent Strains

2.2 2.0 1.8

Equivalent Strains

1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0

1

2

3

Different Collision Condition

Based on the above table the deformations and stresses are maximum in the case of bumper hit another moving bumper. Therefore the impulse force produced during a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33 m/sec and hit another bumper moving a with a same velocity. Impulse force = mass (final velocity - initial velocity) / collision time = m (v - u) / t Where m = mass of the car body in kg v= velocity of bumper after collision (assume its value is zero) u = velocity of bumper before collision Impulse force = 500 (0 - 33.33) / 0.1 = - 166650 N Electromagnet An Electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consist of insulated wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the end areas of the core. Working principles of Electromagnet Whenever two magnets of like poles bring close to each other that repels one another. That repelling force is used to make an Electromagnetic bumper.

Fig. like poles repel

Parts of Electromagnetic bumper The electromagnetic bumper consists of following main parts. They are  Electrode  Battery  Sensor  Copper wire

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Construction of Electromagnetic bumper Electromagnetic bumper consist of an electrode rod is made of METGLASS material which is winded with copper wire. Ends of the copper wire are connected to the positive and negative terminal of the battery. This total equipment is activated by the sensor which is placed on front and rear of an automobile. Working procedure of Electromagnetic bumper  

When the vehicle faces any obstacle on ward, primarily the sensor senses it. Immediately it sends the signal to the battery. Then the circuit will be activated, hence the current flows through the copper wire.  Like that magnetic field will be developed in the bumper which was copper winded.  Hence this bumper acts as a magnet which can repel the obstacle. This magnetic bumper can repel the onward magnetic bumper that is attached to the obstacle.  Hence the principle of electromagnet works on both the magnetic bumper.  It tends to repel against each other so that we can prevent vehicle collisions. Electromagnetic force = magnetic field intensity * flux Magnetic field intensity (H) = NI/L Flux= mmf / reluctance = (NI) / (L / µA) Therefore Electromagnetic force = (NI)2 *µA / (L)2 Where N = Number of turns of wire on the core I = Current in amperes µ = permeability of material in Henry / meter A = cross-sectional area of the core material in m2 L = length of the core in meters Core Material: Met glass Permeability (µ) = 1.26 Henry/meter Density =7.18gm/cm^3 Length = 30 cm Diameter =5 cm Impulse force produced during collisions =Electromagnetic force Impulse force produced during collisions = (NI) 2 *µA / (L)2 166650 = (NI)2* 1.26*3.14*(0.05) 2 / (0.3)2 (NI)2 = (166650*0.09) / (1.26*1.9634*10^-3) NI = 2463 Let I= 10 amperes N*10 = 2463 N =2463 / 10 N=246.3 N=247 Voltage = IR Where I= current carrying in wire in amperes R= Resistance of wire in ohms R= ρ L1/ A Where ρ = Resistivity of material L1 = Length of wire in meters A = Cross sectional area of the wire In general copper wire is used for making a Electromagnet Let I=10 amperes carrying in copper wire of diameter = 2.58826 mm = 2.58826*10^-3 m Area = π D2/4 Area = 5.2614*10^-6 m2 For 250 turns, length of the wire = π D * 250 = π *2.58826*10^-3*250 =2.03 m Resistivity of copper wire=1.6*10^-8 ohm meter Therefore Resistance = ρL1/A

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper (IJIRST/ Volume 4 / Issue 2 / 007)

Resistance =(1.6*10^-8*2.032) / (5.2614*10^-8) Resistance =6.488*10^-3 ohms There are total three electromagnets are used and these rods are connected in parallel then the resistance is total resistance / 3 Resistance = 6.488*10^-3/3 =2.1626*10^-3 ohm meter Therefore finally, voltage =10*2.1626*10^-3 Voltage =0.02 v Modeling of Electromagnetic bumper

VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The Modeling of Electromagnetic bumper is successfully designed. The aim of this project is to modeling an Electromagnetic bumper that absorbs high impacts during collision compare to ordinary bumper, protects the occupants, Protecting the car bodies from damage during collisions, reduces Cost of repairs, eliminates the replacement cost of bumper, and also weight of the bumper is very. Future work will focus on impact analysis of Electromagnetic bumper. . Though this produced an idea for Electromagnetic bumper, due to unavailability of the analysis software's for Electromagnetism. Idea has to be implemented in terms source of energy required to apply Electromagnetism in bumper. REFERENCES [1]

"Impact Analysis of a Car Bumper for Various Speeds Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Poly Ether Imide and S2 Glass Epoxy Materials by Solid Works" software by By V.Mohan Srikanth. [2] "Active Electromagnetic Suspension System for Improved Vehicle Dynamics"by Bart L.J. Gysen, Johannes J.H. Paulides, Jeroen L.G. Janssen, and Elena A. Lomonova IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2008 : VPPC '08 ; 3 - 5 Sept. 2008, Harbin, China. [3] A Study on Active Electromagnetic Suspension System by Velivela Lakshmikanth Chowdary and Katuru Venkata Naga Dinesh Kumar ISSN: 2249–5460. [4] A.K.Dhingra, “metal replacement by composite”, JOM 1986, Vol 38 (03), p. 17. [5] K.Upadhya, “composite materials for aerospace applications, developments in ceramic and metal matrix composites”, Kamaleshwar Upadhya, ed., warren dale, PA: TMS publications, 1992, pp. 3-24. [6] Greg Fisher, “Composite: Engineering the ultimate material”, Am. Ceram. Soc, Bull, Vol. 63 (2) (1984): pp. 360-364. [7] T.G.Nieh, K.R. Forbes, T.C. Chou and J. Wadsworth, “Microstructure and deformation properties of an Al2O3-Ni3Al composite from room temp to 14000C”, High Performance Composites for the 1990’s Eds. S. K. Das, C. P. Ballard and F. Marikar, TMS-New Jersey, 1990, pp 85-96. [8] T. W. Clyne, An Introductory Overview of MMC System, Types and Developments in Comprehensive Composite Materials,; Metal Matrix Composites, T. W Clyne (ed), Elsevier, Vol-3 (2000): pp.1-26. [9] L.M.Manocha & A.R. Bunsell “Advances in composite materials”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, Vol.2, (1980) p 1233-1240. [10] Berghezan,A.Nucleus,8(5),(1966),(Nucleus A Editeur,1,rhe,Chalgrin,Paris, 16(e). [11] Suchetclan Van, Philips Res. Repts. Volume 27, (1972): p. 28. [12] Agarwal B.D. and Broutman L.J., “Analysis and performance of fiber composites” John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1980): p. 3-12.

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Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper

Published on Jan 12, 2018

IJIRST

21st century, the world of hurry and busy, the social media is always in buzz with accidents which will cause loss of life and property. Drunk and drive, using communication devises while driving and rash driving which are usually does by the carelessness of the user, on the other hand lack of quality in manufacturing are the causes of these accidents up to greater extinct. There are few safety equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. bumpers is a main fragment which is attached to front and rear of an automobile which protects passengers from severe collisions. The normal bumpers made of steel and plastic fails while greater impacts, and costly to replace after damage. This article deals with special type of bumper which works on electromagnetic repulsion. The design and modeling of electromagnetic bumper is made of METGLASS rod winded with copper wire which is connected to DC supply.