ISSN (ONLINE) : 2045 -8711 ISSN (PRINT) : 2045 -869X
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY & CREATIVE ENGINEERING SEPTEMBER 2015 VOL- 5 NO - 9
@IJITCE Publication @IJITCE @IJITCEPublication Publication
@IJITCE Publication
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
UK: Managing Editor International Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering 1a park lane, Cranford London TW59WA UK E-Mail: editor@ijitce.co.uk Phone: +44-773-043-0249 USA: Editor International Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering Dr. Arumugam Department of Chemistry University of Georgia GA-30602, USA. Phone: 001-706-206-0812 Fax:001-706-542-2626 India: Editor International Journal of Innovative Technology & Creative Engineering Dr. Arthanariee. A. M Finance Tracking Center India 66/2 East mada st, Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai -600041 Mobile: 91-7598208700
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
www.ijitce.co.uk
IJITCE PUBLICATION
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY & CREATIVE ENGINEERING Vol.5 No.9 September 2015
www.ijitce.co.uk
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
From Editor's Desk Dear Researcher, Greetings! Research article in this issue discusses about motivational factor analysis. Let us review research around the world this month. Engineers from Brown University Develop Key Component for Terahertz Wireless multiplexing and de-multiplexing a terahertz stream. Terahertz radiation could one day provide the backbone for wireless systems that can deliver data up to one hundred times faster than today’s cellular or Wi-Fi networks. But there remain many technical challenges to be solved before terahertz wireless is ready for prime time. Researchers from Brown University have taken a major step toward addressing one of those challenges. They’ve developed what they believe to be the first system for multiplexing terahertz waves. Multiplexers are devices that enable separate streams of data to travel through a single medium. It’s the technology that makes it possible for a single cable to carry multiple TV channels or for a fiber optic line to carry thousands of phone calls at the same time. Soil erosion is topsoil loss, either by rain or wind. It is an accelerated form of natural erosion. It occurs as a side effect of human land use. Soil erosion by rain can only take place on sloping land. Soil erosion by wind can also take place on level land. Topsoil is the upper one metre or so of soil, where plant roots, including those of arable crops, are growing and take up water and nutrients. Topsoil is slowly formed (from rock or sediment) by a set of natural processes, including biologic activity. A very important sub layer of the topsoil, from the point of view of soil fertility, is the dark layer, rich in organic matter (humus) that follows directly below the soil surface. By definition, soil erosion is the loss of topsoil at a faster rate than it is formed. Gradually, deeper layers of soil than the humus-rich, natural topsoil that was originally present are incorporated in the plough layer by continued farming on sloping fields. It has been an absolute pleasure to present you articles that you wish to read. We look forward to many more new technologies related research articles from you and your friends. We are anxiously awaiting the rich and thorough research papers that have been prepared by our authors for the next issue.
Thanks, Editorial Team IJITCE
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
Editorial Members Dr. Chee Kyun Ng Ph.D Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Putra Malaysia,UPMSerdang, 43400 Selangor,Malaysia. Dr. Simon SEE Ph.D Chief Technologist and Technical Director at Oracle Corporation, Associate Professor (Adjunct) at Nanyang Technological University Professor (Adjunct) at ShangaiJiaotong University, 27 West Coast Rise #08-12,Singapore 127470 Dr. sc.agr. Horst Juergen SCHWARTZ Ph.D, Humboldt-University of Berlin,Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,Asternplatz 2a, D-12203 Berlin,Germany Dr. Marco L. BianchiniPh.D Italian National Research Council; IBAF-CNR,Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 MonterotondoScalo (RM),Italy Dr. NijadKabbaraPh.D Marine Research Centre / Remote Sensing Centre/ National Council for Scientific Research, P. O. Box: 189 Jounieh,Lebanon Dr. Aaron Solomon Ph.D Department of Computer Science, National Chi Nan University,No. 303, University Road,Puli Town, Nantou County 54561,Taiwan Dr. Arthanariee. A. M M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.S.,Ph.D Director - Bharathidasan School of Computer Applications, Ellispettai, Erode, Tamil Nadu,India Dr. Takaharu KAMEOKA, Ph.D Professor, Laboratory of Food, Environmental & Cultural Informatics Division of Sustainable Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources,Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan Dr. M. Sivakumar M.C.A.,ITIL.,PRINCE2.,ISTQB.,OCP.,ICP. Ph.D. Project Manager - Software,Applied Materials,1a park lane,cranford,UK Dr. Bulent AcmaPh.D Anadolu University, Department of Economics,Unit of Southeastern Anatolia Project(GAP),26470 Eskisehir,TURKEY Dr. SelvanathanArumugamPh.D Research Scientist, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, GA-30602,USA.
Review Board Members Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials,CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Private Bag 33, Clayton South MDC 3169,Gate 5 Normanby Rd., Clayton Vic. 3168, Australia Dr. Zhiming Yang MD., Ph. D. Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Science,1550 Orleans Street Rm 441, Baltimore MD, 21231,USA Dr. Jifeng Wang Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA Dr. Giuseppe Baldacchini ENEA - Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45 - P.O. Box 65,00044 Frascati, Roma, ITALY. Dr. MutamedTurkiNayefKhatib Assistant Professor of Telecommunication Engineering,Head of Telecommunication Engineering Department,Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), TulKarm, PALESTINE.
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 Dr.P.UmaMaheswari Prof &Head,Depaartment of CSE/IT, INFO Institute of Engineering,Coimbatore. Dr. T. Christopher, Ph.D., Assistant Professor &Head,Department of Computer Science,Government Arts College(Autonomous),Udumalpet, India. Dr. T. DEVI Ph.D. Engg. (Warwick, UK), Head,Department of Computer Applications,Bharathiar University,Coimbatore-641 046, India. Dr. Renato J. orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,São Paulo Business School,RuaItapeva, 474 (8° andar),01332-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil Visiting Scholar at INSEAD,INSEAD Social Innovation Centre,Boulevard de Constance,77305 Fontainebleau - France Y. BenalYurtlu Assist. Prof. OndokuzMayis University Dr.Sumeer Gul Assistant Professor,Department of Library and Information Science,University of Kashmir,India Dr. ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg., Rm 120,Hampton University,Hampton, VA 23688 Dr. Renato J. Orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,São Paulo Business SchoolRuaItapeva, 474 (8° andar),01332-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil Dr. Lucy M. Brown, Ph.D. Texas State University,601 University Drive,School of Journalism and Mass Communication,OM330B,San Marcos, TX 78666 JavadRobati Crop Production Departement,University of Maragheh,Golshahr,Maragheh,Iran VineshSukumar (PhD, MBA) Product Engineering Segment Manager, Imaging Products, Aptina Imaging Inc. Dr. Binod Kumar PhD(CS), M.Phil.(CS), MIAENG,MIEEE HOD & Associate Professor, IT Dept, Medi-Caps Inst. of Science & Tech.(MIST),Indore, India Dr. S. B. Warkad Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, India Dr. doc. Ing. RostislavChoteborský, Ph.D. Katedramateriálu a strojírenskétechnologieTechnickáfakulta,Ceskázemedelskáuniverzita v Praze,Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21 Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials,CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Private Bag 33, Clayton South MDC 3169,Gate 5 Normanby Rd., Clayton Vic. 3168 Dr.ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg.,HamptonUniversity,Hampton, VA 23688 Mr. Abhishek Taneja B.sc(Electronics),M.B.E,M.C.A.,M.Phil., Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Applications, at Dronacharya Institute of Management and Technology, Kurukshetra. (India). Dr. Ing. RostislavChotěborský,ph.d, Katedramateriálu a strojírenskétechnologie, Technickáfakulta,Českázemědělskáuniverzita v Praze,Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 Dr. AmalaVijayaSelvi Rajan, B.sc,Ph.d, Faculty – Information Technology Dubai Women’s College – Higher Colleges of Technology,P.O. Box – 16062, Dubai, UAE Naik Nitin AshokraoB.sc,M.Sc Lecturer in YeshwantMahavidyalayaNanded University Dr.A.Kathirvell, B.E, M.E, Ph.D,MISTE, MIACSIT, MENGG Professor - Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Tagore Engineering College, Chennai Dr. H. S. Fadewar B.sc,M.sc,M.Phil.,ph.d,PGDBM,B.Ed. Associate Professor - Sinhgad Institute of Management & Computer Application, Mumbai-BangloreWesternly Express Way Narhe, Pune - 41 Dr. David Batten Leader, Algal Pre-Feasibility Study,Transport Technologies and Sustainable Fuels,CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Private Bag 1,Aspendale, Vic. 3195,AUSTRALIA Dr R C Panda (MTech& PhD(IITM);Ex-Faculty (Curtin Univ Tech, Perth, Australia))Scientist CLRI (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai - 600 020,India Miss Jing He PH.D. Candidate of Georgia State University,1450 Willow Lake Dr. NE,Atlanta, GA, 30329 Jeremiah Neubert Assistant Professor,MechanicalEngineering,University of North Dakota Hui Shen Mechanical Engineering Dept,Ohio Northern Univ. Dr. Xiangfa Wu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor / Mechanical Engineering,NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY SeraphinChallyAbou Professor,Mechanical& Industrial Engineering Depart,MEHS Program, 235 Voss-Kovach Hall,1305 OrdeanCourt,Duluth, Minnesota 55812-3042 Dr. Qiang Cheng, Ph.D. Assistant Professor,Computer Science Department Southern Illinois University CarbondaleFaner Hall, Room 2140-Mail Code 45111000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901 Dr. Carlos Barrios, PhD Assistant Professor of Architecture,School of Architecture and Planning,The Catholic University of America Y. BenalYurtlu Assist. Prof. OndokuzMayis University Dr. Lucy M. Brown, Ph.D. Texas State University,601 University Drive,School of Journalism and Mass Communication,OM330B,San Marcos, TX 78666 Dr. Paul Koltun Senior Research ScientistLCA and Industrial Ecology Group,Metallic& Ceramic Materials CSIRO Process Science & Engineering Dr.Sumeer Gul Assistant Professor,Department of Library and Information Science,University of Kashmir,India Dr. ChutimaBoonthum-Denecke, Ph.D Department of Computer Science,Science& Technology Bldg., Rm 120,Hampton University,Hampton, VA 23688
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 Dr. Renato J. Orsato Professor at FGV-EAESP,Getulio Vargas Foundation,S찾o Paulo Business School,RuaItapeva, 474 (8째 andar)01332-000, S찾o Paulo (SP), Brazil Dr. Wael M. G. Ibrahim Department Head-Electronics Engineering Technology Dept.School of Engineering Technology ECPI College of Technology 5501 Greenwich Road Suite 100,Virginia Beach, VA 23462 Dr. Messaoud Jake Bahoura Associate Professor-Engineering Department and Center for Materials Research Norfolk State University,700 Park avenue,Norfolk, VA 23504 Dr. V. P. Eswaramurthy M.C.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 007, India. Dr. P. Kamakkannan,M.C.A., Ph.D ., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 007, India. Dr. V. Karthikeyani Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government Arts College(Autonomous), Salem-636 008, India. Dr. K. Thangadurai Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College ( Autonomous ), Karur - 639 005,India. Dr. N. Maheswari Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattangulathur, Kanchipiram Dt - 603 203, India. Mr. Md. Musfique Anwar B.Sc(Engg.) Lecturer, Computer Science & Engineering Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mrs. Smitha Ramachandran M.Sc(CS)., SAP Analyst, Akzonobel, Slough, United Kingdom. Dr. V. Vallimayil Ph.D., Director, Department of MCA, Vivekanandha Business School For Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - 637 205, India. Mr. M. Moorthi M.C.A., M.Phil., Assistant Professor, Department of computer Applications, Kongu Arts and Science College, India PremaSelvarajBsc,M.C.A,M.Phil Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Science,KSR College of Arts and Science, Tiruchengode Mr. G. Rajendran M.C.A., M.Phil., N.E.T., PGDBM., PGDBF., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Salem, India. Dr. Pradeep H Pendse B.E.,M.M.S.,Ph.d Dean - IT,Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai, India Muhammad Javed Centre for Next Generation Localisation, School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland Dr. G. GOBI Assistant Professor-Department of Physics,Government Arts College,Salem - 636 007 Dr.S.Senthilkumar Post Doctoral Research Fellow, (Mathematics and Computer Science & Applications),UniversitiSainsMalaysia,School of Mathematical Sciences, Pulau Pinang-11800,[PENANG],MALAYSIA. Manoj Sharma Associate Professor Deptt. of ECE, PrannathParnami Institute of Management & Technology, Hissar, Haryana, India RAMKUMAR JAGANATHAN Asst-Professor,Dept of Computer Science, V.L.B Janakiammal college of Arts & Science, Coimbatore,Tamilnadu, India
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 Dr. S. B. Warkad Assoc. Professor, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India Dr. Saurabh Pal Associate Professor, UNS Institute of Engg. & Tech., VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India Manimala Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation, St Joseph’s College of Engineering & Technology, Choondacherry Post, Kottayam Dt. Kerala -686579 Dr. Qazi S. M. Zia-ul-Haque Control Engineer Synchrotron-light for Experimental Sciences and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME),P. O. Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan Dr. A. Subramani, M.C.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D. Professor,Department of Computer Applications, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode - 637215 Dr. SeraphinChallyAbou Professor, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Depart. MEHS Program, 235 Voss-Kovach Hall, 1305 Ordean Court Duluth, Minnesota 55812-3042 Dr. K. Kousalya Professor, Department of CSE,Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai-638 052 Dr. (Mrs.) R. Uma Rani Asso.Prof., Department of Computer Science, Sri Sarada College For Women, Salem-16, Tamil Nadu, India. MOHAMMAD YAZDANI-ASRAMI Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Babol"Noshirvani" University of Technology, Iran. Dr. Kulasekharan, N, Ph.D Technical Lead - CFD,GE Appliances and Lighting, GE India,John F Welch Technology Center,Plot # 122, EPIP, Phase 2,Whitefield Road,Bangalore – 560066, India. Dr. Manjeet Bansal Dean (Post Graduate),Department of Civil Engineering,Punjab Technical University,GianiZail Singh Campus,Bathinda -151001 (Punjab),INDIA Dr. Oliver Jukić Vice Dean for education,Virovitica College,MatijeGupca 78,33000 Virovitica, Croatia Dr. Lori A. Wolff, Ph.D., J.D. Professor of Leadership and Counselor Education,The University of Mississippi,Department of Leadership and Counselor Education, 139 Guyton University, MS 38677
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
Contents Development of RS and GIS based Indicator for Paddy Cultivation Lands Dr.M.Shanmugasundaram, Dr.Premasudha B.G & Dr.S.Prasath…………….…………………………. [288]
www.ijitce.co.uk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015
Development of RS and GIS based Indicator for Paddy Cultivation Lands Dr. M.Shanmugasundaram Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, Siddaganga Institute of Technology Tumkur, Karnataka, India. Email: Shanmugam_maran@yahoo.com Dr. Premasudha B.G Professor, Dept. of MCA, Siddaganga Institute of Technology Tumkur, Karnataka, India. Dr.S.Prasath Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Erode Arts & Science College (Autonomous), Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: softprasaths@gmail.com Abstract— Paddy is most significant food crop for the people of many countries in the world. Especially the majority of Asians primary occupation is agriculture. The cultivation of paddy products has been reduced day by day due to various reasons. One important fact among many reasons is natural disaster that suffers the cultivation of crops in many ways. Thus, utilizing available technologies leads to improvement in the fields of the agriculture cultivation. This paper presents an approach to prepare an index model for cultivation lands that is suitable to guide the time and place to cultivate paddy crops. Remote sensing and GIS was used to develop this model. In order to predict the land is suitable or not to cultivate paddy crops some of the parameters include topography, physical and chemical soil properties are considered. To prepare the model with these mechanisms, western coastal plain land located in between Western Ghats as well as the Arabian Sea in Karnataka was selected. Keywords—GIS; Remote Sensing; index model; rice cultivation.
1. INTRODUCTION As paddy is a significant food crop of the maximum Asian people in the world, important must be focused to the cultivation of paddy. Few decades back, the most cultivation lands of majority of states in India was in good condition to cultivate any type of crops. So, there is not much scarcity for crops in terms of food for the people on those days. But recently, the amount of cultivation land has been shrinking due to various reasons[1]. One important cause is the cultivation lands are becoming people residence, industries and being used for other purpose. Thus, Indians are in position to import food grains from other countries. If it continues the people of India will always depends on other countries to satisfy their food needs. Second important cause for food scarcity is natural disaster like flood, earthquake and hurricane that damages the crop in any time of their life stages. These kinds of problems are not only suffering the people, it suffers the farmers, government and other animals like domestic and insects. Statistics reports says that farmers in India often committed suicide due to loss of crops from field to its harvest due to 288
some natural disaster and problems in soil etc[2][5]. they face heavy economic loss and mental stress. Thus they are tempted to commit suicide. So it is highly recommended that agriculture must have to be improved with the help of the technological developments. Recently, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) offer lot of benefits to various disciplines. Because of its nature of capturing spatial details, many data can be collected from the earth [7][9]. Those data are stored in the earth station and gets processed. Applications of GIS and RS are widespread which includes army, navy, climate predictions, mapping development etc [3][4]. The spatial and time data captured by this technology can be forwarded for further process like processing and producing results which in turn aids to take decision making. As the invention on different sensors are able to capture different frequencies of details on the land spaces. For that case, same location of earth land provides different data by different sensors [6][8]. Based on perfect analysis method, various reports can be generated which is helpful to gain a lot of knowledge and inferences. Crop land analysis is pre required method to know about the proper utilization of the land for cultivation. The main aim of the map generation is to increase the agriculture productivity by adopting suitable cultivation methods. This work attempt to develop index model to determine suitable land for rice cultivation in the western coastal area located in Karnataka [10]. The main cultivation in this region is banana, ginger and green chili, the cultivation of paddy is less where they cultivate only once in year due to heavy rain and floods in the region .In order to overcome this problem the study has been under taken to improve the agriculture productivity. The required data to derive this map is collected from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS). Section II gives the details of proposed methodology with the data required to prepare this index model. Apart from that a brief description of ideal vector analysis is also present. Result for the suitability of the rice cultivation in terms of qualitative and quantitative is discussed in section III. Conclusion of this work is given in section IV.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 2. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Multi criteria decision making approach is a process where land data based on geographical features is transformed into a decision by using GIS and RS as well as Ideal Vector Approach. Here, GIS is used to feed data, store in it, process and output of spatial data. RS is used to provide a lot of spatial information includes soil, drainage, slope details etc. Combining both RS and GIS offers a powerful tool to develop decision–making systems about spatial of earth as well as other planets. Ideal Vector approach is used to evaluate land suitability to paddy crop cultivation based on several criteria. Fig. 1 shows the important criteria used for developing tropical map. Suitability
Topographic
Soil
Irrigation
2.3 Irrigation data Cannel and Groundwater are the main water sources of rice cultivation. Favorably paddy is grown in the tropic and sub tropic region averaging rainfall of 1250mm to 2000mm of annual rainfall. 2.4 Ideal Vector Analysis The main aim of using ideal vector is to obtain the performance index of suitability classes for the individual parameter used. It is based on positive and negative ideal solutions derived among the individual groups of attributes. Both provide shortest and longest distances of the attributes from them. So, based on collecting distance of a particular attributes to the groups Soil Physical (SP), Soil Chemical (SC), Topographic (T) and Irrigation (I), similarity would be calculated. Below vector-matching procedures are used to measure the degree of similarity for attribute from positive and negative ideal solution. Degree of Resemblance to the positive ideal success is measured using the following mathematical equation.
Rij+ = Physical
X ij X +j
(
max X ij X ij , X +j X +j
) ------------------- (1)
Similarly, Degree of Resemblance to the negative ideal success is calculated with the help of the given formula.
Chemic al
Fig.1 Parameters requires to find suitable land for rice cultivation
− ij
R =
2.1 Topographic database Dem is generated using topographical maps using Universal Transverse Mercator .Using 3D surface analysis the DEM is generated which have been met to digitalization by topographical maps. Edge to Edge DEM data set is generated with the help of SRTM for entire study area .The Slope tool is used to calculate the maximum rate of change between each captured cell. Each cell has a slope value ,the higher slope value indicate the down region where as the lower slope indicate flat region .The aspect is measured from due north to north of 360degree , the value of each cell indicates specific region. 2.2 Soil Database Soil plays a significant role in growing any plant on the earth. It is much important to find out the suitable soil to cultivate particular crops. The physical and chemical features of the soil must have to be studied before to lead the further process. The effective depth of the soil indicates the thickness of the soil. Most annual crops have the depth of 50cm, for trees the rooting system is up to 150cm below the earth the 100cm depth roots can yield very good crop which has been taken as upper limit. Similarly the type of soil indicated as texture has to be identified which helps to penetrate the root in the soil. PH value of the soil plays a very important role where it is taken as negative logarithm of the Hydrogen ion concentration of the soil solution, A PH value of 6-7 is goop for paddy cultivation. Organic carbon is another important criterion to the advancement of paddy crops.
X ij X −j
(
max X ij X ij , X −j X −j
Where,
)
------------------- (2)
X ij = (xi1 , xi 2 ,..., xim ) is the overall success
matrix of number of classes of the groups such as SP, ST, T and I. The success index of the group is given by:
Pj =
R +j R +j + R −j
---------------------------------- (3)
Where j=1,2,…,n. The old values of the group (Ranking) used in this computation are change by this success indices. The weight used as normalization factor is calculated for obtaining the final suitability using AHP mechanism in given formula: SP-WEIGHT = SP (SUCCESS)*(SC(Ranking)+ T(Ranking)+ I(Ranking))/3 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Erdas-11 and ArcGIS software were used to study and to prepare the topographical maps, it also includes the study of soil layers which involve physical, chemical layers and land access rating layers. All the variables are used to develop the index model which produce the topographic suitability and physical land suitability were stored in the temporary memory files which are used as the temporary memory input for suitable rice land cultivation. Optical bands with suitable false color combination (SFCC) of LANDSAT 7 TM satellite image is used to find out forest cover density plots in the study area.Vegetation canopy cover datasets are generated from satellite images using Ideal Vector Analysis technique. Table I gives the different values of the parameters generated by the proposed technique.
289
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND CREATIVE ENGINEERING (ISSN:2045-8711) VOL.5 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 2015 Table I. Quantitative values obtained from the land images IVA pH
Ranking
+ve Resemblance
-ve Resemblance
Success
Weight
SP
1
1
0.0675
0.9117
0.0218
SC
0.3693
0.39851
0.162
0.6991
0.181
T
0.1774
0.176
0.3982
0.2922
0.0084
I
0.0676
0.0688
0.5734
0.1448
0.0043
Based on the proposed method, the map has been generated and shown in fig. 2 with different options for finding the suitable locations for the cultivation of paddy. The map is incorporated with six colors. The colors represent the ranges from unsuitable to suitable. Dark green represent high suitability in which paddy van be cultivated without any complication. Light green indicates moderate suitability. Marginal suitability is shown in the map by representing the yellow color. Rest of the colors present in the map list shows marginal unsuitability, unsuitable and constant area.
4. CONCLUSION A method is proposed to find the suitable land cover area for cultivating paddy crops in Sakelashpur area of Hassan District. For that, some important parameters includes topography, irrigation and soil are considered and are collected from the respective databases. Finally a map was generated using Ideal Vector Analysis for producing the details such as high, moderate and marginal suitability and unsuitability. From this analysis with the help of GIS and RS almost 64% of the area in the place is suitable to cultivate paddy crops.
Fig.2 Topography of the suitable lands
Table II gives quantitative analysis of the suitable lands for cultivating paddy crops. In that, s1 covers almost 63% of land and it says that the entire area is suitable for rice crops. Compare than suitable area with non-suitable area, the non-suitable area scores very less amount of area. TABLE II. Suitable areas Index
Area (KM)
Area (%)
S1
64.19
28.23
S2
22.86
42.67
S3
13.45
13.37
N1
7.83
6.27
N2
10.76
9.46
290
5. REFERENCES [1] A Akgun, “A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: A case study at İzmir, Turkey; Landslides”, 2011, doi: 10.1007/ s10346-011-0283-7. [2] A Akgun, C Kıncal and B Pradhan, “Application of remote sensing data and GIS for landslide risk assessment as an environmental threat to Izmir city (west Turkey)”, Environ. Monit. Assess, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2352-8. [3] C Perry and L Lautenschlager, “ Functional equivalence of spectral vegetation indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 14, pp. 169-182, 1984. [4] C Xiuwan, “Using remote sensing and GIS to analyse land cover change and its impacts on regional sustainable development”, Int J Remote Sens, Vol. 23(1), pp. 107–124, 2002. [5] K Chang, “ Introduction to geographic information systems”, New York, 2002. [6] Istikoglu and N B Harmancioglu, “Integration of GIS with USLE in assessment of soil erosion”, Water Resour Manag, Vol. 16, pp. 447–467, 2002. [7] P K Srivastava, S Mukherjee, M Gupta, “Impact of urbanization on land use/land cover change using remote sensing and GIS: a case study”, Int J Ecol Econ Stat 18(S10), pp. 106–117, 2010. [8] S M J Baba and K W Yusof, “Modelling soil erosion in tropical environments using remote sensing and eographical informations systems”, Hydrologic Sci J, Vol. 46(1), pp. 191–198, 2001. [9] S Wu, J Li, G Huang, “An evaluation of grid size uncertainty in empirical soil loss modelling with digital elevation models”, Environ Monit Assess, Vol. 10, pp. 33–42, 2005. [10] S.K Saha, “Integrated use of Remote Sensing and GIS for soil erosion hazard modeling - a case study”, Proc. 17th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Sri Lanka, 1996. [11] V M Chowdary, S Yatindranath Kar and S Adiga, “Modelling of non-point source pollution in a watershed using remote sensing and GIS”, Indian J Remote Sensing, Vol. 32(1): pp. 59–73, 2004
@IJITCE Publication @IJITCE @IJITCEPublication Publication