Oct 2020 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering (ISSN:2045-8711) by Editor IJITCE

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020

UK: Managing Editor International Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering 1a park lane, Cranford London TW59WA UK

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020

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International Journal of Innovative Technology & Creative Engineering Vol.10 No.10 October 2020

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020

Dear Researcher, Greetings! Articles in this issue discusses about farmers Seed Germinating Potential of Silver Nanoparticles and Activated Carbon. It has been an absolute pleasure to present you articles that you wish to read. We look forward many more new technologies in the next month.

Thanks, Editorial Team IJITCE

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Editorial Members Dr. Chee Kyun Ng Ph.D Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Putra Malaysia,UPMSerdang, 43400 Selangor,Malaysia. Dr. Simon SEE Ph.D Chief Technologist and Technical Director at Oracle Corporation, Associate Professor (Adjunct) at Nanyang Technological University Professor (Adjunct) at ShangaiJiaotong University, 27 West Coast Rise #08-12,Singapore 127470 Dr. sc.agr. Horst Juergen SCHWARTZ Ph.D, Humboldt-University of Berlin,Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,Asternplatz 2a, D-12203 Berlin,Germany Dr. Marco L. BianchiniPh.D Italian National Research Council; IBAF-CNR,Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 MonterotondoScalo (RM),Italy Dr. NijadKabbara Ph.D Marine Research Centre / Remote Sensing Centre/ National Council for Scientific Research, P. O. Box: 189 Jounieh,Lebanon Dr. Aaron Solomon Ph.D Department of Computer Science, National Chi Nan University,No. 303, University Road,Puli Town, Nantou County 54561,Taiwan Dr. Arthanariee. A. M M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.S.,Ph.D Director - Bharathidasan School of Computer Applications, Ellispettai, Erode, Tamil Nadu,India Dr. Takaharu KAMEOKA, Ph.D Professor, Laboratory of Food, Environmental & Cultural Informatics Division of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources,Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan Dr. M. Sivakumar M.C.A.,ITIL.,PRINCE2.,ISTQB.,OCP.,ICP. Ph.D. Project Manager - Software,Applied Materials,1a park lane,cranford,UK Dr. Bulent AcmaPh.D Anadolu University, Department of Economics,Unit of Southeastern Anatolia Project(GAP),26470 Eskisehir,TURKEY Dr. Selvanathan Arumugam Ph.D Research Scientist, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, GA-30602,USA. Dr. S.Prasath Ph.D Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Nandha Arts & Science College, Erode , Tamil Nadu, India

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Review Board Members Mr. Rajaram Venkataraman Chief Executive Officer, Vel Tech TBI || Convener, FICCI TN State Technology Panel || Founder, Navya Insights || President, SPIN Chennai Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials,CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Private Bag 33, Clayton South MDC 3169,Gate 5 Normanby Rd., Clayton Vic. 3168, Australia Dr. Zhiming Yang MD., Ph. D. Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Science,1550 Orleans Street Rm 441, Baltimore MD, 21231,USA Dr. Jifeng Wang Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA Dr. Giuseppe Baldacchini ENEA - Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45 - P.O. Box 65,00044 Frascati, Roma, ITALY. Dr. MutamedTurkiNayefKhatib Assistant Professor of Telecommunication Engineering,Head of Telecommunication Engineering Department,Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), TulKarm, PALESTINE. Dr.P.UmaMaheswari Prof &Head,Depaartment of CSE/IT, INFO Institute of Engineering,Coimbatore. Dr. T. Christopher, Ph.D., Assistant Professor &Head,Department of Computer Science,Government Arts College(Autonomous),Udumalpet, India. Dr. T. DEVI Ph.D. Engg. (Warwick, UK), Head,Department of Computer Applications,Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-641 046, India. Dr. Renato J. orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,São Paulo Business School,RuaItapeva, 474 (8° andar),01332-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil Visiting Scholar at INSEAD,INSEAD Social Innovation Centre,Boulevard de Constance,77305 Fontainebleau - France Y. BenalYurtlu Assist. Prof. OndokuzMayis University Dr.Sumeer Gul Assistant Professor,Department of Library and Information Science,University of Kashmir,India Dr. ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg., Rm 120,Hampton University,Hampton, VA 23688 Dr. Renato J. Orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,São Paulo Business SchoolRuaItapeva, 474 (8° andar),01332-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil Dr. Lucy M. Brown, Ph.D. Texas State University,601 University Drive,School of Journalism and Mass Communication,OM330B,San Marcos, TX 78666 JavadRobati Crop Production Departement,University of Maragheh,Golshahr,Maragheh,Iran VineshSukumar (PhD, MBA) Product Engineering Segment Manager, Imaging Products, Aptina Imaging Inc. Dr. Binod Kumar PhD(CS), M.Phil.(CS), MIAENG,MIEEE HOD & Associate Professor, IT Dept, Medi-Caps Inst. of Science & Tech.(MIST),Indore, India Dr. S. B. Warkad Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, India Dr. doc. Ing. RostislavChoteborský, Ph.D. Katedramateriálu a strojírenskétechnologieTechnickáfakulta,Ceskázemedelskáuniverzita v Praze,Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21 Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials,CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Private Bag 33, Clayton South MDC 3169,Gate 5 Normanby Rd., Clayton Vic. 3168

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020 DR.ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg.,HamptonUniversity,Hampton, VA 23688 Mr. Abhishek Taneja B.sc(Electronics),M.B.E,M.C.A.,M.Phil., Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Applications, at Dronacharya Institute of Management and Technology, Kurukshetra. (India). Dr. Ing. RostislavChotěborský,ph.d, Katedramateriálu a strojírenskétechnologie, Technickáfakulta,Českázemědělskáuniverzita v Praze,Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21

Dr. AmalaVijayaSelvi Rajan, B.sc,Ph.d, Faculty – Information Technology Dubai Women’s College – Higher Colleges of Technology,P.O. Box – 16062, Dubai, UAE

Naik Nitin AshokraoB.sc,M.Sc Lecturer in YeshwantMahavidyalayaNanded University Dr.A.Kathirvell, B.E, M.E, Ph.D,MISTE, MIACSIT, MENGG Professor - Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Tagore Engineering College, Chennai Dr. H. S. Fadewar B.sc,M.sc,M.Phil.,ph.d,PGDBM,B.Ed. Associate Professor - Sinhgad Institute of Management & Computer Application, Mumbai-BangloreWesternly Express Way Narhe, Pune - 41 Dr. David Batten Leader, Algal Pre-Feasibility Study,Transport Technologies and Sustainable Fuels,CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Private Bag 1,Aspendale, Vic. 3195,AUSTRALIA Dr R C Panda (MTech& PhD(IITM);Ex-Faculty (Curtin Univ Tech, Perth, Australia))Scientist CLRI (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai - 600 020,India Miss Jing He PH.D. Candidate of Georgia State University,1450 Willow Lake Dr. NE,Atlanta, GA, 30329 Jeremiah Neubert Assistant Professor,MechanicalEngineering,University of North Dakota Hui Shen Mechanical Engineering Dept,Ohio Northern Univ. Dr. Xiangfa Wu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor / Mechanical Engineering,NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY SeraphinChallyAbou Professor,Mechanical& Industrial Engineering Depart,MEHS Program, 235 Voss-Kovach Hall,1305 OrdeanCourt,Duluth, Minnesota 55812-3042 Dr. Qiang Cheng, Ph.D. Assistant Professor,Computer Science Department Southern Illinois University CarbondaleFaner Hall, Room 2140-Mail Code 45111000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901 Dr. Carlos Barrios, PhD Assistant Professor of Architecture,School of Architecture and Planning,The Catholic University of America

Y. BenalYurtlu Assist. Prof. OndokuzMayis University Dr. Lucy M. Brown, Ph.D. Texas State University,601 University Drive,School of Journalism and Mass Communication,OM330B,San Marcos, TX 78666 Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Dr.Sumeer Gul Assistant Professor,Department of Library and Information Science,University of Kashmir,India Dr. ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg., Rm 120,Hampton University,Hampton, VA 23688

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020 Dr. Renato J. Orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,São Paulo Business School,RuaItapeva, 474 (8° andar)01332-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil Dr. Wael M. G. Ibrahim Department Head-Electronics Engineering Technology Dept.School of Engineering Technology ECPI College of Technology 5501 Greenwich Road - Suite 100,Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Dr. Messaoud Jake Bahoura Associate Professor-Engineering Department and Center for Materials Research Norfolk State University,700 Park avenue,Norfolk, VA 23504 Dr. V. P. Eswaramurthy M.C.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 007, India. Dr. P. Kamakkannan,M.C.A., Ph.D ., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 007, India. Dr. V. Karthikeyani Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 008, India. Dr. K. Thangadurai Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College ( Autonomous ), Karur - 639 005,India. Dr. N. Maheswari Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattangulathur, Kanchipiram Dt - 603 203, India. Mr. Md. Musfique Anwar B.Sc(Engg.) Lecturer, Computer Science & Engineering Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mrs. Smitha Ramachandran M.Sc(CS)., SAP Analyst, Akzonobel, Slough, United Kingdom. Dr. V. Vallimayil Ph.D., Director, Department of MCA, Vivekanandha Business School For Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - 637 205, India. Mr. M. Moorthi M.C.A., M.Phil., Assistant Professor, Department of computer Applications, Kongu Arts and Science College, India PremaSelvarajBsc,M.C.A,M.Phil Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Science,KSR College of Arts and Science, Tiruchengode Mr. G. Rajendran M.C.A., M.Phil., N.E.T., PGDBM., PGDBF., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Salem, India. Dr. Pradeep H Pendse B.E.,M.M.S.,Ph.d Dean - IT,Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai, India Muhammad Javed Centre for Next Generation Localisation, School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland Dr. G. GOBI Assistant Professor-Department of Physics,Government Arts College,Salem - 636 007 Dr.S.Senthilkumar Post Doctoral Research Fellow, (Mathematics and Computer Science & Applications),UniversitiSainsMalaysia,School of Mathematical Sciences, Pulau Pinang-11800,[PENANG],MALAYSIA. Manoj Sharma Associate Professor Deptt. of ECE, PrannathParnami Institute of Management & Technology, Hissar, Haryana, India RAMKUMAR JAGANATHAN Asst-Professor,Dept of Computer Science, V.L.B Janakiammal college of Arts & Science, Coimbatore,Tamilnadu, India Dr. S. B. Warkad Assoc. Professor, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India Dr. Saurabh Pal Associate Professor, UNS Institute of Engg. & Tech., VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India Manimala Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation, St Joseph’s College of Engineering & Technology, Choondacherry Post, Kottayam Dt. Kerala -686579

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020 Dr. Qazi S. M. Zia-ul-Haque Control Engineer Synchrotron-light for Experimental Sciences and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME),P. O. Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan Dr. A. Subramani, M.C.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D. Professor,Department of Computer Applications, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode - 637215 Dr. SeraphinChallyAbou Professor, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Depart. MEHS Program, 235 Voss-Kovach Hall, 1305 Ordean Court Duluth, Minnesota 558123042 Dr. K. Kousalya Professor, Department of CSE,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai-638 052 Dr. (Mrs.) R. Uma Rani Asso.Prof., Department of Computer Science, Sri Sarada College For Women, Salem-16, Tamil Nadu, India. MOHAMMAD YAZDANI-ASRAMI Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Babol"Noshirvani" University of Technology, Iran. Dr. Kulasekharan, N, Ph.D Technical Lead - CFD,GE Appliances and Lighting, GE India,John F Welch Technology Center,Plot # 122, EPIP, Phase 2,Whitefield Road,Bangalore – 560066, India. Dr. Manjeet Bansal Dean (Post Graduate),Department of Civil Engineering,Punjab Technical University,GianiZail Singh Campus,Bathinda -151001 (Punjab),INDIA Dr. Oliver Jukić Vice Dean for education,Virovitica College,MatijeGupca 78,33000 Virovitica, Croatia Dr. Lori A. Wolff, Ph.D., J.D. Professor of Leadership and Counselor Education,The University of Mississippi,Department of Leadership and Counselor Education, 139 Guyton University, MS 38677

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Contents Seed Germinating Potential of Silver Nanoparticles and Activated Carbon Prepared using Passiflora foetida ……….…...[ 839]

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020

Seed Germinating Potential of Silver Nano particles and Activated Carbon Prepared using Passiflora foetida Dheeban Shankar.P1&2* & Karthik.S 4 2&4Department of Biotechnology, Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. 1Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Email ID:deepanbala@gmail.com & biokarthik1@gmail.com Basker.S3 3Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Email ID: biobasker@gmail.com Abstract â&#x20AC;&#x201D; The farmers are very much fascinated towards the use of nitrogen rich fertilizers to increase the germination as well as the growth of crop plants but it is not the fact, because excessive nitrogen may delay and reduce seedling emergence, also the chemical fertilizers are too expensive with hazardous toxic effect. To solve such problem, the extracts of plants which are the reservoirs of naturally occurring bioorganic compounds were employed in the seed germination process. There are several reports saying that, only a few plants could be utilized in seed germination process as some may induce allelopathic effect. Considering these drawbacks, the present work was focused on the analysis of silver nanoparticles and activated carbon prepared from Passiflora foetida on seed germinating potential of Vigna radiata(green gram), Trigonella-foenumgraecum (fenugreek) and Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet) as experimental tools. The study revealed that both silver nanoparticles and activated carbon had enriched the seed germinating potential on the seeds tested. The percentage of seed germination was visibly high for the silver nanoparticles on Fenugreek (76.6%) and Pearl millet (76%) than that of activated carbon. On the other hand, the activated carbon was observed to induce the shoot length on all the seeds especially more on green gram (15.1cm). Thus the use of green and ecofriendly approach with economically stable preparation of silver nanoparticles and activated carbon could play a vital role in agricultural industries for an effective crop production. Keywords: Activated carbon, Passiflora foetida, Silver nanoparticles and Seed germination.

agriculture because it is a threat of life on plants that guarantee its survival. The recent advances in nanotechnology and its use in the field of agriculture are astonishingly increasing; therefore, it is the right time to understand the role of silver nanoparticles in the germination of seeds. Silver ions such as AgNPs have been recognized to inhibit ethylene action. The various functions of nanoparticles on seed germination and growth, biomass yields of seedling depend in a multipart way on magnetic instability densities, frequencies and prehandling of materials and treatment duration. Nanotechnology enables enormous societal application and is a fast developing industry and hence has impacts on wealth, society and environment [1&2]. Agriculture has been the backbone of the third world country economics. Nanotechnology promise considerable help in agriculture throughout the world. It has been found to decipher many of the agriculture related problems with the use of nanoparticles to increasing growth of plants and control of plant diseases against current practice. Earlier studies on the seed germinating effect of silver nanoparticles over various plants viz., Corn, Watermelon and Zucchini plants [3],Wetland Plants [4], Lens culinaris Medik [5] which inspired to do the present study. The effect of ZnO nano particles on the growth of plant seedlings of mung and gram was tested [6]. So keeping this back ground information, the current study was aimed at analyzing the seed germinating potential of silver nanoparticles and activated carbon (PFAC) prepared from Passiflora foetida.

I. INTRODUCTION At present, nanotechnology is set to play a significant role in agriculture. The majority of the reported studies point to the positive impacts of nanoparticles and activated carbon on plant growth and only a few isolated studies pertaining to negative effect. In order to understand the possible benefits of applying nanotechnology to agriculture, the first step is to analyze penetration and transport of nanoparticles in plants. Seed germination is an important phenomenon in modern

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS i. Silver nanoparticles and Activated carbon The silver nanoparticles and activated carbon were prepared using Passiflora foetida according to the method as described [7] and [8]. ii. Seed germinating potential The Seed germinating potential of plant extract, silver nanoparticles and activated carbon was performed using the seeds of 3 crops in which 1 is dicot namely Vignaradiata (green gram), and 2 monocots, Trigonella-

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020 foenumgraecum(fenugreek) , Pennisetumglaucum (Pearl millet).These seeds were procured from local area, Erode, Tamil Nadu. The seeds were kept in a dry and dark place under room temperature prior to use. The seeds were surface sterilized and soaked in distilled water for two hours followed by soaking in respective inducing agents for about five hours according to the earlier study with slight modification [9]. Five set of experiments in triplicates were performed viz., seeds treated (seeds were soakedfor overnight) with aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida, Silver nanoparticles (25mg/l), Silver nitrate (25mg/L), Passiflora foetida activated carbon (PFAC- 25mg/l) and distilled water which served as a control. To each of the petriplate with sterile tissue paper, about 25 to 30 seeds were inoculated and water was sprayed regularly. The germination percent of seeds and with the morphological response was noted and calculated the germinating effect of the different agents used. III. GERMINATION TEST The seed germination percentage was calculated using the total number of seeds germinated at the end of experiment as per the report [10]-12].The measurements were carried out with respect to the International Rules for Seed Testing. Mean values were analyzed from the measurements on three replicates for each treatment and the related controls. Germination parameters were calculated using the following equations Germination Percentage (GP %) = (Gf/n) Ă&#x2014; 100 Where Gf represent the total number of germinated seeds at the end of experiment and n refers to the total number of seed used in the test. IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the current study, the germination percentage of the seeds tested were found to be varied for different type of seeds when performed using the aqueous extract of Passiflora foetida, Silver nitrate, Silver nanoparticles, activated carbon and calculated the mean shoot elongation and the images mentioned were taken after 4 days of seed germination [Fig. 1 a, b, c & Fig. 2 a, b and Table 1 a & b]. The germination of seeds were appreciably induced by silver nanoparticles on Trigonellafoenum graceum (fenugreek)with 76.6% and Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet) with 76% and germination induction was effective by activated carbon on Vigna radiata (green gram) seeds which constitute 74.2%. On observation, aqueous extract did not show any inducing effect which confirmed that germinating power was affected due to allelopathic effect [13] where the allelochemicals in the extract inhibited the germination and also found that silver nitrate did not induce the germination. The silver nanoparticles had triggered only the germination power, but the shoot elongation was achieved very trenchantly by activated carbon for all the three seeds viz., green gram (15.1cm), fenugreek (6cm) and pearl millet (5cm) that were investigated with

reference to the observation on eighth day. The mechanism behind the faster germination induction was that the nanoparticles and activated carbon had penetrated the seed coat which made an effective water and nutrient absorption, reported by Zainab et al., 2015. It was also observed that the germination rate was quick on green gram for both AgNps and activated carbon. Similarly, very good effect on germination using AgNPs was observed for corn, Boswellia ovailifoliolata. It was reported that percent of seed germination, mean germination time, seed germination index, seed vigour index, seedling fresh weight and dry weight of fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum was improved on treating silver nanoparticles where the particles were purchased commercially but now it was legitimately proved that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were undoubtedly enriching the seed fertility[14] .It was also reported that a signiďŹ cant increase in protein contentwas observed in mustard seedlings [15]. It was found that the accumulation and uptake of nanoparticles was dependent on the exposure concentration and also dependent on size [16].It was revealed in the earlier report where high concentration of silver nanoparticles ie., more than 75ppm had inhibited the germination in cucumber, lettuce, barley and ryegrass [17]-[19].So based on the review, the current research was focused on single concentration alone with 25mg/L. Similarly the germinating effect of activated carbon was revealed for Zygostates grandiflora [20] and also for invitro embryo germination of Pista ciavera [21]. So further, AgNPs and PFAC could be combined together to have an effective seed germination and shoot induction in an effective manner. The outcome of this study could be useful for scrutinizing the biocompatibility of AgNPs and PFAC to identify the potential agricultural applications of nanoparticles in crop improvement and food production. An exposure to nanomaterials encouraged earlier plant germination and improved the plant production. These kinds of studies are of great interest in order to unveil the movement and accumulation of nanoparticles in plant tissues for determining the future applications in the field or laboratory and also for crumbling the dormancy of seasonal seeds. Figure 1.a. Effect of Plant extract, Silver nanoparticles and Activated carbon on Green gram Seed germination 4th day after treatment

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020 Figure 1.c. Effect of Plant extract, Silver nanoparticles and Activated carbon on Pearl millet seed germination 4th day after treatment

A-Control (D.H2O) treated seeds B-Plant extract (Aqueous) treated seeds C-Silver nitrate (AgNO3) treated seeds D-Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) treated seeds E- Passiflora foetida activated carbon (PFAC) treated seeds Figure 1.b. Effect of Plant extract, Silver nanoparticles and Activated carbon on Fenu greek seed germination 4th day after treatment

A-Control (D.H2O) treated seeds B-Plant extract (Aqueous) treated seeds C-Silver nitrate (AgNO3) treated seeds D-Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) treated seeds E- Passiflora foetida activated carbon (PFAC) treated Seeds Table 1. Effect of Silver nanoparticles and PFAC on Seed germination Percentage of seed germination (%) Name of the seeds

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Control (Dis.H2O)

Aqueous Extract

AgNO3

AgNPs

PFAC

Vigna radiata (Green gram)

74.2

Trigonellafoenum graceum (Fenu greek)

76.6

65.7

Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet)

33.3

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.10 NO.10 OCTOBER 2020

V.CONCLUSION An exposure to silver nanomaterials and activated carbon encouraged the seed germination followed by shoot elongation which could effectively improve the crop production. Thus the result of the current study confirmed that exposure to AgNPs and activated carbon had significant effects on the seed germination and seedling growth simultaneously.

80 60 40

PFAC

Fenu greek AgNPs

AgNO3

Green gram Aqueous…

Control…

Percentage of Seed Germination

Figure 2. a. Effect of AgNPs and PFAC on Percentage of Seed Germination

Pearl Millet

Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology and Management of Nandha Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil Nadu for providing the facilities to the successful completion of the present work.

Treatment of seeds with different group of agents

Table 2. Effect of Silver nanoparticles and Passiflora foetida activated carbon on Shoot Length Name of the seeds

Mean Shoot elongation on 8th day (cm) Control Aqueous (Dis.H2O) Extract

AgNO3 AgNPs

PFAC

Vigna radiata (Green gram)

12.22

3.35

10.7

15.1

Trigonellafoenum graceum (Fenu greek)

3.6

1.84

1.96

Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl Millet)

2.6

1.4

Shoot length (cm)

Figure 2.b.Effect of AgNPs and PFAC on Shoot length 20 15 10 5

Green gram

Fenu greek Pearl Millet

Treatment of seeds with Different group of agents

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