Fourth IJJO International Conference

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INDEX

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Presentation. International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO).

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Welcoming words.

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Editorial. “Juveniles with problems of mental disorder and drugs misuse – a widely neglected group of offenders in European juvenile justice systems”.

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Introduction. "Building integrative juvenile justice systems: Approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drugs misuse".

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Presentation. Fourth IJJO International Conference.

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Practical information.

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European Programmes.

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Committee.

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Speakers.

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Programme. Abstracts.

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Presentation. Istituto Don Calabria.

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IJJO Recopilation on Legal Texts about Mental Health and Young Offenders.

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Building Integrative Juvenile Justice Systems: Approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drugs misuse

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PRESENTATION.

INTERNATIONAL JUVENILE JUSTICE OBSERVATORY (IJJO) ITS OBJECTIVE IS TO CREATE A PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL SERVICE WHICH SERVES AS A MEETING PLACE OF STUDY AND REFLECTION FOR PROFESSIONALS IN JUVENILE JUSTICE ALL OVER THE WORLD, AS WELL AS ENTITIES CONCERNED BY THE SITUATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND RECLUSION. Principles The IJJO agrees to carry out its activities promoting the main international texts like the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations guidelines for the prevention of juvenile delinquency (Riyadh Guidelines), the United Nations standard minimum rules for the administration of juvenile justice (Beijing Rules) and the United Nations standard minimum rules for non-custodial measures (Tokyo rules), etc.

Activities The work done by the IJJO is based on an international and interdisciplinary vision of juvenile justice, aiming at creating a future for minors by using strategies which stimulate the international development of appropriate policies, legislations and intervention methods in the context of Global Juvenile Justice Without Borders. Therefore, the Observatory coordinates researches and studies related to the different problems that arise in the field of juvenile justice.

Since its creation in 2003, the IJJO has developed an international network of over 10,000 experts, collaborators and users coming form over 120 countries. The Observatory offers also a permanent international reference service, where professionals in juvenile justice can meet, think and work together. Though its website, the IJJO disseminates online information among the civil society, users and collaborators who have access to a wide database which is updated on a daily basis and which contains over 27,000 documents of all sorts (press, events, reports, legislation, training, etc.) on juvenile delinquency and youth justice.

Continental Observatories The IJJO aims at being closer to local reality, thus, it has created continental observatories: the European, African and Latin-American Juvenile Justice Observatories. These local IJJO branches respond to the need of assisting States from within civil society to apply the international rules on the protection of the rights of the child and young people efficiently, facilitating the permanent study and improvement of juvenile justice systems.

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In that context the IJJO advocacy and counselling activities have been embraced by the United Nations, as well as by European and international institutions, and it has been officially recognized by a number of important organisms. Moreover, in order to raise public awareness on topics related to juvenile justice, the IJJO develops campaigns, such as the International Campaign “Legal assistance for children in conflict with the law” and the campaign “Two decades of juvenile justice: progress since the adoption of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child”.

International Conferences Every two years, the IJJO organises an International Conference where numerous experts in different field come together to analyse juvenile systems action and intervention models which can be applied in various countries. By encouraging the creation and monitoring of these international juvenile justice meetings, the aim of the IJJO is to contribute to the progress and improvement of policies, stimulate the development of new educational intervention programmes and researches that concentrate on minors at risk of social exclusion.

International School for Juvenile Justice The Observatory also created the International School for Juvenile Justice (ISJJ) as a training and research space on an international level whose priority purposes ate to reinforce the generation and dissemination of knowledge and the development of training actions in the different juvenile justice fields.

The International School for Juvenile Justice is also a way to promote meetings, cooperation and networking among professionals, researchers, teachers, agents and public and private organisms who are active in the field of juvenile justice.

Its main action lines will treat the most important questions regarding prevention, educational intervention, the judicial framework, protection of minors, social insertion, etc.

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WELCOMING WORDS Dr. Francisco Legaz.

Chairman.

International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

Since the last International Conference of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO), held in Valencia (Spain) in 2008, this Observatory has continued working according to its commitment in favour of the defence of the rights and integration of children and young people in conflict with the law. Therefore, the IJJO has developed its activity according to four essential action lines: awareness, training, networking and research. a) This way, in the field of awareness and the Framework of the 20th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, in 2009 the IJJO released the International campaign “Two decades of Juvenile Justice: improvements since the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child” in which it had the honour to count on the participation of important people and international experts in the matter. It also covered the priorities established by the Social Agenda of the European Union, and within the European Year 2010 of Fighting against Poverty and Social Exclusion, the IJJO has promoted the Campaign “2010.

Paths of integration of children in conflict with the law”. b) The IJJO is aware of the relevance of specialised training for professionals working in the field of juvenile justice and it continues doing actions in this way by organising and participating at conferences, seminars, etc. and especially by holding an International IJJO Conference every two years leading to its 4th edition held under the title: “Building integrative juvenile justice systems: approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drug misuse”. The IJJO has also constituted the International School for Juvenile Justice (ISJJ) as a training institution. c) Meeting other action lines, the promotion of collaboration and cooperation between different actors related to juvenile justice, the IJJO has continued promoting the development of a wide network of experts, collaborators and users worldwide, mainly coming from the public administrations, international organisations, training and academic establishments and NGO. Through its website, the IJJO constitutes

an information reference on an international level regarding juvenile justice thanks to a database which already has 25,300 documents in the three official IJJO languages (English, French and Spanish). Soon the new IJJO website will be available whose new format pretends to adapt to the needs and comfort of all its users. d) In the research area, the IJJO participates and coordinates different research projects on a European level, highlighting in 2009/10 the Research on Juvenile Justice Indicators for Europe. This research, promoted by the IJJO, represents a comparative and reference tool pretended to be applied as a starting point for the assessment and application of the international standards in the European Juvenile Justice Systems.

I would also like to highlight that throughout the period 2008/10 and in order to promote the creation of continental spaces to reflect, develop initiatives, establish good practices codes and standards for education and integration of minors and young people in conflict with the law, the IJJO created the European Juvenile Justice Observatory (EJJO), headquarters in Brussels (Belgium), as well as the Latin American Juvenile Justice Observatory (LJJO) and the African Juvenile Justice Observatory (AJJO) with their headquarters in Panama and Kenya respectively.

Regarding the EJJO, we must point out the European Juvenile Justice Council, as a central work and reflection organ of the EJJO which formulates recommendations about the development and evolution of juvenile justice in Europe by promoting coordinated actions between the different actors who are responsible in matters of legislation, execution, supervision, research and intervention in the field of youth justice. Experts and professionals coming from public state administrations competent in juvenile justice, universities and academic establishments and NGO of each of the EU Member States are part of this Council.

In order to publicise the progresses made regarding the

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Welcoming Words

constitution of the European Juvenile Justice Council, on November 11th 2010, within the framework of the 4th International Conference, its second Meeting will take place. At this meeting, some of the most relevant topics and worries shown by the participants during the 1st Meeting in 2009 will be discussed. The conclusions of this collaboration will be presented to the European Commission by means of three Green Papers.

As I have said at the beginning, the training and research actions are a key piece to the raison d’être of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory. This is the context for the biannual celebration of the International IJJO Conference, now holding its 4th edition “Development of integrative juvenile justice systems: approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drug misuse”, and which takes place thanks to the co-organisation of the Institute Don Calabria. The International IJJO Conference gathers experts and professionals coming from different continents to work, discuss and study the problems and challenges within juvenile justice from a multidisciplinary point of view.

The 1st International Conference took place in 2004 in Salamanca (Spain) under the title ‘Juvenile Justice and the Prevention of Delinquency in a Globalized World’, and the topic for the 2nd International Conference (Brussels 2006) was “Juvenile Justice in Europe: a framework for the integration”. In 2008, the 3rd International Conference was held in Valencia (Spain) dealing with the analysis of “Juvenile Justice systems in Europe: current situation, trends in applicable models and good practices”.

In the current edition, the main axe of the International Conference is the need to articulate programmes and resources allowing the efficient intervention with minors and young people with mental health problems and/or using drugs and who are at the same time at risk and/ or in conflict with the law. Therefore it is considered to be indispensable to develop and promote trustworthy and objective assessment systems that promote the consolidation of integrative juvenile justice systems and provide close coordination between the justice, health and social services systems.

This International Conference wants to be a multidisciplinary meeting space between the different related areas (legal, social, health, therapeutic, pedagogic, etc.) in order to think and discuss about the different factors that should be

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analysed from a social, family, physiologic, etc. perspective.

One of the main objectives is also to study the different formulas for treating these minors and young people from within the available resources within the juvenile justice, health, social services etc. systems, considering always, the minor’s best interest as a necessary reference for the integral treatment of these minors.

The importance of studying this topic is shown in the conclusions and results of researches done on an international level and which coincide in showing a high percentage of offending children and young people who suffer from some kind of mental disorder or drug addiction. This way, juvenile justice systems must give a response according to the minors’ own personal circumstances in order to contribute to their effective social inclusion. The use of diagnose, detection and assessment methods or tools must be considered as very relevant in the intervention process with these minors. The efficient treatment of these minors will very often require services of the different systems involved as well who are called to work together very closely and from a multiagency perspective.

I would also like to point out that at the 4th International Conference, the IJJO will share the results obtained of the research project, being carried out until now, “European comparative analysis and knowledge transfer on mental-health resources for young offenders”, coordinated by the IJJO within the DAPHNE III Programme of the European Commission. The main objective of the project is to develop good practices and training programmes adapted to the needs of the professionals and minors from an integrative and multidisciplinary perspective by the justice and health systems.

The final results obtained from the research project “Drug related juvenile crime - DREJC”, financed by the European Commission, will also be shown, coordinated by the Italian organisation Institute Don Calabria and in which this Observatory also participated. Its objective is to stimulate, promote and develop multidisciplinary methods to prevent strategically juvenile crime related to drug misuse.

I am convinced that the results of these two research projects, the contents of the plenary sessions and the workshops, together with the wide experience of the participants will serve as a basis to continue working together during these two days with the objective to: analyse in depth how

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to give an efficient response to the needs of children and young people with mental health problems or drug use in the juvenile justice system through coordinated and integrated action, identifying the way to ensure a successful cooperation for their social and professional reintegration.

The conclusions and results obtained throughout the International Conference will undoubtedly be very valuable when improving our professional dedication towards children and young people so they can be free and responsible adults and they face their future with joy and hope. These conclusions will be put in a Joint Statement to be presented before the European and International institutions to promote political, legislative, health and medical, social, etc. responses according to the intervention needs for these minors.

Finally, and also within the framework of the 4th International Conference, I would like to highlight the creation by the International Juvenile Justice Observatory of the International Award: Juvenile Justice without borders, used by the International Juvenile Justice Observatory to recognise the work of institutions, experts and people that show a firm commitment to the defence of children’s rights and juvenile justice systems that promote the integral development of children and young people in conflict with the law.

Many thanks to all of you.

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Welcoming Words

Hon. Lawyer. Angelino Alfano Minister of Justice Ministry of Justice.

Italy

I wish that the Fourth International Conference on Juvenile Justice may contribute to the implementation of knowledge and successful experiences on the themes of the interventions targeted at adolescents and young people offenders, to whom we must grant, with full respect for the constitutional values and human dignity, the opportunity to rehabilitate themselves.

I consider that the prospect of integration in the work of Institutions and of specific skills is the key element to contribute to the betterment of the rehabilitation programs and to the development of strategies identified by the European Union to implement a functional and effective operating model in order to propose specific means of inclusion.

I hope that the international debate promoted in the sessions of the Conference may indicate pathways and guidelines that allow to combine the obligatory requirements of legality and security with the responsibility of each Country to activate resources and real opportunities for minors and young people subject to legal measures.

Dr. Bruno Brattoli

Head of Department for Juvenile Justice Ministry of Justice.

Italy

I wish to extend a warm greeting and a cordial welcome to our city to all illustrious participants of this prestigious program on behalf the Department for Juvenile Justice in which I have the honour to lead.

As representative of the Institutions I would like, first of all, to thank the International Observatory and its President Francisco Legaz and Director CĂŠdric Foussard, for electing Italy and Rome as the location for the Fourth International Conference on Juvenile Justice. I consider it as a sign of international interest and appreciation, besides to our beautiful capital, towards our structured Juvenile Justice System in which the State and the Private Social Sector cooperate in a virtuous synergy; only through this approach, in my opinion, it is possible to address and solve the huge problems linked to the universe of minors who enter the justice system.

Furthermore, I do appreciate the Conference for focusing on the specific topic of mental and physical health of juvenile offenders. Mental disorders and misuse of drugs are often, in fact, the factors causing the entrance of minors and young adults in the criminal circle. The challenge of prevention and rehabilitation of these particularly vulnerable groups of minors is, therefore, to be addressed by our advanced societies. In Italy, for instance, the penitentiary medicine has been recently reformed in order to improve its efficiency and hence it is of at most importance for us to share knowledge and to understand other experiences in this field. For this reason, during these two days, the contribution by the renowned experts, the representatives of international Institutions and the operators of the Third sector who would attend this Conference would be fundamental for the dissemination and the exchange of good praxis.

I hope that the contents of the speeches and workshops that would take place during this international forum would stimulate the cooperation and the exchange among various systems in order to increase their efficiency and promote their innovation.

Have a productive work!

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EDITORIAL Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel

Chair of Department of Criminology.

Faculty of Law and Economics.

Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald.

Germany.

JUVENILES WITH PROBLEMS OF MENTAL DISORDER AND DRUGS MISUSE – A WIDELY NEGLECTED GROUP OF OFFENDERS IN EUROPEAN JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEMS. The problems of mental disorders and drugs misuse are often neglected or at least underestimated in European juvenile justice systems. With regards to mentally ill young offenders we often do not know exact prevalence rates. Looking at the population within custodial settings it becomes clear that the majority suffers from mental disorders which sometimes could be assessed as mental illness. Recent studies in Germany revealed that the population in juvenile prisons is comparable to juvenile psychiatric institutions when considering psychological problems and mental disorders.

Furthermore, we don’t know exact figures of those young offenders who are sent to mental hospitals or institutions instead of being held criminally responsible. The Council of Europe when preparing the European Rules for Juvenile Offenders Subject to Sanctions or Measures, Rec (2008) 11, tried to find empirical evidence about the numbers of juveniles detained in mental hospitals. The result was an absolute disaster: Only four out of 34 replying Member States of the Council of Europe were able to give concrete numbers of juveniles in such institutions on a given day.

Human rights standards should be the same in juvenile welfare, justice (pre-trial and sentenced offenders) and psychiatric institutions. Therefore the general approach of the Council of Europe’s Recommendation (2008) 11 to consider all juvenile offenders in various institutions in a holistic approach deserves full consent. The Rules follow the guideline to formulate as much as possible general rules that

are relevant in all different institutions and to restrict specific rules to the minimum necessary. In line with this approach the General Part of the Rules concerning deprivation of liberty contains 145 rules (Rules 49.1-107.2), whereas the Specific Part on psychiatric institutions makes only for three additional rules (Rules 117.-119.). The rehabilitative aim and principles such as establishing an overall plan providing a variety of meaningful activities, regime activities with individualized interventions, contacts with the outside world, preparation for release and continuous (through) care including aftercare by services which should be involved already during the institutional treatment, are valid in custodial (prison like) and welfare institutions and in psychiatric or mental health institutions as well. Specific rules for mental health institutions are that “treatment for mental health problems … shall be determined on medical grounds only” and that “safety and security standards shall be determined primarily on medical grounds” (Rules 118. and 119.).

The different institutions for juvenile offenders regularly are run by different authorities: The justice system (ministries of justice), the welfare system (ministries of social welfare) and the health care system (as to psychiatric or drug treatment institutions) have built their own organizational structure and legal regulations, although the needs of inmates, patients or clients are similar. The present conference could be a marking stone of building bridges and bringing together these different authorities and institutions. More flexibility between these institutions is an evidence based requirement when looking for adequate treatment programmes in each case. Juvenile prisoners with mental health problems need psychiatric or psychotherapeutic treatment, which often is better provided by specialized psychiatric institutions or services. There are, however, also cases of serious juvenile offenders in psychiatric institutions who, after the treatment of mental disorders do still need further treatment addressing anti-social cognitions and behaviour (which may not be based on psychiatric problems). They can be addressed by specific programmes, for instance such that have been developed in the so-called socio-therapeutic departments of the German juvenile prison system. Welfare institutions

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Editorial

regularly dispose of far more open regimes and aspects of safety and security are of minor importance.

With reference to the European Prison Rules it can be said that life in institutions for juvenile offenders with specific mental health and psychological problems “should approximate as closely as possible the positive aspects of life in the community.”

Another Recommendation of the Council of Europe deserves attention. In its Recommendation “New ways of dealing with juvenile offenders and the role of juvenile justice” of 2003, Rec (2003) 20, it was stated that to “address serious, violent and persistent juvenile offending, member states should develop a broader spectrum of innovative and more effective (but still proportional) community sanctions and measures.

They should directly address offending behaviour as well as the needs of the offender” (Rule 8). This rule also refers to juvenile offenders with psychological disturbances and psychiatric problems.

The juvenile welfare agencies, probation and aftercare services for a long time have been confronted with difficult and psychologically problematic young offenders and have learned to work effectively together with health care services and other programmes in the community. This multi-agency approach is recognized by the above mentioned Recommendations of the Council of Europe, too.

The present conference will bring together experts and practitioners working in the different fields of justice, welfare and health care. The outcome could be a better understanding of the numerous, but somehow common problems of difficult juvenile offenders and to develop net-working and coherent rehabilitative systems of treatment and care in the best interests of the young persons and the society in order to prevent further reoffending and victimization.

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INTRODUCTION Thomas Grisso, Ph.D.

University of Massachusetts Medical School United States

BUILDING INTEGRATIVE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEMS: APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGIES REGARDING MENTAL DISORDERS AND DRUGS MISUSE There is growing evidence—from scientific research and juvenile justice professionals—that many young offenders in juvenile justice systems throughout the world have symptoms of mental disorders and serious drug use problems.

Reliable research in several countries has found that onehalf to two-thirds of youth entering pretrial detention centers meet criteria for one or more mental disorders. As this evidence mounts, juvenile justice systems are looking for guidance on how to respond. There are three broad questions about mental disorders, substance use, and young offenders that will be addressed at this conference: - What is the juvenile justice systems obligation to treat its youth with mental health and substance use disorders?

- What treatments are possible for addressing youths’ mental health and substance use disorders?

- What is the juvenile justice system’s capacity to meet those needs?

The first question pertains to our commitment to the welfare of youth, and how we will translate that commitment into policies, obligations and standards of practice. Many countries are now in the process of developing policies and standards that will establish obligations of the juvenile justice system for addressing youths’ mental health needs when they are in the system’s care. Careful consideration must be given to these obligations. Juvenile justice systems are not mental health systems, yet certain responsibilities should be accepted by juvenile justice programs. For example, there would seem to be a fundamental obligation to identify youths’ mental health needs when they enter juvenile justice programs. Thus screening and assessment

methods would seem to be a basic requirement. Standards also ought to consider whether treatment obligations should focus broadly on all youth who meet psychiatric diagnostic criteria, or whether scarce treatment resources should focus particularly on youth with the most severe forms of mental health and substance use problems.

The second question is largely clinical. What methods do we have for treating mental disorders and substance use problems among youth? Of course, child psychiatry and child psychology have developed a significant array of psychological, pharmacological, and family or social interventions for responding to youths’ mental health needs. But the question must be addressed with two primary considerations in mind. One is the importance of identifying whether a treatment is “evidence-based.” Is there solid, researchbased evidence for its effectiveness? If not, using it may involve a waste of resources and a failure to do anything for youth that is of value. The second consideration pertains to the value of mental health treatments in the context of juvenile justice. Many treatment methods may or may not be possible to implement in secure (locked) juvenile facilities.

Others may require medical and psychological specialists that the juvenile justice system cannot afford to employ. We must have clinically effective methods, but they must also be feasible for implementation in juvenile justice settings.

The third question, the juvenile justice system’s capacities, follows from the second. In fact, it is unlikely that our juvenile justice systems will ever be able to meet all of the needs of all of the youth who enter their programs. The juvenile justice system must work in collaboration with, and have the cooperation of, our communities’ broader mental health agencies. Too often youth are identified as “belonging” to the juvenile justice system or to the community’s mental health system, when their delinquency and their mental disorders require the services of both of these types of agencies working collaboratively. Discussions during the conference will consider how both agencies can work together more effectively, for the benefit of youth and society.

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PRESENTATION.

FOURTH IJJO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

The Fourth IJJO International Conference aims to encourage debate and analysis centred on the intervention policies and programmes that are applicable to young offenders suffering from behavioural disorders, and is addressed mainly at professionals and organizations involved in the field of juvenile justice and mental health.

This year’s IJJO International Conference will allow the exchange of knowledge and good practices between the different actors from the legal, social, educational and healthcare professions, thereby contributing to the drawing-up of proposals and recommendations designed to encourage the comprehensive treatment of the minors concerned, as well as to provide possible responses to the main issues brought up from a legal and intervention perspective.

On 9 and 10 November 2010 the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO) will hold the fourth edition of its International Conference in the city of Rome, Italy, in partnership with the Istituto Don Calabria.

The IJJO organizes a biannual International Conference with the objective of enabling professionals, public bodies, institutions and universities to meet under a common interest: the development of a Global Juvenile Justice without Borders. Previous IJJO international conferences were therefore held with focus on the following subject areas: “Juvenile Justice and the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in a Globalized World” –Salamanca (Spain), 2004, “Juvenile Justice in Europe: A framework for integration” –Brussels (Belgium), 2006, “Juvenile Justice Systems in Europe: Current situation, trends in applicable models and good practices” –Valencia (Spain), 2008.

The Fourth IJJO International Conference will take place under the title “Building integrative juvenile justice systems: Approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drugs misuse”, taking as its central theme the study of the treatment of minors who are in conflict with the law and who suffer from mental disorders or some kind of addiction to drugs or toxic substances.

The IJJO is expert in the important matters and problems that arise in an international context when it comes to tackling intervention with minors and young offenders in especially vulnerable situations due to mental disorders and/ or drug abuse.

In this context, the European Commission has, as part of the Daphne III and the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programmes, supported the IJJO in developing an analysis and comparison project together with European organizations and institutions that share its interests and concerns over the current situation of young offenders with mental difficulties in Europe. They arise as fundamental objectives for this research, the promotion of a specialized training for the involved professionals, and also the exchange of good practices within the european context.

The IJJO therefore wishes that the Fourth International Conference be a point of encounter between all those professionals, experts and officials from the areas of juvenile justice,

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health, education, etc; who are interested in the promotion of an effective global approach aimed at the overall development of minors and young offenders who are affected by drug abuse or who suffer from a form of mental illness.

The Fourth International Conference of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory will focus its activities on the importance of integration as the objective of any intervention, and in particular according to the two following central themes: 1. Mental disorders and drugs misuse: Analysis of the situation of minors in conflict with the law.

2. Juvenile justice and health systems: A necessary multidisciplinary and integrative collaboration.

The conference will investigate how the needs of young people with mental-health problems can be managed in the juvenile-justice system through a coordinated, integrated multi-agency response, identifying the support required for such an approach and for achieving successful cooperation.

I. MENTAL DISORDERS AND DRUGS MISUSE: ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF MINORS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW. • Study of the situation of young offenders with mental disorders or disorders related to drugs misuse: the basics for intervention.

Objective: Analysis of the young offender’s profile and psychosocial context.

A wide range of international reports and research studies are in agreement in underlining the high percentage of minors and young offenders who suffer from some kind of mental disorder or addiction to toxic substances.

Through this workshop, we aim to achieve a better understanding of this reality in the context of a comparative analysis from a global perspective. It will therefore become possible to determine the social, family and personal circumstances of these minors, which must guide prevention and intervention policies on their behalf, with the principle

of the minors’ best interest taking precedence at all times.

Gaining a deeper knowledge of the psychosocial circumstances of these minors and young people will also lead to knowing the current responses to which the latter are subjected, both by the juvenile justice and healthcare systems.

• The response of juvenile justice systems to offences committed by minors and young people suffering from mental disorders.

Objective: Definition of integrative interventions for young offenders with mental disorders.

The special situation of minors and young people in conflict with the law who are suffering from some kind of mental disorder makes it necessary to understand which responses are given by juvenile-justice systems in an international context.

The analysis of policies adopted in this field and their relationship with the health services will necessarily lead us to knowing which are the integrative responses chiefly established by countries and whether they are adapted appropriately to the reality of these minors.

In this sense, the following questions may be posed: What are the measures adopted in partnership between the health and justice services? Which specialized resources take the minor’s context into account?

• Juvenile delinquency connected to the misuse of drugs: profile of young offenders and analysis of resources employed towards their social reintegration.

Objective: Definition of integrative interventions for young offenders with addictive behaviour.

Study of the existing relationship between juvenile delinquency and drugs misuse makes it necessary to take into account the profile of these minors and the family and social circumstances in which they find themselves.

Reference will be made to the crimes most commonly com-

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Presentation. Fourth IJJO International Conference

mitted by these minors, and to the specific responses given in dealing with this phenomenon from the level of an international perspective on juvenile justice.

This raises questions such as: What kind of punitive and/or therapeutic measures do juvenile justice systems apply to young offenders who use or abuse addictive substances? Are juvenile justice systems equipped with specific resources for managing and reintegrating these minors? What kind of resources, tools and techniques are used?

II. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND HEALTH SYSTEMS: A NECESSARY MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND INTEGRATIVE COLLABORATION.

• Mental disorders, drugs misuse and juvenile justice: ethical aspects and good practices.

Objective: To encourage and coordinate communication between sectors.

A paradoxical situation can arise for young offenders who suffer from a mental disorder or some kind of addiction to toxic substances: the juvenile justice system considers them responsible, and the health system recognizes them as the victims of their own mental disorder.

This dual circumstance can create certain ethical questions, such as: What might be the impact of the duty of professional secrecy in the relationship between the two systems? How can coordination be encouraged so as to ensure that the minor’s best interests are protected? How can restorative mediation measures, between the young offender and the victim, be set in motion?

• The relationship between juvenile justice systems and health services: the need to encourage specialized resources.

Objective: Development of common intervention tools.

An individualized response to minors and young offenders suffering from some kind of mental disorder or addiction to toxic substances requires necessary coordination between all the agents and organizations involved, mainly those connected to

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the public-health or therapeutic services, and those belonging to the juvenile justice system.

In this sense, it is worth asking: What level of cooperation exists between juvenile-justice and healthcare professionals in the treatment of these minors? In what way are specific and adapted resources promoted for this purpose? How should an appropriate partnership between the services be considered?

How can specialized intervention and the professionalization of these resources be guaranteed?

• Encouraging policies and regulation: interface between systems.

Objective: To promote and establish common links between the systems.

Heeding the international rules and guidelines on the subject of juvenile justice, it is essential to promote and develop policies and programmes designed to strengthen the specialized coordination of all the professionals who work with minors and young offenders on a daily basis.

Due to its special characteristics and circumstances, this coordination has to be specially reinforced in cases of intervention with young offenders who have mental-health or drug-addiction problems. It is necessary to provide a common structure to health and juvenile-justice professionals, which allows them to get to know and understand the particular problems (health, psychological, personality, social, cultural, socio-economic, etc.) of these young people, and the most efficient way of dealing with their situation and contributing towards their social reintegration.

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PRACTICAL INFORMATION Conference Venue

Tourism Information

Auditorium del Massimo Via Massimiliano Massimo, 1, 00144 Rome -Italy

Azienda Di Promozione Turistica Di Roma Via Parigi, 11 - 00185 Roma Tel. +39 06488991 Fax +39 064819316 The Official Tourist website for Rome: www.turismoroma.it turismo@comune.roma.it

Phone 39 06-54602857 auditorium@auditorium.it

Registering and Information During the conference the organisers and staff will help you with any information you may need.

The registration fee includes: • Conference material.

• Coffee breaks on the 9th and 10th.

• Lunches on the 9th and 10th.

• Welcome reception on the 9th in the evening.

Welcome Reception At 19h00 on the 9th there will be a Welcome Reception and a ceremony to hand over the International Award “Juvenile Justice without Borders” at the Marriott Horel Grand Hotel Flora.

Address Rome Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Via Vittorio Veneto, 191 Rome, 00187 Italy

Tourist Information Points (PITs) are welcome centre kiosks for tourists visiting the city, Italian and foreign alike. The PIT’s multilingual staff distributes tourism and cultural information to the public which has been compiled and authorised by the Rome Municipal Council’s Office for tourism. PITs are open 365 days a year and are located all over the centre and in the main transport terminals.

- Tourist Information Point “Ciampino” Baggage Claim International Arrivals - Tourist Information Point “Fiumicino”. Aeroporto Internazionale “Leonardo Da Vinci”- International Arrivals – Terminal B-C - Tourist Information Point “Ostia Lido” Lungomare Paolo Toscanelli - Tourist Information Point “Castel Sant’Angelo” Piazza Pia - Tourist Information Point “ Minghetti” Via Marco Minghetti - Tourist Information Point “Navona” Piazza delle Cinque Lune - Tourist Information Point “Nazionale” Via Nazionale- near Palazzo delle Esposizioni - Tourist Information Point “Santa Maria Maggiore” Via dell’Olmata - Tourist Information Point “Sonnino” Piazza Sidney Sonnino - Tourist Information Point “Termini” Via Giovanni Giolitti, 34 Inside Office F - Platform 24

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Important Telephone Numbers Airports

Emergencies

Airport of Fiumicino: 06-65953640

Police 113

Airport of Ciampino: 06-794941

Local Police 06-67691

Transports ATAC Rome transport: 06-64695444 Metro and Bus: 800-431784 Train information: 147-888088 Pronto Taxi : 06-6645 Radio Taxi 06-3570

Emergencies 118

Cancellation Of Credit Cards American Express 06-72900347 Diners Club 800-864064 MasterCard 800-870866 Visa 800-819014

Services Rome city hall 06-67104640

ADITORIUM DEL MASSIMO Where it is located and how to get there

Auditorium del Massimo 06-54602857

By Metro from Termini railway station.

To get to the Auditorium from Termini railway station take the Metro (line B) from the station itself and get off at EUR Palasport stop. Then either continue on foot (500 mt) as marked on the map with a red line or take a taxi.

Lost and found Airport Fiumicino 06-65953343 Lost and found Airport Ciampino 06-79494230 Lost and found Termini Station 06-47306682

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By car from Grande Raccordo Stradale (Big Ring Road).

EN IT ES FR

Building Integrative Juvenile Justice Systems: Approaches and methodologies regarding mental disorders and drugs misuse

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Practical Information

Its history and the extraordinary richness of its artistic heritage made the city an aspired destination of travellers and tourists of any walk of life, pilgrims, devotees and simple curious.

Cradle of the western civilization and heart of the Catholicism, it is called “Eternal city”, “Caput Mundi”, “Urbe”, that is to say the city par excellence. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was a major political and cultural influence in the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea for over four hundred years from the 1st Century BC until the 4th Century AD. Since the 2nd Century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination in the eight century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic. Since 1929 it is also the site of the Vatican City, an independent city-state run by the Pope.

Colosseum Built between 70 and 80 AD, the Colosseum is one of the most internationally recognised symbols of Rome. It takes its name from an ancient statue, the Colossus of Nero, which stood nearby.

Rome

The capital of Italy, seat of the Catholic Church and the cradle of a civilization that spanned Europe for centuries, Rome was founded on seven hills beside the River Tiber some 2,700 years ago. Throughout its illustrious history, Rome has exerted its considerable influence in fields such as architecture, art, culture, politics, literature, law, philosophy and religion. Now a modern city of 3 million people and Italy’s most popular tourist destination, Rome is famed for its many monuments and museums, not least the Colosseum, and as the location of the Vatican City. A renowned centre of Renaissance art, Rome boasts many grandiose palaces, piazzas and public buildings, as well as sculptures, fountains, mosaics and frescoes by the great artists who made this city their home. With its outstanding contribution to gastronomy, cinema, fashion, sports and entertainment, the Eternal City offers something for everybody.

Rome is the capital of the Republic of Italy, the region of Latium and the province of Rome, as well as Italy's largest city. It lies some 20km/12mi from the Tyrrhenian Sea in the middle of the hilly Campagna di Roma, on the River Tiber (Tevere), the third longest river in Italy (after the Po and the Adige).

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Designed to replace the excesses of Nero's unpopular Domus Aurea (or Golden House), the Colosseum was begun by Vespasian and inaugurated after his death in 79AD by his son Titus.

Up to 50,000 spectators enjoyed immense gladiatorial shows of death and violence. They entered through numbered arches - the Roman numerals above the entrances are still visible in places. The Colosseum is best known as the famous scene of lethal contests with fights to the finish among Rome's gladiatorial elite mostly made up of slaves, criminals and war prisoners.

After falling into disuse, the Colosseum spent some time derelict, as well as being used variously as a private castle and the home of a religious order. Much of the stone was taken to be used in other buildings.

Yet another blow was dealt by a devastating earthquake in 851 which resulted in extensive damage.

Even so, today millions of visitors continue to pour into the Colosseum to view one of the finest examples of Roman architecture, and to imagine ancient Rome as it was at its zenith.

Fori Imperiali (the Imperial Forums).

EN IT ES FR

The Imperial Forums occupy the large field of archaeological rubble that lies between the Capitoline hill and the Colosseum.

Although almost all of the buildings are entirely ruined, with a little imagination it is still possible to get a lot of pleasure out of a trip to the forum.

The Imperial Forums are a series of public squares surrounded by majestic buildings that were constructed between 46 BC and 113 AD. Several emperors added their own forum not just for practical reasons but also to make themselves appear in a more favourable light by freely spending money on public projects.

For many decades, the forums were the centre of city life and important figures gathered here to discuss the economy or expound upon their beliefs about politics or any other hot subjects of the era. There was also room for other purposes such as religion, administration, education and even commercial activities.

Pantheon The word 'Pantheon' signifies all the deities, and the building originated as a temple to twelve of the most important Roman gods. The Pantheon was built in about 125AD during the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. The temple replaced an earlier building constructed by Agrippa (commemorated in the inscription on the portico). This feat of engineering owes its survival to the fact that it was dedicated as a Christian church in 609 after being presented to the Pope. The bronze panels from the portico and the bronze roof were requisitioned by the Emperor Constans II and by Pope Urban VIII (for use in St. Peter's), but otherwise Emperors and Popes alike kept the building in good condition befitting its religious status. In later centuries the Pantheon became the final resting place of artists and kings, including Raphael and Vittorio Emmanuele II, the first king of united Italy.

The sense of harmony inside the Pantheon is partly due to its perfect proportions; the dome's diameter is equal to its height from the floor, creating the potential for a perfect spere.

A 9-metre hole, the oculus, lets in the daylight, and it's easy to see the spiritual significance that this link to the heavens would have possessed. When it rains, water cascades through the roof and slowly drains from the floor.

Piazza di Spagna This is possibly one of the most delightful and stunning settings of the baroque period. The spectacular staircase, built in 1723, gets its name from the nearby Spanish Embassy building, which is still the headquarters of Spain's embassy to the Holy See. It was built at the request of Pope Innocent XIII by Francesco De Sanctis, and in the spring large pots of flowering azaleas make a stunning display on the steps.

Piazza di Spagna, once a year in the summertime, host a famous fashion show, and they are used as a catwalk. The area around Piazza di Spagna is where to find the most prestigious boutiques such as Prada, Valentino, Gucci etc. It is an ideal starting point for your shopping in Rome.

Square of "Campo dei Fiori" The square of "Campo dei Fiori" in Rome is famous for the episode that saw the philosopher Giordano Bruno burned on the rogo by the catholic Inquisition for the accusation of heresy on February 17th 1600 after Christ. The execution is nowadays remembered by a statue built in 1889 after Christ and placed at the centre of the "Campo dei Fiori" on the initiative of the poet Pietro Cossa and which is the work of the sculptor Ettore Ferrari. The name of the place, which some people date back to the fact that one of the lovers of the Imperator Pompeo, Flora, would have lived in this area, is more likely to be attributed to the aspect of total abandon that the square, invaded by plants and flowers, had during the 15th century.

Nowadays "Campo dei Fiori", far away from the most famous tourist itineraries, represent one of the place where Rome shows with a greater transparency its most authentic character from the early morning with the open air market, up to the deepest night with the entertaining offered by the bars, restaurants and "trattorie" of the area.

Piazza Navona It was built exactly at the same place where the Domiziano Stadium was located, in 86 bc. Piazza Navona, which is a pedestrian area now, has 3 baroque fountains and the central one (Fountain of Four Rivers) designed by Bernini. It is a lively place with plenty of stylish restaurants, gelato (ice-cream) bars, and everyday musical or artistic. One of the busiest tourist locations in Rome, Piazza Navona's bars and restaurants often charge a hefty premium for the opportunity to watch the world go by while you eat your carbonara.

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Practical Information

Trevi Fountain The Trevi Fountain is one of the best known sights of Rome, thanks at least in part to its role in Fellini's film “La Dolce Vita”: it was here that Anita Ekberg did her splashing about.

This is one of the most imposing and stunning attractions in the whole of Rome and every day it is visited by crowds of people, many tossing coins into the water. As a result, the fountain actually grosses a large amount of money each year and most of this is donated to charity. In 1730, Pope Clemente XII decided to replace the existing fountain, designed in 1453, with one of much more majesty and asked the city's best artists of that time to help him with the project. The resulting Trevi Fountain is one of undeniable splendour. The carved, marble centrepiece is a large shell pulled by two sea-horses and driven by two tritons, from which a majestic statue representing the ocean emerges. The water is turned off in the early hours of the morning and occasionally at other times for cleaning, so if it is empty when you arrive, make sure that you return to see it in full flow. A fairly recent 'superstition' says that if you throw a coin into the fountain, you are destined to return to Rome.

Castel Sant’Angelo Castel Sant'Angelo is located on the banks of the Tiber in the heart of Rome. It's close to the Vatican. The building was originally constructed by the Emperor Hadrian between 123 and 139AD to serve as his mausoleum. Like the earlier Mausoleum of Augustus, the cylindrical tomb would have been topped with statues: a grand reminder of the emperor and his dynasty. Inside you can still walk up the wide spiral passage designed for the ascent of the funeral cortege.

A century and a half later, the tomb was incorporated into the Aurelian Wall, and from then on the defensive importance of the monument saw it undergo many military adaptations.

After spending the Middle Ages passing through the hands of various warring Roman families, the fortress was acquired by the papacy in 1377. A covered passageway (the Passetto del Borgo) still connects Castel Sant'Angelo to the Vatican: this was the popes' emergency escape route.

Nowadays visitors can explore the legacy of all three uses of the monument: the funeral passage of Hadrian, the defensive

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battlements and the beautifully-frescoed interiors. In the summer there are sometimes special evening events held here, which have in the past included medieval warfare displays and folk music recitals, as well as a bar on the highest terrace.

The Vatican City Vatican is the smallest state in the world and the papal residence. The Vatican's position as a sovereign state within a state was quaranteed by the Lateran Treaty of 1929, marked by the building of a new road, the Via della Conciliazione. This leads from huge St Peter's basilica to Castel Sant' Angelo, a monument to a far grimmer past.

Close to the right bank of the River Tiber, the Vatican City has its own civil and judicial systems, post office, bank, newspaper, radio station, supermarket and railway station. Often referred to as the Holy See, the most popular places to visit include St. Peter's Basilica.

St Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) It’s the world’s largest Basilica of Christianity, nested into the heart of the Vatican city, it was built on the site thought to be that of the tomb of St Peter. This tradition dates back to the second century AD and, in 1950, Pope Pius XII announced that the tomb had finally been discovered. Human remains were recovered from the tomb, but it was not until eighteen years later, in 1968, that they were announced to be the relics of St Peter.

The current basilica dates from the sixteenth century, and it replaces an older church built there in the fourth century on the orders of the Emperor Constantine.

It is an overwhelming interior containing notable sculptures including Michelangelo's Pieta. In the central aisle stands Arnolfo da Cambio's bronze statue of St Peter, its foot worn down by the constant flow of pilgrims' kisses. A strict dress code is in place for the Basilica and no shorts, bare shoulders or miniskirts are allowed (for men and women).

EN IT ES FR

The Vatican Museums The collection of art on display in the Vatican Museums has been gathered together over the last 500 years, beginning with Pope Julius' acquisition in 1506 of the statue of Laocoรถn and his Sons, which had been unearthed in a vineyard in Rome. The collection has grown considerably since then, and has become one of the key parts of a visit to Rome.

The Vatican Museums are a group of palaces which house some of the most important collections in the world. There are several exhibitons, including the Etruscan Museum, Raphael Rooms and Loggias, the Egyptian Museum and the world-famous Sistine Chapel, which is probably the most important part of this vast museum complex. Also worth a visit are Raphael's Rooms (Stanze di Raffaello), several rooms of the Vatican apartment that were painted by Raphael at the request of Pope Julius II. The Vatican Museums are part of the Vatican Palace, which has been the official residence of the Pope since 1377. With painted ceilings, chapels, an estimated 1,400 rooms and many galleries, there are approximately 5 miles / 8 km of exhibits.

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IT

PRESENTAZIONE.

OSSERVATORIO INTERNAZIONALE SULLA GIUSTIZIA MINORILE HA L’OBIETTIVO DI CREARE UN SERVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE PERMANENTE, UNO SPAZIO DI STUDIO E RIFLESSIONE RIVOLTO AI PROFESSIONISTI DELLA GIUSTIZIA MINORILE DI TUTTO IL MONDO, COSI’ COME AGLI ENTI CHE SI OCCUPANO DELLE SITUAZIONE DEI MINORENNI A RISCHIO DI ESCLUSIONE SOCIALE. Principi L’IJJO svolge le proprie attività promuovendo i principali testi internazionali, quali la Convenzione sui Diritti del Bambino, le Linee Guida delle Nazioni Unite per la prevenzione della delinquenza minorile (Riyadh Guidelines), gli standard minimi delle Nazioni Unite per l’amministrazione della giustizia minorile (Beijing Rules) e gli standard minimi delle Nazioni Unite per le misure alternative alla custodia (Tokyo rules), etc.

Attivita’ Il lavoro svolto dall’IJJO si basa su una visione internazionale e interdisciplinare della giustizia minorile che mira a creare un futuro per i giovani attraverso l’uso di strategie che stimolino lo sviluppo internazionale di politiche, leggi e metodi di intervento adeguati all’interno di un contesto di GIUSTIZIA MINORILE GLOBALE SENZA FRONTIERE. A questo scopo, l’Osservatorio coordina ricerche e studi connessi ai differenti problemi che emergono nel settore della giustizia minorile.

Sin dalla sua fondazione, nel 2003, l’IJJO ha sviluppato un network internazionale di oltre 10.000 esperti, collaboratori e utenti provenienti da più di 120 paesi diversi. L’Osservatorio offre inoltre un servizio di riferimento internazionale permanente, dove professionisti della giustizia minorile possono incontrarsi, riflettere e lavorare congiuntamente. Attraverso il suo sito web, l’IJJO diffonde online informazioni rivolte alla società civile, ai suoi utenti ed ai collaboratori che possono accedere ad un ampio database, che viene aggiornato quotidianamente e contiene più di 27.000 documenti (rassegne stampa, eventi, reports, leggi, documenti formativi etc.) sulla delinquenza e sulla giustizia minorile.

Osservatori Continentali L’OIJJ vuole essere vicino alle realtà territoriali, per tale ragione ha istituito osservatori continentali: l’Osservatorio sulla Giustizia Minorile Europeo, quello Africano e quello LatinoAmericano. Questi distaccamenti locali dell’ IJJO rispondono all’esigenza di assistere gli Stati direttamente dall’interno della società civile in modo tale che vengano applicate le regole internazionali sulla protezione dei diritti dei bambini e dei minori in generale in modo efficiente, facilitando la ricerca permanente e il miglioramento dei sistemi di giustizia minorile.

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In questo contesto, le attività di avvocatura e consulenza implementate dall’IJJO sono state abbracciate dalle Nazioni Unite, così come dalle istituzioni europee e internazionali, sono state altresì ufficialmente riconosciute da altri importanti organismi. Inoltre, per aumentare la coscienza pubblica relativamente alle tematiche inerenti la giustizia minorile, l’IJJO realizza iniziative come, ad esempio, le campagne internazionali “Assistenza legale per i minorenni in conflitto con la legge” e “Due decenni di giustizia minorile: progressi dall’adozione della Convenzione Internazionale sui Diritti del Bambino”.

Conferenze Internazionali Ogni due anni, l’IJJO organizza una Conferenza Internazionale dove numerosi esperti in diversi settori si riuniscono per analizzare le azioni nell’ambito dei sistemi di giustizia minorile ed i modelli di intervento che possono essere applicati nei vari Paesi. Promuovendo la realizzazione di questi incontri internazionali sulla giustizia minorile, l’Osservatorio intende contribuire al progresso ed al miglioramento delle politiche, stimolare lo sviluppo di nuovi programmi di intervento educativi e la ricerca sul tema dei minorenni a rischio di esclusione sociale.

Scuola Internazionale di Giustizia Minorile L’Osservatorio ha inoltre creato una Scuola Internazionale di Giustizia Minorile (ISJJ) quale spazio di ricerca e formazione a livello internazionale, i cui propositi prioritari mirano a rinforzare la produzione e la disseminazione di conoscenza e lo sviluppo di azioni formative nei diversi ambiti della giustizia minorile.

La Scuola Internazionale di Giustizia Minorile è stata creata inoltre per promuovere incontri, la cooperazione ed il networking tra professionisti, ricercatori, insegnanti, organismi pubblici e privati attivi nel campo della giustizia minorile. Le sue principali linee di azione tratteranno le piu’ importanti questioni relative alla prevenzione, l’intervento educativo, il quadro giuridico, la tutela dei minori, l’inclusione sociale, etc.

EN IT ES FR

SALUTI DI APERTURA Dr. Francisco Legaz

Presidente Osservatorio Internazionale sulla Giustizia Minorile Belgio Dopo l’ultima conferenza internazionale dell’International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO), tenutasi a Valencia (Spagna) nel 2008, l’Osservatorio ha continuato a lavorare e ad impegnarsi per la difesa dei diritti e l’integrazione dei bambini e dei giovani in conflitto con la legge. Pertanto, l’IJJO ha sviluppato la propria attività secondo quattro linee fondamentali di azione: sensibilizzazione, formazione, networking e ricerca. a) In questo modo, nell’ambito della sensibilizzazione e in occasione del 20° anniversario della Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti del fanciullo, nel 2009 l’IJJO ha lanciato la campagna internazionale “Due decenni di Giustizia minorile: i miglioramenti dopo l’adozione del Convenzione sui diritti del fanciullo” dove ha avuto l’onore di poter contare sulla partecipazione di personaggi importanti ed esperti internazionali in materia. Ha perseguito inoltre le priorità stabilite dall’Agenda sociale dell’Unione Europea e, nell’ambito dell’Anno europeo 2010 di lotta alla povertà e all’esclusione sociale, l’ IJJO ha promosso la Campagna “2010. Percorsi di integrazione dei minori in conflitto con la legge “. b) L’IJJO è consapevole dell’importanza che riveste una formazione specializzata per i professionisti che lavorano nel campo della giustizia minorile ed opera in questo senso attraverso l’organizzazione e la partecipazione a convegni, seminari etc. etc., ma, soprattutto, attraverso la realizzazione di un Conferenza Internazionale IJJO a cadenza biennale giunta alla sua IV edizione dal titolo: “Costruire sistemi integrati di giustizia minorile: approcci e metodologie riguardanti i disturbi mentali e l’ abuso di droghe”. L’IJJO ha inoltre costituito la Scuola Internazionale per la Giustizia Minorile (ISJJ) quale istituto di formazione. c) Nel promuovere altre linee d’azione, la promozione della collaborazione e cooperazione tra i diversi attori connessi alla giustizia minorile, l’IJJO ha continuato a promuovere lo sviluppo di una vasta rete di esperti, collaboratori e utenti a livello internazionale e mondiale, in gran parte provenienti dalle Pubbliche Amministrazioni, dalle organizzazioni internazionali, dal mondo della formazione, dagli istituti accademici e dalle Organizzazioni Non Governative (ONG). Attraverso il suo sito web, l’IJJO costituisce un punto di riferimento a livello internazionale per quanto riguarda le informazioni in

materia di giustizia minorile, grazie ad un database che contiene già 25.300 documenti disponibili nelle tre lingue ufficiali dell’Osservatorio (inglese, francese e spagnolo). Presto sarà disponibile il nuovo sito web dell’IJJO il cui nuovo format intende conformarsi alle esigenze ed alle necessità di tutti i suoi utenti. d) Nell’ambito della ricerca, l’IJJO partecipa e coordina diversi progetti di ricerca a livello europeo, da evidenziare per il 2009/10 la Ricerca sugli indicatori della Giustizia Minorile per l’Europa. Questa ricerca, promossa dall’IJJO, rappresenta uno strumento di comparazione e di riferimento da applicare come punto di partenza per la valutazione e l’applicazione degli standard internazionali all’interno dei sistemi di Giustizia Minorile Europei.

Vorrei anche sottolineare che per tutto il periodo 2008/10 e al fine di promuovere la creazione di spazi continentali per la riflessione, lo sviluppo di iniziative, la produzione di codici per la definizione di buone pratiche e degli standard per l’educazione e l’integrazione di minorenni e giovani in conflitto con la legge, l’IJJO ha dato vita all’ Osservatorio Europeo sulla Giustizia Minorile (EJJO) con sede a Bruxelles (Belgio), così come all’Osservatorio Latino Americano sulla Giustizia Minorile (LJJO) e, ultimo ma non meno importante, l’Osservatorio Africano sulla Giustizia Minorile (AJJO) con sedi rispettivamente a Panama ed in Kenya.

Per quanto riguarda l’EJJO, mi preme mettere in evidenza il Consiglio Europeo per la Giustizia Minorile quale opera centrale ed organo di riflessione dell’EJJO che formula raccomandazioni circa lo sviluppo e l’evoluzione della giustizia minorile in Europa attraverso la promozione di azioni coordinate tra i diversi attori che sono competenti in materia di legislazione, esecuzione, supervisione, ricerca ed interventi nel settore della giustizia minorile. Tale organo è composto dai maggiori esperti e professionisti provenienti da amministrazioni pubbliche statali competenti in materia di giustizia minorile, da università ed istituzioni accademiche e dalle ONG attive in ciascuno degli Stati membri dell’Unione europea.

Al fine di pubblicizzare i progressi compiuti rispetto alla costituzione del Consiglio Europeo di Giustizia Minorile, l’11 no-

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vembre 2010, all’interno della IV Conferenza Internazionale, avrà luogo il suo secondo meeting. Durante questo incontro verranno discussi alcuni degli argomenti più rilevanti e le preoccupazioni espresse dai partecipanti durante il primo incontro del 2009. Le conclusioni di questa collaborazione verranno presentate alla Commissione Europea attraverso la pubblicazione di tre libri verdi.

Come già sottolineato inizialmente, le azioni di formazione e ricerca rappresentano l’elemento chiave e la ragion d’essere dell’ IJJO. Questo è il contesto all’interno del quale, con cadenza biennale, si celebra la Conferenza Internazionale IJJO ora giunta alla sua IV edizione “Costruire sistemi integrati di giustizia minorile: approcci e metodologie riguardanti i disturbi mentali e l’ abuso di droghe”, realizzata grazie alla collaborazione dell’Istituto Don Calabria di Verona. La Conferenza Internazionale IJJO riunisce esperti e professionisti provenienti dai diversi continenti per lavorare, discutere e studiare da un punto di vista multi-disciplinare, i problemi e le sfide interni alla giustizia minorile.

La I Conferenza Internazionale si è svolta nel 2004 a Salamanca (Spagna) con il titolo ‘Giustizia Minorile e la prevenzione della delinquenza in un mondo globalizzato’, Il tema della II Conferenza Internazionale (Bruxelles 2006) è stato invece “Giustizia Minorile in Europa: un quadro per l’integrazione”. Nel 2008, la III Conferenza Internazionale, svoltasi a Valencia (Spagna), ha analizzato i “sistemi di giustizia minorile in Europa: situazione attuale, tendenze nei modelli applicabili e buone pratiche”.

Nell’edizione attuale, l’asse principale della Conferenza Internazionale è la necessità di articolare programmi e risorse che permettano interventi efficaci con minorenni e giovani con problemi di salute mentale e/o abuso di droga che sono allo stesso tempo a rischio e/o in conflitto con la legge. Si ritiene pertanto indispensabile sviluppare e promuovere sistemi di valutazione affidabili ed oggettivi che promuovano il consolidamento di sistemi integrati di giustizia minorile e producano uno stretto coordinamento tra i sistemi della giustizia, sanitari e dei servizi sociali.

Questa Conferenza Internazionale vuole essere uno spazio di incontro multidisciplinare tra i vari settori connessi (giuridico, sociale, sanitario, terapeutico, pedagogico, ecc) al fine di riflettere e discutere su quelli che sono i diversi fattori che andrebbero analizzati da un punto di vista sociale, familiare, fisiologico etc. Uno dei principali obiettivi è anche

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quello di studiare le diverse formule per il trattamento di questi minorenni e giovani a partire dalle risorse disponibili all’interno dei sistemi della giustizia minorile, della sanità, dei servizi sociali ecc., considerando in ogni momento, il miglior interesse dello stesso quale punto di riferimento necessario per un trattamento globale ed integrato.

L’importanza di studiare questa tematica è illustrata nelle conclusioni e nei risultati delle ricerche effettuate a livello internazionale, che coincidono nel mostrare un’alta percentuale di minorenni e giovani autori di reato che soffrono di qualche tipo di disturbo mentale o che fanno uso di sostanze.

In questo modo, i sistemi di giustizia minorile devono fornire una risposta sulla base del contesto personale de minorenne, in modo tale da contribuire alla sua effettiva inclusione sociale. L’uso di strumenti di diagnosi, rilevazione e valutazione deve essere considerato come prioritario nel processo di intervento con questi minori. Il trattamento efficace di questi stessi minori richiede molto spesso il coinvolgimento dei diversi sistemi coinvolti, che sono chiamati a collaborare molto da vicino e secondo un’ ottica multi-agency.

Vorrei anche far notare che alla IV Conferenza Internazionale, l’IJJO condividerà i risultati ottenuti dal progetto di ricerca, “Analisi comparativa europea e trasferimento di conoscenze sulle risorse per la salute mentale dei minorenni autori di reato”, coordinato dal IJJO nell’ambito del programma Daphne III della Commissione Europea. L’obiettivo principale del progetto è di sviluppare buone pratiche e programmi di formazione adattati a quelle che sono le esigenze dei professionisti/esperti e dei minori secondo una prospettiva multidisciplinare ed integrata con una stretta collaborazione tra il sistema giustizia e quello sanitario.

Saranno presentati altresì i risultati finali del progetto di ricerca “Crimini minorili connessi alla droga - DREJC”, finanziato dalla Commissione Europea, coordinato dall’ organizzazione italiana Istituto Don Calabria alla quale ha partecipato anche l’ Osservatorio. Obiettivo del progetto era di stimolare, promuovere ed elaborare metodi multi-disciplinari per la prevenzione strategica della delinquenza minorile connessa al consumo di droga.

Sono convinto che i risultati di questi due progetti di ricerca, i contenuti delle sessioni plenarie ed i workshop, insieme alla grande esperienza dei partecipanti, serviranno come base per continuare a lavorare insieme durante questi due giorni con l’obiettivo di: analizzare in profondità come dare una

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risposta efficace ai bisogni dei minorenni e dei giovani con problemi di salute mentale o che fanno uso di droghe all’interno del sistema di giustizia minorile attraverso azioni coordinate ed integrate, individuando modalità operative in grado di garantire una cooperazione di successo per il loro reinserimento sociale e professionale.

Le conclusioni ed i risultati ottenuti nel corso della IV Conferenza Internazionale saranno senza dubbio moto utili e consentiranno di migliorare ed implementare ulteriormente il nostro impegno professionale nei confronti dei bambini e dei giovani in modo che possano diventare adulti liberi e responsabili ed affrontare il futuro con gioia e speranza. Queste conclusioni verranno inserite in una dichiarazione congiunta da presentare alle Istituzioni Europee ed internazionali per promuovere risposte a livello politico, legislativo, sanitario e medico, sociale, ecc. sulla base di quelle che sono le necessità di intervento per questi minori.

Infine, sempre nell’ambito della IV Conferenza Internazionale, vorrei evidenziare la creazione da parte dell’ IJJO del Premio internazionale: Giustizia Minorile senza frontiere, utilizzato dall’ Osservatorio stesso per dare un riconoscimento al lavoro di Istituzioni, esperti e persone che mostrano un impegno costante nella difesa dei diritti dei bambini e nella promozione di sistemi di giustizia minorile che mirano allo sviluppo integrale dei minorenni e dei giovani in conflitto con la legge.

Molte grazie a tutti voi.

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Welcoming Words

On. Avv. Angelino Alfano

Dott. Bruno Brattoli

Ministro della Giustizia Ministero della Giustizia Italia

Auguro che la IV° Conferenza Internazionale sulla Giustizia Minorile possa contribuire all’implementazione delle conoscenze e delle esperienze di successo riguardanti le tematiche degli interventi rivolti agli adolescenti e giovani autori di reato ai quali bisogna concedere, nel pieno rispetto dei valori costituzionali e delle dignità dell’uomo, l’opportunità di riabilitarsi.

Ritengo che la prospettiva dell’integrazione nell’opera delle Istituzioni e delle specifiche competenze professionali sia l’elemento chiave per concorrere al miglioramento dei programmi di recupero e allo sviluppo di strategie individuate dall’Unione Europea per attuare un modello operativo efficace e funzionale al fine di proporre concreti percorsi di recupero da ogni forma di devianza.

Auspico che il dibattito internazionale promosso nelle sessioni della Conferenza possa indicare percorsi ed orientamenti che permettano di coniugare le doverose esigenze di legalità e sicurezza con le responsabilità proprie di ogni Paese di attivare risorse e reali opportunità per i minorenni ed i giovani sottoposti alle misure giudiziarie.

Capo Dipartimento per la Giustizia Minorile Ministero della Giustizia Italia

Desidero porgere un caro saluto e un cordiale benvenuto nella nostra città a tutti gli organizzatori e agli illustri partecipanti a questo prestigioso consesso da parte del Dipartimento per la Giustizia Minorile che ho l’onore di dirigere.

Nella mia veste di rappresentante delle istituzioni ringrazio innanzi tutto l’Osservatorio, il suo Presidente Francisco Legaz e il suo Direttore Cédric Foussard per aver scelto l’Italia e Roma come sede della 4a Conferenza Internazionale sulla giustizia minorile; ritengo sia un segno dell’interesse e dell’apprezzamento internazionale, oltre che alla nostra bella capitale, anche nei confronti del nostro complesso sistema della giustizia minorile, che vede collaborare Stato e privato sociale in una sinergia virtuosa; solo così infatti, a mio parere, è possibile affrontare e risolvere le enormi questioni connesse con l’universo dei minori che entrano in contatto con la giustizia.

Apprezzo inoltre il taglio dato alla Conferenza, ovvero la scelta di temi relativi alla salute psichica e fisica dei minorenni autori di reato. Il disagio psichico e l‘abuso di sostanze stupefacenti nei minorenni e giovani adulti sono infatti spesso le cause del loro ingresso nel circuito penale e le nostre società avanzate si trovano ad affrontare la sfida della prevenzione e del recupero di queste categorie particolarmente vulnerabili di minori. In Italia ad esempio, la medicina penitenziaria è stata di recente oggetto di riforma per renderla più efficiente e penetrante, ed è quindi tanto più importante per noi confrontarci e conoscere le altre realtà del settore.

Ecco perché il contributo degli illustri studiosi, dei rappresentanti delle istituzioni internazionali e degli operatori del terzo settore che interverranno nel corso di queste due giornate sarà fondamentale per la diffusione e lo scambio di buone prassi.

Auspico che i contenuti degli interventi e dei laboratori che si svolgeranno nell’ambito di questa Conferenza possano stimolare la cooperazione e lo scambio tra i vari sistemi per renderli sempre più efficienti ed innovativi.

Buon lavoro!

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EDITORIALE Prof. Frieder Dünkel

Preside del Dipartimento di Criminologia.

Facoltà di Giurisprudenza ed Economia.

Vice-rettore Università di Ernst-Moritz-Arndt, Greifswald. Germania

MINORENNI CON PROBLEMI DI DISAGIO MENTALE E ABUSO DI DROGA –UNA FASCIA AMPIAMENTE TRASCURATA DAI SISTEMI DI GIUSTIZIA MINORILE EUROPEI I problemi di disagio mentale e abuso di droga sono spesso trascurati o quantomeno sottostimati dai sistemi di giustizia minorile europei. Rispetto ai minorenni autori di reato affetti da malattia mentale spesso non si hanno dati aggiornati. Se guardiamo alla popolazione in regime di custodia, diventa chiaro che la maggior parte soffre di disturbi mentali che a volte possono essere disagnosticati come vere e proprie malattie. Recenti studi condotti in Germania hanno dimostrato che la popolazione nelle carceri minorili é comparabile a quella presente nelle istituzioni psichiatriche minorili se consideriamo i problemi psicologici ed i disturbi mentali.

Inoltre, non si hanno stime esatte rispetto al numero di minorenni autori di reato che vengono collocati in ospedali psichiatrici o istituzioni invece che essere considerati penalmente responsabili. Nello stendere le Regole Europee per minorenni autori di reato sottoposti a sanzioni o misure, Rec (2008) 11, il Consiglio d’Europa ha cercato di trovare evidenza empirica rispetto al numero di minorenni detenuti in ospedali psichiatrici. Il risultato fu disastroso: solo 4 su 34 Stati Membri furono in grado di fornire al Consiglio d’Europa cifre concrete riguardanti i minorenni che si trovavano in istituzioni di quel tipo fino a quel momento.

Gli standard relativi ai diritti umani dovrebbero essere gli stessi per il welfare minorile, la giustizia (minorenni autori di reato in custodia cautelare e già processati) e gli istituti psichiatrici. Il quadro generale della Raccomandazione (2008) 11 del Consiglio d’Europa, la quale prevede di trattare tutti

i minorenni autori di reato presenti nelle varie istituzioni secondo un approccio di olistico ha raccolto pieno consenso.

Tali Regole intendono fornire delle linee guida per formulare, per quanto possibile, una serie di norme generali che siano rilevanti in tutte le differenti istituzioni riducendo le norme specifiche al minimo necessario. In linea con tale approccio, la parte generale delle Regole che riguarda la privazione della libertá contiene 145 norme (49.1-107.2), mentre la parte specifica sulle istituzioni psichiatriche fornisce solamente tre norme aggiuntive (117.-119.). Lo scopo riabilitativo e principi quali lo stabilire un piano globale in grado di realizzare una varietà di attività significative, attività sociali ed interventi individualizzati, la promozione dei contatti con il mondo esterno, la preparazione alla scarcerazione e la presa in carico continua che includa anche il dopo-trattamento (aftercare) effettuata da servizi che avrebbero dovuto essere stati coinvolti giá durante il trattamento istituzionale, sono validi sia per quanto concerne il regime di custodia (detenzione) così come per le istituzioni di cura o le istituzioni psichiatriche e di salute mentale.

Norme specifiche per le istituzioni di salute mentale sono: “il trattamento dei problemi di salute mentale… potrà essere determinato esclusivamente su base medica” e “gli standard di sicurezza saranno determinati primariamente su base medica” (Regole 118. e 119.).

Le differenti istituzioni per minorenni autori di reato sono regolarmente gestite da autoritá diverse: il sistema giudiziario (Ministero della Giustizia), il sistema sociale (Ministero delle Politiche Sociali) ed il sistema sanitario (istituzioni psichiatriche o di trattamento delle dipendenze) hanno costruito strutture organizzative e quadri di regolamentazione propri ed indipendenti, sebbene i bisogni di detenuti, pazienti ed utenti siano simili. La presente conferenza potrebbe rappresentare in questo senso una pietra miliare nel tentativo di costruire dei ponti in grado di congiungere queste diverse Autorità ed Istituzioni. Una maggiore flessibilità tra le stesse costituisce una base scientifica fondamentale nel momento in cui si vogliono realizzare programmi di trattamento adattabili a qualsiasi circostanza. I minorenni detenuti con

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problemi di salute mentale necessitano di un trattamento psichiatrico o psicoterapeutico, che normalmente dovrebbe essere fornito da istituzioni e servizi psichiatrici specializzati.

Esistono tuttavia anche casi di minorenni autori di reato grave che si trovano nelle istituzioni psichiatriche e che, a seguito del trattamento per i disturbi psichiatrici, necessitano ulteriori interventi indirizzati ai loro schemi cognitivi e comportamentali anti-sociali (i quali potrebbero non essere basati su problemi psichiatrici). Questi possono essere trattati attraverso l’uso di programmi specifici, ad esempio quelli che sono stati sviluppati dai cosiddetti dipartimenti socio-terapeutici dei sistemi penitenziari minorili tedeschi. Le istituzioni di welfare dispongono invece di modelli più aperti e l’aspetto della sicurezza risulta di minore importanza.

In riferimento alle Regole Penitenziarie Europee si può affermare che la vita nelle istituzioni per minorenni autori di reato con specifici problemi psicologici “dovrebbe avvicinarsi il più possibile agli aspetti positivi della vita comunitaria”.

Un’altra Raccomandazione del Consiglio d’Europa é degna di nota. Nella Raccomandazione “Nuovi modi di trattare con i minorenni autori di reato e il ruolo della giustizia minorile” del 2003, Rec (2003) 20, si sancisce che “per affrontare crimini minorili gravi, violenti e persistenti, gli stati membri dovrebbero realizzare un più ampio spettro di misure e sanzioni comunitarie maggiormente efficaci ed innovative (nel rispetto del principio di proporzionalità). Esse andrebbero indirizzate sia al comportamento deviante, sia ai bisogni degli autori di reato” (Regola 8.). Questa norma si riferisce anche ai minorenni con turbe psicologiche e problemi psichiatrici.

Le agenzie preposte al welfare minorile, i servizi di aftercare e messa alla prova devono confrontarsi da molto tempo con minorenni autori di reato difficili e psicologicamente problematici, pertanto, hanno imparato a lavorare in stretta collaborazione con i servizi di tutela e sanitari e con altri programmi locali in modo efficace. Tale approccio multiagency é riconosciuto anche delle sovramenzionate Raccomandazioni del Consiglio d’Europa.

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Le presente conferenza riunirà esperti e professionisti operanti nei diversi settori della giustizia, del welfare e della sanità. Il risultato potrebbe essere una maggiore comprensione dei numerosi, ma comuni, problemi dei minorenni autori di reato e lo sviluppo di una rete di lavoro e di sistemi di cura e trattamento coerenti nel migliore interesse dei giovani e della società, in modo da prevenire ulteriori episodi di recidiva e vittimizzazione.

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INTRODUZIONE Thomas Grisso, Ph.D.

Università del Massachusetts Medical School Stati Uniti

COSTRUIRE SISTEMI INTEGRATI DI GIUSTIZIA MINORILE: APPROCCI E METODOLOGIE RIGUARDANTI I DISTURBI MENTALI E L’ABUSO DI DROGHE Sempre più studi – provenienti sia dalla ricerca scientifica che da professionisti della giustizia minorile – indicano che molti minorenni autori di reato all’interno dei sistemi di giustizia minorile in tutto il mondo mostrano sintomi di disordine mentale e seri problemi di abuso di droga. Ricerche attendibili in diversi paesi hanno provato che la metà dei giovani detenuti in attesa di processo, fino ad arrivare ai due terzi di essi, soddisfano i criteri per la diagnosi di uno o più disturbi mentali.

Con l’aumentare di questi dati, i sistemi di giustizia minorile sono alla ricerca di linee guida su come rispondere al fenomeno. Ci sono tre principali quesiti riguardanti il disordine mentale che verranno posti nel corso della conferenza: • Quali sono i doveri del sistema di giustizia minorile nel trattamento di minori affetti da patologie mentali e di abuso di droga?

• Quali trattamenti é possibile indirizzare ai problemi di salute mentale e di abuso di sostanze nei giovani?

• Qual’é la capacità del sistema di giustizia minorile di rispondere a queste esigenze?

La prima questione riguarda il nostro impegno per il benessere dei giovani, e come tale impegno si traduca in politiche, obblighi e modelli di pratiche. Molti paesi stanno attualmente sviluppando politiche e modelli che stabiliscano gli obblighi del sistema di giustizia minorile per affrontare i bisogni riguardanti la salute mentale dei giovani quando entrano bei

sistemi di cura.

Questo tipo di bisogni richiedono un’attenzione particolare. I sistemi di giustizia minorile non sono servizi di salute mentale, nonostante ciò ci sono alcune responsabilità di cui dovrebbero farsi carico.

Ad esempio, identificare i bisogni inerenti la salute mentale dei giovani quando fanno ingresso nei sistemi di giustizia minorile sembrerebbe essere un obbligo fondamentale, i metodi di screening e valutazione risultano pertanto requisiti basilari. .

I modelli di intervento dovrebbero anche valutare se l’obbligo di trattamento andrebbe applicato in generale a tutti i giovani che soddisfano i criteri di diagnosi psichiatrica, oppure se, viste le scarse risorse, esso andrebbe indirizzato nello specifico a quei minori affetti dalle forme più gravi di disturbo mentale e di abuso di droga.

La seconda questione é in gran parte clinica. Quali metodi possediamo per il trattamento di disturbi mentali e della dipendenza da sostanze nei giovani? Naturalmente la psichiatria e la psicologia dello sviluppo hanno elaborato una gamma significativa di interventi psicologici, farmacologici, familiari o sociali per rispondere ai bisogni inerenti la salute mentale dei giovani. Questo quesito tuttavia deve essere posto facendo due principali considerazioni. La prima riguarda l’importanza di chiarire se un trattamento è “evidence-based (basato sull’evidenza)”. C’é una solida e sufficiente evidenza scientifica che attesti la sua efficacia? In caso di risposta negativa, l’utilizzo di tale approccio potrebbe comportare uno spreco di risorse ed un fallimento rispetto al tentativo di fare qualcosa di valore per i giovani.

La seconda considerazione si riferisce al valore dei trattamenti per la salute mentale nel contesto della giustizia minorile. Molti di essi infatti potrebbero essere o non essere realizzabili in strutture minorili di sicurezza (chiuse).

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Altri potrebbero richiedere il supporto di specialisti in medicina e psicologia che il sistema giudiziario minorile non può permettersi di impiegare. Per implementare i sistemi di giustizia minorile é dunque necessario avere metodi clinicamente efficaci che siano allo stesso tempo realizzabili.

La terza questione, relativa alle capacità del sistema di giustizia minorile, emerge dalla seconda. E’ improbabile infatti che il nostro sistema di giustizia minorile sarà mai in grado di venire incontro a tutti i bisogni dei giovani che seguono i programmi proposti. Il sistema di giustizia minorile deve lavorare in stretta collaborazione con le più grandi agenzie/strutture di salute mentale presenti nelle nostre comunità.

Troppo spesso i giovani vengono etichettati come “appartenenti” al sistema giudiziario o al Servizio di salute mentale, mentre i loro disturbi necessiterebbero di un lavoro congiunto dei servizi di entrambi questi Sistemi. I dibattiti che si terranno durante la conferenza analizzeranno come entrambi i Sistemi possano lavorare congiuntamente e più efficacemente, a beneficio dei giovani e della società.

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PRESENTAZIONE

IV CONFERENZA INTERNAZIONALE OIJJ

La IV Conferenza Internazionale dell’OIJJ ha come obiettivo la promozione, l’analisi e l’apertura di un dibattito sulle politiche e i programmi di intervento applicabili ai minori autori di reato affetti da disturbi del comportamento e si indirizza principalmente ai professionisti e agli organismi impegnati nell’ambito della giustizia minorile e della salute mentale.

Nelle giornate del 9 e 10 Novembre 2010 l’Osservatorio Internazionale sulla Giustizia Minorile (OIJJ) celebrerà la sua IV Conferenza Internazionale nella città di Roma (Italia) in collaborazione con l’Istituto Don Calabria di Verona.

Questa nuova edizione della Conferenza Internazionale OIJJ permetterà lo scambio di conoscenze e di buone pratiche tra i diversi operatori provenienti dall’ambito giuridico, sociale, educativo e sanitario, contribuendo così alla formulazione di proposte e raccomandazioni volte a favorire il trattamento integrato di questi minori, fornendo in tal modo delle possibili risposte alle principali domande che si pongono sul piano giuridico e dell’intervento.

La IV Conferenza Internazionale OIJJ avrà come titolo “Costruire sistemi integrati di giustizia minorile: Approcci e metodologie riguardanti i disturbi mentali e l’abuso di droghe”. Il tema principale attorno al quale verterà l’evento sarà: il trattamento dei minorenni autori di reato affetti da disturbo mentale o facenti uso/abuso di sostanze stupefacenti.

L’OIJJ, con cadenza biennale, organizza una Conferenza Internazionale con l’obiettivo di rendere possibile l’incontro tra Istituzioni, Organismi Pubblici, Università e stakeholders per lo sviluppo di una GIUSTIZIA MINORILE GLOBALE E SENZA FRONTIERE. Le precedenti conferenze internazionali OIJJ hanno affrontato le seguenti tematiche: “Giustizia Minorile e la prevenzione della delinquenza giovanile in un mondo globalizzato” – Salamanca (Spagna), 2004-, “Giustizia Minorile in Europa: un segno d’integrazione” -Bruxelles (Belgio), 2006-, “Sistemi di Giustizia Minorile in Europa: situazione attuale, tendenze dei modelli applicabili e buone pratiche” –Valencia (Spagna), 2008-.

L’OIJJ ha anni di esperienza nel settore, pertanto, rappresenta un punto di riferimento importante rispetto alle questioni ed alle problematiche che si pongono nel contesto internazionale negli interventi a favore di minori e giovani autori di reato che si trovano in situazione di disagio causato da disordine mentale e/o a abuso di droghe.

In tale contesto, all’interno del Programma DAPHNE III e del Programma Prevention and Fight against Crime, la Commissione Europea ha appoggiato l’OIJJ nello sviluppo di un progetto di analisi e comparazione in collaborazione con alcune Organizzazioni ed Istituzioni europee che condividono l’interesse e la preoccupazione per la situazione attuale dei giovani autori di reato con problemi mentali in Europa.

L’obiettivo finale di questo progetto, per i prossimi due anni, sarà lo sviluppo di buone pratiche ed una formazione adeguata dei professionisti che operano nell’ambito del processo evolutivo e psicologico del minore, tenendo conto delle sue esigenze personali, in una prospettiva integrata e mul-

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Presentazione. IV Conferenza Internazionale OIJJ

tidisciplinare tra sistema giustizia e sistema socio-sanitario.

La IV Conferenza Internazionale OIJJ diverrà pertanto uno spazio d’incontro per tutti gli esperti e gli operatori che lavorano nell’ambito della giustizia, della salute e dell’educazione che, a diversi livelli, sono interessati alla promozione di un effettivo approccio globale indirizzato allo sviluppo armonico dei minori e giovani autori di reato assuntori di sostanze o affetti da disturbo mentale.

La IV Conferenza Internazionale OIJJ si focalizzerà sull’importanza dell’integrazione sulla base di due assi tematici prioritari: 1. Disturbi mentali e consumo di droga: Analisi della situazione dei minorenni autori di reato 2. Sistemi di giustizia minorile e sanitari: una collaborazione necessaria, multidisciplinare ed integrata.

La Conferenza indagherà, nello specifico, quelli che sono i bisogni reali dei minori e dei giovani con disturbi mentali all’interno dei sistemi di giustizia minorile attraverso un approccio multilaterale, coordinato ed integrato, che prevede una stretta collaborazione tra i vari enti.

I. DISTURBI MENTALI E CONSUMO DI DROGA: ANALISI DELLA SITUAZIONE DEI MINORENNI AUTORI DI REATO • Studio sulla situazione dei minorenni che presentano disturbi mentali o disturbi legati al consumo di droga: fondamenti per l’intervento.

Obiettivo: analisi del profilo del minore autore di reato e del contesto psico-sociale.

Diversi rapporti e ricerche a livello internazionale concordano nell’attestare l’alta percentuale di minori e giovani inseriti nei sistemi penali minorili affetti da disturbo mentale o assuntori di sostanze.

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sia da parte dei sistemi di giustizia minorile che dai servizi sanitari e potrà fornire delle indicazioni utili per future politiche di prevenzione e di intervento secondo il principio cardine dell’interesse superiore del minore.

• La risposta dei sistemi di giustizia minorile ai reati commessi da minorenni e giovani che soffrono di disturbi mentali Obiettivo: definire gli interventi integrati per i minori autori di reato con disturbi mentali.

La situazione particolare dei minori e dei giovani autori di reato affetti da disturbo mentale rende necessario conoscere quali sono le risposte che vengono date dai sistemi di giustizia minorile nel quadro internazionale.

L’analisi delle politiche adottate in questo ambito e la loro correlazione con i servizi della sanità, permetterà di conoscere quali sono le risposte attivate ed implementate nei diversi Paesi.

In questo senso, è necessario porsi le seguenti domande: Quali sono i metodi adottati nella collaborazione tra i servizi sanitari e di giustizia? Quali provvedimenti specifici si adattano meglio al contesto del minore?

• Delinquenza minorile legata al consumo di droga: profilo dei minorenni autori di reato ed analisi delle risorse impiegate per il loro reinserimento sociale.

Obiettivo: definire gli interventi integrati per i minori inseriti nel circuito penale minorile assuntori di sostanze stupefacenti.

Lo studio della relazione esistente tra delinquenza minorile e consumo di droghe, rende necessaria un’analisi del profilo di questi minori e del contesto sociale e familiare di appartenenza.

Con questo laboratorio, si aspira a conoscere queste realtá attraverso un’analisi comparata in grado di analizzare le circostanze sociali, familiari e personali di questi minori.

Si fará riferimento ai reati maggiormente commessi da questi minori ed alle risposte specifiche messe in atto per far fronte al fenomeno da parte dei diversi sistemi di giustizia minorile, secondo una prospettiva internazionale.

L’approfondimento del contesto psico-sociale, consentirà inoltre di individuare le risposte attivate a favore degli stessi,

I punti principali che verranno affrontati sono i seguenti: Che tipo di metodi sanzionatori e/o terapeutici applicano i siste-

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mi di giustizia minorile nei confronti del minore autore di reato che fa uso/abuso di sostanze stupefacenti? Che ruolo rivestono i sistemi di giustizia minorile nei processi di trattamento e re-inclusione del minore assuntore inserito nei circuiti penali minorili? Che tipo di risorse, strumenti e metodologie vengono utilizzate?

II. SISTEMI DI GIUSTIZIA MINORILE E SANITARI: UNA COLLABORAZIONE NECESSARIA, MULTIDISCIPLINARE ED INTEGRATA. • Disturbi mentali, consumo di droghe e giustizia minorile: aspetti etici, deontologici e buone pratiche.

Obiettivo: implementare e coordinare la comunicazione intersettoriale.

Rispetto ai minori autori di reato che soffrono di disturbi mentali o fanno uso di sostanze stupefacenti può verificarsi una situazione paradossale: il sistema di giustizia minorile li considera come responsabili e il sistema sanitario li riconosce come vittime dei loro stessi disturbi mentali.

Questa doppia circostanza può generare alcuni interrogativi etici e deontologici, come ad esempio: Quali ripercussioni può avere il dovere del segreto professionale nella relazione tra i due sistemi? Come aumentare il coordinamento e la cooperazione tra i due servizi in modo da assicurare la tutela dell’interesse superiore del minore? Come mettere in moto un provvedimento che ripristini la mediazione tra il minore autore di reato e la vittima?

sanità per il trattamento di questi minori? In che modo si promuovono gli assetti specializzati e adattati a tale fine? Quali le caratteristiche di una efficace collaborazione tra i servizi?

Come si garantisce un intervento specializzato e la professionalizzazione di queste risorse?

• Incoraggiare le politiche e la regolamentazione: interfaccia tra sistemi.

Obiettivo: stimolare e stabilire dei punti comuni tra i diversi sistemi.

In attesa di norme e direttive internazionali in materia di giustizia minorile, risulta fondamentale la promozione e lo sviluppo di politiche e programmi volti a rinforzare la collaborazione ed il coordinamento tra tutti i professionisti che lavorano quotidianamente con i minori e i giovani inseriti nei circuiti penali minorili.

Date le caratteristiche e le circostanze specifiche, tale processo di coordinamento va rafforzato specialmente nei casi di intervento con minori autori di reato assuntori di sostanze o affetti da disturbo mentale. È necessario fornire ai professionisti della sanità e del sistema di giustizia minorile una struttura comune che permetta di identificare e riconoscere le caratteristiche specifiche (sanitarie, fisiche, personali, sociali, culturali, socio-economiche, etc) di questi giovani e la tipologia di intervento più efficace per affrontare la loro situazione e favorire la loro integrazione sociale.

• La relazione tra i sistemi di giustizia minorile e i servizi sanitari: necessità di implementare gli assetti specifici.

Obiettivo: sviluppo degli strumenti comuni d’intervento.

Una risposta individualizzata per i minori e i giovani autori di reato affetti da disturbo mentale o assuntori di sostanze stupefacenti richiede necessariamente l’attivazione di un processo di coordinamento tra tutti gli enti e gli organismi coinvolti, in particolare tra i servizi sanitari/terapeutici e quelli appartenenti alla giustizia minorile.

In questo senso c’è da chiedersi: Quale livello di cooperazione esiste tra tutti i professionisti della giustizia minorile e della

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INFORMAZIONI PRATICHE Sito della Conferenza Auditorium del Massimo Via Massimiliano Massimo, 1, 00144 Roma - Italia Telefono: + 39 06-54602857 auditorium@auditorium.it

Registrazione e Informazioni Durante la celebrazione della conferenza gli organizzatori e lo staff saranno a disposizione per qualsiasi informazione.

La quota di iscrizione include • Materiale della conferenza.

• Coffee break del 9 e 10.

• Colazioni del 9 e 10.

• Cocktail di Benvenuto la sera del 9.

Cocktail di Benvenuto Il giorno 9 alle 19.00 si terrá il Cocktail di Benvenuto e la cerimonia di consegna del Premio Internazionale “Giustizia Minorile senza Frontiere” al Marriot Grand Hotel Flora.

Indirizzo: Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Via Vittorio Veneto, 191 Roma, 00187 Italia

Azienda Di Promozione Turistica Di Roma Via Parigi, 11 - 00185 Roma Tel. +39 06488991 Fax +39 064819316 Sito turistico officiale della città di Roma: www.turismoroma.it turismo@comune.roma.it

I Punti Informativi Turistici (P.I.T.) sono i centri di accoglienza dei turisti italiani e stranieri che visitano la città di Roma.

Il personale multilingue nei pit distribuisce al pubblico materiale promozionale ed informativo di interesse turistico e culturale fornito ed autorizzato dal Comune di Roma - Ufficio per le Politiche e la Promozione Internazionale del Turismo e Sovraintendenza Comunale. I P.I.T., aperti 365 giorni l’anno dal lunedì alla domenica, sono presenti in tutta la città storica e nei principali terminals del traffico turistico romano.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “G.B.Pastine Ciampino” Arrivi Internazionali Area Ritiro Bagagli - Punto Informativo Turistico “Fiumicino” Aeroporto Internazionale “Leonardo Da Vinci”- Arrivi Internazionali - Terminal B - C .

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Ostia Lido” Lungomare Paolo Toscanelli angolo Piazza Anco Marzio.

- Punto informativo Turistico “Castel Sant’Angelo” Piazza Pia. - Punto Informativo Turistico “ Minghetti” Via Marco Minghetti.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Navona” Piazza delle Cinque Lune.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Nazionale” Via Nazionale- nei pressi del Palazzo delle Esposizioni.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Santa Maria Maggiore” Via dell’Olmata.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Sonnino” Piazza Sidney Sonnino - Punto Informativo Turistico “Termini” Via Giovanni Giolitti, 34. Interno edificio F - binario 24

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Numeri Telefonici Di Interesse Aereoporti

Emergenze

Aeroporto Di Fiumicino 06-65953640

Polizia 113

Aeroporto Di Ciampino 06-794941

Policía Municipale 06-67691

Trasporti

Emergenza Sanitaria 118

Atac Trasporti Di Roma 06-64695444

Blocco Carte Di Credito

Metro E Bus 800-431784

American Express 06-72900347

Informazioni Relative Ai Treni 147-888088

Diners Club 800-864064

Pronto Taxi 06-6645

Mastercard 800-870866

Radio Taxi 06-3570

Visa 800-819014

Servizi Comune Di Roma 06-67104640 Auditorium Del Massimo 06-54602857 Oggetti Smarriti Aeropuerto Fiumicino 06-65953343 Oggetti Smarriti Aeropuerto Ciampino 06-79494230 Oggetti Smarriti Estación Termini 06-47306682

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Informazioni Pratiche

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della repubblica romana e dell’impero romano, la più grande influenza politica e culturale nella zona mediterranea per quattrocento anni, dal I secolo AC fino al IV secolo DC. A partire dal II secolo DC, Roma è la sede del papato e dopo la fine della dominazione bizantina nel VIII secolo, si convertì nella capitale dello Stato Pontificio, che perdurò fino al 1870. Nel 1871, Roma fu designata capitale del Regno d’Italia e nel 1946, della Repubblica Italiana. Nello stesso tempo, dal 1929, è sede della Città del Vaticano – una città stato indipendente e governata dal Papa.

Roma Capitale d’Italia, sede della Chiesa Cattolica e culla della civiltà che ha dominato l’Europa per secoli, fu fondata tra i sette colli ed il fiume Tevere circa 2700 anni fa. Nella sua incredibile storia, Roma esercitò una grande influenza nell’architettura, nell’arte, nella politica, letteratura, diritto, filosofia e religione.

Al giorno d’oggi, è una città moderna in cui abitano tre milioni di persone, e una delle destinazioni preferite dei turisti che si recano in Italia. Roma è conosciuta per i suoi numerosi monumenti e musei, senza dimenticare il Colosseo, e ospita la Città del Vaticano. Centro nevralgico del Rinascimento, conta numerosi palazzi, piazze e edifici pubblici grandiosi, ma anche sculture, fontane, mosaici e affreschi realizzati dai migliori artisti che passarono per le sue strade. Grazie al suo straordinario contributo nel campo della gastronomia, del cinema, della moda, dello sport e dell’intrattenimento, la Città Eterna ha sempre qualcosa da offrire ai suoi visitatori.

Roma è la capitale della Repubblica Italiana, della regione e della provincia del Lazio, ed è anche la città più grande d’Italia.

Roma è situata a circa venti chilometri dal mar Tirreno in una zona montuosa della campagna, vicino al fiume Tevere, che è il terzo fiume d’Italia per grandezza dopo il Po e l’Adige.

La sua storia e la straordinaria ricchezza del suo patrimonio artistico fanno di Roma una destinazione importante per i viaggiatori e i turisti con i più disparati stili di vita : pellegrini, devoti o semplici curiosi.

Fulcro della civiltà occidentale e cuore del cristianesimo, Roma è conosciuta come la “città eterna”, “caput mundi” e “urbe” che in effetti significa La Città e perciò la identifica come la città per eccellenza. Fu capitale del regno romano,

Il Colosseo Costruito tra gli anni 70 e 80 DC, il Colosseo è uno dei simboli di Roma più conosciuti a livello internazionale. Il suo nome deriva da una statua, il Colosso di Nerone, che era ubicata vicino al monumento.

Il Colosseo, che in principio era stato destinato a sostituire gli eccessi della poco popolare Domus Aurea (o Casa Dorata) edificata per ordine di Nerone, fu costruito sotto l’impero di Vespasiano e inaugurato dopo la sua morte nell’anno 79 DC da suo figlio Tito. Più di cinquanta mila spettatori furono testimoni delle grandi lotte dei gladiatori, della loro morte e violenza. Il pubblico accedeva attraverso archi numerati i cui numeri romani situati sulla parte superiore delle entrate sono ancora visibili oggi in alcuni di questi. Il Colosseo é molto conosciuto grazie alle gare mortali tra i migliori gladiatori di Roma, rappresentati principalmente da schiavi, criminali e prigionieri di guerra.

Dopo essere caduto in disuso, il Colosseo restò abbandonato e venne usato come castello privato o come sede di una congregazione religiosa. Gran parte delle pietre che lo formavano furono usate per la costruzione di altri edifici.

Il Colosseo dovette anche resistere nell’anno 851 ad un devastante terremoto di proporzioni catastrofiche.

Ancora oggi, milioni di turisti visitano il Colosseo per osservare uno degli esempi più raffinati dell’architettura romana, come per immaginare l’Antica Roma nel suo antico splendore.

I Fori Imperiali I fori imperiali occupano un ampio spazio di una zona archeologica situata tra il monte Capitolino ed il Colosseo. Sebbene la maggioranza degli edifici siano rovine, è necessario solo un pizzico di immaginazione per poterli apprezzare pienamente.

I fori imperiali, costruiti tra gli anni 46AC e 113DC sono formati da una serie di piazze pubbliche circondate da maestosi edifi-

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ci. Molti imperatori costruirono i loro fori, non solo per ragioni pratiche ma anche per acquisire prestigio destinando denaro a progetti di carattere pubblico.

Per vari decenni, i fori furono il cuore della città e importanti personaggi pubblici si riunivano nei fori per dibattere della situazione economica o per esporre le loro idee politiche o le proprie opinioni su qualsiasi argomento di attualità dell’epoca. Analogamente, si discuteva anche di religione, dell’amministrazione, dell’educazione e delle attività commerciali.

Il Panteon La parola “panteon” significa “tutti gli dei”, l’edificio fu pensato come un tempio per dodici tra gli dei romani più importanti. Il Panteon fu costruito intorno all’anno 125DC sotto l’impero di Adriano sostituendo l’edificio precedente costruito da Agrippa (il suo nome si puó ancora leggere nel portico).

Questa prodezza dell’ingegneria deve la sua longevità al fatto che fu costruita per la chiesa cristiana nell’anno 906 dopo essere stata presentata al Papa. I pannelli del portico, così come quelli del tetto, entrambi realizzati in bronzo, furono requisiti dall’imperatore Costantino II e dal Papa Urbano VIII ed utilizzati da quest’ultimo per la Cattedrale di San Pietro, a differenza di altri imperatori e papi che mantennero l’edificio in buone condizioni adeguando il suo status religioso. Qualche secolo più tardi, il Panteon venne trasformato in un sepolcro per artisti e re, tra i quali ricordiamo Raffaello e Vittorio Emanuele II, primo re dall’unità d’Italia.

L’armonia all’interno del Panteon si deve in gran parte alle sue proporzioni perfette, infatti il diametro della cupola é uguale all’altezza da terra, creando in questo modo una sfera perfetta.

L’oculo, di 9 metri di diametro, permette l’entrata della luce solare per cui é facile immaginare la relazione spirituale che lo lega al cielo. Quando piove, l’acqua che entra attraverso il foro viene raccolta attraverso un sistema di scolo che si trova sul pavimento.

Piazza di Spagna Questo é probabilmente uno tra i luoghi più belli e spettacolari che è rimasto dal periodo barocco. Questa monumentale scalinata, costruita nel 1723, deve il suo nome al vicino edificio che ospita l’ambasciata spagnola, che attualmente è stata convertita in rappresentanza presso la Santa Sede. Francesco De Sanctis la costruì per ordine di Papa Innocenzo XIII e du-

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rante la primavera gli enormi vasi di azalee posti ai lati della gradinata creano uno scenario incredibile.

Una volta all’anno, d’estate, piazza di Spagna é la cornice di una famosa sfilata di modelle, e le case di moda più prestigiose come per esempio Prada, Valentino e Gucci hanno i loro negozi intorno alla piazza, il che ne fa un punto di partenza ideale per lo shopping a Roma.

Campo dei Fiori La piazza di “Campo dei Fiori” è conosciuta a Roma per essere il luogo in cui il filosofo Giordano Bruno, accusato di eresia dall’Inquisizione, fu bruciato al rogo il 17 febbraio del 1600.

Una statua fu costruita nel 1889 dallo scultore Ettore Ferrari dietro suggerimento del poeta Pietro Cossa, e fu situata nel centro di Campo dei Fiori per ricordare l’esecuzione. Il nome della piazza, che si dice sia dovuto al fatto che un’amante dell’imperatore, Flora, vivesse in quella zona, sembra invece più verosimilmente da attribuirsi all’aspetto di totale abbandono in cui si trovò la piazza durante il XV secolo, come un campo fiorito.

Attualmente Campo dei Fiori, al di là di essere una delle classiche mete turistiche, è una delle piazze in cui si ritrova il vero sapore romano che si rivela sin dalle prime ore del mattino con il suo mercato all’aperto e prosegue sino a tarda sera con i suoi bar, locali e trattorie.

Piazza Navona Piazza Navona, che fu costruita esattamente sopra lo stadio di Domiziano (86AC), oggi è una piazza pedonale con tre fontane barocche e, posta al centro, la fontana dei quattro fiumi del Bernini. É una piazza molto vivace, con ristoranti eleganti, gelaterie e bar, in cui spesso si organizzano concerti e spettacoli.

La Fontana di Trevi Fontana di Trevi è uno dei luoghi più famosi di Roma anche grazie al film “La Dolce Vita” di Federico Fellini poiché fu proprio qui che Anita Ekberg fece il bagno.

Fontana di Trevi viene visitata ogni giorno da migliaia di persone, la tradizione vuole che i turisti gettino una monetina nell’acqua esprimendo un desiderio. Per questo motivo, la fontana riceve ogni anno un’enorme quantità di denaro che, per la maggior parte, viene destinato ad opere di carità. Nel 1730, il papa Clemente XII decise di sostituire la fontana esis-

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tente, progettata nel 1453, con una decisamente più maestosa e perciò chiese ai migliori artisti romani dell’epoca di collaborare al progetto. Il risultato fu una fontana di una bellezza innegabile. La parte centrale, scolpita nel marmo, é un’enorme carrozza a forma di conchiglia trainata da due cavalli marini a loro volta domati da due tritoni. Da questa emerge una magnifica statua rappresentante l’oceano. Ogni mattina, si chiude l’acqua e si procede alla pulitura. La leggenda dice che se una persona getta una moneta nella fontana tornerà a Roma.

Castel Sant’Angelo Castel Sant’Angelo è situato sulle rive del Tevere, in pieno centro di Roma, vicino al Vaticano.

In origine, l’edificio fu costruito per l’imperatore Adriano tra gli anni 123 e 139 DC affinché fosse il suo mausoleo. Come il mausoleo di Augusto, la tomba cilindrica sarebbe stata ricoperta di statue ricordando così l’imperatore e la sua dinastia. È possibile salire a piedi al suo interno attraverso il passaggio a spirale che era destinato all’ascensione del corteo funebre.

150 anni dopo, la tomba fu inclusa tra le Mura Aureliane, da allora l’importanza difensiva del monumento impose numerose modifiche di tipo militare. Dopo il medioevo, Castel Sant’Angelo passò tra le mani di diverse famiglie romane finché la fortezza non fu acquisita dal papato nel 1377. Un corridoio fortificato, chiamato il Passetto di Borgo, che unisce tuttora il Castello con il Vaticano, era la via di fuga del Papa in caso di emergenza. Attualmente i visitatori possono seguire un percorso per ritrovare le diverse fasi del monumento: il passaggio funerario di Adriano, le merlature difensive e i meravigliosi affreschi al suo interno.

In estate, non è raro che si organizzino degli eventi speciali a tarda sera, dalle dimostrazioni di guerra medievale a spettacoli folkloristici, così come feste nelle terrazze dei bar.

Città del Vaticano Città del Vaticano è lo Stato più piccolo al mondo e ospita la residenza papale. I Patti Lateranensi del 1929, che dichiaravano il Vaticano come uno stato sovrano all’interno dello Stato Italiano, furono rinforzati dalla costruzione della via della Conciliazione, che unisce la basilica di San Pietro con Castel

Vaticano possiede un proprio sistema amministrativo e giuridico, poste, banche, giornali, stazioni radio, supermercati e stazioni ferroviarie.

Basilica di San Pietro La più grande basilica cristiana del mondo fu costruita nel luogo in cui si credeva fosse la tomba di San Pietro, in pieno centro di Città del Vaticano. Questa supposizione risale al II secolo DC e nel 1950 il Papa Pio XII annunciò che la tomba di San Pietro era stata ritrovata. Alcuni resti umani furono recuperati dalla tomba, tuttavia, solamente diciotto anni dopo, nel 1968, fu confermato che si trattava dei resti di San Pietro.

La basilica risale al XVI secolo e sostituisce una vecchia chiesa costruita per ordine dell’imperatore Costantino nel IV secolo.

I suoi incredibili interni posseggono alcune statue importanti tra cui La Pietà di Michelangelo. Nella navata centrale si trova la statua di bronzo di San Pietro, creata da Arnolfo di Cambio, il cui piede è rovinato per i continui baci e carezze dei pellegrini.

Esistono regole molto severe per l’abbigliamento, e viene negato l’accesso a tutti coloro indossano pantaloni corti, hanno le spalle scoperte o gonne corte.

Musei Vaticani La collezione d’arte esposta nei musei Vaticani riunisce opere acquisite negli ultimi 500 anni. La prima tra queste è la statua di Laocoonte e i suoi figli, che fu acquistata dal papa Giulio II nel 1506, dopo che era stata dissotterrata da un vigneto di Roma. Da allora la collezione è aumentata considerevolmente, una visita a tale patrimonio artistico è doverosa se ci si trova a Roma.

I musei Vaticani sono composti da un gruppo di palazzi che ospitano alcune delle collezioni d’arte tra le più importanti del mondo. Esistono numerose esposizioni tra cui quella del museo Gregoriano Etrusco, le stanze di Raffaello e Loggia, il museo Gregoriano Egizio e la famosissima Cappella Sistina, che può essere definita la parte principale di tutto il complesso dei Musei Vaticani. I Musei Vaticani fanno parte del Palazzo Vaticano, la residenza ufficiale del Papa, dal 1377. Affreschi, cappelle, circa 1400 stanze, numerose gallerie e 8 chilometri (5 miglia) di esposizioni, fanno di questo luogo uno dei posti prediletti da tutti i turisti in visita nella Capitale.

Sant’Angelo.

Situata vicino alla sponda destra del fiume Tevere, Città del

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ES

PRESENTACIÓN.

OBSERVATORIO INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTICIA JUVENIL SU OBJETIVO ES CREAR UN SERVICIO INTERNACIONAL PERMANENTE QUE SIRVA DE LUGAR DE ENCUENTRO, ESTUDIO Y REFLEXIÓN PARA LOS PROFESIONALES DE LA JUSTICIA JUVENIL EN EL MUNDO, ASÍ COMO PARA LAS ENTIDADES PREOCUPADAS POR LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS JÓVENES EN RIESGO DE EXCLUSIÓN SOCIAL Y DE RECLUSIÓN. Principios El OIJJ se ha comprometido a llevar a cabo sus actividades tras la promoción de los principales textos internacionales tales como la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, Directrices de las Naciones Unidas para la prevención de la delincuencia juvenil (Directrices de Riad), Reglas mínimas de las Naciones Unidas para la administración de la justicia de menores (Reglas de Beijing) y Reglas mínimas de las Naciones Unidas sobre las medidas no privativas de la libertad (Reglas de Tokio), etc.

Actividades El trabajo que se realiza desde el OIJJ está basado en una visión internacional e interdisciplinar de la justicia juvenil, cuya finalidad es crear un porvenir para los menores a través de estrategias que estimulen el desarrollo internacional de políticas, legislaciones y métodos de intervención apropiados en el contexto de una JUSTICIA JUVENIL GLOBAL Y SIN FRONTERAS. En este marco, el Observatorio coordina investigaciones y estudios relativos a las diferentes problemáticas que surjan en el campo de la Justicia Juvenil.

Desde su creación en 2003, el OIJJ ha desarrollado una red internacional de más de 10.000 expertos, colaboradores y usuarios procedentes de más de 120 países. El OIJJ ofrece un servicio internacional permanente de referencia para el encuentro, trabajo y reflexión de los profesionales de la justicia juvenil. A través de su web, el OIJJ divulga información online a la sociedad civil, usuarios y colaboradores que tienen acceso a una amplia base de datos, actualizada diariamente, que contiene más de 27.000 documentos de todo tipo (prensa, eventos, informes, legislación, etc.) relacionados con la delincuencia juvenil y la justicia del menor.

Observatorios Continentales En su compromiso de acercarse lo más posible a la realidad local, el OIJJ ha creado una serie de Observatorios Continentales: el Observatorio Europeo, el Observatorio Africano y el Observatorio Latinoamericano de Justicia Juvenil. Estas ramas locales del OIJJ responden a la necesidad de asistir a los Estados desde la sociedad civil a la hora de poner en práctica y aplicar eficazmente las normas internacionales sobre la protección de los derechos del niño y de los jóvenes, con el fin de

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facilitar el estudio permanente y la mejora de los sistemas de justicia juvenil.

En este contexto, las actividades de abogacía y de consejo del OIJJ se destinan tanto a nivel de Naciones Unidas como las Instituciones Europeas e internacionales, siendo reconocido oficialmente por un número importante de organismos.

Además, con el fin de sensibilizar al público sobre temas relacionados con la justicia juvenil, el OIJJ desarrolla campañas de sensibilización, como la Campaña Internacional “Asistencia Legal para menores en conflicto con la ley” y la campaña “Dos décadas de Justicia Juvenil: avances desde la adopción de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos del Niño”.

Conferencias Internacionales Cada dos años, el OIJJ celebra sus Conferencias Internacionales en las cuales numerosos expertos de diferentes ámbitos, se reúnen para analizar los sistemas de justicia juvenil, los modelos de actuación y los programas de intervención aplicables en distintos países. Mediante el fomento de la creación y el seguimiento de estos grupos internacionales de justicia juvenil, el OIJJ tiene como meta contribuir en el avance y la mejora de políticas, favorecer el desarrollo de nuevos programas de intervención educativa y de investigaciones centradas en los menores en riesgo de exclusión social.

Escuela Internacional de Justicia Juvenil El Observatorio ha creado también la Escuela Internacional de Justicia Juvenil (EIJJ) como espacio de formación e investigación de ámbito internacional que tiene como fines prioritarios fortalecer la generación y difusión de conocimiento y el desarrollo de acciones formativas en las distintas áreas relacionadas con la justicia juvenil.

La Escuela Internacional de Justicia Juvenil es también un espacio facilitador del encuentro, la colaboración y el trabajo en red de todos aquellos profesionales, investigadores, docentes, agentes y organismos públicos y privados que actúan en el ámbito de la justicia juvenil. Sus principales líneas de acción atienden a aquellas cuestiones más relevantes que se plantean en materia de prevención, intervención educativa, marco jurídico, protección de menores, inserción social, etc.

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PALABRAS DE BIENVENIDA Dr. Francisco Legaz.

Presidente.

Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil Bélgica.

Desde que tuviera lugar la última Conferencia Internacional del Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil (OIJJ), celebrada en Valencia (España) en 2008, este Observatorio ha continuado trabajando conforme a su compromiso a favor de la defensa de los derechos y la integración de los niños, niñas y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley. En este sentido, el OIJJ ha venido desarrollando su actividad atendiendo a cuatro ejes fundamentales de acción: sensibilización, formación, colaboración en red e investigación. a) Así, en el ámbito de la sensibilización y en el marco del XX aniversario de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos del Niño, el pasado año 2009 el OIJJ lanzó la campaña internacional “Dos décadas de Justicia Juvenil: avances desde la adopción de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño”, en la que tuvo el honor de contar con la participación de importantes personalidades y expertos internacionales en la materia. Igualmente, haciéndose eco de las prioridades establecidas por la Agenda Social de la Unión Europea, y dentro del Año Europeo 2010 de Lucha contra la Pobreza y la Exclusión Social, el OIJJ ha promovido la campaña “2010. Caminos de integración de los menores en conflicto con la ley”. b) Siendo concientes de la relevancia de la formación especializada de los profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito de la justicia juvenil, el OIJJ continúa actuando en este sentido a través de la organización y participación en congresos, seminarios, jornadas, etc… y muy especialmente a través de la celebración bianual de la Conferencia Internacional OIJJ cuya IV edición se presenta en estas líneas y se celebra bajo el título: “Desarrollo de sistemas de justicia juvenil integradores: Enfoques y metodologías en trastornos mentales y abuso de drogas”. Asimismo el OIJJ ha constituido la Escuela Internacional de Justicia Juvenil (EIJJ) como espacio de formación. c) Atendiendo a otro de sus ejes de acción, la promoción de la colaboración y cooperación entre los diferentes actores relacionados con la justicia juvenil, el OIJJ ha continuado

fomentando el desarrollo de una amplia red de expertos, colaboradores y usuarios a nivel mundial procedentes principalmente del ámbito de las administraciones públicas, organizaciones internacionales, centros de formación y académicos y ONGs. A través de su página web, el OIJJ constituye un referente informativo a nivel internacional en materia de justicia juvenil, gracias a una base de datos que cuenta ya con más de 25.300 documentos en los tres idiomas oficiales OIJJ (inglés, francés y español). Próximamente estará disponible la nueva página web OIJJ, que con un nuevo formato, pretende adaptarse a las necesidades y comodidad de todos sus usuarios. d) En el área de investigación, el OIJJ participa y coordina diferentes proyectos de investigación a nivel europeo, destacando en el año 2009/10 el Estudio sobre Indicadores de Justicia Juvenil para Europa. Este estudio, promovido por el OIJJ, representa una herramienta comparativa y de referencia que se pretende sea aplicada como punto de partida para la evaluación y aplicación de los estándares internacionales en los sistemas de justicia juvenil europeos.

Me gustaría igualmente destacar que a lo largo del período 2008/10, y con el fin de promover la creación de espacios continentales de reflexión, desarrollo de iniciativas, establecimiento de códigos y estándares de buenas prácticas al servicio de la educación e integración de los menores y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, el OIJJ ha creado el Observatorio Europeo de Justicia Juvenil (OEJJ) con sede en Bruselas (Bélgica), así como el Observatorio Latinoamericano de Justicia Juvenil (OLJJ) y el Observatorio Africano de Justicia Juvenil (OAJJ), con sede en Panamá y Kenia, respectivamente.

En relación al OEJJ, ha de señalarse la constitución del Consejo Europeo de Justicia Juvenil como órgano central de trabajo y reflexión del OEJJ. A través del cual se formulan recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo y la evolución de la justicia juvenil en Europa mediante la promoción de acciones coordinadas entre los diferentes actores responsables

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Palabras de Bienvenida

en materia de legislación, ejecución, supervisión, investigación e intervención en el ámbito de la justicia de menores.

Forman parte de dicho Consejo expertos y profesionales procedentes del ámbito de las administraciones públicas estatales competentes en justicia juvenil, universidades y centros académicos y ONGs de cada uno de los Estados Miembros UE. Con el fin de dar a conocer los progresos alcanzados con respecto a la constitución del Consejo Europeo de Justicia Juvenil, el 11 de noviembre de 2010, en el marco de la IV Conferencia Internacional, tendrá lugar su II Encuentro. En esta reunión serán objeto de discusión algunos de los temas y preocupaciones más relevantes puestas de manifiesto por los participantes durante el I Encuentro de 2009. Las conclusiones alcanzadas fruto de esta colaboración serán presentadas a la Comisión Europea a través del desarrollo de tres Green Papers.

Tal y como señalaba al inicio, las acciones de formación e investigación constituyen una pieza clave de la razón de ser del Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil. Es aquí donde se encuadra la celebración bianual de la Conferencia Internacional OIJJ, de la cual estos días celebramos su IV edición bajo el título: “Desarrollo de sistemas de justicia juvenil integradores: Enfoques y metodologías en trastornos mentales y abuso de drogas”, y que tiene lugar gracias a la co-organización del Instituto Don Calabria. La Conferencia Internacional OIJJ reúne a expertos y profesionales procedentes de diferentes continentes con el fin de trabajar, debatir y estudiar desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar, los problemas y retos que en el ámbito de la justicia juvenil se plantean.

La I Conferencia Internacional tuvo lugar en el año 2004 en Salamanca (España) bajo el título “Justicia Juvenil y la Prevención de la Delincuencia en un mundo globalizado”, siendo “La Justicia Juvenil en Europa: un marco para la integración” la temática central de la II Conferencia Internacional (Bruselas, 2006). En 2008 se celebró en Valencia (España) la III Conferencia Internacional abordándose el análisis de los “Sistemas de Justicia Juvenil en Europa: Situación actual, tendencias de modelos aplicables y buenas prácticas”.

En la presente edición, la Conferencia Internacional toma como eje central la necesidad de articular programas

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y recursos que permitan la intervención eficaz con menores y jóvenes que presentan problemas de salud mental y/o consumo de sustancias tóxicas y que a su vez se encuentran en riesgo y/o en conflicto con la ley.

Se considera así imprescindible el desarrollo y la promoción de sistemas de evaluación fiables y objetivos, que fomenten la consolidación de sistemas de justicia juvenil integradores y proporcionen una estrecha coordinación entre los sistemas de justicia, de salud y de servicios sociales.

Esta Conferencia Internacional quiere ser un espacio de encuentro multidisciplinar entre las diferentes áreas relacionadas (jurídica, social, sanitaria, terapéutica, pedagógica, etc…) con el fin de reflexionar y debatir sobre los distintos factores que deben ser analizados desde una perspectiva social, familiar, fisiológica, etc. Igualmente se tiene como objetivo fundamental el estudiar las diferentes fórmulas de tratamiento de estos menores y jóvenes desde los recursos disponibles en los sistemas de justicia juvenil, de salud, servicios sociales, etc… debiendo tomar, en todo caso, el interés superior del menor como referente necesario en el tratamiento integral de estos menores.

La pertinencia en el estudio de esta temática se manifiesta en las conclusiones y resultados de investigaciones llevadas a cabo a nivel internacional y que coinciden en destacar el alto porcentaje de menores y jóvenes infractores que padecen algún trastorno mental o alguna adicción a sustancias tóxicas. De esta forma, los sistemas de justicia juvenil deben dar una respuesta acorde a las propias circunstancias personales del menor con el fin de contribuir a su efectiva integración social. El empleo de métodos y herramientas de diagnosis, detección y de evaluación deben de ser considerados muy relevantes en el proceso de intervención con estos menores. Igualmente, el tratamiento eficaz de estos menores requiere los servicios de los diferentes sistemas implicados que están llamados a trabajar en estrecha colaboración y desde una perspectiva multiagency.

Quisiera también señalar que en el seno de la IV Conferencia Internacional, el OIJJ compartirá con los asistentes y participantes los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora en la ejecución del proyecto de investigación “Análisis Comparado Europeo y la Transferencia de Conocimiento sobre Recursos de Salud Mental para Jóvenes Infractores”, coordinado por el OIJJ en el marco del Programa DAPHNE

EN IT ES FR

III de la Comisión Europea. El proyecto tiene como objetivo último el desarrollo de buenas prácticas y de programas de formación adaptados a las necesidades de los profesionales y de los menores, desde una perspectiva integradora y multidisciplinar de los sistemas de la justicia y de la salud.

derechos de la infancia y a favor de sistemas de justicia juvenil que promueven el desarrollo integral de los niños, niñas y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley.

Muchas gracias a todos.

De igual modo, se expondrán los resultados finales obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación “Drug related and juvenile crime - DREJC”, financiado por la Comisión Europea y coordinado por la organización italiana Instituto Don Calabria, y en el que también participa este Observatorio, cuyo objetivo es estimular, promover y desarrollar métodos multidisciplinares para prevenir estratégicamente la delincuencia juvenil vinculada al uso y consumo de las drogas.

Estoy convencido de que los resultados de estos dos proyectos de investigación, los contenidos de las sesiones plenarias y workshops, junto a la extensa experiencia de los participantes servirán de base para trabajar conjuntamente durante estos dos días bajo un objetivo: analizar en profundidad cómo se puede dar una respuesta eficaz a las necesidades de los menores y jóvenes con problemas de salud mental o de abuso de drogas desde el sistema de justicia juvenil a través de una acción coordinada e integrada, identificando la manera de garantizar una cooperación exitosa para asegurar su reintegración social y profesional.

Las conclusiones y resultados obtenidos a lo largo de la Conferencia Internacional serán sin duda muy valiosos a la hora de mejorar nuestra dedicación profesional con los niños, niñas y jóvenes para que sean adultos libres y responsable y enfoquen su futuro con alegría y esperanza. Estas conclusiones se plasmarán en una Declaración Conjunta con el fin de ser el medio a través del cual presentarse ante las instituciones europeas e internacionales para la promoción de respuestas políticas, legislativas, sanitarias y médicas, sociales, etc…acordes a las necesidades de intervención con estos menores.

Finalmente, quisiera destacar la creación por el Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil del Premio Internacional: Justicia Juvenil sin Fronteras, a través del cual el Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil quiere reconocer la labor de instituciones, expertos y personalidades que manifiestan un compromiso firme en la defensa de los

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Hon. Abogado. Angelino Alfano Ministro de Justicia Ministerio de Justicia Italia

Me gustaría que la IV Conferencia Internacional de Justicia Juvenil pueda contribuir a la aplicación de conocimientos y experiencias positivas en las intervenciones dirigidas a delincuentes adolescentes y jóvenes, a quienes debemos conceder, respetando los valores constitucionales y la dignidad humana, la oportunidad de rehabilitarse.

Considero que la posibilidad de la integración en la labor de las instituciones y de habilidades específicas es el elemento clave para contribuir a la mejora de los programas de rehabilitación y al desarrollo de las estrategias identificadas por la Unión Europea para implementar un modelo operativo funcional y eficaz con el fin de proponer medios específicos de reinserción.

Espero que el debate internacional organizado en las sesiones de la Conferencia pueda indicar las vías y pautas que permitan combinar los requisitos obligatorios de la legalidad y la seguridad con la responsabilidad de cada país de poner en marcha los recursos y oportunidades reales para los menores y jóvenes sujetos a medidas legales.

Dr. Bruno Brattoli

Jefe del Departamento de Justicia Juvenil Ministerio de Justicia Italia

Deseo saludar y dar una cordial bienvenida a nuestra ciudad a todos los participantes ilustres de este prestigioso programa en nombre del Departamento de Justicia Juvenil que tengo el honor de dirigir.

Como representante de las instituciones me gustaría, en primer lugar, dar las gracias al Observatorio Internacional, su presidente Francisco Legaz y el director Cédric Foussard por la elección de Italia y Roma como sede de la IV Conferencia Internacional sobre Justicia Juvenil. Lo considero un signo de interés y reconocimiento internacional, además de hacia nuestra hermosa capital, hacia nuestra estructura del sistema de justicia juvenil en el que el Estado y el sector privado social cooperan en una sinergia virtuosa y, en mi opinión, sólo a través de este enfoque, es posible abordar y resolver los enormes problemas vinculados con el universo de los menores que entran en el sistema de justicia.

Además, agradezco a la Conferencia por centrarse en el tema específico de la salud mental y física de los menores infractores. Los trastornos mentales y el abuso de drogas son en realidad, a menudo, los factores que provocan que los menores y los jóvenes adultos entren en el círculo criminal. Por lo tanto, el desafio de prevenir y rehabilitar a estos grupos de menores particularmente vulnerables debe llevarse a cabo por nuestras sociedades avanzadas. En Italia, por ejemplo, la medicina penitenciaria ha sido recientemente reformada con el fin de mejorar su eficiencia y por lo tanto es de suma importancia para nosotros compartir conocimientos y comprender la experiencia de otros en este campo. Por esta razón, durante estos dos días, la contribución de expertos de renombre, representantes de instituciones internacionales y operadores del tercer sector que asistirán a esta Conferencia será fundamental para la difusión y el intercambio de buena praxis.

Espero que el contenido de las ponencias y talleres que tendrán lugar durante este foro internacional pueda estimular la cooperación y el intercambio entre los diversos sistemas con el fin de aumentar su eficiencia y promover la innovación. ¡Disfruten de un trabajo productivo!

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EN IT ES FR

EDITORIAL Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel

Jefe del Departamento de Criminología.

Facultad de Derecho y Economía.

Rector de la Universidad Ernst-Moritz-Arndt de Greifswald. Alemania.

JÓVENES CON TRASTORNOS MENTALES Y ABUSO DE DROGAS – UN GRUPO DE INFRACTORES GENERALMENTE IGNORADO EN LOS SISTEMAS EUROPEOS DE JUSTICIA JUVENIL Los problemas de los trastornos mentales y el abuso de drogas se ignoran a menudo o al menos se subestiman en los sistemas europeos de justicia juvenil. En cuanto a los infractores con trastornos mentales a menudo no sabemos los índices de prevalencia exactos. Si miramos a la población en establecimientos cerrados, está claro que la mayoría padece de trastornos mentales que a veces podrían ser evaluados como enfermedad mental. Estudios recientes en Alemania mostraron que la población en prisiones juveniles es comparable con las instituciones psiquiátricas para jóvenes si consideramos los problemas psicológicos y los trastornos mentales. Además, desconocemos las cifras exactas de estos jóvenes infractores enviados a hospitales o instituciones psiquiátricos en vez de tener responsabilidad penal. El Consejo de Europa en su preparación de las Reglas europeas para infractores juveniles sometidos a sanciones o medidas, Rec. (2008) 11, intentó encontrar pruebas empíricas sobre la cantidad de jóvenes detenidos en hospitales psiquiátricos. El resultado fue un desastre absoluto. Solo cuatro de 34 Estados Miembros del Consejo de Europa que contestaron, fueron capaces de dar cifras concretas de jóvenes en tales instituciones en un día puntual.

Los principios de los derechos humanos deberían ser los mismos en el bienestar, la justicia (preliminar y infractores sentenciados) e instituciones psiquiátricas juveniles. Por eso el enfoque general de la Recomendación del Consejo de Europa (2008)11 de considerar a todos los infractores juveniles en varias instituciones en un enfoque holístico, merece

pleno consentimiento. Las Reglas respetan el principio de formular cuantas más reglas generales posibles que sean relevantes en todas las instituciones diferentes y de restringir las reglas específicas al mínimo necesario. Siguiendo la línea de este enfoque, la Parte General de las Reglas relacionadas con la privación de libertad contiene 145 reglas (Reglas 49.1 – 107.2), mientras que la Parte específica sobre instituciones psiquiátricas solo tiene tres reglas adicionales (reglas 117.-119.). El objetivo rehabilitador y los principios como establecer un plan general proporcionando una variedad de actividades significativas, actividades de régimen con intervenciones individualizadas, contactos con el mundo fuera, la preparación para la puesta en libertad y la protección continua que incluye tratamiento posterior llevado a cabo por servicios que ya tendrían que estar implicados durante el tratamiento institucional, son válidos en instituciones cerradas (como la prisión) y de bienestar y también en instituciones psiquiátricas o de salud mental.

Las reglas específicas para instituciones de salud mental son “el tratamiento para los problemas de salud mental… deberá determinarse exclusivamente sobre bases médicas” y “los estándares de seguridad y protección deberán estar determinados fundamentalmente sobre bases médicas” (Reglas 118. y 119.).

Ocurre regularmente que las distintas instituciones para infractores juveniles son gestionadas por autoridades diferentes: el sistema de justicia (los ministerios de justicia), el sistema de bienestar (ministerios de bienestar social) y el sistema de salud (instituciones psiquiátricas o de tratamiento de drogas) han construido su propia estructura organizativa y regulaciones legales, aunque las necesidades de los internos, pacientes o clientes son similares. Esta conferencia podría ser un punto de referencia para construir puentes y acercar estas diferentes autoridades e instituciones. Al buscar programas de tratamiento adecuados en cada caso, más flexibilidad entre estas instituciones es un requisito basado en la prueba. Prisioneros juveniles con problemas de salud mental necesitan tratamiento psiquiátrico o psicoterapéutico y es mejor que esto sea proporcionado por instituciones o servicios psiquiátricos especializados. Existen,

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sin embargo, casos de infractores juveniles serios en instituciones psiquiátricas quienes, después del tratamiento de los trastornos mentales, aun necesitan más tratamiento para las cogniciones y los comportamientos antisociales (lo que no se basan necesariamente en problemas psiquiátricos). Pueden ser tratados por programas específicos, por ejemplo los que han sido desarrollados en los llamados departamentos socio-terapéuticos del sistema de prisiones juveniles alemán.

Las instituciones de bienestar suelen tener regímenes mucho más abiertos y los aspectos de seguridad y protección tienen menos importancia.

En cuanto a las Reglas europeas de Prisión se puede decir que la vida en instituciones para jóvenes infractores con problemas específicos psicológicos y de salud mental “debería ser tan parecida como posible a los aspectos positivos de la vida en la comunidad.”

Otra Recomendación del Consejo de Europa merece nuestra atención. En su Recomendación “nuevas formas de tratamiento de la delincuencia juvenil y la función de la justicia de menores” del 2003, Rec (2003)20, dijo que para “tratar la delincuencia juvenil seria, violenta y persistente, los estados miembros deberían desarrollar un espectro más amplio de sanciones y medidas comunitarias más innovadoras y efectivas (pero sin dejar de ser proporcional). Deberían tratar directamente el comportamiento delictivo así como las necesidades del infractor” (Regla 8). Esta regla también se refiere a los infractores juveniles con trastornos psicológicos y problemas psiquiátricos. Las agencias de bienestar juvenil, libertad vigilada y los servicios de post-tratamiento llevan siendo confrontados desde hace mucho tiempo con jóvenes infractores difíciles y psicológicamente problemáticos y han aprendido a trabajar juntos eficazmente con los servicios sanitarios y otros programas en la comunidad. Este enfoque multi-agencia es reconocido por las Recomendaciones mencionadas anteriormente del Consejo de Europa.

Esta conferencia reunirá expertos y profesionales que trabajan in diferentes áreas de la justicia, bienestar y salud. El

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resultado podría ser una mejor comprensión de los numerosos, pero de algún modo problemas comunes de jóvenes infractores difíciles y desarrollar networking y sistemas rehabilitadores coherentes de tratamiento y protección en el mejor interés de los jóvenes y de la sociedad para prevenir reincidencia y victimización.

EN IT ES FR

INTRODUCCIÓN Prof. Dr. Thomas Grisso

Universidad Medical School de Massachusetts Estados Unidos

“DESARROLLO DE SISTEMAS DE JUSTICIA JUVENIL INTEGRADORES: ENFOQUES Y METODOLOGÍAS EN TRASTORNOS MENTALES Y ABUSO DE DROGAS” Cada vez hay más pruebas –de investigaciones científicas y profesionales de la justicia juvenil –de que muchos de los infractores juveniles en los sistemas de justicia juvenil en todo el mundo tienen síntomas de trastornos mentales y graves problemas de consumo de drogas. Una investigación fehaciente en varios países ha descubierto que de la mitad a dos tercios de los jóvenes que están en un centro de detención preventiva reúnen los criterios de uno o más trastornos mentales. Ya que esto es cada vez más evidente, los sistemas de justicia juvenil buscan orientación sobre cómo responder. En esta conferencia se tratarán tres preguntas generales sobre los trastornos mentales, el consumo de sustancias y los delincuentes juveniles: • ¿Cuál es la obligación de los sistemas de justicia juvenil a la hora de tratar a los jóvenes con trastornos de salud mental y abuso de drogas?

• ¿Qué tratamientos son posibles para abordar los trastornos de salud mental y el abuso de drogas entre los jóvenes?

• ¿Cuál es la capacidad del sistema de justicia juvenil para satisfacer esas necesidades?

La primera pregunta se refiere a nuestro compromiso con el bienestar de la juventud, y cómo vamos a traducir ese compromiso en políticas, obligaciones y pautas de práctica. Muchos países se encuentran ahora en el proceso de elaboración de políticas y normas que establezcan obligaciones del sistema de justicia juvenil para hacer frente a las necesidades de salud mental de los jóvenes cuando están

al cuidado del sistema. Debe prestarse especial atención a estas obligaciones. Los sistemas de justicia juvenil no son sistemas de salud mental, sin embargo, éstos deben aceptar ciertas responsabilidades. Por ejemplo, podría ser una obligación fundamental identificar las necesidades de salud mental de los jóvenes cuando entran en programas de justicia juvenil. Así, la detección y los métodos de evaluación serían un requisito básico. Las normas también deberían considerar si las obligaciones de trato deben centrarse en general en todos los jóvenes que cumplan los criterios de diagnóstico psiquiátrico, o si los recursos escasos de tratamiento deberían centrarse especialmente en los jóvenes con problemas de salud mental y consumo de sustancias más graves.

La segunda pregunta es en gran parte clínica. ¿De qué métodos disponemos para el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales y los problemas de consumo de sustancias entre los jóvenes? Por supuesto, la psiquiatría y la psicología infantil han desarrollado una serie significativa de intervenciones psicológicas, farmacológicas, familiares o sociales para responder a las necesidades de salud mental de los jóvenes. Pero la pregunta debe tratarse teniendo en cuenta dos consideraciones fundamentales. Una es la importancia de determinar si un tratamiento está “basado en las pruebas”. ¿Existe una prueba sólida, basada en la investigación de su efectividad? En caso contrario, su uso puede implicar una pérdida de recursos y la falta de hacer cualquier cosa de valor para la juventud. La segunda consideración se refiere al valor de los tratamientos de salud mental en el contexto de la justicia juvenil. Es posible que muchos métodos de tratamiento puedan llevarse a cabo, o no, en centros de menores seguros (cerrados). Otros pueden requerir especialistas médicos y psicológicos que el sistema de justicia juvenil no se puede permitir. Debemos contar con métodos clínicamente eficaces, pero también deben ser factibles para su aplicación en el entorno de la justicia juvenil.

La tercera pregunta, la capacidad del sistema de justicia juvenil, depende de la segunda. De hecho, es poco probable

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que nuestros sistemas de justicia juvenil sean alguna vez capaces de satisfacer todas las necesidades de todos los jóvenes que ingresan en los programas. El sistema de justicia juvenil debe trabajar y colaborar con las agencias de salud mental más extensas de nuestras comunidades. Muy a menudo se identifica a los jóvenes como “pertenecientes” al sistema de justicia juvenil o al sistema de salud mental de la comunidad, cuando sus infracciones y sus trastornos mentales requieren los servicios de estos dos tipos de organismos trabajando en colaboración. Los debates durante la conferencia estudiarán cómo ambos organismos pueden trabajar juntos con mayor eficacia, en beneficio de la juventud y la sociedad.

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EN IT ES FR

PRESENTACIÓN

IV CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL OIJJ

La IV Conferencia Internacional del OIJJ tiene como objetivo promover el análisis y el debate en torno a las políticas y programas de intervención aplicables a los menores infractores con trastornos de conducta, dirigiéndose principalmente a los profesionales y organismos implicados en el ámbito de la justicia juvenil y la salud mental.

Esta nueva edición de la Conferencia Internacional OIJJ permitirá el intercambio de conocimiento y de buenas prácticas entre los diferentes agentes procedentes del ámbito jurídico, social, educativo y sanitario, contribuyendo así a la formulación de propuestas y recomendaciones encaminadas a favorecer el tratamiento integral de estos menores, así como a aportar posibles respuestas ante las principales cuestiones planteadas desde el plano jurídico y de la intervención.

Del 9 al 10 de Noviembre de 2010 el Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil (OIJJ) celebrará su IV Conferencia Internacional en la ciudad de Roma (Italia) en colaboración con el Istituto Don Calabria.

Con carácter bianual, el OIJJ organiza una Conferencia Internacional con el objetivo de hacer posible el encuentro de profesionales, organismos públicos, instituciones y universidades bajo un interés común: el desarrollo de una JUSTICIA JUVENIL GLOBAL Y SIN FRONTERAS. Así, las anteriores conferencias internacionales OIJJ se celebraron en torno a las siguientes temáticas: “Justicia Juvenil y la Prevención de la Delincuencia Juvenil en un Mundo Globalizado” –Salamanca (España), 2004-, “La Justicia Juvenil en Europa: Un marco para la integración” –Bruselas (Bélgica), 2006-, “Sistemas de Justicia Juvenil en Europa: Situación actual, tendencias de modelos aplicables y buenas prácticas” –Valencia (España), 2008-.

La IV Conferencia Internacional OIJJ tendrá lugar bajo el título “Desarrollo de sistemas de justicia juvenil integradores: Enfoques y metodologías en trastornos mentales y abuso de drogas”, tomando como eje central de estudio el tratamiento de los menores en conflicto con la ley que padecen trastornos mentales o algún tipo de adicción a drogas o sustancias tóxicas.

El OIJJ es conocedor de las importantes cuestiones y problemáticas que en el contexto internacional se plantean a la hora de abordar la intervención con menores y jóvenes infractores en especial situación de vulnerabilidad debido a trastornos mentales y/o abuso de drogas.

En este contexto, dentro del Programa DAPHNE III y el Programa ‘Prevention of and Fight against Crime’, la Comisión Europea ha apoyado al OIJJ en el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación comparativo en colaboración con un conjunto de organizaciones e instituciones europeas que comparten su interés e inquietud sobre la situación actual de los jóvenes infractores con dificultades mentales en Europa. Se plantean como objetivos fundamentales de esta investigación la promoción de una formación especializada entre los profesionales implicados así como el intercambio de buenas prácticas en el contexto europeo.

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Presentación. IV Conferencia Internacional OIJJ

El OIJJ quiere así que la IV Conferencia Internacional sea un espacio de encuentro para todos los profesionales, expertos, agentes, etc; procedentes de áreas de la justicia juvenil, salud, educación, etc. interesados en la promoción de un efectivo enfoque global encaminado hacia el desarrollo integral de los menores y jóvenes infractores afectados por el abuso de drogas o que padecen algún trastorno mental.

La IV Conferencia Internacional del Observatorio Internacional de Justicia Juvenil enfocará sus actividades sobre la importancia de la integración como fin de toda intervención y en particular según los dos ejes temáticos siguientes: 1. Trastornos mentales y consumo de drogas: Análisis de la situación de los menores en conflicto con la ley.

2. Sistemas de justicia juvenil y de salud: Una necesaria colaboración multidisciplinar e integradora.

La conferencia investigará cómo se pueden tratar las necesidades de jóvenes con problemas de salud mental en el sistema de justicia juvenil a través de una respuesta multiagencia coordinada e integrada, identificando los apoyos necesarios para dicho enfoque y lograr una cooperación exitosa.

I. TRASTORNOS MENTALES Y CONSUMO DE DROGAS: ANÁLISIS DE LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS MENORES EN CONFLICTO CON LA LEY. • Estudio de la situación de los menores infractores con trastorno mentales o relacionados con el consumo de drogas: fundamentos para la intervención.

Objetivo: Análisis del perfil del menor infractor y su contexto psicosocial.

Muy diversos informes e investigaciones a nivel internacional coinciden en afirmar el alto porcentaje de menores y jóvenes infractores que padecen algún trastorno mental o alguna adicción a sustancias tóxicas.

A través del presente taller se pretende conocer esta realidad en un marco de análisis comparado desde una perspectiva global. De esta forma se podrán determinar las circunstancias sociales, familiares y personales de estos menores, las cuales deben guiar las políticas de prevención

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e intervención con los mismos, primando en todo caso el principio del interés superior del menor.

La profundización en el conocimiento de las circunstancias psicosociales de estos menores y jóvenes llevará también a conocer cuáles son las respuestas actuales dadas ante los mismos, tanto por los sistemas de justicia juvenil como por los servicios de salud.

• Respuesta de los sistemas de justicia juvenil ante las infracciones cometidas por menores y jóvenes que padecen trastornos mentales.

Objetivo: Definir intervenciones integradoras para menores infractores con trastornos mentales.

La especial situación de los menores y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley que padecen algún tipo de trastorno mental hace necesario conocer cuáles son las respuestas dadas por los sistemas de justicia juvenil en el marco internacional.

El análisis de las políticas adoptadas en este ámbito y su relación con los servicios de salud habrá de llevarnos a conocer cuáles son las respuestas integradoras principalmente establecidas por los países y si existe una adecuada adaptación a la realidad de estos menores.

En este sentido, cabe hacerse las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las medidas adoptadas en colaboración con el los servicios sanitarios y de justicia? ¿Qué recursos especializados se adecuan al contexto del menor?

• Delincuencia juvenil vinculada al consumo de drogas: perfil de los menores infractores y análisis de los recursos empleados para su integración social.

Objetivo: Definir intervenciones integradoras para menores infractores con conductas adictivas.

El estudio de la relación existente entre delincuencia juvenil y consumo de drogas hace necesario tener en cuenta el perfil de estos menores y las circunstancias sociales y familiares que les rodean.

Se hará referencia a los delitos más comúnmente cometi-

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dos por estos menores y a las respuestas específicas dadas ante este fenómeno desde el plano de la justicia juvenil desde una perspectiva internacional.

De este modo, se plantean cuestiones tales como: ¿Qué tipo de medidas sancionadoras y/o terapéuticas aplican los sistemas de justicia juvenil al menor infractor que consume o abusa de sustancias adictivas?, ¿Cuentan los sistemas de justicia juvenil con recursos específicos para el tratamiento y la reinserción de estos menores?, ¿Qué tipo de recursos y herramientas o técnicas emplean?

II. SISTEMAS DE JUSTICIA JUVENIL Y DE SALUD: UNA NECESARIA COLABORACIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINAR E INTEGRADORA. • Trastornos mentales, consumo de drogas y justicia juvenil: Aspectos éticos, deontológicos y buenas prácticas.

Objetivo: Fomentar y coordinar la comunicación intersectorial.

En los menores infractores que padecen un trastorno mental o algún tipo de adicción a sustancias tóxicas puede darse una situación paradójica: el sistema de justicia juvenil los considera como responsables y el sistema sanitario los reconoce como víctimas de su propio trastorno mental.

Esta doble circunstancia puede generar algunas cuestiones éticas y deontológicas, tales como: ¿Qué repercusión puede tener el deber de secreto profesional en la relación entre ambos sistemas? ¿Cómo fomentar la coordinación para asegurar la protección del interés superior del menor? ¿Cómo poner en marcha una medida restaurativa de mediación entre el menor infractor-víctima?

principalmente de aquellos ligados a los servicios sanitarios/ terapéuticos y los pertenecientes a la justicia juvenil.

En este sentido, cabe preguntarse: ¿Qué nivel de cooperación existe entre los profesionales de la justicia juvenil y de la salud para el tratamiento de estos menores? ¿De qué forma se promueven recursos específicos y adaptados con tal fin? ¿Cómo contemplar una adecuada colaboración de los servicios? ¿Cómo se garantiza una intervención especializada y la profesionalización de estos recursos?

• Fomento de políticas y regulación: Interface de los sistemas.

Objetivo: Estimular y establecer nexos comunes entre los sistemas.

Atendiendo a las normas y directrices internacionales en materia de justicia juvenil, es fundamental la promoción y desarrollo de políticas y de programas encaminados a fortalecer la coordinación especializada de todos los profesionales que trabajan día a día con los menores y jóvenes infractores.

Debido a sus especiales características y circunstancias, esta coordinación tiene que verse especialmente reforzada en los casos de intervención con menores infractores con problemas de salud mental o adicciones a drogas. Es necesario proporcionar a los profesionales de la salud y del sistema de justicia juvenil una estructura común que les permitan conocer y entender las características particulares (sanitarias, psíquicas, de personalidad, sociales, culturales. socio-económicas, etc.) de estos jóvenes y el modo más eficaz para abordar su situación y favorecer su integración social.

• La relación entre los sistemas de justicia juvenil y los servicios de salud: Necesidad de fomentar recursos especializados.

Objetivo: Desarrollo de herramientas comunes de intervención.

Una respuesta individualizada a los menores y jóvenes infractores que padecen algún tipo de trastorno mental o adicción a drogas o sustancias tóxicas requiere de la necesaria coordinación entre todos los agentes y organismos implicados,

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INFORMACIÓN PRÁCTICA Lugar de Celebración

Azienda Di Promozione Turistica Di Roma

Auditorium del Massimo Via Massimiliano Massimo, 1, 00144 Roma - Italia

Via Parigi, 11 - 00185 Roma Tel. +39 06488991 Fax +39 064819316 Portal oficial de turismo de la Ciudad de Roma: www.turismoroma.it turismo@comune.roma.it

Teléfono + 39 06-54602857 auditorium@auditorium.it

Registro e Información Durante la celebración de la conferencia los organizadores y su personal les facilitarán ayuda para cualquier información que usted necesite.

La cuota de inscripción incluye: • Material de la conferencia.

• Pausas cafés, días 9 y 10.

• Almuerzos, los días 9 y 10.

• Cóctel de bienvenida, la noche del día 9.

Cóctel de Bienvenida El día 9 a las 19:00 horas tendrá lugar el Cóctel de Bienvenida y la ceremonia de entrega del Premio Internacional: “Justicia Juvenil sin Fronteras” en el hotel Marriott Grand Hotel Flora.

Dirección: Rome Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Via Vittorio Veneto, 191 Roma, 00187 Italia

PIT- Punti Informativi Turistici (Kioscos de Información Turística). Los PIT son centros de información para los turistas que visitan la ciudad de Roma. El personal presente en estos kioscos, que suele hablar varios idiomas, distribuye material informativo de interés turístico y cultural. Dicho material está autorizado y publicado por el Ayuntamiento de Roma - Departamento para la Política y la Promoción Internacional del Turismo y Superintendencia del Ayuntamiento. Los PIT están abiertos todos los días del año, se encuentran distribuidos por todo el centro histórico y en las principales terminales de tráfico turístico de Roma.

• Punto Informativo Turistico “G.B.Pastine Ciampino” Aeropuerto Internacional, Llegadas Internacionales, área recogida de equipajes.

• Punto Informativo Turistico “Fiumicino” Aeropuerto Internacional “Leonardo Da Vinci” Llegadas Internacionales, Terminal B - C. • Punto Informativo Turistico “Ostia Lido”, Lungomare Paolo Toscanelli esquina Piazza Anco Marzio.

• Punto Informativo Turistico “ Minghetti” Via Marco Minghetti • Punto Informativo Turistico “Navona” Piazza delle Cinque Lune • Punto Informativo Turistico “Nazionale” Via Nazionale- en las cercanías del Palazzo delle Esposizioni • Punto Informativo Turistico “Santa Maria Maggiore” Via dell’Olmata • Punto Informativo Turistico “Sonnino” Piazza Sidney Sonnino • Punto Informativo Turistico “Termini” Via Giovanni Giolitti, 34 Edificio F – Vía 24

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Teléfonos de interés Aeropuertos

Urgencias

Aeropuerto de Fiumicino 06-65953640

Policía 113

Aeropuerto de Ciampino 06-794941

Policía Local 06-67691 Emergencias 118

Transportes ATAC Transportes de Roma 06-64695444 Metro y Bus 800-431784 Información de Trenes 147-888088

Pronto Taxi 06-6645 Radio Taxi 06-3570

Cancelación De Tarjetas Bancarias American Express 06-72900347 Diners Club 800-864064 MasterCard 800-870866 Visa 800-819014

Servicios Ayuntamiento de Roma 06-67104640 Auditorium del Massimo 06-54602857 Objetos perdidos Aeropuerto Fiumicino 06-65953343 Objetos perdidos Aeropuerto Ciampino 06-79494230 Objetos perdidos Estación Termini 06-47306682

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Roma.

Capital de Italia, sede de la Iglesia Católica y cuna de la civilización que se extendió por Europa durante siglos, Roma fue fundada hace 2.700 años en la zona de las siete colinas cerca del rio Tíber. A lo largo de su increíble historia, Roma ejerció una gran influencia en la arquitectura, el arte, la cultura, la política, la literatura, el derecho, la filosofía y la religión. En la actualidad, es una moderna ciudad en la que habitan tres millones de personas, lo que la convierte en el destino favorito de los turistas que viajan a Italia. Roma es conocida por sus numerosos monumentos y museos, sin olvidar el Coliseo, y alberga la Ciudad del Vaticano. Centro neurálgico del Renacentismo, cuenta con varios palacios, piazzas y edificios públicos grandiosos, así como esculturas, fuentes, mosaicos y frescos realizados por los mejores artistas que hicieron de esta ciudad su hogar. Gracias a su extraordinaria contribución a la gastronomía, al cine, la moda, el deporte y el entretenimiento, la Ciudad Eterna siempre tiene algo que ofrecer a sus visitantes.

Roma es la capital de la República de Italia, de la región de Lacio y de la provincia del mismo nombre así como la mayor ciudad de Italia. Roma está situada a aproximadamente veinte kilómetros del mar Tirreno en mitad de la montañosa zona de Campagna di Roma, cerca del río Tíber (Tevere en italiano), que es el tercer río más largo de Italia tras los ríos Po y Adigio.

Su historia y la extraordinaria riqueza de su herencia artística hacen de Roma un destino importante para viajeros y turistas de cualquier estilo de vida, peregrinos, devotos o simples curiosos.

AUDITORIO MASSIMO Dónde se encuentra y cómo llegar allí En metro desde la estación de tren Termini.

Para llegar al Auditorium desde la estación de tren Termini tomar el metro (línea B) desde la estación y bajar en la parada EUR Palasport.

Después seguir a pie (500 m) como indica la línea roja en el mapa o tomar un taxi.

En coche desde Grande Raccordo Stradale (carretera de circunvalación).

Conducir desde Grande Raccordo Anulare (G.R.A) seguir el itinerario como indica la línea azul en el mapa.

Meca de la civilización occidental y corazón del cristianismo, Roma es conocida como la “ciudad eterna”, “Caput Mundi”, y “Urbe”, lo que equivaldría a considerarla como la ciudad por excelencia. Fue capital del reino romano, de la república romana y del imperio romano, siendo ésta última la mayor influencia política y cultural en la zona mediterránea durante cuatrocientos años desde el siglo I a. de C. hasta el siglo IV d. de C. A partir del siglo II d. de C. Roma es la sede del papado y tras el fin de la dominación bizantina en el siglo VIII d. de C. se convirtió en la capital de los Estados Pontificios, que perduraron hasta 1870. En 1871, Roma fue nombrada capital del Reino de Italia y en 1946, de la República de Italia. Asimismo, es, desde 1929, sede de la Ciudad del Vaticano –una ciudadestado independiente dirigido por el Papa.

El Coliseo (Colosseo) Construido entre los años 70 y 80 d. de C., el Coliseo es uno de los símbolos de Roma más conocidos a nivel internacional.

Su nombre procede de una vieja estatua, el Coloso de Nerón,

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que estaba ubicada cerca del monumento.

El Coliseo, que en un principio estaba destinado a sustituir los excesos de la poco popular Domus Aurea (o Casa Dorada) edificada por orden de Nerón, fue construido bajo el imperio de Vespasiano e inaugurado tras su muerte en el año 79 d. de C. por su hijo Tito. Más de cincuenta mil espectadores fueron testigos de grandes luchas de gladiadores llenas de muerte y violencia. Éstos accedían por arcos numerados cuyos números romanos situados en la parte superior de las entradas son aún son visibles en algunos lugares. El Coliseo es muy conocido debido a los concursos letales entre la élite de gladiadores de Roma, formada principalmente por esclavos, criminales y prisioneros de guerra.

Tras caer en desuso, el Coliseo permaneció abandonado y se usó como castillo privado o como sede de una congregación religiosa. Una gran parte de las piedras que lo conformaban fue usada en la construcción de otros edificios.

El Coliseo también tuvo que hacer frente en el año 851 a un devastador terremoto de incalculables consecuencias.

Aún en la actualidad, millones de turistas visitan el Coliseo para observar uno de los ejemplos más refinados de la arquitectura romana así como para imaginar la Antigua Roma en pleno cénit.

Los foros imperiales (Fori Imperiali) Los foros imperiales ocupan un amplio espacio de una zona arqueológica situada entre el monte Capitolino y el Coliseo. A pesar de que la mayoría de los edificios están en ruinas, sólo basta ponerle un poco de imaginación para poder disfrutar plenamente de ellos.

Los foros imperiales, construidos entre los años 46 a. de C. y 113 d. de C., están formados por una serie de plazas públicas rodeadas de edificios majestuosos. Varios emperadores construyeron sus propios fórums no sólo por razones prácticas sino también para tratar de ser vistos con otros ojos destinando dinero a proyectos de carácter público.

Durante varias décadas, los fórums fueron el centro de la ciudad e importantes personajes públicos se reunían en los foros

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para debatir sobre la situación económica o para exponer sus ideas políticas u opiniones sobre cualquier otro tema de actualidad de la época. Asimismo, también se debatía sobre la religión, la administración, la educación e incluso las actividades comerciales.

El Panteón La palabra “Panteón” significa “todos los dioses” y el edificio se ideó como templo para doce de los dioses romanos más importantes. El Panteón fue construido en torno al año 125 d. de C. bajo el imperio de Adriano y sustituyó un edificio anterior construido por Agripa (su nombre aparece inscrito en el pórtico). Esta proeza de ingeniería debe su supervivencia al hecho de que fue construida para la iglesia cristiana en el año 609 tras haber sido presentada al Papa. Los paneles del pórtico así como el techo, ambos realizados en bronce, fueron requisados por el emperador Constante II y por el papa Urbano VIII y usados por éste último para la catedral de San Pedro aunque otros emperadores y papas mantuvieron el edificio en buenas condiciones adecuando su estatus religioso. Unos siglos más tarde, el Panteón se transformó en el lugar de eterno descanso de artistas y reyes, entre los que se incluye Rafael y Víctor Emmanuel II, primer rey de una Italia unida.

La harmonía en el interior del Panteón se debe parcialmente a sus perfectas proporciones pues el diámetro de la cúpula es igual a la altura desde el suelo creando de esta manera una esfera perfecta. El óculo, de 9 metros de diámetro permite la entrada de la luz solar por lo que es fácil imaginar su significado relacionados con los cielos. Además, el Panteón cuenta desagües en el suelo, lo que permite evacuar el agua de la lluvia que baja desde el tejado.

La Plaza de España (Piazza di Spagna) Este es posiblemente uno de los lugares más bonitos y espectaculares conservado del periodo barroco. Esta monumental escalera, construida en 1723, debe su nombre al cercano edificio que alberga la embajada española, que actualmente sigue siendo la representación ante la Santa Sede. Francesco De Sanctis la construyó por orden del papa Inocencio XIII y durante la primavera, unas enormes macetas de azaleas en

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flor colocadas en cada uno de los peldaños crean un marco incomparable.

La Plaza de España es el escenario de un famoso desfile de modelos una vez al año durante el verano y las más prestigiosas boutiques como por ejemplo Prada, Valentino y Gucci tienen sus tiendas alrededor de la Plaza, lo que hace de ella el punto de partida ideal para las compras en Roma.

Campo dei Fiori La plaza conocida como “Campo dei Fiori” es conocida en Roma por el hecho de que el filósofo Giordano Bruno fue quemado vivo el 17 de febrero de 1600 acusado por la Inquisición de herejía. Un estatua construida en 1889 por el escultor Ettore Ferrari por sugerencia del poeta Pietro Cossa y situada en el centro del “Campo dei Fiori” recuerda la ejecución. El nombre de la plaza, que algunas personas afirman que se debe al hecho de que una de las amantes del emperador Pompeyo, Flora, habría vivido en la zona, parece atribuirse más bien al aspecto de total abandono de la plaza durante el siglo XV llena de plantas y flores.

En la actualidad, el “Campo dei Fiori”, constituye, más allá del típico recorrido turístico, una de las plazas en donde el carácter auténtico de Roma queda revelado desde primeras horas de la mañana con un mercado al aire libre hasta altas horas de la madrugada con ofertas de ocio como bares, restaurantes y trattorie.

La Plaza Navona (Piazza Navona) La Plaza Navona, que fue construida en el emplazamiento exacto del Stadium de Domiciano (86 a. de C.), es en la actualidad una plaza peatonal que posee tres fuentes barrocas en cuyo centro hay una cuarta, la Fuente de los Cuatro Ríos, concebida por Bernini. Es una plaza muy animada llena de restaurantes elegantes, heladerías (gelato en italiano), bares y en donde suelen haber espectáculos de música o de arte.

La Plaza Navona, que es uno de los lugares más concurridos de Roma, posee bares y restaurantes que cobran un recargo elevado para poder ver el tiempo pasar mientras se degusta una carbonara.

La Fuente de Trevi (Fontana di Trevi) La Fontana di Trevi es uno de los lugares más famosos de Roma gracias a su papel en la película La Dolce Vita de Federico Fellini pues es aquí donde Anita Ekberg se zambulló.

Cada día la visitan miles de personas y muchas de ellas lanzan monedas al agua. De esta manera, la fuente percibe cada año una enorme cantidad de dinero que es, en su mayoría, destinada a obras de caridad. En 1730, el papa Clemente XII decidió sustituir la fuente existente, diseñada en 1453, por otra de mayor majestuosidad y para ello, pidió a los mejores artistas romanos de la época que le ayudaran con el proyecto.

La Fuente de Trevi resultante es de una grandeza innegable.

La pieza central, tallada en mármol, es una enorme carroza en forma de concha tirada por dos caballos de mar a la vez domados por dos tritones. De ella emerge una majestuosa estatua representando el océano. Cada mañana, se corta el suministro de agua y en algunas ocasiones se procede a su limpieza. Existe una superstición según la cual la persona que tira una moneda a la fuente vuelve a Roma.

El Castillo de Sant’Angelo (Castel Sant’Angelo) El Castillo de Sant’Angelo está situado en el orilla del río Tíber en pleno centro de Roma, cerca del Vaticano.

Originalmente, el edificio fue construido por el emperador Adriano entre los años 123 y 139 d. de C. para que fuera su mausoleo. Al igual que el mausoleo de Augusto, la tumba cilíndrica habría sido recubierta de estatuas recordando así al emperador y a su dinastía. En su interior, es posible subir andando el pasadizo en espiral destinado a la ascensión del cortejo fúnebre.

150 años después, la tumba fue incluida en la muralla aureliana, y desde entonces la importancia defensiva del monumento sufrió numerosas modificaciones de tipo militar. Tras la Edad Media, el Castillo Sant’Angelo pasó a manos de varias familias romanas hasta que la fortaleza fue adquirida por el papado en 1377. Un corredor fortificado, llamado el Passetto di Borgo une aún el Castillo de Sant’Angelo con el Vaticano pues se trataba de la vía de escape del Papa en caso de

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emergencia. En la actualidad, los visitantes pueden visitar el legado del monumento a través de sus tres diferentes usos: el pasadizo funerario de Adriano, las almenas defensivas y los maravillosos frescos de su interior.

En verano, se suelen organizar eventos especiales por la noche, desde demostraciones de guerras medievales a recitales de música folk así como fiestas en las terrazas de los bares.

Ciudad del Vaticano La Ciudad del Vaticano es el país más pequeño del mundo y alberga la residencia papal. Los Pactos de Letrán de 1929 estableciendo el Vaticano como estado soberano dentro de otro estado (Italia) quedaron marcados por la construcción de una nueva carretera –la Via della Conciliazione, que une la enorme basílica de San Pedro con el Castillo de Sant’Angelo.

Situada cerca de la orilla derecha del río Tíber, la Ciudad del Vaticano posee su propio sistema administrativo y jurídico, oficina de correos, banco, periódico, estación de radio, supermercado y estación de trenes.

Basílica de San Pedro (Basilica di San Pietro) La mayor basílica cristiana del mundo fue construida en el lugar en donde se creía que se encontraba la tumba de San Pedro, en pleno centro de la Ciudad del Vaticano. Esta suposición se remonta al siglo II d. de C. y en 1950, el papa Pío XII anuncia que la tumba de San Pedro ha sido descubierta. Algunos restos humanos fueron recuperados de la tumba pero no fue hasta dieciocho años después, en 1968, cuando se confirmó que se trataban de los restos de San Pedro.

La actual basílica data del siglo XVI y sustituye a una vieja iglesia construida en el siglo IV por orden del emperador Constantino.

Sus increíbles interiores poseen algunas estatuas notables entre las que se incluye La Piedad de Miguel Ángel. En el pasillo central se encuentra la estatua en bronce de San Pedro,

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creada por Arnolfo di Cambio y cuyo pie está desgastado por los continuos besos de los peregrinos. Existe un código de vestimenta muy estricto por el que se niega el acceso a toda persona que lleve pantalones cortos, los hombros al descubierto o faldas cortas.

Los Museos Vaticanos La colección de arte exhibida en los Museos Vaticanos reúne obras adquiridas en los últimos 500 años. La primera de ellas, la estatua Laocoonte y sus hijos, fue comprada por el papa Julio II en 1506 y fue desenterrada en un viñedo de Roma. Desde entonces, la colección ha aumentado considerablemente y se ha convertido en una visita indispensable en Roma.

Los Museos Vaticanos se componen de un grupo de palacios que albergan algunas de las colecciones de arte más importantes del mundo. Existen numerosas exposiciones entre las que destacan las del Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, las estancias de Rafael y Loggias, el Museo Gregoriano Egipcio y la archiconocida Capilla Sixtina, que podría decirse que es la parte más importante de todo el conjunto de los Museos Vaticanos. Los Museos Vaticanos forman parte del Palacio del Vaticano ha sido la residencia oficial del papa desde 1377. Posee pinturas murales, capillas, aproximadamente 1.400 habitaciones y numerosas galerías y 8 kilómetros (5 millas) de exposiciones.

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PRÉSENTATION.

OBSERVATOIRE INTERNATIONAL DE JUSTICE JUVÉNILE (OIJJ) SON OBJECTIF EST CELUI DE CRÉER UN SERVICE INTERNATIONAL PERMANENT SERVANT DE LIEU DE RÉUNION, DE TRAVAIL ET DE RÉFLEXION POUR LES PROFESSIONNELS DE LA JUSTICE JUVÉNILE AINSI QUE LES ENTITÉS CONCERNÉES PAR LA SITUATION DES JEUNES À RISQUES D’EXCLUSION ET DE RÉCLUSION. Principes L’OIJJ se compromet à effectuer ses activités en promouvant les principaux textes internationaux comme la Convention des Droits de l’Enfants, les Principes directeurs des Nations Unies pour la prévention de la délinquance juvénile (Principes directeurs de Riyad), Ensemble de règles minima des Nations Unies concernant l’administration de la justice pour mineurs (Règles de Pékin) et Règles minima des Nations Unies pour l’élaboration de mesures non privatives de liberté (Règles de Tokyo), etc.

Activités Le travail de l’OIJJ est basé sur une vision internationale et interdisciplinaire de la justice juvénile, dont le but est de créer un avenir pour les mineurs et jeunes à travers de stratégies stimulant le développement international de politiques, de législations et de méthodes d’intervention appropriées dans le contexte d’une JUSTICE JUVÉNILE GLOBALE ET SANS FRONTIERES. Dans ce cadre, l’Observatoire coordonne des recherches et des études sur les différentes problématiques de la justice juvénile.

L’OIJJ a depuis sa création en 2003, développé un réseau international de plus de 10.000 experts, collaborateurs et usagers provenant de plus de 120 pays. L’Observatoire propose un service international permanent de référence pour la rencontre, le travail et la réflexion des professionnels de la justice juvénile.

A travers de sa page web, l’OIJJ offre à la société civile, les usagers et les collaborateurs une importante base de données, actualisée chaque jour, qui contient plus de 27.000 documents de toute sorte (presse, événements, rapports, législation, formation, etc.) relatifs à la délinquance juvénile et la justice des mineurs.

Observatoires Continentaux Basé sur son engagement de se rapprocher le maximum de la réalité locale, l’OIJJ a créé une série d’Observatoires continentaux : L’Observatoire Européen, l’Observatoire Africain et l’Observatoire Latino-Américain de Justice Juvénile. Ces branches locales de l’OIJJ répondent au besoin d’aider les Etats, et la société civile lors de l’application des normes internationales

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sur la protection des droits de l’enfant et des jeunes, et afin de faciliter l’étude et l’amélioration permanente des systèmes de justice juvénile.

Dans ce contexte, les activités de conseil de l’OIJJ sont dirigées vers les Nations Unies, les Institutions européennes et internationales et sont reconnues officiellement par un nombre important d’organismes. De plus, afin de sensibiliser le grand public concernant les thèmes relatifs à la justice juvénile, l’OIJJ développe des campagnes de sensibilisation, comme la Campagne internationale « Assistance juridique pour les mineurs en conflit avec la loi » et la campagne « Deux décennies de Justice Juvénile : des progrès depuis l’adoption de la Convention Internationale des Droits de l’Enfant ».

Conférences internationales Tous les deux ans, l’OIJJ organise ses Conférences Internationales où de nombreux experts de différents domaines se réunissent pour analyser les systèmes de justice juvénile, les modèles d’action et les programmes d’intervention applicables dans différents pays. A travers la création et le suivi de ces groupes internationaux de justice juvénile, l’OIJJ contribue au progrès et à l’amélioration des politiques, encourage le développement de nouveaux programmes d’intervention éducative et de recherche centrés sur les mineurs à risques d’exclusion sociale.

Ecole Internationale de Justice Juvénile L’Observatoire a créé également l’Ecole Internationale de Justice Juvénile (EIJJ) comme un espace de formation et de recherche au niveau international dont le but principal est de générer, renforcer et diffuser des connaissances et de développer des formations dans les différents domaines de la justice juvénile.

L’Ecole Internationale de Justice Juvénile est également un espace facilitant la réunion, la collaboration et le travail en réseau de tous les professionnels, chercheurs, professeurs, agents et organismes publics comme privés, actifs dans le domaine de la justice juvénile. Ses principales lignes d’action s’attachent à la prévention, l’intervention éducative, le cadre juridique, la protection des mineurs, insertion sociale, etc.

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MOTS DE BIENVENUE Dr. Francisco Legaz

Président Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile Belgique Depuis la dernière conférence internationale de l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile (OIJJ), qui s’est tenue en 2008 à Valence (Espagne), l’Observatoire a continué à travailler conformément à son engagement relatif à la défense des droits et à l’intégration des enfants et jeunes en conflit avec la loi. En ce sens, l’OIJJ a développé ses activités en déterminant quatre piliers fondamentaux: la sensibilisation, la formation, la collaboration en réseau et la recherche.

organisations internationales, des centres universitaires et de formation ainsi que des ONG. Grâce à son site web, l’OIJJ est une référence internationale d’information dans le domaine de la justice juvénile, grâce à une base de données comportant déjà plus de 25.300 documents dans les trois langues officielles de l’OIJJ (anglais, français et espagnol).

Prochainement la nouvelle page web de l’OIJJ sera disponible, avec un nouveau format destiné à répondre aux besoins et au confort de tous ses utilisateurs.

a) Ainsi, dans le domaine de la sensibilisation et dans le cadre du vingtième anniversaire de la Convention des Nations Unies relative aux Droits de l’Enfant, l’an dernier en 2009, l’OIJJ a lancé la campagne internationale « Deux décennies de justice juvénile: les progrès depuis l’adoption de la Convention relative aux Droits de l’Enfant », à laquelle ont participés d’importantes personnalités et experts internationaux dans ce domaine. Par ailleurs, faisant écho aux priorités définies par l’Agenda Social de l’Union Européenne dans le cadre de l’Année Européenne 2010 de Lutte contre la Pauvreté et l’Exclusion Sociale, l’OIJJ a promu la campagne 2010 “Les chemins de l’intégration des enfants en conflit avec la loi”.

d) Dans le domaine de la recherche, l’OIJJ participe et coordonne différents projets de recherche au niveau européen, en soulignant pour l’année 2009/10 l’Étude sur les indicateurs de la justice juvénile pour l’Europe. Cette étude, commanditée par l’OIJJ représente un outil de comparaison et de référence destiné à être appliqué en tant qu’outil d’évaluation et de mise en œuvre des normes internationales au sein des systèmes de justice juvénile en Europe.

b) Etant conscient de l’importance de la formation spécialisée pour les professionnels travaillant dans le domaine de la justice juvénile, l’OIJJ dirige ses actions dans ce sens en collaborant et en participant à des conférences, séminaires, etc… ainsi qu’en organisant de façon biannuelle ses conférences Internationales dont la quatrième édition présentée à travers ces lignes et ayant pour titre: «Développement des systèmes de justice juvénile intégrateurs: Approches et méthodologies relatives à la santé mentale et à la consommation de drogues”. Également l’OIJJ a crée l’École Internationale de Justice Juvénile (EIJJ) comme espace de formation. c) Considérant une autre de ses lignes d’action relative à la promotion de la collaboration et de la coopération entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans la justice juvénile, l’OIJJ a continué à promouvoir le développement de son réseau d’experts, de collaborateurs et d’utilisateurs provenant du monde entier, et principalement de la fonction publique, des

Je voudrais aussi souligner que sur la période 2008/10, afin de promouvoir la création d’espaces continentaux de réflexion, ainsi que le développement d’initiatives, l’établissement de codes et de normes de bonnes pratiques relatifs à l’éducation et l’intégration des enfants et jeunes en conflit avec la loi, l’OIJJ a créé l’Observatoire Européenne de Justice Juvénile (OEJJ) basé à Bruxelles (Belgique), l’Observatoire Latino-américain de Justice Juvénile (OLJJ) et l’Observatoire Africain de Justice Juvénile (OAJJ), basés respectivement au Panama et au Kenya.

En ce qui concerne l’OEJJ, soulignons la constitution du Conseil Européen de Justice Juvénile en tant qu’organe central de travail et de réflexion de l’OEJJ. Á travers duquel des recommandations sont formulées concernant le développement et l’évolution de la justice juvénile en Europe et en favorisant des actions coordonnées entre les différents acteurs du domaine législatif, de la mise en œuvre, de la supervision, de la recherche et de l’intervention en justice juvénile. Ce Conseil est constitué par des experts et des professionnels de la fonction publique en charge de la justice juvénile, des universités et des centres de formation ainsi que les ONG de chacun des États Membres de l’UE.

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Afin de faire connaître les progrès accomplis en relation à la constitution du Conseil Européen de Justice Juvénile, le 11 Novembre 2010, dans le cadre de la Quatrième Conférence Internationale, aura lieu la IIème Rencontre. Lors de cette réunion seront discutées des questions d’importance et soulignées les préoccupations des participants déjà développées au cours de la Iére Rencontre de 2009. Les résultats de cette collaboration seront présentés à la Commission Européenne par le développement de trois Green Papers.

sanitaires, thérapeutiques, éducatifs, etc.) afin de réfléchir sur les divers facteurs à analyser au travers d’une perspective sociale, familiale, physiologique, etc. D’autre part, un autre objectif fondamental est d’étudier les différentes façons d’intervenir avec ces enfants et ces jeunes prenant en compte les ressources disponibles au sein des systèmes de justice juvénile, de santé, des services sociaux, etc… et dans tous les cas en respectant l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant.

Comme indiqué au début, la formation et les activités de recherche sont un élément clé de la raison d’être de l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile. C’est dans ce cadre, que se déroule la IV édition des Conférences Internationales OIJJ sous le titre: «Développement des systèmes de justice juvénile intégrateurs: Approches et méthodologies relatives à la santé mentale et à la consommation de drogues”, co-organisée par l’Institut Don Calabria. La Conférence Internationale OIJJ réunie experts et professionnels de différents continents pour travailler, partager et étudier dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, problèmes et défis en justice juvénile.

La pertinence de l’étude de cette question est reflétée dans les conclusions et les résultats des recherches menées à l’échelle internationale, relevant le pourcentage élevé de jeunes délinquants souffrant de troubles mentaux ou de dépendance à des substances toxiques. Ainsi, les systèmes de justice juvéniles doivent apporter une réponse individualisée prenant en compte les propres circonstances personnelles de l’enfant afin de favoriser son intégration sociale. L’utilisation de méthodes et d’outils de diagnostic, de détection et d’évaluation devrait être considérée comme étant de prime importance dans le processus d’intervention avec ces enfants. De même, une intervention efficace avec ces enfants nécessite une étroite collaboration entre les différents acteurs et système au travers d’une perspective multiagency.

La Ière Conférence Internationale a eu lieu en 2004 à Salamanque (Espagne) sous le titre « Justice Juvénile et Prévention de la Délinquance dans un Monde Globalisé », étant « La Justice Juvénile en Europe: un cadre pour l’intégration », le thème central de la IIéme Conférence Internationale (Bruxelles, 2006). En 2008 IIIéme Conférence Internationale qui s’est tenue à Valence (Espagne) a analysé les « Systèmes de Justice Juvénile en Europe: Situation actuelle, tendances des modèles applicables et bonnes pratique ».

Dans le cadre de son édition 2010, la Conférence Internationale a pour thème central la nécessité de coordonner les programmes et les ressources nécessaires afin de permettre une intervention efficace avec les enfants et jeunes ayant des problèmes de santé mentale et/ou d’abus de substances et qui en même temps se trouvent en risque et/ou en conflit avec la loi. Il est considéré ainsi essentiel le développement et la promotion de systèmes d’évaluation fiables et objectifs, favorisant la consolidation de systèmes de justice juvénile intégrateurs et permettant une coordination étroite entre les systèmes de justice, de santé et les services sociaux.

Cette Conférence Internationale a pour but de permettre l’échange entre les différents domaines (juridiques, sociaux,

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Je voudrais également signaler que lors de sa IVéme Conférence Internationale, l’OIJJ partagera avec les participants les résultats obtenus jusqu’à présent par le projet «Analyse Comparative Européenne et le Transfert de Compétences sur les recours en matière de Santé Mentale pour les Jeunes Infracteurs (MHYO) », coordonné par l’OIJJ dans le cadre du Programme Daphné III de la Commission Européenne. L’objectif ultime du projet est le développement de bonnes pratiques et de programmes de formation adaptés aux besoins des professionnels et des enfants, et ce depuis une perspective intégrée et multidisciplinaire des systèmes de justice et de santé. Également, les derniers résultats obtenus du projet de recherche «Délinquance Juvénile en relation avec les drogues – DREJC» financé par la Commission Européenne et coordonné par l’organisation italienne Institut Don Calabria, et impliquant également le Centre, seront présentés.

Ce projet à pour objectif d’encourager, de promouvoir et de développer des méthodes pluridisciplinaires pour prévenir la délinquance juvénile liée à l’utilisation et la consommation de drogues.

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Je suis convaincu que les résultats de ces deux projets de recherche, les contenus des séances plénières et des ateliers, ainsi que la vaste expérience des participants serviront de base pour travailler ensemble pendant ces deux jours avec un même objectif: analyser en profondeur comment la justice juvénile puisse répondre efficacement aux besoins des enfants et des jeunes ayant des problèmes de santé mentale ou de toxicomanie à travers une action coordonnée et intégrée, et en identifiant les moyens d’une coopération fructueuse pour assurer leur réinsertion sociale et professionnel.

Les conclusions et les résultats obtenus pendant la Conférence Internationale seront très utiles afin d’améliorer de notre engagement professionnel pour les enfants et les jeunes à devenir des adultes libres et responsables et voient leur avenir avec espoir et joie. Ces résultats seront présentés au travers d’une Déclaration Conjointe qui sera présenté aux institutions européennes et internationales afin de promouvoir des réponses politiques, législatives, sanitaires, médicales, et sociales, etc. en fonction des besoins d’intervention avec ces enfants.

Enfin, je voudrais souligner la création par l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile du Prix International : Justice Juvénile sans frontières, à travers lequel l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile veut reconnaître le travail des institutions, des experts et des personnes démontant un solide engagement relatif à la défense des droits des enfants et aux systèmes de justice juvénile qui favorisent le développement intégral des enfants et jeunes en conflit avec la loi.

Merci à tous.

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Hon. Avocat. Angelino Alfano Ministre de la Justice Ministère de la Justice Italie

Je souhaite que cette IVème Conférence Internationale de Justice Juvénile puisse contribuer à la mise en œuvre de bonnes pratiques dans les domaines d’intervention relatifs aux mineurs délinquants, à qui l’on se doit d’accorder une opportunité de réinsertion, en respect des valeurs constitutionnelles et de dignité humaine.

Je considère que les perspectives d’insertion développées par les travaux des institutions et les compétences spécifiques des professionnels représentent l’élément clef de l’amélioration des programmes de réinsertion et de développement des stratégies définies par l’Union Européenne, et ce afin de mettre en œuvre un modèle fonctionnel et efficace ainsi que de proposer des moyens spécifiques de réinsertion.

J’espère que le débat international lors des sessions de la Conférence puisse indiquer les voies et les lignes directrices qui permettront de combiner les exigences de la légalité et de la sécurité, soulignant la responsabilité de chaque pays d’activer des ressources et de créer des opportunités réelles pour les mineurs et les jeunes soumis à des mesures juridiques.

Dr. Bruno Brattoli

Chef du Département de la Justice Juvénile Ministère de la Justice Italie

Je tiens à vous saluer chaleureusement et souhaite, au nom du Département de la justice pour mineurs du Ministère de la Justice, que j’ai l’honneur de diriger, la bienvenue dans notre ville, à tous les participants de cette prestigieuse Conférence.

En tant que représentant des institutions, je voudrais d’abord remercier l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile, son président Francisco Legaz et son directeur Cédric Foussard pour le choix de l’Italie et de Rome, pour la quatrième Conférence Internationale de Justice Juvénile de l’OIJJ. Je considère cela comme un signe d’intérêt et de reconnaissance internationale, non seulement envers notre belle capitale, mais aussi envers notre système de justice juvénile; car l’Etat et le secteur social coopèrent en synergie vertueuse et, à mon avis, c’est seulement par cette approche qu’il est possible d’aborder et de résoudre les énormes problèmes liés à l’univers des enfants qui entrent dans le système judiciaire.

Je suis aussi très reconnaissant au fait que la Conférence aborde la question spécifique de la santé mentale et physique des jeunes délinquants. Les troubles mentaux et la toxicomanie sont en fait souvent les causes selon lesquelles les enfants et les jeunes adultes entrent dans le cercle pénal.

Par conséquent, le défi de la prévention et de la réinsertion de ces groupes d’enfants particulièrement vulnérables doit être effectué par nos sociétés avancées. En Italie, par exemple, la médecine pénitentiaire a été récemment réformée afin d’améliorer son efficacité. Il est donc très important pour nous de partager nos connaissances et de comprendre l’expérience des autres dans ce domaine. Pour cette raison, pendant ces deux jours, la contribution d’experts importants, de représentants des institutions internationales et de la société civile présents à la conférence sera cruciale pour la diffusion et l’échange de bonnes pratiques.

J’espère que le contenu des présentations et des ateliers de ce forum international pourra encourager la coopération et l’échange entre les différents systèmes afin d’accroître l’efficacité et de promouvoir l’innovation.

Je vous souhaite un travail productif!

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EDITORIAL Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel

Chef du Département de Criminologie.

Faculté de Droit et d’Économie.

Recteur de l’Université Ernst-MoritzArndt à Greifswald.

Allemagne

JEUNES SOUFFRANT DE TROUBLES MENTAUX ET DE LA TOXICOMANIE - UN GROUPE DE DÉLINQUANTS TRÈS NÉGLIGÉ DANS LES SYSTÈMES EUROPÉENS DE JUSTICE JUVÉNILE Les problèmes de santé mentale et de toxicomanie sont souvent négligés ou sous-estimés au moins dans les systèmes de justice juvénile en Europe. En ce qui concerne les mineurs délinquants souffrant de troubles mentaux, les taux de prévalence exacts ne sont pas souvent disponibles. Si l’on considère les personnes en garde à vue, il est clair que la plupart souffrent de troubles mentaux, qui peuvent être considérés comme des maladies mentales. Des études récentes en Allemagne ont révélé que la population carcérale des mineurs est comparable à celle des institutions mentales des jeunes, lorsqu’on considère les troubles et les problèmes mentaux.

Par ailleurs, on ne connait pas le nombre exact de jeunes délinquants qui sont envoyés dans des hôpitaux psychiatriques ou d’autres institutions au lieu d’être tenus pénalement responsables. Lorsque le Conseil de l’Europe a rédigé les Règles européennes pour les délinquants mineurs faisant l’objet de sanctions ou de mesures, Rec (2008) 11, il a essayé de trouver un test empirique sur le nombre de jeunes détenus dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques. Le résultat fut un désastre total: seulement quatre des 34 États membres ayant répondu ont été en mesure de donner des chiffres précis des jeunes qui étaient à ce moment-là dans ces institutions.

Les normes des droits humains doivent être les mêmes en protection, en justice juvénile (délinquants condamnés et au cours de la procédure) et dans les institutions psychiatriques.

Par conséquent, la proposition générale des Recommandations du Conseil de l’Europe (2008) 11 d’étudier tous les jeunes délinquants provenant de plusieurs types d’institutions et cela selon une approche complète mérite bien un plein consentement. Ces Règles formulent des recommandations aussi générale que possible afin d’être pertinentes dans le cadres des différentes institutions et de limiter les règles spécifiques à un minimum. Reprenant cette proposition, la Partie Générale du Règlement relatif à la privation de liberté contient 145 règles (règle de 49,1 à 107,2), tandis que la Partie Spécifique aux établissements psychiatriques n’à que trois règles supplémentaires (Règles 117.-119.) L’objectif et les principes de la réadaptation, comme la mise en place d’un plan complet qui offre une variété d’activités intéressantes, des activités avec des interventions individualisées, des contacts avec le monde extérieur, la préparation pour à la libération et les soins continus, y compris les services de suivi postérieurs que devraient prendre en compte les traitements institutionnels, sont valables dans les établissements pénitentiaires (comme la prison) et les institutions de protection sociale et de santé mentale ou psychiatrique. Les normes spécifiques pour les établissements de santé mentale résident dans le fait que le «traitement des problèmes de santé mentale ... doit seulement être déterminée par des raisons médicales» et que «les niveaux de sécurité devrait être déterminés principalement pour des raisons médicales” (articles 118. et 119.).

Les institutions pour jeunes délinquants sont généralement gérées par des autorités différentes: le système de justice (ministères de la justice), le système de protection sociale (ministères sociaux) et le système de santé (tels que les centres de traitement psychiatrique ou de drogues) ont construit sa propre structure organisationnelle et des réglementations, mais les besoins des prisonniers, les patients ou clients sont similaires. La conférence actuelle pourrait être essentielle pour réunir ces différentes autorités et institutions.

Il devient nécessaire plus de flexibilité entre ces institutions pour trouver des programmes de traitement approprié au

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cas par cas. Les détenus mineurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale ont besoin de traitement psychiatrique ou psychothérapeutique, il est plus convenable que les institutions fournissent des services spécialisés ou psychiatriques.

Cependant, il existe des cas graves de mineurs délinquants dans des établissements psychiatriques, pour lesquels il faudrait des traitements supplémentaires par rapport au comportement antisocial (au delà des problèmes psychiatriques). Ils peuvent être traités, par exemple, moyennant des programmes spécifiques développés dans ce qu’on appelle les services socio-thérapeutiques du système de justice juvénile allemand. En général, les institutions sociales disposent de systèmes beaucoup plus ouverts et le problème de sécurité est moindre.

Par ailleurs, les Règles Pénitentiaires Européennes précisent que la vie dans les institutions pour jeunes délinquants ayant des problèmes psychologiques spécifiques “doit bénéficier autant que possible des aspects positifs de la vie dans la communauté”.

Une autre recommandation du Conseil de l’Europe mérite une attention particulière. La Recommandation «des nouvelles façons de traiter les mineurs délinquants et le rôle de la justice pour mineurs” 2003, Rec (2003) 20, a déclaré que “pour traiter la délinquance juvénile persistante, violente et grave, les États membres devraient élaborer un éventail de sanctions plus large et des mesures novatrices et plus efficaces (mais proportionnelles). Il doit traiter directement les comportements délinquants et les besoins des délinquants” (Régle 8). Cette règle s’applique également aux mineurs délinquants ayant des problèmes psychologiques et psychiatriques.

Les organismes de protection, de liberté surveillée et les services de suivi ont traité long temps des jeunes infracteurs ayant des problèmes psychologiques et ont appris à travailler ensemble de manière efficace avec les services de santé et autres programmes communautaires. Cette approche multidisciplinaire est également reconnue par les Recommandations du Conseil de l’Europe.

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Cette conférence réunira des experts et des professionnels travaillant dans différents domaines de la justice, du bien-être et de la santé. Le résultat pourrait être une meilleure compréhension des nombreux, mais peu communs, problèmes des mineurs délinquants, afin de développer des systèmes de traitement et de soin de réadaptation cohérents et des réseaux de travail dans le meilleur intérêt des jeunes et de la société afin de prévenir la récidive et la victimisation.

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INTRODUCTION Thomas Grisso, Ph.D.

Université Medical School de Massachussetts États-Unis

DÉVELOPPEMENT DE SYSTÈMES DE JUSTICE JUVÉNILE INTÉGRATEURS: APPROCHES ET MÉTHODOLOGIES RELATIVES À LA SANTÉ MENTALE ET À LA CONSOMMATION DE DROGUES Il devient de plus en plus évident –selon la recherche scientifique et des professionnels de la justice juvénile– que beaucoup de jeunes délinquants dans les systèmes de justice juvénile dans le monde entier ont des symptômes de troubles mentaux et de graves problèmes de drogues. Une recherche fiable menée dans plusieurs pays a révélé le fait qu’entre la moitié et deux tiers des jeunes qui entrent sur les centres de détention provisoire répondent aux critères d’un ou plusieurs troubles mentaux. Par conséquent, les systèmes de justice juvénile sont à la recherche de conseils sur la façon d’y répondre. Il y a trois grandes questions sur les troubles mentaux, la toxicomanie et les jeunes infracteurs qui seront abordés lors de cette conférence: • Quelle est l’obligation des systèmes de justice juvénile pour traiter la jeunesse avec de troubles mentaux et de toxicomanie?

• Quels sont les traitements possibles pour aborder les troubles mentaux et de toxicomanie des jeunes?

• Quelle est la capacité du système de justice juvénile de répondre à ces besoins?

La première question concerne à notre engagement vis-àvis du bien-être des jeunes, et comment nous allons traduire cet engagement en politiques, en obligations et en normes de pratique. De nombreux pays sont maintenant dans le processus de formulation des politiques et des normes qui établissent des obligations du system de la justi-

ce juvénile pour aborder les besoins de santé mentale des jeunes quand ils sont dans les systèmes de protection. Une attention particulière doit être accordée à ces obligations.

Les systèmes de justice juvénile ne sont pas des systèmes de santé mentale, bien que certaines responsabilités doivent être acceptées par les programmes de justice juvénile.

Par exemple, il pourrait être une exigence fondamentale d’identifier les besoins de santé mentale des jeunes quand ils entrent dans les programmes de justice juvénile. Ainsi, le dépistage et les méthodes d’évaluation semblent être une exigence fondamentale. Également des normes devrait considérer si les obligations de traitement doit se concentrer sur tous les jeunes qui répondent aux critères de diagnostic psychiatrique, ou si les maigres ressources de traitement devrait surtout se fixer sur les jeunes avec les problèmes de santé mentale et de toxicomanie le plus graves.

La deuxième question est en grande partie clinique. Quelles sont les méthodes que nous avons pour le traitement des troubles mentaux et des problèmes de toxicomanie chez les jeunes? Bien entendu, la pédopsychiatrie et psychologie de l’enfant ont développé un important réseau de méthodes d’interventions psychologiques, pharmacologiques et familiales ou sociales pour répondre aux besoins de ces jeunes. Mais la question doit être abordée ayant à l’esprit deux considérations principales. La première est l’importance de déterminer si un traitement est « fondée sur des preuves ». Y –a- t-il des preuves solides, fondée sur la recherche de son efficacité? Si c’est ne pas le cas, ceci pourrait engendrer un gaspillage des ressources et une incapacité à faire quelque chose valable pour les jeunes. La deuxième considération a trait à la valeur des traitements de santé mentale dans le contexte de la justice juvénile. C’est possible que plusieurs méthodes de traitement peuvent être, ou pas, mis en œuvre chez les établissements pour mineurs sécurisés (verrouillés). D’autres peuvent nécessiter des spécialistes médicaux et psychologiques que le système de justice pour mineurs ne peut pas se permettre d’employer. Nous devons avoir des méthodes efficaces sur le plan clinique, mais ils doivent aussi être efficients pour la mise en œuvre dans les milieux de la justice juvénile.

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La troisième question, les capacités du système de justice juvénile, dépend de la seconde. En fait, il est peu probable que nos systèmes de justice juvénile soient capables de répondre à tous les besoins de tous les jeunes qui entrent dans leurs programmes. Le système de justice juvénile doit travailler en collaboration avec des organismes les plus compétentes en matière de santé mentale de nos communautés. Trop souvent, les jeunes sont identifiés comme “appartenant” au système de justice des mineurs ou au système de la santé mentale de la communauté, alors que leur délinquance et leurs troubles mentaux nécessiteraient des services de ces deux types d’organismes travaillant en collaboration. Les discussions lors de la conférence examineront comment les organismes peuvent travailler ensemble plus efficacement, au profit de la jeunesse et de la société.

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PRÉSENTATION.

IVÈME CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALE OIJJ

La IVème Conférence Internationale de l’OIJJ a pour objectif de promouvoir l’analyse et le débat quant aux politiques et programmes d’intervention applicables aux mineurs infracteurs ayant des troubles du comportement. Elle est principalement destinée aux professionnels et organismes travaillant en lien avec la justice juvénile et la santé mentale.

Cette nouvelle édition de la Conférence Internationale OIJJ permettra l’échange de connaissances et bonnes pratiques entre les différents acteurs intervenants dans le milieu juridique, social, éducatif et sanitaire. Elle contribuera ainsi à la formulation de propositions et recommandations destinées à favoriser le traitement complet de ces mineurs, et apportera également d’éventuelles réponses aux questions posées sur le plan juridique et concernant l’intervention.

Les 9 et 10 novembre 2010, l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile (OIJJ) organisera sa IVème Conférence Internationale à Rome (Italie) en collaboration avec l’Institut Don Calabria.

Tous les deux ans, l’OIJJ organise une Conférence Internationale afin de rassembler des professionnels, organismes publics, institutions et universités ayant un intérêt commun: le développement d’une JUSTICE JUVENILE GLOBALE ET SANS FRONTIERES. Ainsi, les thématiques abordées lors des précédentes conférences internationales de l’OIJJ étaient les suivantes : « Justice Juvénile et la Prévention de la Délinquance Juvénile dans un Monde Globalisé » - Salamanque (Espagne), 2004-, « La Justice Juvénile en Europe : un cadre pour l’intégration » - Bruxelles (Belgique), 2006-, « Système de Justice Juvénile en Europe : Situation actuelle, tendances des modèles applicables et bonnes pratiques » - Valence (Espagne), 2008-.

La IVème Conférence Internationale OIJJ intitulée « Développement de systèmes de justice juvénile intégrateurs: Approches et méthodologies relatives à la santé mentale et à la consommation de drogues », aura comme axe central l’étude du traitement des mineurs en conflit avec la loi souffrant de troubles mentaux ou d’un type d’addiction aux drogues ou aux substances toxiques.

L’OIJJ est spécialiste des questions et problématiques importantes au niveau international et propose, pour l’heure, d’aborder l’intervention avec les mineurs et les jeunes infracteurs se trouvant dans les situations particulièrement vulnérables dues aux troubles mentaux et/ou abus de drogues.

Dans ce contexte, l’OIJJ a reçu le soutien de la Commission Européenne, à travers le programme DAPHNE III et le programme ‘Prévention et lutte contre le Crime’, afin de développer un projet d’analyse et comparaison en collaboration avec d’autres organisations et institutions européennes qui partagent le même intérêt et inquiétude sur la situation actuelle des jeunes infracteurs ayant des troubles mentaux en Europe. Il y a deux objectifs fondamentaux dans cette recherche : la promotion d’une formation spécialisée entre les professionnels impliqués ainsi que l’échange de bonnes pratiques dans le contexte européen.

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Présentation. Ivème Conférence Internationale OIJJ

L’OIJJ souhaite, ainsi, que la IVème Conférence Internationale soit un espace de rencontre pour tous les professionnels, experts, agents, etc; travaillant dans les domaines de la justice juvénile, la santé, l’éducation, etc. intéressés par la promotion d’une approche effective globale orientée vers le développement intégral des mineurs et jeunes infracteurs affectés par l’abus de drogues ou qui souffrent de troubles mentaux.

La IVème Conférence Internationale de l’Observatoire International de Justice Juvénile vise soulever l’importance de l’intégration entant qu’objectif de toute intervention et en particulier selon les deux axes thématiques suivants: 1. Troubles mentaux et consommation de drogues : Analyse de la situation des mineurs en conflit avec la loi.

2. Systèmes de justice juvénile et de santé : Une nécessaire collaboration interdisciplinaire et intégrée.

La conférence vise à chercher comment traiter les besoins des jeunes souffrant de problèmes de santé mentale dans le système de justice juvénile, en s’appuyant sur une réponse inter-agence coordonnée et intégrée. La conférence va chercher à identifier les moyens nécessaires pour réaliser cette approche afin d’obtenir une coopération réussie.

I. TROUBLES MENTAUX ET CONSOMMATION DE DROGUES : ANALYSE DE LA SITUATION DES MINEURS EN CONFLIT AVEC LA LOI. • Etude sur la situation des mineurs infracteurs souffrant des troubles mentaux ou en relation à la consommation de drogues : fondements de l’intervention.

Objectif: Analyse du profil du mineur infracteur et son contexte psychosocial.

De nombreuses recherches au niveau international s’accordent à dire qu’une grande partie des mineurs et jeunes infracteurs souffrent d’un trouble mental ou d’une addiction aux drogues.

Lors de cet atelier nous cherchons à connaître quelle est la situation par une analyse comparée et depuis une perspective globale. De cette façon on pourra déterminer les circonstan-

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ces sociales, familiales et personnelles des ces mineurs, sur lesquelles il faudrait appuyer les politiques de prévention et d’intervention, en faisant primer dans tous les cas le principe de l’intérêt supérieur du mineur.

Une connaissance approfondie des circonstances psychosociales des mineurs et jeunes permettra aussi de connaître quelles sont les réponses actuelles, autant pour les systèmes de justice juvénile que pour les services de santé.

• Réponse des systèmes de justice juvénile face a la commission des infractions par les mineurs et jeunes souffrant de troubles mentaux.

Objectif: Définir les interventions intégrées pour les mineurs infracteurs ayant des troubles mentaux.

Considérant la situation particulière des mineurs et jeunes en conflit avec la loi qui souffrent de troubles mentaux, il serait pertinent de connaître quelles sont les réponses fournies par les systèmes de justice juvénile au niveau international.

L’analyse des politiques actuelles et leur relation avec les services de santé permettra de mieux connaître les réponses intégrées au niveau national et de savoir s’il existe une réponse adéquate à la réalité de ces mineurs.

Dans ce sens, il convient de poser les questions suivantes : Quelles sont les méthodes adoptées par la justice en collaboration avec les services sanitaires ? Quels recours spécialisés s’adaptent à la situation du mineur ?

• Délinquance juvénile liée à la consommation de drogues : profil des mineurs infracteurs et analyse des recours employés pour leur intégration sociale.

Objectif: Définir les interventions intégrées pour les mineurs infracteurs en situation de dépendance.

Afin de mieux comprendre la relation existante entre la délinquance juvénile et la consommation de drogues, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte le profil de ces mineurs et les circonstances sociales et familiales qui les entourent.

Lors de cet atelier, on abordera le sujet concernant les délits

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les plus communément commis par les mineurs ainsi que les réponses effectives données face à ce phénomène par la justice juvénile et depuis une perspective internationale.

Ainsi, les questions suivantes seront abordées : Quels types de méthodes, de sanction et/ou thérapeutiques sont appliqués par les systèmes de justice juvénile au mineur infracteur qui consomme des drogues ? Quels sont les recours spécifiques dont disposent les systèmes de justice juvénile pour traiter et réinsérer ces mineurs ? Quels sont les types de recours, d’outils ou de techniques employés ?

II. SYSTÈMES DE JUSTICE JUVÉNILE ET DE SANTÉ : UNE NÉCESSAIRE COLLABORATION INTERDISCIPLINAIRE ET INTÉGRÉE. • Troubles mentaux, consommation de drogues et justice juvénile : aspects éthiques, déontologiques et bonnes pratiques.

Objectif: Développer et coordonner la communication intersectorielle.

Dans le cas des mineurs infracteurs souffrant d’un trouble mental ou d’une d’addiction aux drogues, on peut se trouver devant une situation paradoxale : le système de justice juvénile les considère comme responsables alors que le système sanitaire les voit comme victimes de leur propre trouble mental.

Cette double approche peut soulever plusieurs questions éthiques et déontologiques, telles que : Quelle répercussion peut avoir le devoir de secret professionnel lorsque les deux systèmes entrent en relation? Comment développer la coordination pour assurer la protection de l’intérêt supérieur du mineur ?

Comment mettre en place une méthode de médiation restaurative entre le mineur infracteur et la victime ?

Une réponse individuelle aux mineurs et jeunes infracteurs souffrant d’un trouble mental ou d’une addiction à la drogue nécessite la coordination de toutes les agences et organismes impliqués, aussi bien les services sanitaires/thérapeutiques que ceux de la justice juvénile.

Ainsi, on peut se demander : Quel niveau de coopération existe-t-il entre les professionnels de la justice juvénile et ceux de la santé pour le traitement de ces mineurs ? De quelle façon promouvoir les recours spécifiques et adaptés à cette fin ? Comment envisager une collaboration adéquate de ces services ? Comment garantir une intervention spécialisée et professionnelle de ces recours?

• Développement de politiques et législation : interface des systèmes.

Objectif: Inciter et établir un lien commun entre les systèmes.

En s’appuyant sur les normes et règles internationales en matière de justice juvénile, il est fondamental de promouvoir et de développer des politiques et programmes visant à renforcer la coordination de tous les professionnels qui travaillent au quotidien avec des mineurs et jeunes infracteurs.

En raison des caractéristiques et circonstances spéciales, cette coordination doit porter en particulier sur le renforcement des cas d’intervention sur les mineurs infracteurs ayant des problèmes de santé mentale ou des addictions à la drogue.

Il est nécessaire de fournir aux professionnels de la santé et du système de justice juvénile une structure commune leur permettant de connaître et comprendre les caractéristiques particulières (sanitaires, psychiques, de personnalité, sociales, culturelles, socio-économiques, etc.) de ces jeunes et le moyen le plus efficace pour aborder cette situation et favoriser leur intégration sociale.

• La relation entre les systèmes de justice juvénile et les services de santé : nécessité de développer les recours spécialisés.

Objectifs: Développement d’intervention.

de

moyens

communs

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INFORMATION PRATIQUE Lieu de déroulement de la Conférence Internationale Auditorium del Massimo Via Massimiliano Massimo, 1, 00144 Rome - Italy Téléphone: + 39 06-54602857 auditorium@auditorium.it

Enregistrement et information Lors de la célébration de la conférence, les organisateurs et leur personnel vous faciliteront de l’aide concernant n’importe quelle information dont vous aurez besoin.

Les frais d’inscription comprennent: • Le matériel de la Conférence.

• Les pauses café, le 9 et le 10.

• Les déjeuners, le 9 et le 10.

• Le cocktail de bienvenu, le 9 au soir.

Cocktail de bienvenu Le 9, à 19h00 le Cocktail de Bienvenu aura et la cérémonie de remise du Prix International « Justice Juvénile sans Frontières » auront lieu à l’Hôtel Marriott Grand Hotel Flora.

Adresse: Rome Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Via Vittorio Veneto, 191 Rome, 00187 Italie

Informations Touristiques Azienda Di Promozione Turistica Di Roma Via Parigi, 11 - 00185 Roma Tel. +39 06488991 Fax +39 064819316 Site Touristique Officiel de la Ville de Rome: www.turismoroma.it turismo@comune.roma.it Les Points d’Informations Touristiques (P.I.T.) sont les centres d’accueil pour les touristes italiens et étrangers qui visitent Rome. Le personnel multilingue des P.I.T. distribue au public du matériel promotionnel et d’information d’intérêt touristique et culturel préparé et mis à disposition par le Comune di Roma - Ufficio per le Politiche e la Promozione Internazionale del Turismo e Sovraintendenza Comunale. Les P.I.T., ouverts 365 jours par an, du lundi au dimanche, sont disséminés dans le centre historique, prés des musées principaux, à la Mairie et dans les gares, aéroports et stations principales de la ville.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “G.B. Pastine Ciampino”, Arrivées Internationales - Hall de réception des bagages.

- Punto Informativo Turistico “Fiumicino” Aéroport International “Leonardo Da Vinci”- Arrivées Internationales - Terminal C De - Punto Informativo Turistico “Ostia Lido”, Lungomare Paolo Toscanelli / Piazza Anco Marzio - Punto Informativo Turistico “ Minghetti” Via Marco Minghetti - Punto Informativo Turistico “Navona” Piazza delle Cinque Lune - Punto Informativo Turistico “Nazionale” Via Nazionale - près du Palazzo delle Esposizioni - Punto Informativo Turistico “Santa Maria Maggiore” Via dell’Olmata - Punto Informativo Turistico “Sonnino” Piazza Sidney Sonnino - Punto Informativo Turistico “Termini” Via Giovanni Giolitti, 34 À l’intérieur du bâtiment F - quai 24

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Numéros de téléphone d’intérêt Aeroports

Services

Aéroport de Fiumicino 06-65953640

Mairie de Rome 06-67104640

Aéroport de Ciampino 06-794941

Auditorium del Massimo 06-54602857

Transports ATAC Transports de Rome 06-64695444 Métro et Bus 800-431784

Objets perdus Aéroport Fiumicino 06-65953343 Objets perdus Aéroport Ciampino 06-79494230 Objets perdus Gare Termini 06-47306682

Information des trains 147-888088

Urgences

Pronto Taxi 06-6645

Police 113

Radio Taxi 06-3570

Police Locale 06-67691 Urgences 118

Annulation Des Cartes Bancaires American Express 06-72900347 Diners Club 800-864064 MasterCard 800-870866 Visa 800-819014

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Rome Rome, capital de l’Italie, siège de l’Eglise catholique et berceau d’une civilisation qui s’étendait sur l’Europe pendant des siècles, fut fondée près des sept collines à côté du Tibre il y environ 2 700 années. Tout au long de sa célèbre histoire, Rome a exercé une énorme influence dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’art, de la culture, de la politique, de la littérature, du droit, de la philosophie et de la religion. Aujourd’hui, Rome, qui est une ville moderne, compte 3 millions d’habitants et constitue la ville la plus populaire sur le plan touristique. Elle est aussi connue par ses monuments et ses musées, sans oublier le Colisée, et parce que c’est l’enclave de la Cité du Vatican. Point névralgique de la Renaissance, Rome se vante de posséder plusieurs palais, piazzas et bâtiments publiques ainsi que de sculptures, de fontaines, de mosaïques et de fresques réalisés par le plus grands artistes qui ont fait de Rome leur patrie. Grâce à sa remarquable contribution a la gastronomie, au cinéma, à la mode, au sport et au monde du spectacle, la Ville éternelle nous offre à chacun d’entre nous, une ville chaque fois différente.

Rome est la capitale de la République d’Italie, de la région du Latium et de la province de Rome ainsi que la plus grande ville de l’Italie. Elle se trouve à 20 km de la mer Tyrrhénienne au milieu de la montagneuse Campagnano di Roma et sur le Tibre (Tevere en italien), qui es le troisième fleuve le plus long en Italie après le Po et l’Adige.

Son histoire et l’extraordinaire richesse de son héritage artistique font de Rome une destination populaire pour les voyageurs et les touristes de tous les styles de vie, les pèlerins, les fidèles et tout simplement, les curieux.

AUDITORIUM MASSIMO Où se trouve et comment y arriver En métro de la gare Termini.

Pour arriver à l’Auditorium de la gare Termini prendre le métro (ligne B) de la gare et descendre à EUR Palasport. Ensuite suivez à pied (500 m) comme indiqué par la ligne rouge sur la carte ou prendre un taxi.

En voiture de la Grande Raccordo Stradale (route de circonvallation).

Conduire de la Grande Raccordo Anulare (G.R.A) suivre la route comme indiqué par la ligne bleue sur la carte.

Ayant été le berceau de la civilisation occidentale et le cœur du catholicisme, Rome possède plusieurs surnoms, dont « la ville éternelle », « Caput Mundi » (capitale du monde) et l’Urbs, ce qui fait de Rome la ville par excellence. Elle a été la capitale du Royaume d’Italie, de la République romaine ainsi que de l’Empire romain, qui a dominé la vie politique et culturelle des territoires longeant la Méditerranée pendant plus de quatre cents ans à partir du Ier siècle av. J.-C. jusqu’au IVème siècle ap. J.-C. Depuis le IIème siècle apr. J.-C, Rome abrite le siège de la papauté et après la fin de la domination byzantine au VIIIème siècle, elle est devenue la capitale des États pontificaux jusque 1870. En 1871 elle est choisie capitale du Royaume de l’Italie et en 1946 de la République de l’Italie. Depuis

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1929 elle est également l’emplacement de la Cité du Vatican, un état-ville indépendant géré par le Pape.

Le Colisée(Colosseo) Construit entre les années 70 ap. J.-C. et 80 ap. J.-C., le Colisée est reconnu au niveau international comme l’un des symboles de Rome. Son nom dérive du Colosse de Néron, une ancienne statue qui se trouve près du bâtiment.

Conçu pour remplacer la Domus Aurea (ou Maison dorée), très impopulaire, sa construction a commencé sous l’empereur Vespasien et fut inaugurée après sa mort en 79 ap. J.-C. par son fils Titus. Plus de 50 000 spectateurs ont pu regarder les combats des gladiateurs mortels et violents. Les spectateurs accédaient par des arcs numérotés dont les chiffres romains sont toujours visibles dans quelques uns. Le Colisée est connu pour avoir être le scenario de concours létales entre l’élite des gladiateurs romains, qui comptait avec des esclaves, des criminels et des prisonniers de guerre.

Ayant cessé d’être utilisé, le Colisée a été longtemps abandonné et il a plus tard été réutilisé comme château privé ou comme siège d’un ordre religieux. Plusieurs pierres ont été réemployées pour la construction d’autres bâtiments. Il a dû aussi faire face à un tremblement de terre dévastateur en 851 avec des dommages considérables.

Tout de même, aujourd’hui des millions de touristes continuent de visiter le Colisée afin de voir l’un des exemples le plus raffiné de l’architecture romaine et d’imaginer la Rome antique tel qu’elle y était lors de son apogée.

Les Forums Impériaux (Fori Imperiali) Les Forums Impériaux occupent une place importante dans le site archéologique s’étendant entre la colline du Capitole et le Colisée. Bien que la plupart de bâtiments soit en ruines, il est possible, avec un peu d’imagination, de prendre beaucoup de plaisir en visitant les Forums.

Les Forums Impériaux sont une série de grandes places entourées de bâtiments majestueux qui ont été construits entre les années 46 av. J.-C. et 113 ap. J.-C. Nombreux empereurs ont ajouté des nouveaux forums, non seulement pour des raisons pratiques mais aussi afin d’être aperçus dans une opti-

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que positive après avoir dépensé de l’argent pour des travaux publiques.

Pendant plusieurs décennies, les forums étaient le centre de la vie civile et des très importantes personnalités se réunissaient afin de débattre de l’économie ou d’autres sujets d’actualité.

Il y avait aussi une place pour la religion, l’administration, l’éducation et même les activités commerciales.

Le Panthéon Le mot « Panthéon » signifie « de tous les dieux » et le bâtiment a vu le jour comme un temple dédié à douze des dieux romains les plus importants. Le Panthéon a été construit vers l’année 125 ap. J.-C. sous l’empereur Hadrien. Il remplace un bâtiment construit précédemment par Agrippa dont le nom est gravé sur le portique. Cette prouesse d’ingénierie doit sa survie au fait qu’elle eût été construite en tant qu’église chrétienne en 609 après avoir été présentée au pape. Les panneaux du portique ainsi que les tuiles, construits en bronze, ont été réquisitionnés par l’empereur Constant II et par le pape Urbain VIII (pour la basilique Saint-Pierre) mais les reste d’empereurs et de papes ont maintenu le bâtiment en bon état et ont adapté son statut religieux. Quelques siècles plus tard, le Panthéon est utilisé comme tombeau d’artistes et de rois, comme Raphaël et Victor Emmanuel II, qui fut le premier roi d’une Italie unie.

L’harmonie du Panthéon est due à ses parfaites proportions, le diamètre du dôme étant égal à son hauteur depuis le sol créant ainsi une sphère parfaite. L’oculus, de 9 mètres de diamètre permet l’entrée de la lumière du jour ce qui permet d’apercevoir la signification spirituelle avec les cieux. Lorsqu’il pleut, l’eau tombe en cascade du toit pour être évacué au sol.

La place d’Espagne (Piazza di Spagna) Cette place est peut être la plus charmante et belle jamais construite pendant la période baroque. Le nom de cet escalier spectaculaire, construit en 1723, tire son nom de l’ambassade espagnole, dont le bâtiment, qui abrite toujours l’ambassade de l’Espagne au Saint-Siège, se trouve près de la place. Il a été construit par Francesco de Sanctis sur demande du pape Innocent XIII et pendant le printemps, des énormes pots d’azalées créent un paysage éblouissant.

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La Place d’Espagne est le scénario une fois par an en été d’un défilé de mode et les escaliers sont employés comme podium et les alentours de la Place d’Espagne sont le siège de nombreuses boutiques prestigieuses comme Prada, Valentino et Gucci, ce qui fait de cette zone un point de départ pour faire du shopping à Rome.

Campo dei Fiori La place nommée « Campo dei Fiori » est connu à Rome parce qu’il fut le lieu où le philosophe Giordano Bruno, accusé d’hérésie, fut brûlé le 17 février 1600 par ordre de l’Inquisition.

L’exécution est commémorée grâce à une statue, construite en 1889 par le sculpteur Ettore Ferrari, sur le Campo dei Fiori par initiative du poète Pietro Cossa. Selon plusieurs personnes, l’origine du nom de la place se trouve dans le fait que l’une des amants de l’empereur Pompée, Flora, ait vécu dans la zone mais il est probable que la place tire son nom de l’aspect d’abandon total de la place, envahie de plantes et des fleurs, au XVème siècle.

Aujourd’hui, le « Campo dei Fiori », au delà du parcours touristique, est l’une des places où Rome dévoile son caractère, déjà au petit matin avec un marché à l’air libre jusqu’à l’aube avec les bars, les restaurants et les trattorie de la zone.

La Place Navone (Piazza Navona) La Place Navone, construite sur les ruines du stade de Domitien (86 av. J.-C.) est actuellement une place destinée au piétons et est ornée de trois fontaines baroques dont la centrale, « la fontaine des Quatre Fleuves », fut conçue par Bernini. Très animée, la place compte avec des restaurants élégants, des magasins de glaces (gelato en italien), des bars et des fréquents spectacles de musique ou d’art. Étant l’une des places la plus touristique de Rome, les bars et les restaurants de la Place Navone encaissent un supplément élevé afin de permettre manger une carbonara en regardant le temps passer.

La fontaine de Trevi (Fontana di Trevi) La fontaine de Trevi est l’un des monuments le plus visité à Rome grâce à son rôle dans le film « La dolce vita » de Fellini puisque c’est ici où Anita Ekberg a pris son bain.

Chaque jour, des milliers de touristes la visitent et jettent une

pièce de monnaie dans l’eau. Ainsi, la fontaine fait chaque année un énorme bénéfice et la plupart de l’argent collecté est envoyée à des œuvres de charité. En 1730, le pape Clément XII décide de remplacer l’ancienne fontaine, conçue en 1453, par une autre plus spectaculaire et demande aux meilleurs artistes de Rome de l’aider avec le projet. La nouvelle fontaine de Trevi est d’une splendeur indéniable. La pièce centrale sculptée en marbre est un grand coquillage tiré par deux chevaux marins tirés à la fois par deux tritons, desquels une majestueuse statue représentant l’océan émerge. Chaque matin, la circulation d’eau est coupée afin de récolter l’argent mais elle est aussi parfois coupée afin de la nettoyer. Une superstition récente affirme que la personne qui jette une monnaie à la fontaine est assurée de revenir à Rome.

Le château Saint-Ange (Castel Sant’Angelo) Le château Saint-Ange est situé sur la rive du Tibre au cœur de Rome près du Vatican.

Construit au départ par l’empereur Hadrien entre les années 123 ap. J.-C. et 139 ap. J.-C. pour être son mausolée. Comme le mausolée d’Auguste, le tombeau cylindrique a été recouvert de statues commémorant ainsi l’empereur et sa dynastie. Il est toujours possible de remonter l’énorme passage en spirale conçue pour l’ascension du cortège funèbre.

Un siècle et demi plus tard, le tombeau fut intégré à la muraille aurélienne et depuis lors l’importance défensive du monument fut démontrée par plusieurs travaux militaires.

Après le Moyen Âge, le château est passé aux mains de plusieurs familles romaines jusqu’à ce que la forteresse fût acquise en 1377 par la papauté. Un passage couvert (le Passetto di Borgo) connecte encore le château Saint-Ange avec le Vatican puisqu’il s’agissait d’une issue de secours pour les papes en cas de danger.

Aujourd’hui, les visiteurs peuvent explorer le patrimoine des trois usages du monument : le passage funéraire d’Hadrien, les remparts défensifs et les ravissantes fresques à l’intérieur.

Parfois pendant l’été il y a des événements nocturnes qu’au passé incluaient des spectacles de guerre médiéval et des récitals de musique folk ainsi qu’un bar sur la plus haute terrasse.

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L’État de la Cité du Vatican Le Vatican est l’état le plus petit au monde ainsi que la résidence du pape. Le caractère du Vatican en tant qu’état souverain dans un autre état a été garanti par les accords du Latran signés en 1929 et caractérisé par la construction de la Via della Conciliazione qui rejoint la Basilique de Saint-Pierre avec le Château Saint-Ange.

Situé sur la rive droite du Tibre, la Cité du Vatican possède ses propres systèmes administratifs et judiciaires, sa poste, sa banque, son journal, sa radio, son supermarché et sa gare.

La Basilique Saint-Pierre (Basilica di San Pietro) Au coeur de la Cité du Vatican se trouve la plus grande conception architecturale catolique au monde où l’on considèré le lieu où se trouve le tombeau de Saint-Pierre. Cette tradition se remonte au IIème siècle ap. J.-C. et a été confirmé en 1959 par le pape Pie XII quand il annonce enfin la découverte du tombeau. Quelques restes humains ont été récupérés mais il a fallu attendre dixhuit ans (1968) pour annoncer qu’il s’aggissait de restes de Saint-Pierre.

La basilique actuelle fut construite au XVIème siècle et remplace l’ancienne église construite au IVème siècle par ordre de l’empereur Constantin.

Ses intérieurs époustouflants contiennent des sculptures importantes comme par exemple, la Pietà, de Michel-Ange. La statue en bronze de Saint-Pierre, d’Arnolfo di Cambio, avec son pied usé par les incessants baisers des pèlerins, se trouve dans l’allée centrale. Il existe des strictes règles vestimentaires et les shorts, les épaules découvertes et les mini jupes sont interdits.

Les Musées du Vatican La collection d’art exposée dans les Musées du Vatican a été rassemblée pendant les cinq derniers siècles. En 1506, le groupe du Laocoon fut la première œuvre d’art achetée par le pape Jules II, ayant été préalablement déterrée dans un vignoble à Rome. La collection a augmenté considérablement depuis lors et les Musées du Vatican sont devenus une visite incontournable à Rome.

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Les Musées du Vatican sont formés par un groupe de palais qui abritent quelques unes des plus grandes œuvres d’art au monde. Parmi les musées se trouve le Musée étrusque, les Chambres de Raphaël et Loggia, le Musée égyptien, et la fameuse chapelle Sixtine, qui est peut être la partie la plus importante de ce vaste ensemble. Les Musées du Vatican sont intégrés dans le Palais du Vatican, qui est la résidence officielle du pape depuis 1377, et possède des plafonds peints, des chapelles et environ 1 400 salles et nombreuses galléries, ce qui représente huit kilomètres d’expositions.

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EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES Daphne Programme. European Comparative Analysis And Knowledge Transfer On Mental Health Resources For Young Offenders (Mhyo) The European Comparative Analysis and Transfer of Knowledge on Mental Health Resources for Young Offenders (MHYO) is an innovative and sustainable project aimed at sharing knowledge and expertise in the field of young offend-ers with mental health (MH) issues; minors who are at the same time offenders and victims of their own mental health and who enter in the vicious circle of delinquency and recidivism.

European Union Member States have to face similar is-sues when dealing with health, social, and justice institu-tions.

The project aims to bring about innovative mechanisms for implementing a change and convergence, which foster all young offenders’ institutions and judicial services across the EU. There is a specific need for local, regional and national mental health institutions within the juvenile justice system in terms of MH resources for young offenders, as well as, mutual cooperation between bodies and agents with common responsibilities.

This project focuses on a common problem: all minors and young offenders with MH issues are placed at the centre of two different systems. On the one hand, the judi-cial system considers him/her as an offender, and on the other, the health system recognises him/her as a victim of a mental health disorder.

Framework Young offenders with mental health issues: a common European problem to be addressed.

Indeed in 2006 with regards to a strategy on men-tal health for the EU, the European Parliament stated that:‘approximately 40% of all prisoners have some form of mental disorder and [....] are up to seven times more likely to commit suicide than people in the community, and inappropriate imprisonment

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can worsen the disorder and [....] rehabilitation’. In fact, young people in detention have an even greater prevalence of poor mental health than adults, with 95% having at least one mental health problem and 80% having more than one (Lader et al., 2000). According to Prison Reform Trust, minors in custody are 18 times more likely to commit suicide than in the community, and most young people who have committed sexual abuse do not receive any treatment for months, and are placed under the supervision of professionals who might have not been trained to manage sexual behaviour issues.

It is recognised that practitioners who work with young offenders need to receive practical mental health guidance to provide appropriate assistance. Moreover, there is a lack of specialised mental health units and measures. Indeed, instead of providing individual resources adaptated to their particular needs through specific units or community therapy, most European countries have institutionalized mental health illness through prisons, juvenile justice or health facilities. An effective liaison between judicial and mentalhealth professionals would develop a multidisciplinary common framework of intervention to prevent recidivism.

Project Global Strategy All partners will analyse the national health and judicial systems for young offenders with mentalhealth disorders aged between 10 and 21 years old. The research findings on comparative analysis of the national legal framework, as well as European good practices, will be the basis of the study. The research will identify the actual treatment strategies for young offenders with mentalhealth needs and more specifically, young sex offenders, in order to promote practical tools and adequate policies that involve children’s mental health and the juvenile justice system.

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Members • Ms. Monika Barciszewska Fundacja Diagrama, Pomoc Psychospoleczna.

Poland.

• Mr. Everhardt Lubbers Work-Wise.

Netherlands.

• Ms. Helena Bolieiro Centre for Judicial Studies.

Portugal.

• Mr. Sebastien Marchand Association Diagrama, Intervention Psychosociale.

France.

• Ms. Sabrina Brutto Don Calabria Institute. Verona. Italy.

• Ms. María Luisa Martínez Pastor Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain

• Mr. Silvio Ciappi Don Calabria Institute. Verona.

Italy.

• Mr. Ignacio Mayoral Narros Director. International School for Juvenile Justice.

Belgium.

• Mr. Cédric Foussard International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO).

Belgium.

• Mr. David McGuire Diagrama Foundation.

United Kingdom.

• Mr. Antonio Gastaldi Mateo Director-General of Justice and Minors of the Regional Ministry of Justice and Public Administration of the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain.

• Ms. Amparo Pozo Martínez Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain

• Dr. Daniel Gorans Child psychiatrist, Head of department, responsible for SHIP (Child Psychiatry Inter-sector Hospitalization Service), Nantes.

France.

• Ms. Agustina Ramos Gutiérrez International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO).

Belgium.

• Ms. Daniela dos Santos International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO).

Belgium.

• Mr. Gillian Jesson Pupil Parent Partnership Ltd. United Kingdom.

• Ms. Irma Van der Veen Work-Wise.

Netherlands.

• Mr. Brian de Lord Pupil Parent Partnership Ltd. United Kingdom.

• Ms. Aline Yamamoto United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of offenders (ILANUD).

Brazil.

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European Programmes

European Programme Drejc: ‘Drug-Related And Juvenile Crime’ Members • Mr. Cédric Foussard

International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO).

Belgium.

• Ms. Andrea Kemper University of Bremen.

Germany.

• Ms. María Luisa Martínez Pastor Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain • Mr. Silvio Masín Don Calabria Institute. Verona.

Italy.

• Mr. Ignacio Mayoral Narros Director. International School for Juvenile Justice.

Belgium.

• Ms. Alessandra Minesso Don Calabria Institute. Verona.

Italy.

• Mr. Helmut Polllaehne University of Bremen.

Germany.

• Ms. Amparo Pozo Martínez Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain • Ms. Mª José Villar Moreno Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial.

Spain.

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The European Project DREJC, financed by the DirectorateGeneral for Justice, Freedom and Security of the European Commission, aims at stimulate, promote and develop multidisciplinary and European methods to strategically prevent juvenile delinquency related to the use of drugs. The goal of the project is to develop an international study, including innovative recommendations on the intervention procedures with youth offenders and drug addicts in the interface between criminal and treatment measures.

Moreover, this initiative aims to face the link between the misuse of psychotropic substances and juvenile crime. The project intends to analyze the phenomenon, individualize and systematize the principles/norms and regulations, sharing the different methodologies of intervention and treatments through the definition of common legal indicators and benchmarfing operating models of intervention with minors.

Based on the analysis of the situation in each parter menmber State, the research study covers the different prevention and rehabilitation intervention and programmes and identifies relevant basic elements to be taken into account when developing European Recommendations, based on the praxis proposed by all partners.

Finally, the evaluation and development of best practices for the protection of children in conflict with the law with drugs misuse is carried out in order to encourage and enhance effective approaches towards the reintegration of young offenders.

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COMITTEES

HONORARY COMMITTEE Members of the Honorary Commitee • Mr. Gianni Alemanno Mayor of Rome Italy

• Ms. Maud Boer-Buquicchio Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe France • Mr. Bernard Boëton Director of the Children’s Rights Department. Foundation Terre des Hommes Switzerland

• Ms. Yanghee Lee Chairperson of the Committee on the Rights of the Child Switzerland • Mr. Juan Fernando López Aguilar Chairman of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affaire of the European Parliament France • Ms. Giorgia Meloni Minister of Youth Italy

• Mr. Elías Carranza Director of the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD) Costa Rica

• Ms. Paula Miraglia Director of International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (ICPC) Canada

• Mr. Stefaan De Clerck Minister of Justice Belgium

• Ms. Eunice Muia Mbuvi President of the African Juvenile Justice Observatory Kenya

• Dr. Carol D. Goodheart President of the American Psychological Association United States

• Mr. Rifat Odeh Kassis Defence for Children International Palestine

• Ms. Imma Guerras Delgado Human Rights Officer. Follow up to the UN Study on Violence against Children. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Switzerland

• Mr. Eugenio Ravinet Muñoz Executive Secretary. Iberoamerican Youth Organization Spain

• Ms. Alison Hannah Executive Director of Penal Reform International United Kingdom

• Mr. Eduardo Rezende Melo Secretary General of the International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates Brazil

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• Ms. Sylvie Rousteau Chairwoman of the European Juvenile Justice Observatory (EJJO). Youth Magistrate. Court of Nantes.

France • Mr. Mario Sepi President of the Economic and Social Committee Belgium • Mr. Eric Sottas World Organisation against Torture Director Switzerland • Mr. Ramón Luis Valcárcel Siso 1st Vice-President of the Committee of the Regions Belgium • Mr. Ronald Woodbridge Chairman of the Latin American Juvenile Justice Observatory (LJJO) Costa Rica • Mr. Jean Zermatten Director of the International Institute of the Rights of the Child (IDE), Sion Vice-Chair of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Switzerland

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COMITTEES

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Presidency of the Organizing Committee

PRESIDENT

CO-CHAIRMAN

Dr. Francisco Legaz

Dr. Alessandro Padovani

Chairman. International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Director. Istituto Don Calabria Italy

Francisco Legaz holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Valencia (Spain), Specialist in Clinical Psychology (Ministry of Education and Science of Spain) and Specialist in Forensic Psychology and Criminology.

Mr. Alessandro Padovani, psychologist and director of Istituto Don Calabria –Comunità S. Benedetto (headquarters of Verone). Expert in child protection and juvenile justice. Honorary Judge in Court of Appeal – Juvenile Section of Venice.

A senior civil servant in the Spanish public administration, he began his professional career in the areas of mental health, drug dependence, prisons and social services. It must be emphasized that his concern for minors and young people in situations of risk or social exclusion has been the central focus of his work over the past 25 years.

He developed an interest in the implementation of intervention programs for the protection and care of adolescents subjected to protection projects. As regards the field of juvenile justice he directed several projects related to restorative justice and social inclusion in Europe and Central America.

As a result of his firm personal commitment in favour of a global juvenile justice without borders, in 2003 he created the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO) as a channel through which to promote a worldwide juvenile justice that is subject to internationally recognized standards and rights in respect of minors and young people in conflict with the law.

He is the author of publications and articles on the models of juvenile justice. He constantly cooperates with public institutions in the field of juvenile justice for local, national and international projects. Expert on social and criminal mediation, that he implemented both in Italy and abroad (e.g.

Colombia).

As the Founding Chairman of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO), he has promoted a wide range of initiatives and innovative approaches in the field of juvenile justice, favouring the comprehensive development of minors and young people at risk of social exclusion. In this context he has worked closely with organizations and entities at international, state, regional and local level.

With an outstanding contribution in the field of research and training, he has coordinated and directed numerous training activities and publications on a national and international level.

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Members of the Organizing Committee

Mr. Cédric Foussard

Director. International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Cédric Foussard holds a Degree in Public Management from the Institute of Political Studies of the University of Aix-enProvence (France) and has a Master’s in International Relations from the Escuela Europea de Negocios (Spain).

He began his professional career in the field of communication as part of the French Diplomatic Corps in the United States and in Uruguay, later joining the European Research Institute in Birmingham (United Kingdom).

In 2005 he took over the leadership of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO), focusing on the promotion of a global approach to a juvenile justice without borders.

In this capacity, he has coordinated different initiatives and projects with the goal of helping the development of a juvenile justice which is tailored to the parameters and minimum standards of international rules.

He has made a notable contribution to strengthening of the exchange of knowledge, experience and good practices, which is carried out by the International Juvenile Justice Observatory, playing an equally outstanding role in dialogue and collaboration with professionals, organizations, administrations, universities and international bodies involved in juvenile justice.

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Ms. Sabrina Brutto

Pedagogue and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager.

Istituto Don Calabria.

Italy Project manager and victim-offender mediator. Referent for the international network of Don Calabria Institute (Verona).

Researcher and planner for specific projects in juvenile criminal area, for different activities and prevention-rehabilitation programmes in juvenile deviance. Coordinator of Equal EC Initiative and other European Programs: AGIS, DAPHNE, Prevention of and fight against crime, Europaid, INTI. Expert in the area of juvenile justice and in the issues connected: Tailored-individualized Project, social-working inclusion, restorative Justice.

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Ms. Cristina Goñi

Director. European Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Cristina Goñi has a degree in Psychology from the University of Salamanca and a Master of Management in Nonprofits Organizations from Fundación Luis Vives and the National University of Distance Education (Madrid).

She has spent most of her career coordinating programs for adolescents and youth socially excluded by working with public and private entities in different regions of Spain. This experience has been developed mainly in the field of management and resource administration and multidisciplinary teams in the field of juvenile justice, protection, immigration, education and community intervention.

For two years she participated in Lisbon in the Program “Escolha”, “Program for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Social Integration” promoted by the Government of Portugal.

She is a member of the European Society of Criminology (ESC). She has participated in European projects and research, as well as organizing various events and meetings in the field of juvenile justice.

In August 2007 she began her collaboration with the International Juvenile Justice Observatory through participation in European projects, research and international events. In 2009 she assumed the leadership of the European Monitoring Centre for Juvenile Justice, from which contributes to the continuing improvement of juvenile justice in Europe, fostering collaboration between governments, universities and NGOs involved with it.

Mr. Ignacio Mayoral

Director. International School for Juvenile Justice Belgium

Ignacio Mayoral is Law graduate and has a Master in Counselling and Family Mediation from the Universidad Pontificia Comillas (Spain). He has also obtained the Diploma in Advanced Studies in the same university. He develops his research in the field of Juvenile Justice through the following areas of study: child protection, juvenile justice, new forms of juvenile delinquency and the situation of foreign children.

He has participated in several national and international research projects, publications and scientific outreach events.

His practice in the field of Juvenile Justice permits him to know the key elements of the answers given by the different models used by countries to address the unlawful behaviour of juveniles and youth.

He is member of the Santander Faculty of Law and Minors Board of Advisors at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas (Spain) and at the European Society of Criminology.

Ignacio Mayoral, as Director of the International School of Juvenile Justice, operates under the commitment of promoting the training of juvenile justice all over the world as a way to contribute to social development of countries.

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COMITTEES

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTE Presidency of the Scientific Committee

PRESIDENT

CO-CHAIRMAN

Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel

Prof. Dr. Lorenzo Picotti

Chair of Department of Criminology.

Faculty of Law and Economics.

Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald Germany Frieder Dünkel, born 1950 in Karlsruhe/Germany, studied law at the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg/Germany.

His Ph. D. in 1979 dealt with an empirical research on the effectiveness of therapeutic treatment in prisons. From 1979 until 1992 he worked as a researcher at the Max-Plank-Institute of Foreign and International Penal Law, Criminological Unit, in Freiburg (with Prof. Günther Kaiser Since 1992 he teaches criminology, penology, juvenile justice, criminal procedure and criminal law at the University of Greifswald in the north-east of Germany. He has widely published in these areas (until 31st August 2010: 33 books and 435 articles, publications in numerous languages).

He has been a member of the Criminological Scientific Council of the Council of Europe 1998-2004, since 2001 as its president. Since 1994 he has co-ordinated several Tempus-projects funded by the European Union. The subject of these projects was the reorganisation of law education in Siberian law faculties, furthermore he co-ordinates Socrates exchange programmes with about 35 universities in Western and Eastern Europe and teaches as guest professor courses in German, English and French in several European universities.

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Professor of Criminal Law. Faculty of Law. University of Verona.

Italia.

Since 1995, Lorenzo Picotti has held the title of Professor of Criminal Law. He currently carries out this role at the University of Verona, where he also coordinates the Research Doctorate in “Business Law and Economy”, is a Member of the Board of Directors of the Faculty of Law, and chairs the university Privacy Commission. He is a member of various associations, including the Association Internationale de Droit Pénale (as a Member of the Scientific Committee and General Secretary of the Italian Group). After graduating in law from the University of Bologna, he entered the Bar at Verona, going on to teach criminal law at the universities of Bologna, Teramo and Trento. He has taken part in numerous international research projects.

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Members of the Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Marcelo Aebi

Director of the European Society of Criminology Switzerland

Alter studied law and became lawyer in Buenos Aires, he moved to Switzerland. Here, at the University of Lausanne, he did his postgraduate and his graduation as a doctor in criminology. In the same university he started his academic career as investigation assistant. Now, he is associate teacher there and at the University Autónoma of Barcelona.

The more important areas of his investigation include: juvenile delinquency, compared criminology, penal measures and sanctions, methodology of research and the relationship between drugs abuse and delinquency. At the same time, he is member of the European Sourcebook of Criminal justice.

He is scientific expert of the Council of Europe, responsible for the Annual Penal Statistics Council of Europe- SPACE. He is, also, executive secretary of the European society of criminology.

Dr. Stefano Amore

Magistrate, adviser for the International Activity on Policies for Youth. Ministry of Youth Italy

He was born in 1963, at Rome. I this city, he made his doctor program in Law, with honors, at the Free University of Social studies (LUISS). After he had joined the judiciary bench, he worked with civil and penal issues in the “Tribunale di Potenza”, becoming later a deputy public prosecutor at the “Tribunale di Reggio”. Since 2001 he is in the Legislative Office of the Ministry of Justice: Currently he is Legal Advisor of the Ministry of Youth, to the international activity on the area.

He had worked with matters such cibercrime, high technology crime, offences against public administration, and environment crimes.

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Comittees. Scientific Committee

Dr. Celso Arango López

Head of Psychiatry at the Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Adolescent Unit Spain

He is head of the psychiatry section, at the “Gregorio Marañón”, on the adolescents unit. He has a PHD in medicine.

More, he is associate professor at the University Complutense of Madrid and he is titular professor of psychiatry on the School of Medicine at the University of Maryland, EEUU. In addition, he is adviser of the EMEA and AEM member of thee executive committee of the ECNPY. He is also adviser of the SIRS committee, and he is coordinate of the “European Child and Adolescent Neuropsychopharmacology Network”.

Dr. Katharina Beclin

Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology Austria She is assistant professor on the Institute for Criminal law and Criminology, at the University of Vienna. Her main researches are: empirical research and statistics relating to criminology, juvenile delinquency, gender studies within criminal law and criminology, especially sexual offences, stalking and domestic violence. She is one of the two national correspondents of Austria to the Organization of Sourcebook project.

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Dr. Greg Berman

Director. Center for Court Innovation United States

Greg Berman is the director of the Center for Court Innovation. Part of the founding team responsible for creating the Center, he has helped guide the organization from start-up to an annual budget of more than $17 million. He previously served as deputy director of the Center and as the lead planner for the Red Hook Community Justice Center. He is the co-author of Good Courts: The Case for Problem-Solving Justice (The New Press, 2005). He has contributed to several other books including Judicial Politics (CQ Press) and Resolving Family Conflicts (Ashgate). In addition, his written work has appeared in ABA Judges Journal (guest editor), Law and Policy, Judicature, New Statesman (UK), The Guardian (UK), National Law Journal, Justice System Journal, Court Review, American Criminal Law Review and other publications. Prior to joining the Center for Court Innovation, he created the New York Common Application, a universal form designed to expedite the foundation grant proposal process for community groups in the New York area. He has also worked in development (New IMrael Fund) and as a freelance journalist (Providence Journal). He is a graduate of Wesleyan University and a former Coro Fellow in Public Affairs.

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Joseph J. Cocozza

National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice United States

Dr. Joseph J. Cocozza is the Director of the National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice (NCMHJJ). The Center is located within Policy Research Associates, Inc., in Delmar, New York where he also serves as the Vice President for Research. Since joining PRA in 1990, he has worked on a number of projects including co-directing The National GAINS Center for People with Co-occurring Disorders in the Justice System and directing the Coordinating Center for the federally supported, Women and Violence Study for women with co-occurring disorders.

Prof. Dr. Dominique de Fraene

President of The Criminology Institute University Libre of Brussels Belgium

Dominique De Fraen is professor of criminology at the Université Libre of Brussels and director of the Criminological Research Center of the ULB. Specialist on juvenile delinquency, he is currently leading various empirical researches on quantitative measurement of these deviations (self-report studies), their qualitative changes over time (working on court records) as well as the social reaction (institutions of confinement, restorative justice, teaching practices of treatment).

Dr. Cocozza, a leading national expert on juvenile justice/ mental health issues, established the NCMHJJ in 2001 to foster the awareness of the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system and to assist the field in developing improved policies and programs based on the best available research and practice. As Director of the NCMHJJ, Dr. Cocozza has overall responsibility for all NCMHJJ projects. He has also directed the Center’s National Policy Academies. In addition, Dr. Cocozza served as the Principal Investigator for the Center’s multi-state study of the prevalence of mental health problems among justice-involved youth, which was supported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Dr. Cocozza had held a number of policy-oriented researches, academic and administrative positions over his career. He has served as Executive Director and Director of Research at the New York State Council on Children and Families where he worked with the Governor’s Office, legislators and state commissioners to develop major state initiatives aimed at promoting more effective and better integrated services, and with the New York State Office of Mental Health where he conducted research. Dr. Cocozza received his doctorate in Sociology in 1975 and has authored a number of professional publications and reports.

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Dr. Rosario De Luca

President of Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine - Consulenti del Lavoro (National Council of Order - Job Consultants) Italy Rosario De Luca is a Lawyer, President of Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine - Consulenti del Lavoro (National Council of Order - Job Consultants). Freelancer since 1981. From 1999 to 2005 member of the Scientific Committee in the Re0search Center of the National Council of Labour Counsellors. From 1999 to 2003 Mayor Auditor for the Regional Order of Journalists (Calabria). From 1996 to 2003 Coordinator Editorial of the Journal "Counselling and Society”. For several years (from 1991 to 1999 ) he has been President of the Regional Council of the joint union ANCL (National Association of Labour Counsellors) in Calabria. He is a contributor to Italia oggi and Il Sole 24 Ore. Author of the book “Comunicare le professioni”, June 2010.

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Dr. Jaap E Doek

Emeritus professor of Law (Family and Juvenile Law) at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. Former chairperson of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

Netherlands He is a professor of Family and Juvenile Law at the the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, since 2004. Currently he is a deputy justice in the Court of Appeal of Amsterdam and he has been a juvenile court judge in the district court of Alkmaar and the Hague from 1978 to 1985. Emphasize the facto of he has been a member of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), from 1999 to 2007, and a chairperson of that Committee, from 2001 to 2007. He is connected with many organizations. So he is, currently, the chairperson of Aflatoun, Child Savings International (since December 2006), an International NGO promoting Social and Financial Education for Children (Amsterdam) , a member of the Advisory Committee of the Innocenti Research Centre of UNICEF in Florence , a member of the Board of Trustees of the African Child Policy Forum (Ethiopia): He is also an advisor/ consultant involved in among others activities of the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the UN on Children and Armed Conflict, the regional office of UNICEF for East and Southern Africa. And he was one of the funding members of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN).

EN IT ES FR

Mr. Francisco Estrada

Director of the Minor’s National Service (SENAME) Chile

He is a lawyer that took the functions of director of the SENAME on March of 2010. This service has the tasks of care about the vulnerable and on social risk children, of apply in a correct way the penal responsibility law to adolescents infrators, and make programs of reinsertion and rehabilitation of them.

He is taking a master’s Degree in Children and Adolescent Law at the University of Diego Portales. Between 2007/2008, he represented the Chile State on periodic presentations of informations at the Rights Committee of UNO. He also worked on the justice ministry from 2004 till 2008. He was the director of the foundation “Tierra de Esperança”, before assuming his current role as director of the SENAME.

Dr. Rafael Forcada Chapa

Psychiatrist of the educative centre for youth offenders 'Pi I Margall' with psychological disorders. Foundation Diagrama. Region of Valencia.

Spain.

Doctor specialist in Psychiatry and Master in Drug Dependency, University of Valencia. Since 1989 he works in the field of treatment of addictive disorders. Since 2004, he works in therapeutic intervention in young offenders.

Dr. Vicente Garrido Genovés

Creativity Institute and Educative Innovations. University of Valencia Spain

Vicente Garrido is professor of Pedagogy and Criminology at the University of Valencia. Throughout his career, he has been developing an important research work related to delinquency and violent personality. He is part of several editorial committees of Spanish and foreign reviews. He’s work on treatments programmes in Centres for Minors and Prisons has been a source of inspiration for many professionals in innovative areas of sexual and violent delinquency.

He has also worked, as a consultant, for the security services in solving criminal cases, developing psychological profi les. Through his publications “Amores que matan” and “Cara a cara con el psicópata” he has oriented the interested public on violence against women, in particular on the aggressor characteristics, while highlighting prevention patterns to avoid getting involved in violent affective relations.

Among his latest publications, you can fi nd “Los hijos tiranos: el syndrome del emperador “ (2005). In this book, he develops howviolence comes up in childhood today, and how we can prevent this worrying tendency in our society.

After this publication, he also published in 2007 “Antes que sea tarde:la prevención de la tiranía de los hijos”. His book “Criminology Principles” is a Manual consulted in many Universities in Spain and South America.

Vicente Garrido has worked as consultant for United Nations, developing the juvenile delinquency prevention programme.

He holds the Cruz de San Raimundo de Peñafort, granted by the Ministry of Justice “for his contribution to a more human and efficient Justice” .

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Mr. Christopher Gowen

Responsible of the Juvenile at the American Bar Association United States

He belongs to the senior staff Attorney of the American bar Association (ABA), on the Criminal Justice Section. He is one of the editors and writers of its newsletter section. He also belongs to the juvenile justice Committee. In this condition, he participates on several debates and conferences about juvenile justice.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Grisso

University of Massachusetts Medical School United States Dr. Grisso is Professor of Psychiatry, Director of Psychology, and Director of the Law-Psychiatry Program at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. His research interests include clinical forensic assessment in criminal and juvenile cases, developmental issues in juvenile law, mental health needs of youths in the juvenile justice system, and risk of violence in adults and youths with mental disorders. Now he focuses his research on forensic mental health issues in juvenile justice. He has now as objective to understand how to improve the identification and provision of mental health services to youths as they enter the juvenile justice system.

He would like to know how to improve juvenile court clinicians’ evaluations of youths pertaining to protection of constitutional rights. And he wants to create models and standards for criminal and juvenile court clinical evaluation services.

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Dr. Jürgen Hillmer

Senator for Justice and Constitution, Expert in Juvenile Justice land of Bremen Germany

At pair of his career as senator, he is professor on the Law Faculty at the University of Bremen. He is coordinate of programs and relationships European. He also coordinates the Reintegration of ex offenders Community of Practice (ExoCop). This network has the objective of development and extension of a European learning network focused on the exchange, transfer and standardisation of expertise (knowledge, experiences, concepts, forms of organisations etc) amongst the participating Member States. The aim is the development of a joint strategy to improve the conditions necessary for the successful reintegration of ex-offenders at regional, national and European level.

Prof. Dr. Denis Köhler

Dean of Studies Childhood Education and Master Social Work. Head of Studies Forensic Social Sciences. Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences.

SRH University of Applied Sciences Heidelberg.

Germany Denis Köhler is a Professor of Psychology and has worked as a forensic psychologist in a juvenile prison and a clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry in Germany for several years. He is a licensed clinical psychologist and supervisor.

Denis Köhler has published several international papers and books (in German) on personality, psychopathy, severe violent crimes, juvenile delinquency and mental disorders.

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Ursula Kilkelly

Lecturer at the University College Cork, Faculty of Law. Chairperson of the Irish Penal Reform Trust and founder member of the Irish Youth Justice Alliance. Ireland Ursula Kilkelly is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University College Cork in Ireland where she is co-director of the Centre for Criminal Justice and Human Rights. She is Director of the LLM (Criminal Justice) at on which she teaches Juvenile Justice. She has researched and published widely in the areas of children's rights and youth justice and is author of The Child and the European Convention on Human Rights (1999), Youth Justice in Ireland (2006) and Children’s Rights in Ireland: Law, Policy and Practice (2008).

Her research in youth justice focuses on youth courts, detention and international standards in youth justice, and she has worked in these areas for the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Mr Thomas Hammarberg, among others. She was Chairperson of the Irish Penal Reform Trust from 2007-2010 and is a founding member of the Irish Youth Justice Alliance.

Dr. Federico de Montalvo Jääskeläinen

Member of the Santander Law and Minors Chair and Doctor in Constitutional Law at the University Pontificia de Comillas in Madrid Spain Mr. Federico de Montalvo Jääskeläinen holds a Phd in Law from Universidad Pontificia Comillas (ICADE). He has been awarded a special prize for best dissertation from the Faculty of Law. He is Specialist in Healthcare Law, Pharmaceutical Law, Constitutional Law, Civil Liability and Property and Insurance Law. Besides, he has been lecturer of Constitutional Law at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas (ICADE) since 1997. Previously he was lecturer at the Universidad Carlos III and Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Escuela Ramon Carande). Director and lecturer on the course ‘Specialist in Healthcare Law’, at the Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Continuing Education, Universidad Pontificia Comillas (ICADE), Madrid. He is a regular contributor to several publications specializing in Health Law (Diario Médico, Médico Interactivo, etc.). He has co-authored several books and articles on Health Law and Constitutional Law. Finally, he is a frequent speaker and panel member at National Conferences specialising in Medical and Health Issues.

Mr. Clément Laporte

Responsible, Expert’s Center of Juvenile delinquency, Juvenile Center of the Montréal University Institute Canada He has a PHD in criminology, being expert in juvenile delinquency. He had made interventions on the young centers of Montreal: And he had integrated the advice commission to the new young penal law, in Canada. Currently, he is director of the Expert center about juvenile delinquency (CEDJ) Center of young’s Montreal – University Institute. Where, he developed an important work about gangs and delinquency.

He received the Tribute prize in 2009, from the Quebec Society of criminology.

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Prof. Gary O'Reilly

School of Psychology, University College Dublin.

Ireland

Gary O' Reilly is a senior lecturer at the UCD School of Psychology. He is also the deputy director of the Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology. He has a part-time appointment as a principal clinical psychologist at the Children's University Hospital Temple Street, Dublin. He has developed a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook for children and adolescents which is available free-of-charge to people working in clinical settings. It can be accessed by e-mail request.

Please see www.juvenilementalhealthmatters.com for further details. He has co-edited a number of books including The Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Clinical Psychology Practice (2007) and The Handbook of Clinical Intervention with Young People who Sexually Abuse (2004).

Dr. Serenella Pesarin

General Director. General Direction for the implementation of judicial provisions. Department for Juvenile Justice. Ministry of Justice Italy.

Serenella Pesarin was born in Roma on the 26th of January 1950 and has three sons. Socio-psychologist, she has specialised in many psycho-socio-educational areas and in communication processes. She has been Professor of General Psychology and Developmental and Education Psychology at the University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. She has been Professor of General Psychology at the LUMSA - Libera UniversitĂ Maria SS. Assunta - of Rome, where she currently holds the post of Professor in Social Psychology. She held numerous conferences and lectures regarding the juvenile area at several Universities on the national territory, including, for instance, the Catholic University of Milan, UniversitĂ degli Studi Roma Tre, the University of Naples Federico II. On the operational side she has been Director of the Juvenile Criminal Institutes of Catanzaro and Turin and Director of the Center for Juvenile Justice in Calabria and Basilicata and in Piedmont and Val d'Aosta.

Since December 2004 she is General Director of the Direction for the implementation of judicial provisions of the Department for Juvenile Justice. She cooperates with Ministries, Agencies, Associations and other bodies in planning and implementation of activities aimed at protecting and safeguarding the minors subject to provision of the Judicial Authority, as well as at ensuring them opportunities for recovery, social and rehabilitation paths and vocational training.

She is member of many organizations, including the National Observatory for Children and Adolescents and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. She is speaker at national and international Conferences and intervenes on television and radio broadcasts concerning the issues of adolescent disorders and delinquency. She writes books and collaborates in the drafting of publications related to the theme of minors and all problems connected.

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EN IT ES FR

Dr. Marie Rose Moro

Professor in child and adolescent psychiatry at the UniversitĂŠ Paris Descartes France Head of Service of the House of adolescents Cochin House Solenn (AP-HP) in Paris. Current head of the ethnopsychoanalysis and transcultural psychiatry in France.

She was born in Spain but it was in France that she done all her studies, and became psychiatrist of babies, children and teenagers. And she became psychoanalyst of the Psychoanalytical Society of Paris. Currently she is professor of psychiatry of children and teenagers at the University Descartes of Paris. At the same time, she is, since 2001, chief of the psychiatry services to children and teenagers at he Hospital of Avicenne. In addition, she is chief of service the Houses to teenagers in Cochin and Solenn: She also created one, in 2004-Casita. Her main research topics are: the transcultural situation- the effects on babies, infants, adolescents and families; PTSD in babies, infants and adolescents; and parents-early infants interactions.

Dr. Eila S. Sailas

Hospital for children and adolescents.

Helsinki. HUS. Finland.

As a medical doctor he published, in collaboration with an others authors, the books: Mental disorders in prison populations aged 15-21: national register study of two cohorts in Finland and The mortality of young offenders sentenced to prison and its association with psychiatric disorders: a register study.

The institution where he works, also known as STAKES, is an expert agency whose key functions are research, development and statistics. The STAKES field of research is the social welfare and health care: It provided information in many topics as: health services, social services, welfare policy, living conditions, childhood and family, disability, mental health, and alcohol and drugs.

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Prof. Dr. Víctor Sancha Mata

Chief of Juvenile Offenders Service.

Ministry of Health and Social Policy in Spain. Director Magazine "Children, Youth and Law".

Spain

Psychologist of the Technical Penitentiary Institutions Unit.

Former director of the prison psychiatric hospital. Former Head of research department of the School for Prison Studies. Former Associate Professor, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Former deputy secretary of the board of the official school psychologists. Former Director of Programmes of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, former vice president of legal psychology section of the Official College of Psychologists. Module Coordinator "psychology of crime" in legal psychology master UNED. Module Coordinator of Juvenile Offenders Under the expert university at risk of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Coordinator of postgraduate modules in the UCA (Argentina) Saarland (Germany), Forensic psychology (COP of Madrid). Evaluator for the National Agency for prospectively. Teacher-coordinator of the School of Legal Studies. Visiting Professor, University of the Basque Country, Santiago de Compostela, Andalucía, Valencia, Coimbra, Center for Legal Studies (Generalitat de Catalunya), Institute of Criminology in Madrid, Spain. Author of eight books on psychology of crime, prison psychology and psychology of young offenders and some sixty articles on the same topic. Ex-director of the directory of legal psychology of the COP and "Prison Notebooks" association officials.

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Prof. Dr. Francisco Tortosa Gil

Vice Chancellor for Academic Organization and Quality. Valencian International University. Director of the PRECOVIR Research Group.

University of Valencia.

Spain Dr. Francisco Tortosa Gil is Professor of Basic Psychology, currently Vice Chancellor for Academic and Quality in the Valencian International University and Director of the PRECOVIR Research Group at the University Institute for Research in Traffic and Road Safety at the University of Valencia. He was also Vice President for University Outreach and Relations with the Society of the University of Valencia, of the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Valencia and Chairman of the Spanish Faculties of Psychology’s Dean Conference.

He has directed over 40 research projects in national and European public announcements. He has directed more than 30 doctoral theses. He has chaired a dozen international conferences and has served on more than 40 scientific committees in national and international congresses. He has signed more than 150 articles in national and international journals, more than 30 books and over 100 book chapters.

He has received awards from various entities. He is assessor of more than 30 prestigious journals and he is part of the scientific committee of more than 20 journals, both domestic and foreign.

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Anita Wilson

Prison ethnographer, Director.

European Prison Education Association (EPEA) United Kingdom

She is professor and researcher on the Literacy Research Centre, and on the Linguistics Department, at the Lancaster University. She holds a PHD “Reading a Library - Writing a Book - The Significance of Literacies for the Prison Community'�, that she took on the same university. Recently, he finished a Spencer Post-Doctoral Fellowship (USA) which looked at how policy and practice impacts on the efficacy of prison education as it is 'lived out' on a day to day basis.

She is a prison ethnographer who has worked with people in prison for almost 20 years. And, who is the Chairperson of the Steering committee, at the EPEA. This NGO has as aim the promotion and develop of education and related activities in prisons throughout Europe in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of Europe.

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COMITTEES

CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Members of the Conference Secretariat

Ms. Daniela Dos Santos

International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Daniela Fazenda dos Santos holds a Degree in English Language Teaching and German from the University of Aveiro (Portugal), having obtained the qualification of Diploma of Advanced Studies from the University of Salamanca (Spain).

At present she is carrying out her doctorial thesis in collaboration with the University of Salamanca’s K Sigma research group, on the subject of Educational Technology.

She has done coordination work on skills-recognition and validation courses for Portugal’s Institute of Employment and Vocational Training and has also carried out planning on projects for developing leadership competences in the European initiative EQUAL. With the IJJO, she has commenced work on the management of European and international research projects, also collaborating in the development of the International School for Juvenile Justice.

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Mr. Joaquín García de la Calle International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Joaquín García holds a Degree in Computer Science from the University of Salamanca (Spain) and a Master’s in Information and Communications Technology Management from the Escuela de Organización Industrial (Spain).

He began his professional career as a programmer analyst in the new technologies sector, later joining the Salamanca Chamber of Commerce as head of the IT department. Since taking up his post at the International Juvenile Justice Observatory, he has carried out the administration, implementation, coordination and supervision of activities necessary for fully supporting and efficiently managing the IJJO’s information technology resources, thereby strengthening one of the organization’s key areas.

EN IT ES FR

Ms. María Teresa Pérez Martín International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

María Teresa Pérez Martín holds a Doctorate in Law from the University of Strasbourg (France) and a Master’s in European Law from the University of Salamanca (Spain). Her doctoral thesis was carried out in the framework of a European Union Marie Curie fellowship and was published in 2001.

In her professional career, highlights include her consultancy work for the United Nations and national and regional governments, her teaching work at the University of Strasbourg and her publications on European and international policies.

At the International Juvenile Justice Observatory, she promotes the IJJO’s relations with public administrations, nongovernmental organizations, universities and international bodies involved in juvenile justice, with a view to strengthening the mission and objectives of the IJJO.

Ms. Agustina Ramos Gutiérrez International Juvenile Justice Observatory Belgium

Agustina Ramos holds a Degree in Psychology from the University of Salamanca (Spain) and is a specialist in systemic and family therapy. She began her work in the field of intervention with minors in conflict with the law and in vulnerable situations in England. She has also been involved in social-skills programmes and social and labour integration programmes offered by penitentiary institutions.

At the International Juvenile Justice Observatory, she coordinates the management and production of resources and document collections, as well as contributing to the promotion of projects and information exchange between the experts and specialists connected to the IJJO.

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Ms. Alessandra Minesso Istituto Don Calabria Italy

Pedagogist, experiences as educator with minors and psychiatric adults. Teacher by EFS Course on the issue: “The work inclusion of person in situation of disease”.

Since 2006 works by Istituto don Calabria, Comunità San Benedetto first as educator by diurnal open centre targeted to minors aged between 6-12 years and then as project assistant at national and international level on the issue of minors’ guardianship and juvenile justice.

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EN IT ES FR

SPEAKERS (Alphabetical Order by Surname)

Ms. Yvonne Adair.

Assistant Director and Project Manager of the Priority Youth Offender Project.

Youth Justice Agency.

Ireland.

Yvonne Adair worked as a Probation Officer and Manager for over 20 years. Almost 7 years ago, she took up post as Assistant Director with the Youth Justice Agency. This coincided with the introduction of Youth Restorative Justice Legislation in Northern Ireland.

Her current post involves managing the Priority Youth Offender Project. This deals specifically with the most serious and persistent young offenders, a significant number of whom have the dual diagnosis of mental health and drug/alcohol misuse.

Dr. Antonio Andrés Pueyo

Professor and Ph.D. in Personality and Criminal Psychology.

Spain.

Ph.D. in Personality and Criminal Psychology Professor at the Barcelona University. Director of the “Advanced Research Group in Violence (GEAV)” specialized in Violence Prediction and Prevention in Adult and youth offenders. Technical advisor of the Justice Department in Catalonia for Violence Management.

Mr. Olivio Argenti.

Photograper Italy

Born in Italy in 1955, he migrates at the end of high school to the UK where he graduates in Economics (University of London, 1981) and in Agricultural Economics (University of Oxford, 1982). He lives for six years in Ecuador and Venezuela and two years in Algeria. He returns to Italy in 1990 to work in Rome as an Agricultural Economist. He has travelled to more than fifty countries. He starts taking photographs in 1995 to illustrate technical publications and his interest for photography becomes a passion. His projects include: a street-photography project “Traits d’union” in Tunisia; “Losers of a forgotten conflict”, a reportage in Azerbaijan and Armenia on refugees from the Nagorno-Karabakh; a reportage in Peru “Atrapados [No way out] - Family violence and juvenile deviant behaviour in Lima” (2005-2008), which combines photographic images with testimonials written by boys and girls met in gangs, drug-rehabilitation centres, family houses and prisons; and “Wrestlers and Wrestling”, a personal view on the world of Olympic wrestling (20062008). He has received international awards and has published three books. His work has been exhibited in China, Colombia, Italy, Peru, Switzerland and Tunisia. He is “Fellow” of the Royal Photographic Society (FRPS) of the United Kingdom.

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Mr. Damien Bael

Coordinator of care routes in the Court of Justice of Mons Belgium

Coordinator of care routes in the Court of Justice of Mons.

Belgium. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in psychopedagogy and a master’s degree in clinical psychology. He specialized in Family Therapist and he is a trainer in Network Therapeutic Work.

Ms. Helena Bolieiro.

Centre for Judicial Studies.

Portugal.

Helena Bolieiro holds a Degree in Law from the University of Coimbra (Portugal). She has Post-Graduate Studies on Protection of Minors from the University of Coimbra and PostGraduate on Interventions with Families from the University of Lisbon. Ms. Bolieiro began her work at the Centre for Judicial Studies (CEJ), Lisbon. In 1999, she started to work as a Judge of the Family and Minors Court, Ponta Delgada (Portugal). Since 2003, Ms. Bolieiro is a Trainer of Family and Children’s Law at the Centre for Judicial Studies (CEJ), Lisbon. In 2005 she began to work as a Project Coordinator in the Department for International Relations, CEJ. In 2006, she started to work as a Coordinator of Family and Children’s Law Studies at CEJ.

Dr. Michel Botbol.

Psychiatrist, Department of Judicial Youth Protection, Ministry of Justice.

France.

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Dr. Raffaele Bracalenti

Psychoanalyst. President of Istituto Psiconalitico per le Ricerche Sociali - IPRS (Psychoanalytic Institute for Social Research).

Italy Raffaele Bracalenti. President ,since 2002, of the Psychoanalytic Institute for Social Research (IPRS) in Rome. Since 1995 Member of the Board of IFoS at Institute for Social-Medical Training and Research - University of Sannio(BN). Since 1993 Member of the Scientific Committee of the National Observatory on Xenophobia at National Observatory on Xenophobia. Since 1986 Member of the Board of Directors of the Psychoanalytic Association “Psicoanalisi Contro” and deputy director of the journal Psicoanalisi Contro (Rome), at the Psychoanalytic Institute for Social Research in Rome.

Research Grants: in 2008 Coordinator of the project “Real Rome, Plural Rome”, promoted by the City of Rome; Coordinator of the project “Activity of the Support Committee for Unaccompanied Minors promoted by the Ministry of Social Solidarity, General Management of Immigration; Coordinator of the Project “Forgery: Security and Urbanity” promoted by the Ministry of the Interior - Department of Public Safety, Office of the Educational Institutes; in 2007 Coordinator of the project “The Conduction of International Seminars on Victim Offender Mediation at the CEUS in Nisidia” promoted by the Ministry of Justice - Department of Juvenile Justice; Coordinator of the project “Regional observatory on Urban Security for the Promotion, Programming, Coordination, and Monitoring of Interventions” promoted by the Campania Region – Office of City Security.

Recent publications: R. Bracalenti, G. Bolaffi, P. Braham, S. Gindro, The Dictionary of Race, Culture and Ethnicity, Sage Publications, London, 2002; Bracalenti R., I minori immigrati in Europa e in Italia, for the Meeting on “Migrations. The movements of populations in XXI century, by Agenzia Romana per la preparazione del Giubileo, 2000; Bracalenti R., Rossi C. (a cura di), Immigrazione. L’accoglienza delle culture, dalla scuola ai mass-media esempi concreti di intercultura, EdUP, Roma 1998; Bracalenti R., Balestrieri A., Controlli sanitari alla frontiera, in Bolaffi G., Gindro S., Tentori T.(a cura di) Dizionario delle diversità. Le parole dell’immigrazione, del razzismo e della xenofobia, Edizioni Liberal, Roma 1998.

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Bruno Brattoli.

Head of Department for Juvenile Justice.

Ministry of Justice.

Italy.

Ms. Sabrina Brutto.

Pedagogue and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager. Istituto Don Calabria.

Italy.

(See Organizing Committee)

Dr. Cristina Calle

International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates (IAYFJM) Italy Psychologist, psychotherapist and criminologist. Private practice since 1982.

Technical judicial consultant registered in the official roll of the Court of Milan. She has broad experience in dealing with juvenile deviance in the area of judicial institutions, having worked as a consultant Psychologist for the Juvenile Penal Institute of Milan from 1994 to 2001 and as Lay Judge of the Juvenile Court of Milan since 2001.

Dr. Elías Carranza

Director of the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD) Costa Rica Elias Carranza, 68, graduated in Philosophy, with studies in criminal law, Director of the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders ILANUD. He worked for 46 years in crime and criminal justice; he excelled by his work in criminal sociology, criminal policy, prisons and juvenile justice. For 14 years he worked in Argentina as a researcher in the magistrate’s court, as a professor in the social work degree, and as an instructor at the Commission of Inquiry into Maltreatment and Torture of the Honorable Legislature of the Province of Santa Fe, and 32 years ago he works in Latin America for the ILANUD based in Costa Rica. His work at the regional institute of the United Nations has been very important to introduce the perspective of the countries of the region in the drafting of the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules), the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, he has also been important for ensuring the adequacy of national laws to these human rights instruments and promoting its implementation.

Lecturer of the course “The role and function of psychology in the institutions of juvenile justice” for the School of specialization in Psychology at Università Bicocca di Milano, 2001 – 2009. She’s the author of over 30 publications on juvenile antisocial behaviour.

She is currently supervisor of several adolescents’ communities and holds training courses to members of local social services.

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Speakers

Mr. Silvio Ciappi

Professor of criminology and consultant of Istituto Don Calabria Italy.

Silvio Ciappi, graduated in Law and Psychology, PhD in clinical criminology, was Judge at the Youth Court in Florence, Italy. He is a professor of criminology at Pontifical University of Rome and work as consultant of Don Calabria Association in Verona, Italy. He was visiting scholar in many university istitutions, expecially in US and Canada. He is also expert of the European Union on narcotrafic and terrorism, for which he spent period of stays in South America and Africa. He wrote more than 100 scientific articles including 12 books (some of them with internationally traslated, among wich, La Nueva Penalidad, Universidad Externado, Bogotà, Colombia, Profiling Hackers, CIC, Miami, USA).

Mr. Luigi Citarella

Committee on the Rights of the Child.

Switzerland.

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Ms. Elizabeth Clarke.

President Juvenile Justice Initiative.

United States.

Elizabeth Clarke, J.D., is currently the founder and President of the Juvenile Justice Initiative (www.jjustice.org), a statewide advocacy organization to promote rational and effective juvenile justice policies in Illinois. Prior to launching the Juvenile Justice Initiative, Ms. Clarke served as Juvenile Justice Counsel for the Office of the Cook County Public, and as Legislative Liaison and Juvenile Justice Coordinator in the Office of the State Appellate Defender. She obtained her J.D. from DePaul University College of Law, in Chicago, Illinois.

Ms. Clarke is a gubernatorial appointee and Chair of the newly created Advisory Board for the Dept of Juvenile Justice, appointee to the Redeploy Illinois Partnership, appointee to the Children’s Mental Health Partnership, member of the Legislative Committee and past chair of the Juvenile Justice Committee of the Illinois State Bar Association, current co-chair of the Midwest Juvenile Defender Center, current co-chair of the National Juvenile Justice Network, past chair of the Midwest Coalition of Juvenile Justice, past chair of the Legislative Committee of the Illinois Attorneys for Criminal Justice, as well as a past gubernatorial appointee to the Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission. She has authored numerous articles, including the chapter on Appellate Review in the IICLE Juvenile Law Handbook, and a detailed study of the Illinois juvenile transfer provisions published in the National Journal of the Juvenile and Family Court Judge’s Association. She has been honored by the National Coalition for Juvenile Justice, the Illinois Public Defender Association, the Illinois Probation Association, the Illinois Attorneys for Criminal Justice, the Illinois State Bar Association, and was named a “Champion for Change” in 2009 by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation’s Models for Change Initiative.

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Joe Cocozza

National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice.

United States.

Ms. Elisabetta Colla

Department of Juvenile Justice - Studies, research and international activities section.

Italy.

Graduate in philosophy and pedagogy at the University of Rome La Sapienza (with 110/110 cum laude), she works as Educational Intervention Expert and Researcher Senior at the Study, Research and International Activities Bureau of the Italian Juvenile Justice Department (Ministry of Justice). She worked in the juvenile prison of Florence and, since 1995, she has been involving in many national and European research, projects and meeting, dealing with the delinquency and risocialization of young people. She is member of the scientific review’s board: New Experiences of Juvenile Justice and she get a specialization in Social Journalism, Development Education and Cultural Complexity. As an expert of the Ministry of Justice, she published several parts of report and scientific articles on deviance and social problems, juvenile prisons, foreigners and women with justice problems, educational programs, also participating as a speaker in a number of national and international meetings in Europe. She hold lessons in the Trento’s Master on the Juvenile rights protection in Europe and she has been teaching in training cours organized from the Municipality of Rome for training Peace makers for the local governance.

She is member of the Italian Steering Group involved in the European Crime & Prevention Network (EU.C.P.N.)

Dr. András Csúri

Senior Researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law Germany Dr. András Csúri (1977) accomplished his doctoral thesis on “Criminal law issues regarding young adulthood” at the University of Szeged (Hungary) where he has given courses on criminal law and juvenile law for eight years. Since 2008 he works as a senior researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg (Germany). His main research concentrates on comparative law (International Max Planck Information System for Comparative Criminal Law), on European criminal law (Project on the future competences of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office; Co-editor of the Journal EUCRIM) and on juvenile justice (especially Young Adults). In the field of juvenile justice he published several articles in Hungary and Germany. In 2007 the comparative findings of his study on the “Regulations of young adulthood in Europe” were awarded the first prize in the section of economics and law by the Regional Section of the Hungarian Academics of Science. He gave guest lectures at the University of Cologne (Germany) and Krakow (Poland) and helps the work of UNICEF Hungary as a volunteer.

Mr. Yves Darnaud.

Director of closed educational Centre France.

Prof. Dr. Jenneke Christiaens

Department of Criminology. Free University of Brussels Belgium

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Speakers

Dr. Rosario De Luca

President of Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine - Consulenti del Lavoro (National Council of Order - Job Consultants) Italy (See Scientific Committee)

Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel

Chair of Department of Criminology.

Faculty of Law and Economics.

Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald Germany (See Scientific Committee)

Mr. Donald DeVore.

Secretary of the Maryland Department of Juvenile Services.

United States.

On March 1, 2007 Governor Martin O’Malley administered the oath of office to Donald W. DeVore to become Maryland’s Secretary of Juvenile Services. Preceding his appointment as Secretary, Mr. DeVore was employed as Director of Juvenile Services for the State of Connecticut, appointed by Governor Jodi Rell in June 2004.

Secretary DeVore’s career spans 30 years with a demonstrated dedication to the successful advancement of children’s issues. In 1972, the Secretary started at the ground level as a Child Care Worker in a detention center and has worked throughout the child care continuum.

In 1995, Pennsylvania’s Governor Tom Ridge appointed DeVore as a Commissioner with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency where he served until 2001.

DeVore also served as Executive Director of Pennsylvania’s Montgomery County Youth Center from 1975-1993, which provided detention diagnostic and shelter services. For twelve years, DeVore served as President of the Pennsylvania Juvenile Detention Centers Association where he articulated the State’s first set of Performance Based Standards for Juvenile Facilities.

Secretary DeVore has served extensively throughout the United States as a Federal Monitor and Expert Witness reforming Juvenile Justice Standards and Practices. He was appointed by the Federal Courts to Monitor systems in Connecticut, Oregon and Maryland and has consulted with the United States Department of Justice on Civil Rights Investigations of the Juvenile Justice System. Secretary DeVore also has worked with some of the United States most highly regarded Foundations and Advocacy Groups on Children’s issues including; The Youth Law Center, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Children’s Rights and many others. Secretary DeVore is a Veteran of the United States Air Force from 1967-71.

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EN IT ES FR

Dr. Douglas Durán.

Criminologist. Judge. Juvenile Justice Expert.

Collaborator of the Latin American Juvenile Justice Observatory (LJJO).

Costa Rica He graduated with honours from the Master in Criminology of the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium), concluding his studies with a thesis on Juvenile Criminal Law. He has cooperated with ILANUD and UNICEF in several legal reform processes regarding children and adolescents which took place in Mexico, Central America and Panama.

He has been a professor at, among many others, the University of Costa Rica, the University of Cadiz and the Central American university of El Salvador and he is the director of the Master in Criminology at the State University for Distant Learning of Costa Rica.

He is a member of the Scientific Commission of the International Criminology Society, Reporter of the Permanent Committee of Latin America for the Revision and Update of the UN Minimum Rules for the Treatment of prisoners and Director of the Project to improve juvenile criminal systems in Central America of ILANUD.

Dr. Nicoletta Faccenda

Psychologist and therapist. Centro Salute Mentale – Distretto Sanitario XX – ASL Roma E (Mental Health Center Health District XX - ASL Rome E).

Italy Member of the Italian Society of Psychoanalysis (SPI); Member of the Italian Society of Psychosomatic Medicine; Member of the Italian Committee for the Study of Autogenic Training. Since 1980 Psychologist and Therapist in the public service Mental Health Center - Health District (ASL Roma E).

Coordinator of psychotherapies for young adults from 1997 to 2009. From 2009 responsible of the statistic and epidemiologic service. In the framework of her professional job, she has organized and animated several workshops and forums on the psychological treatment of young patients. She took part in the creation of a special service for the therapy of immigrants. She collaborates with the Juvenile Court of Rome on rehabilitation programs for young people. She has taught in medical school for hospital staff, teaching: “Brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy in institutions”, “Psychiatry in the Departments of mental health”, “The clinical interview”, “Psychodiagnosis and personality structure”. At the Catholic University of Rome she also held courses in 2008 and 2009 master degree course on “Migration, cultures and psychopathology”.

Recent publications: “Mediazione e integrazione fra paziente e reparto” in ”Proposte per la salute mentale”, 1994, n°5; “La funzione di accoglienza del servizio pubblico.

La relazione del paziente con l’istituzione” in “Prospettive psicoanalitiche nel lavoro istituzionale” vol.14, n°3, sett./ dic.1996 (in coll.); “Ottimizzazione del colloquio psicologico di valutazione” in “Ottimizzazione della visita psichiatrica”, ed. Franco Angeli, 1997; “La Restituzione nel processo di consultazione con Giovani Adulti”, intervento Convegno Roma 1997; “Cinema e un gruppo di genitori”, in Ciak si vive, ed. Magi, 2004; “I Servizi per Giovani Adulti operanti nei DSM: una risposta al disturbo psicologico” Convegno al “Campidoglio” con distribuzione di libretto informativo sui Servizi per Giovani Adulti nelle ASL di Roma, 2005; “Il migrante e i suoi nuovi contesti di cura”, in Bria P. Caroppo E. a cura di Salute mentale, migrazione e pluralismo culturale, Alpes, Roma, 2008.

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Speakers

Dr. Rafael Forcada Chapa

Psychiatrist of the educative centre for youth offenders ‘Pi I Margall’ with psychological disorders. Foundation Diagrama. Region of Valencia.

Spain.

(See Scientific Committee)

Mr. Cédric Foussard.

Director. International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

(See Organizing Committee)

Ms. Carole Getin-Horreard

Head of Department at SHIP (Hospital Intersectorial Service for Child Psychiatry).

France.

Ms. Cristina Goñi

Director. European Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

(See Organizing Committee)

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Ms. Hara Galanou

Athens Juvenile Probation Service, Juvenile Probation Officer, Criminologist.

Greece Hara Galanou graduated from the Law School of Athens, Greece in 1996 and she is a holder of a Master of Arts Degree in Criminology from the University of Hull, United Kingdom (1997). From 1997-2002 she worked for NGOs protecting refugees and asylum seekers in Greece and the UK. From 2003 to 2005 she was appointed in Eurojust (the Hague, the Netherlands), the EU Body for the Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters in the field of combating cross border organised crime between EU member states.

She currently works as a Juvenile Probation Officer at the Athens Juvenile Probation Service of the Juvenile Court, Greece where she holds pre-trial interview sessions with juvenile offenders and their families, composes reports for the Juvenile Court, supervises young offenders on probation. She also collaborates with therapeutic bodies for the rehabilitation of adolescents with behavioural problems and substance abuse and she networks with NGOs and other agencies for the reintegration of young immigrants, asylum seekers and unaccompanied minors. She has attended several conferences and seminars on foreign juvenile justice systems in Greece and the rest of Europe. She is fluent in English and French.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Grisso.

University of Massachusetts Medical School.

United States.

(See Organizing Committee)

EN IT ES FR

Dr. Carol D. Goodheart

President of the American Psychological Association.

United States.

Carol D. Goodheart is the 2010 President of the American Psychological Association (APA), the largest scientific and professional association of psychologists worldwide, with 150,000 members. Her career integrates practice, scholarship and service to psychology.

Dr. Goodheart earned her doctorate in counseling psychology from Rutgers University. She is in independent practice in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, specializing in health psychology. In addition to her practice, she has served at Rutgers University’s Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology as contributing faculty and a clinical supervisor.

She is a Fellow of APA and a Distinguished Practitioner in the National Academy of Psychology.

Dr. Goodheart is an author and editor of seven books and many chapters and articles related to health, women, and the practice of psychology. Before becoming a psychologist, she trained as a nurse and worked in urban emergency medicine and intensive care, as well as rural public health on two Native American reservations.

Ms. Joanna Grzywa

Criminologist. University of Greifswald.

Germany.

Ms. Imma Guerras Delgado

Follow up to the UN Study on Violence against Children, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Switzerland.

Imma Guerras is a Human Rights Officer in charge of the follow up of the UN study on Violence against Children at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and as such provides support to the mandate of the Special Representative of the Secretary General on Violence against Children. She has been working in OHCHR since 1994 in different functions: assisting the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions, providing support to the different treaty bodies, and as special assistant to the Director of the Research and Right to Development Division. She also worked in the OHCHR Regional Office for Latin America in Chile. Previously she had worked at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in New York as part of the Secretariat of the Inter-agency Standing Committee.

Ms. Alison Hannah

Executive Director, Penal Reform International (PRI).

United Kingdom.

Alison Hannah started her career at Liberty, advising on police complaints and prisoners’ rights before qualifying as a solicitor. She specialised in legal aid work in private practice and as a community lawyer for a Citizens Advice Bureau.

Subsequently working at the Legal Aid Board, she was one of the first team to introduce a quality assurance scheme for solicitors, leaving to become head of quality assurance and training for a not for profit company providing residential care for old people. Before joining PRI in June 2007, Alison was Director of the Legal Action Group, a UK charity that promotes access to justice across a range of legal issues and services.

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Speakers

Dr. Neal Hazel

Director of the Centre for Social Research (CSR-Salford), University of Salford.

United Kingdom.

Neal Hazel is Director of the Centre for Social Research (CSRSalford), and Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Salford, UK. He specialises in sensitive research involving young people, including: a study of young offenders’ views of their experiences in youth justice (funded by the ESRC), national evaluations of custodial sentences (Youth Justice Board), and a Britain-wide study of parental discipline (ESRC). Neal has published widely on both youth justice and family/health services, including two cross-national comparisons of youth justice systems (1998 & 2008), a book on support for Parenting in Poor Environments (2002), and a recent report and policy briefing on resettlement of young offenders after custody (both 2010). He was a consultant to the recent National Audit Office review of youth justice.

Ms. Lorraine Khan

Senior Development Worker, Youth Justice Project. Centre for Mental Health.

United Kingdom.

Lorraine spent 17 years in the National Probation and Prison Services specialising in substance misuse service development, mental health difficulties, cognitive behavioural and motivational interviewing approaches. She later worked both as a consultant for DrugScope and then as Research Director for an independent research company for 7 years evaluating interventions and programmes on behalf of the Youth Justice Board, the Home Office, the Armed Forces, local commissioners and the Police.

Since 2007 Lorraine has been based in the Centre for Mental Health (an independent Think Tank) and is also a member of the Children and Young People’s team in Offender Health in the Department of Health for England. She is also a Fellow at the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College.

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Dr. Francisco Legaz

Chairman of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

(See Organizing Committee)

Prof. Alfio Maggiolini

Psychotherapist and professor of psychology of adolescence at the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Milan Bicocca.

Italy.

Alfio Maggiolini is psychotherapist and professor of psychology of adolescence at the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Milan, Italy. At Minotauro, he coordinates the Centre for research and treatment of antisocial behaviours in adolescence. Since many years, he works at the Juvenile Justice Centre of Milan, with young offenders. He wrote many books and articles on adolescence development and problems (Schoolhache, 1994; Counselling at school, 1997; Delinquent adolescents, 2002; Manual of adolescence psychology, with Pietropolli Charmet, 2005; Early adolescence and antisociality, 2005; Affective roles and psychotherapy, 2009).

EN IT ES FR

Ms. Caroline De Man

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Belgium.

Now member of the Centre de recherches criminologiques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, She previously did research on: the schooling in institutions for juvenile delinquents, the qualitative evolution of youth delinquency in Belgium from 1980 until 2005, the self-reported juvenile delinquency in Belgium and finally the possibility of electronic monitoring to suspects in custody. Since 2010, she is doing a PhD research on the social organization of the interactions between police officers and young people in the public space.

Mr. Silvio Masín

Pedagogue and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager. Istituto Don Calabria.

Italy.

Silvio Masin is Project manager of many European programmes (DAPHNE II, AGIS, Youth, AE) at Don Calabria Institutte and Victim-Offender mediator. Coordinator for regional Services directed to minors with familiar and social problems and also supervisor of project National law 285/97 for educational interventions extra-school in partnership with Legnago Municipality. Contact person in charge of construction agreements and operational plans for the Local Health Unit of Verone. From 2001 to 2009 coordinator for youth policies in the territory of the Province of Verone. He has many teaching experiences for educators. He is also involved inside project PON – INCONTRO as trainer concerning the issue of Victim-Offender mediation (Sicily). Researcher.

Dr. Isabella Mastropasqua

Department of Juvenile Justice Studies, research and international activities section.

Italy.

Isabella Mastropasqua is Senior Executive at the Study and Research Board of the Department for Juvenile Justice and Director of the European Centre of Studies on Juvenile Deviance of Nisida. She is member of the Association of Social Workers’ National Council and President of its Commission for Studies, Research and Innovation.

As an expert of the Ministry of Justice who worked in many national and European projects dealing with the malaise of young people, Isabella Mastropasqua published several essays on deviance and maladjustment, also participating as a speaker in a number of international meetings both in Europe and in Latin America. In particular, she promoted juvenile penal mediation and coordinated projects on mediation in Italy and in Europe.

Isabella Mastropasqua is member of the scientific committees of the scientific journals Esperienze Sociali and Minori e Giustizia as well as Managing Editor of Nuove Esperienze di Giustizia Minorile. She lectured at the Social Service University of Messina and Palermo and at the Law Faculty of the University of Genoa. At the moment, she teaches at the University “Roma Tre”.

Mr. Ignacio Mayoral

Director. International School for Juvenile Justice Belgium.

(See Organizing Committee)

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Speakers

Ms. Kerstin Mc. Court

Senior advocacy advisor for the Global Campaign for Pretrial Justice. Open society Justice Initiative.

Belgium.

Kerstin McCourt is senior advocacy advisor for the Global Campaign for Pretrial Justice, a project of the National Criminal Justice Reform Program of the Open Society Justice Initiative. She is responsible for the Campaign’s advocacy efforts working specifically with civil society organisations, professional bodies, governments and development partners.

Based in Brussels, Kerstin previously worked with the Danish Institute for Human Rights. From 2008 to 2009, she was program manager in Copenhagen, Denmark, and managed projects on access to justice with a specific focus on legal aid, informal justice mechanisms, and justice sector reform in Sub-Saharan Africa.

From 2005 to 2007, she was stationed in Kigali, Rwanda, as the Head of Mission for the Danish Institute for Human Rights and managed all aspects of the Rwanda program that focused on access to justice in post conflict transition.

Kerstin holds a BSc Hons in Biological Sciences from Durham University, UK, a Post Graduate Diploma in Law from The College of Law, UK, and a European Masters in Human Rights and Democratization. She is a member of the Law Society of England and Wales.

Ms. Christine Meyer

Technical Adviser, Directorate of inter-regional judicial protection of youth Grand East.

France.

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Ms. Paula Miraglia

Director. International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (ICPC).

Canada

Paula Miraglia is a Brazilian anthropologist. She holds a doctor degree in Social Anthropology from the University of Sao Paulo (USP). Her academic and professional interest’s concern themes related to urban violence, youth, crime prevention and justice.

Paula is the Director General of the international Centre for the Prevention of Crime – ICPC, based in Montreal, Canada.

Prior to that, she was the executive director of the Brazilian office of ILANUD - United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the treatment of offenders.

Besides several published articles in academic journals and books, Paula contributes regularly to newspapers, magazines and television channels.

In addition, she is a member of the Brazilian Forum of Public Security, of the Commission on Justice and Safety of the Brazilian Institute of Criminal Sciences and an associated researcher of The Center of Metropolitan Studies.

Dr. Federico de Montalvo Jääskeläinen

Member of the Santander Law and Minors Chair and Doctor in Constitutional Law at the University Pontificia de Comillas in Madrid.

Spain.

(See Scientific Committee)

EN IT ES FR

Mr. Damien Mulliez

Deputy Director of Missions of judicial protection and education, Department of Judicial Protection of Youth, Ministry of Justice.

France.

Prof. Gary O’Reilly

School of Psychology, University College Dublin.

Ireland.

(See Scientific Committee)

Dr. Alessandro Padovani

Director. Istituto Don Calabria Italy (See Organizing Committee)

Ms. Mónica Pedroza Garcés

Accerta NGO – Expert Consultant.

Colombia.

Lawyer since the year 1994, she is mostly trained in consulting and studied in depth justice and public safety, economic regulation for drinkable water and essential public services, management of public house services, urban regulation and planning and postal services.

Currently she is a consultant for public administrations on issues regarding juvenile justice, ranging from the definition of guidelines for constructing facilities suitable for the reinsertion of young offenders, to the creation of models for supporting them and their families.

Within business law, she gained experience in legal management of large and medium size firms belonging to different fields (Avianca S.A., Bogotà’s aqueduct, PAVCO, ECSA); she has been a consultant for public and private companies, in company law and in administrative police’s controls, in auditing and tax control, fields in which she gained experience as a teacher as well, especially in those of business law and public house services.

Dr. Serenella Pesarin

General Director. General Direction for the implementation of judicial provisions. Department for Juvenile Justice. Ministry of Justice Italy.

(See Scientific Committee)

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Speakers

Prof. Dr. John Pitts

Vauxhall Professor of Socio-Legal Studies. University of Bedfordshire.

United Kingdom.

John Pitts has worked as a school teacher; a street and club-based youth worker; a group worker in a Young Offender Institution and as a consultant on youth crime and youth justice to the police and youth justice and legal professionals in the UK, mainland Europe, the Russian Federation and China. He is editor of Safer Communities, Associate Editor of Youth and Policy and a member of the editorial boards of Youth Justice and Juvenile Justice Worldwide (UNESCO).

In the past three years he has acted as a consultant and researcher on violent youth gangs to local authorities, police forces and ‘think tanks’.

In 2006 he undertook an evaluation of the X-It gang desistance programme in the London borough of Lambeth in which he interviewed past and present gang-involved young people. Between 2006 and 2007 he undertook a study of violent youth gangs in the London borough of Waltham Forest, published as Reluctant Gangsters. Between 2007 and 2008 he worked on a study of street crime in the London borough of Lewisham. This project involved interviews with 40 young people involved in street crime. Between 2007 and 2008 he acted as researcher for the Lambeth Executive Commission on Young People, Youth Gangs and Violent Crime. The commission took evidence from 10 young people involved in inter-gang violence Between 2008 and 2009 he served as a consultant to the Commission for Social Justice working group on violent youth gangs, published in 2009 as Dying to Belong. He is currently undertaking an evaluation of a national gang-desistance initiative run by a third sector organisation.

Mr. Michael Platzer

Vienna Liaison Officer. Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) UNODC. Austria

Dr. Ineke Pruin

Criminologist. University of Heidelberg Germany.

Ineke Pruin is Research Associate at the Department of Criminology at the University of Greifswald and at the Institute of Criminology at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. She has studied and worked in Greifswald, San Sebastián , Mannheim and Quito . She took her first and second state examination in Law and received her PhD (Dr. jur.) at the University of Greifswald. Her research interests are youth crime, juvenile justice in international comparison, criminal policy and prison law. She has practical experience in victim-offendermediation and voluntary work in prisons.

Ms. Agustina Ramos Gutiérrez International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

(See Conference Secretariat)

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EN IT ES FR

Elisabetta Rampelli

Lawyer. National coordinator and founding member of Unione Italiana Forense (Italian Forensic Union) Italy Elisabetta Rampelli, lawyer. National coordinator and founding member of Unione Italiana Forense (Italian Forensic Union). She also deals with criminal law, as regards matters related to those crimes involving family and minor. Responsible of the Legal Office of the Istituto di Medicina Solidale Onlus, whose mission is to assist, prevent and treat diseases due to poverty and social problems, based in Rome. Member of the Board of Directors and founding member of the Roman Provincial Union of the Confedilizia, an association that has thousands of members all over Italy. Legal adviser in the International Project Oasis Open City, whose aim is to study and to experiment an adequate city for most vulnerable groups. This is a project of the Oasi Maria Santissima: one of the few scientific research institutes accredited by the Ministry of Health. In the year 2008/2009 she was professor in legal matters (health law, administrative law, employment law, criminal law, civil law) within the Training Courses for Social and Health Operators(OSS) funded by Region Lazio.

In 2009 she was Professor in the “course of conciliation in family and school contexts”, organized by the Council of the Order of Lawyers of Rome - Centre for Studies, Commission on Extra-Judicial Conciliation Disputes.

She has written articles and essays in publications regarding specific professional categories. She has organized several conferences on the issues of judicial policy and legal institutions. She is interested in social, environmental and urban planning. she has been speaker at numerous conferences and workshops on various topics (the legal profession, equal opportunities, protection of Human Rights and Child’s Protection, juvenile law, judiciary order).

Ms. Stephanie Elaine Rap

University of Utrecht, Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law & Criminology, junior researcher.

Netherlands Stephanie Rap graduated in 2006 from the master in pedagogical sciences at Utrecht University. She continued her education in the field of criminology and graduated in 2008 cum laude at the Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology. During her education Stephanie specialized in the field of juvenile justice. She conducted research in the youth criminal courts in Florida, US, Glasgow, Scotland and Utrecht, the Netherlands. The focus of her current research is still directed at the youth court. Together with Prof.

Ido Weijers she is conducting an international comparative research on the practices in the youth court, using the international children’s rights conventions as a starting point for the development of an overview of best practices. Since 2006 Stephanie is also working as a junior lecturer for the minor program Youth & Criminality at Utrecht University.

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Speakers

Dr. José Miguel de la Rosa Cortina Prosecutor. Doctor in Law. Judge surplus.

Spain.

Degree in Law, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, cum laude. 1988. Doctor in Law, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, cum laude October 23, 2007.

Tax attorney attached to the Coordinating Council for Children of the State Attorney General having taken possession of that charge on August 18, 2008. Judge since 1992, on leave.

Associate Professor of Procedural Law at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (2006-2009); professor in the specialization courses of Juvenile Law at the Madrid Bar Association, the Judicial Police and Prosecutors Training specialization courses.

Author of several publications, among which “Commentaries on the Regulating Law of the Criminal Responsibility of Minors” (with Eduardo Castrillo Urban), Ed Aranzadi, 2001; “Notes on Civil Liability in Criminal Law of Minors’ Legal Studies Prosecutor I-2001 Ministry of Justice; “The intervention in the procedure LORPM. Intervention by the Juvenile Judge.” Judicial Law Papers, III-2001. General Council of the Judiciary, “The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency: causes and treatments.” Magazine “Multidisciplinary Meetings”, No. 13, Volume V, January to April 2003, General Foundation of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, “The principles of juvenile criminal procedural law.” Justice Courts Magazine. The Law. Number 11. November 2003, “Relations between Criminal Law and Administrative Penalty. In particular, the principle non bis in idem”Journal of Public Prosecutions, no. 11, 2003, “The private prosecutor in the juvenile justice process: first thoughts on the reform 15/2003”. Aranzadi legal news XIV No. 620. Year 2004, “The deportation of nonresidents foreigners legally sentenced to imprisonment of less than six years after the Organic Law 11/2003” Journal Law No. 6042, June 17, 2004, “The right to honour, privacy and self-image of children. Perspectives on Civil and Criminal Law and Juvenile Reform” Journal of the Judiciary, No. 72-2003, injunctive relief of the victim: restraining and protective orders. Thomson Aranzadi, 2008, “Criminal Procedure. Comments “coord. Julian Sanchez Melgar. VVAA. Editorial Sepín, 2010 (various authors), “Parental Child Abduction, Tirant lo Blanch 2010.

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Ms. Sylvie Rousteau

Chairwoman of the European Juvenile Justice Observatory (EJJO). Youth Magistrate. Court of Nantes.

France.

Sylvie Rousteau is a Magistrate, Youth Judge at the Court of Nantes in France. Currently she is chairwoman of the European Juvenile Justice Observatory (EJJO). During her long career in the judicial field, she has been youth judge for 13 years, Vice-president at the Court of First Instance of La Roche sur Yon (France). As a Youth Judge she was responsible for the institutional relations with the Child Social Aid and the Judicial Child Protection and she collaborated with the national education on violence and the vigilance of endangered children. In collaboration with the Child Social Aid, child psychiatry and other institutions, she carried out a long work on border-line minors and she is a collaborator of the Crossed Observations Network. Mrs. Rousteau has a large training in the practices on judicial cooperation in proceedings on parental responsibility and she has great knowledge of the judicial institutions. She also participated in the training of teachers at schools, educators and social workers on maltreatment, juvenile delinquency and the role of the youth judge. She also collaborates in the training of judges at the judicial school in France. She has participated in different international events on justice.

EN IT ES FR

Ms. Lizzie Sadin Photographer.

France.

Lizzie SADIN, a French photographer who is specialised in background reports on social subjects and human rights.

During three years she did photographic work on marital violence in France, then on the elimination of little girls in India, precocious marriages of little girls in Ethiopia, women who were a victim of slavery in Moldavia, sexual tourism in Madagascar, isolated foreign minors, adolescent mothers, Kosovo after the chaos, clandestine immigration, adolescents’ obesity, etc.

Dr. Eila S. Sailas

Hospital for children and adolescents.

Helsinki. HUS. Finland.

(See Scientific Committee)

During eight years she has done a report on the custody conditions of minors Minors in trouble. She was able to enter prisons in eleven countries (countries in peace or in conflict, democratic countries or lawless countries). The first section, Children in prison, illustrates the Amnesty International World Campaign on the destiny of children in custody in Russia and the Campaign Horizon children deprived of their freedom of BICE, a campaign led by Robert Badinter.

She has received several awards in France and abroad : 2010, Award Boulat and Award de l’Académie des Beaux Arts as a finalist; 2010 and 2009 Finalist Award Anthropographia sur les Droits Humains, Québec; 2009 Finalist du Award Carmignac Gestion du photojournalisme, France; 2009 Special Award of the Jury Days Japan Tokyo; 2008 Finalist of the Eugène Smith Award New York and Top D’or International Festival on photojournalism Shenyang, China; 2007 Visa d’Or International Festival on photojournalism, Visa for image and Special Award of the Jury Festival of Scoop and Photojournalism; 2005 Finaliste of the Grand Award Care International for humanitarian reports; 2004 Laureate of the Scholarship 3 P created by Yann ArthusBertrand; 2002 Award Fnac Attention Talent Photo Special honours of the Jury Paris; 1998 Grand Care International Award for humanitarian reports; 1997 Special Award of the Jury au Festival of Scoop and Photojournalism.

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Mr. Roberto Salvan

General Directorate of the Italian Committee for UNICEF Onlus.

Italy.

Roberto Salvan, 56, who grew up volunteering in Rome, approached UNICEF in the late ‘70s with the task of forming groups of UNICEF volunteers and to launch the fund-raising campaigns.

He then entered the Italian Committee for UNICEF steadily, and has been increasingly involved in promoting awareness-raising campaigns for the relief and development projects that UNICEF carries out for children in 156 countries and territories around the world. In the early ‘90s, with the growth of UNICEF in Italy - both in terms of image and economic resources raised - takes on more and more responsibility until being named CEO in 1999.

He has been for four years until May 2003 one of the six representatives of the Standing Group of National Committees (36 worldwide), as a delegate to the Mediterranean area. The current structure of the Italian Committee (based in Rome) is of 136 people, with a network of around 3,000 volunteers. In 2009, the Italian Committee for UNICEF has allocated 42.2 million euro for programs that support the protection of world children’s rights, with Italy 5th in the ranking of the top donor Committees in the world.

In 2005 he was Chair of an international working group involving 15 National Committees for UNICEF, with the objective of growth and development of volunteering in UNICEF. Since 2008 he is member of the Advisory Committee of UNICEF Innocenti Research Center in Florence.

He has visited several UNICEF projects on the ground in Africa and Asia, attended the Special Session of the UN dedicated to children in May 2002 and several meetings of the Board of Directors of UNICEF in New York. He participates annually in the Annual Meeting of the National Committees and in other meetings in which they discuss the operational guidelines of the National Committees in industrialized countries.

In Italy he participates in formal meetings on behalf of UNICEF, university courses, conferences, round tables on UNICEF’s work in the field and on the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Italy with particular reference to immigrant children, denied rights, poverty and discrimination.

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Mr. Daniel Sansfaçon

National Center for Crime Prevention.

Canada.

Daniel Sansfaçon PhD, is a sociologist and criminologist. He joined the NCPC as its Director of Policy, Research and Evaluation in November 2006. He had previously worked for 10 years at the International Centre for the Prevention of Crime where he was Deputy Director General. At the ICPC, Daniel delivered speeches in numerous international conferences, overviewed the Workshop on Crime Prevention organized by the ICPC as part of the UN World Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in Bangkok in 2005, and prepared reports and published several articles in scientific journals.

Daniel had previously worked as researcher and chief of research in criminal law for the government of Canada (Departments of the Solicitor General and Justice) between 1983 and 1988, before joining the University of Quebec in Montreal where he taught research methods from 1988 until 1994. He has also been the Director of Research for the Special Committee on Illegal Drugs for the Senate of Canada between 2002 and 2002.

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Dr. Cira Stefanelli

Director of Istituto Centrale di Formazione del personale - ICF (Central Institute for juvenile justice staff’s training). Department for Juvenile Justice-Ministry of Justice. Italy Cira Stefanelli, since 2009 Director by Istituto Centrale di Formazione del personale - ICF (Central Institute for juvenile justice staff’s training) - Department for Juvenile Justice, Ministry of Justice. Italy. From 2002 to 2009 Director of the Office II - General Direction for staff of justice and training/ human resources. Main positions: member of the technical working group to examine issues relating to the specific sector of the Penitemtiary Police.

Component of the working group for the coordination of the preparatory activities of the initiatives organized by the Department in connection with the Presidency of the European Union; member of the Committee of experts on new ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency and the role of juvenile justice (PC-JU) at the Council of Europe.

Form 1999 to 2002 Director Coordinator of Social Service by Office of Social Service for Minors in Rome (Department for Juvenile Justice); 1991 to 1999 Social worker coordinator of the juvenile services at the Ministry of Justice.

Academic year 1994/1995 and 2002/2003 Teaching activities to contract on methods and techniques of social work (Libera University Maria Santissima Assunta - Faculty Science of Education).

Dr. Nicolò Testone

Counsellor of Ministry of Justice for the social issues and deviance. Ministry of Justice.

Italy.

Testone Nicolò, born in Sciacca, 13/03/1959, graduated in Medicine on 25/03/1986 at the University of Palermo. Since 1992 employed as Neuropsychiatric Medical Director, currently he heads the Unit “Operativa Semplice MaternoInfantile” and the Service of Child Neuropsychiatry of the Health District of Sciacca (Agrigento). Responsible for all activities, including relationships with the Juvenile Court of Palermo and the Multidisciplinary Coordination Unit concerning the education of students with disabilities.

He reported and was a member of the organizing committees of several national conferences. Also he has a specialization in Sports Medicine. He has acquired the certificate of Managerial Training for Director of Complex Structure.

He was a member of ASP at Trapani’s Scientific and Technical Committee for managerial training courses. He has been identified by the “Union of Italian Provinces” as part of the National Council of experts and social workers on drug addiction (Department of drug policy, Presidency of the Council of Ministers).

Prof. Dr. Catherine Van Dijk Prof. Anette Storgaard

Professor in penal law and criminology.

Vice-chairperson University of Aarhus.

Denmark

Department of Criminology. Free University of Brussels Belgium

Anette Storgaard, ass prof. in penal law and criminology.

Research experience in the field of juvenile justice, imprisonment and other issues. Teaching criminology in the law school at the university of Aarhus, Denmark

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Ms. Sarah Van Praet

Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Belgium

After obtaining her master degree in Law (VUB , 2002) and criminology (ULB, 2004), she started doing research at the Centre de recherches criminologiques at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. The topics on which she did research are : the new actors created in the field of prevention (peacekeepers, mediators…), the growing presence of sexual abusers in a detention center for juvenile delinquents, the qualitative evolution of youth delinquency in Belgium from 1980 until 2005. Since 2007, she is also doing a PhD on the social construction of statutionary offenses (truancy, running away and misconduct) in judicial files in Brussels from 1965 to 2005.

Ms. Irma Van der Veen Work-Wise.

Netherlands.

Irma van der Veen is managing director of the Joint Venture Work-Wise Nederland. In 1998 she initiated the development of the Work-Wise programme and is as such one of the founders of this method. Until 2000 she was the director of a school for children with learning disabilities linked to a judicial juvenile institution. Subsequently she focused fully on the further development of Work-Wise, the foundation of Work-Wise Nederland, and advising in the implementation and execution of the method and the profiling of Work-Wise, nationally as well as transnationally.

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Ms. Lies Vandemaele

Coordinator of care routes in the Court of Justice of the Appeal Court of Ghent (East and West Flanders).

Belgium Lies Vandemaele is a coordinator for the care sector in the territory of the Appeal Court of Ghent (East and West Flanders), in Belgium. She holds a Bachelor in Psychology from the University of KATHO (Katholieke Hogeschool Zuid-WestVlaanderen) and a Master in Criminology from the University of Ghent.

Prof. Dr. Erika Varadi-Csema

Criminologist at Criminal Sciences Institute. Vice-dean Faculty of Law. University of Miskolc.

Hungary Dr. Erika Varadi-Csema associate professor, lawyer (public attorney), foreign trade law-specialist. She works as a secondary head of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at the Institute of the Criminal Sciences of the Faculty of Law at the University of Miskolc. After her studies she passed the judge examination and pursued postgraduate studies on the field of foreign trade law. 2000 she accomplished her PhD-dissertation on the research field of juvenile justice. Her scientific interests are e.g. juvenile crime, juvenile justice, and child- and juvenile-welfare. She worked and works as an expert for different institutions (e.g.: Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Social and Family Welfare, the Cabinet of Crime-Minister (Chancellery), National Crime-Prevention Committee of Ministry of Justice, Professional Group of the Drug-prevention, National Militiaman Association, ..) and in the GERN-project of COE. She hustles as a lawyer too. In a special program she takes a defence for perpetrators in the disadvantageous situation in the criminal procedure

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Ms. Sylvie Vella

Head of Mission Justice Prevention.

Interministerial Mission for the fight against drugs and drug addiction (MILDT) France Sylvie VELLA holds a degree in criminal law and criminal science, option juvenile delinquency.

After ten years in the legal youth protection as an educator, then teacher, she joins the interministerial mission to fight against drugs and drug addiction, an interministerial structure under the authority of the prime minister in December 2007. She has contributed to the elaboration of the governmental plan of fight against drugs and drug addictions 2008-2011, especially regarding the aspect of repeating the use and drug trafficking among target groups under the justice system.

She pilots the national commission for the validation of addictive behaviour prevention tools.

Ms. Wansley Walters

Director Miami-Dade Juvenile Service Department.

United States.

Wansley has been actively involved in child advocacy for over 25 years. She is the Director of the Miami-Dade County Juvenile Services Department which has a mission to serve both arrested juveniles and juveniles at risk of being arrested. Previously known as the Miami-Dade Juvenile Assessment Centre (JAC), it is the largest juvenile arrest processing centre in the United States. Wansley developed and heads a national demonstration project with the U.S. Department of Justice and over 30 national researchers in the field of juvenile justice. Her Department also partners with the White House Office of Drug Control Policy and serves as a national model. She currently serves on the Miami-Dade Juvenile Justice Board and the Miami-Dade Youth Crime Task Force. She is a Board member of the Florida Juvenile Justice Association and Chair of the Children’s Mental Health Committee for the District 11 Florida Department of Children and Families.

Ms. María José Villar Moreno

Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial.

Spain.

Pepa Villar Moreno graduated from the University of Granada with a double major in Law and Political Science in 2009.

During her degree, she was awarded two scholarships to study law at the University of Glasgow, Scotland in 2007 and at the University of Melbourne, Australia in 2008. Pepa´s employment experience includes working at the Provincial Court of Granada, Criminal Section. She has collaborated with Fundación Diagrama as a researcher since 2010. She is currently studying for the Bar at the Bar Association, University of Salamanca, Spain, and regularly participates in International Justice Forums.

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Ms. Aline Yamamoto

United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of offenders (ILANUD).

Brazil.

Aline Yamamoto is graduated in Law from the University of São Paulo, with specialization in Criminal Law and Criminology and Master degree in Criminology and Criminal Law at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. She is postgraduate in Human Rights and Women at the University of Chile and in Urban Violence and Gender at the Center for Urban and Regional Studies in Buenos Aires / United Nations Fund for Women (UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone). Her professional and research activities at the United Nations Latin American Institute for Crime Prevention and the Treatment of the Offenders (Ilanud Brazil) are concentrated in the areas of Juvenile Justice, Criminal Justice, Gender and the Prison System.

At this scenario, there’s a lack of cooperation between the Juvenile Justice and the public health services network that must advance in order to respect the principles and guidelines that has been the result of years of engagement of the social movements for human rights.

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Mr. Cyn Yamashiro

Clinical Professor and Executive Director of the Center for Juvenile Law and Policy at Loyola Law School. Los Angeles.

United States.

Professor Cyn Yamashiro is the founding director of the Center for Juvenile Law and Policy at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles, California. Professor Yamashiro is an alumnus of Loyola Law School and of UCLA where he earned his BA in Economics. Professor Yamashiro teaches classes in juvenile law and trial advocacy. He has commented on cases and trends in juvenile law for television, radio and print media and frequently lectures on juvenile delinquency law. Prior to his appointment at Loyola Law School, Professor Yamashiro was a long cause felony trial attorney in the Los Angeles Criminal Division and the supervising deputy of the Public Defender’s Juvenile Division in Compton, California. Earlier in his legal career, Professor Yamashiro worked with the San Diego County Public Defender’s Office and with Minami, Lew & Tamaki law firm in San Francisco.

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PROGRAMME. ABSTRACTS Monday,

November 8th 2010

14:00 -18:30

Delivery of material and registration of participants.

Tuesday,

November 9th 2010 8:00

Delivery of material and registration of participants.

9:00

Welcome speech.

Dr. Francisco Legaz. Chairman of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium.

Mr. Roberto Salvan. General Director. General Directorate of the Italian Committee for UNICEF Onlus.

Italy.

10:00

Inauguration.

Dr. Bruno Brattoli. Head of Department for Juvenile Justice. Ministry of Justice. Italy.

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10:30

Coffee break.

11:00

Plenary Session.

Mental health and young offenders in juvenile justice system. International standards.

(Languages: English, Italian, French and Spanish)

Presenter and moderator: Mr. Cédric Foussard. Director. International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

Dr. Elías Carranza. Director of the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD). Costa Rica.

“Drugs, criminal youth justice and prisons in Latin America: What can we do?”.

Ms. Alison Hannah. Executive Director, Penal Reform International. United Kingdom.

“Juvenile justice and health systems: A necessary multidisciplinary and integrative collaboration”.

ABSTRACT Alison Hannah, PRI’s Executive Director will present a paper on the topic of “Mental Health and young offenders: international standards, global realities and examples of good practice”. In summary the paper will focus on (i) Prisoner’s rights to the highest attainable standard of health: international and regional standards; (ii) Mental health disorders amongst juveniles in conflict with the law (iii) The reality in the UK; (iv) Mental health and juvenile injustice: a UK Case study; (v) Good practice examples (vi) PRI’s experience in the area of Juvenile Justice and mental health service provision and (vii) concluding thoughts and observations

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Mr. Luigi Citarella. Committee on the Rights of the Child. Switzerland.

12:00

Framework Communications.

Mental health resources for young offenders.

(Languages: English, Italian, French and Spanish)

Presenter and moderator: Dr. Alessandro Padovani. Director. Istituto Don Calabria. Italy.

Prof. Dr. Thomas Grisso. University of Massachusetts Medical School. United States.

“Guiding Principles when Developing Treatment Programs for Young Offenders with Mental Disorders” ABSTRACT Many countries wish to develop policies and practices to improve treatment for young people with mental disorders when their offenses place them in juvenile justice custody. Planners should proceed cautiously, in order to manage our limited resources for treating youths’ mental disorders and to avoid unintended negative consequences. Five guiding principles are offered. They emphasize: the importance of intake screening and assessment; the obligation for emergency mental health services; a commitment to employing evidence-based practices; the principle of responsibility to evaluate practices as they are implemented; and the development of policies that avoid “net-widening:” that is, avoid creating a “treatment-based culture” that might actually draw more youth into the juvenile justice system.

The presentation offers several recommendations for policies that can better control “net-widening” while providing young offenders necessary mental health services.

12:30

Debate.

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13:00

Lunch.

Parallel Session with Ms. Lizzie Sadin. Photographer. France. (13:45) “Minors under penalty. Photo stories of juveniles in detention in the world”.

14:30

Workshops. Mental disorders and drugs misuse: Analysis of the situation of minors in conflict with the law. (Topic 1)

Workshop 1 DREJC Project: ‘Juvenile delinquency related to drugs’.

(Language: English)

Members - Speakers: Presenter and moderator: Mr. Silvio Masín. Pedagogist and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager.

Istituto Don Calabria. Italy.

Ms. Elisabetta Colla. Department of Juvenile Justice - Studies, research and international activities section. Italy.

Prof. Dr. Helmut Pollaehne. University of Bremen. Germany.

Ms. María José Villar Moreno. Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain.

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ABSTRACT In Spain, the juvenile justice system establishes criminal liability for minors. The phenomenon of drugdependency is a serious problem for society, although its linkage with delinquency is not universal.

Spanish legislation concerning this theme is not particularly detailed on the treatment of drug related crimes; nonetheless the justice system for minors has sanctioning mechanisms which involve young offenders’ rehabilitation. Regional bodies have to implement the law by providing necessary resources and services. Fundación Diagrama Dossier presents several experts’ opinions on the subject and puts forward the recommendation of effective practices for specific treatment; all this within the framework of a prevention and selection perspective, a suitable action for minors in conflict with the law who suffer from drug-dependency problems or who find themselves in situations exposed to risk factors.

Members: Mr. Cédric Foussard. Director. International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium; Ms. Andrea Kemper.

University of Bremen. Germany; Mr. Ignacio Mayoral Narros. Director. International School for Juvenile Justice. Belgium; Ms. Amparo Pozo Martínez and Ms. María Luisa Martínez Pastor. Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain; Ms. Alessandra Minesso. Istituto Don Calabria. Italy.

Workshop 2 Study of the situation of young offenders with mental disorders or disorders related to drugs misuse: the basics for intervention.

(Language: English)

Presenter and moderator: Dr. Raffaele Bracalenti. Psychoanalyst. President of Istituto Psiconalitico per le Ricerche Sociali - IPRS (Psychoanalytic Institute for Social Research). Italy.

Ms. Lorraine Khan. Senior Development Worker, Youth Justice Project. Centre for Mental Health. United Kingdom.

“Supporting the mental health and life chances of children and young people in contact with the Youth Justice System in England and Wales: trends, progress and areas for development in England and Wales”.

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ABSTRACT This presentation will provide an overview of developments in England and Wales over the last decade to address the mental health, well being and life chances of children and young people in contact with the Youth Justice System in England and Wales. It will provide an overview of: What we know about the characteristics of young people who end up in the criminal justice system in England and Wales; what the evidence tells us we should be doing to address risks and needs; what progress has been made so far to meet the mental health and multiple needs faced by these young people; the ongoing barriers in the system to supporting progress.

Ms. Caroline De Man and Ms. Sarah Van Praet. Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Belgium.

“Drug abuse by young people. A qualitative analysis of records of the Attorney General’s office”.

ABSTRACT In this contribution, results will be displayed (registered in 2009) concerning the facts related to the drug research The evolution of juvenile delinquency in late modernity (Belgium, 1980-2005): a qualitative research. The research was conducted jointly by the ULB and VUB, namely by Bruno Cheval, Caroline De Man, Anneke Vander Steene and Sarah Van Praet under the leadership of Dominique De Fraen, Carla Nagels and Jenneke Christiaens. This research suggest the following questions: what characteristics and what qualitative changes in crime and deviance of minors can be observed from a study of court files opened between 1980 and 2005? This original research aims to identify, in their complexity and diversity, social facts listed in the files of prosecutors and hidden behind specific legal categories.

Methodologically, we selected five judicial districts in Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent and Namur) and 4 reference years (1981, 1989, 1997 and 2005). For this contribution only records relating to drugs will therefore be taken into account.

Our contribution focuses on two areas: the behaviour of drug misuse and the process of reconstruction of the behaviour that occurs at the prosecution. On one hand, the analysis of cases opened for drug reveals a great diversity of situations. This diversity is seen particularly in terms of substances misused, methods of consumption, consumer motivations and modes of acquisition of substances. On the other hand, the study of these issues highlights a specific approach of the police deal with this type of behaviour, it is particularly

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proactive. We also offer some elements about evolution that knows both the morphology of the behaviour of the drug misuse as the social reaction against this type of behaviour. Our finding raises the tension between juvenile behaviour and its interpretation by the parents, school stakeholders and actors of the penal system.

Ms. Kerstin Mc. Court. Senior advocacy advisor for the Global Campaign for Pretrial Justice. Open society Justice Initiative. Belgium.

Workshop 3 The response of juvenile justice systems to offences committed by minors and young people suffering from mental disorders.

(Languages: English and Spanish) Presenter and moderator: Dr. Rosario De Luca. President of Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine - Consulenti del Lavoro (National Council of Order - Job Consultants). Italy.

Dr. Rafael Forcada Chapa. Psychiatrist of the educational and therapeutical center for youth offenders ‘Pi I Margall’. Fundación Diagrama. Region of Valencia. Spain.

“Criminal typologies and profiles of anger in children with mental disorders and substance abuse”.

ABSTRACT We have analysed the role of the feeling of anger, mental disorders and drug use in the different forms of criminal adolescent violence. There is a difference between criminal types based on whether it is not violent, impulsive violent or planned violent. The characteristics of their anger reactions allow classifying the adolescents with mental disorders and the history of crimes in three very different typologies.

1. Young people whose criminal acts have always been planned, who are not very irate and who have good control capacity. They choose strangers for their victim of their violence; 2. the group of impulsive violence which shows a normal anger profile and the victims of their aggressions are people close to them; 3. Both those who committed only non-violent crimes and those who developed indistinctly impulsive and planned violence are irate and their control capacity is very low because of the external conditions.

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No correlation was found between the kind of violence and mental disorders nor drug use.

Dr. José Miguel de la Rosa Cortina. Attorney attached to the Coordinating Council for Children of the State Attorney General. Spain.

“Liability and therapeutic measures in the juvenile justice system”.

ABSTRACT The paper analyzes the accountability and guilt in the juvenile justice system and the nature of the sanctions. It addresses the treatment of juvenile offenders with mental disorders or related to drug misuse and safety/therapeutic measures taxable in these cases. Pronouncements about the Council of Europe and the United Nations are particularly studied.

We analyze the therapeutic detention for juvenile offenders with mental disorders or related to drug misuse, its regulation in comparative law, the budgets for its implementation, the implementing rules, the disciplinary specialties, outputs and permits and in the use of containment facilities. Clinic measure is also tackled. It analyzes the problems of therapeutic measures and the child’s consent. Specific problems are also dealt such as therapeutic measures and the accumulation of sentences procedure, concurrence custodial sentences imposed under the Criminal Code and therapeutic measures imposed under the Juvenile Law, and treatment of mental disorder occurred at the lowest offender after the commission of the crime. One chapter is devoted to precautionary measures in case of accusation.

Finally we analyze the practical problems in implementing these measures and the statistics and experiences highlighted in the Proceedings of the Attorney General’s Office in Spain.

Dr. Federico de Montalvo Jääskeläinen. Member of the Santander Law and Minors Chair and Doctor in Constitutional Law at the University Pontificia de Comillas in Madrid. Spain.

“New legal challenges in the medical treatment of minor offenders with psychiatric disorders”.

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ABSTRACT The medical treatment of minor offenders with psychiatric disorders presents new problems and challenges since the Spanish legal system, under the protection of the so called Agreement of Oviedo, has established the principle of free will in the relationship doctor-patient. The Law 41/2002, the patient’s autonomy, gives minors with sufficient maturity and capacity (the Law says that this goes for sixteen year old minors and older) to decide upon medical treatment. This means that in the specific area of the psychiatric treatment of minor offenders, if the minor has full capacity, they can reject treatment. This way, the continuity of the ambulant treatment is at the expense of the minor authorising the treatment or does not reject to continue with it.

Moreover, our legal system does not offer any specific solution (See intermediate formulas of involuntary detention for rejecting the treatment) to solve such cases in which the mature minor offender rejects ambulant psychiatric treatment while the professional is completely aware that the minor will re-offend.

There is usually a spiral in which involuntary admissions occur in periods in which the illness becomes stronger and after committing a criminal fact not fulfilling posterior ambulant treatments.

In this essay we will analyse the problem and offer formulas to solve such a controversy.

Workshop 4 Juvenile delinquency connected to the misuse of drugs: profile of young offenders and analysis of resources employed towards their social reintegration.

(Language: English)

Presenter and moderator: Mr. Michael Platzer. Vienna Liaison Officer. Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) UNODC. Austria.

Ms. Elizabeth Clarke. President Juvenile Justice Initiative. United States.

“Disproportionate Incarceration of Juvenile Drug Offenders in One State”.

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ABSTRACT The paper is a brief analysis of incarceration trends for juveniles charged with drug offenses over the past four years in one state, Illinois. The paper reveals extraordinary disproportionate use of incarceration for juvenile drug offenders, primarily limited to one area on the west side of the city of Chicago, with rare use of incarceration in the rest of the state.

Prof. Dr. John Pitts. Vauxhall Professor of Socio-Legal Studies. University of Bedfordshire. United Kingdom.

“Violent Youth Gangs and the Drug Business in London”.

ABSTRACT As a result of income polarisation, de-industrialisation and neo-liberal fiscal policies, the predicament of the poorest people in London worsened dramatically during the 1980s, leading to what one commentator has described as ‘social apartheid’. Meanwhile, traditional East End organised crime, bank robbery, fraud, ‘protection’ etc., was transformed by the globalisation of the drugs business. Unlike traditional organised crime, the drugs business requires a large workforce to protect the supply chain; package and distribute the drugs, protect the principal ‘players’ and silence would-be ‘informers’. This created a demand for young people with the requisite skills and there were plenty of willing recruits in the poorest neighbourhoods in the city. There was therefore, at this point, a fateful convergence of ‘street corner crime’ and international organised crime. Over time the ‘gangsta’ style, particularly their style of violence, has been adopted by ‘crews’ of younger children and adolescents on the periphery of the drug gangs, and it is now this ‘second generation’ of ‘gangstas’ that is responsible for much of the territorial, ‘respect’-based gun and knife violence in the city. In his paper, John Pitts argues that this ‘gang crime’ is significantly different from other forms of youth crime, requiring a different response.

He then considers the assumptions which inform, and the impact of, ‘gang’ initiatives developed within national and local government, the youth justice system, social welfare, and youth serving agencies and third sector organisations in London.

Prof. Dr. Erika Varadi-Csema. Criminologist at Criminal Sciences Institute. Vice-dean Faculty of Law. University of Miskolc. Hungary.

“Mental disorders and drug misuse among young people, especially among juvenile prisoners”.

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ABSTRACT The different surveys inform us about the mental problems, about the more often occurring personality disorders, attempted suicides, and deviant behaviours. Nevertheless there were few surveys in Hungary on analysing the connection between crime and mental problems. Though in case of juvenile offenders, psychological and psychiatric examination are used during criminal procedure, although according to the statistics there were only a few cases in which there were not impeachment because of the above mentioned causes. According to the Hungarian regulation it is not necessary to have other conditions like moral/intellectual maturity, above the appropriate age and at least a limited degree of legal responsibility of the juvenile offenders. According to our opinion, this regulation is not enough. As long as majority of the juvenile offenders have legal responsibility, so long as e. g. according to a target specific survey done in one of the juvenile prison 28% of the juvenile prison population was mentally retarded and 36% of them had low intelligence.

Mental problems can be related with drug use. In Hungary acquiring and possessing drugs is qualified to be a crime, but the Criminal Code gives possibilities for the diversion. In case of other crimes, drug use as a factor affecting the crime is only present in criminal statistics in a small degree. But the last surveys inform us of shocking results about the real situation in the prison: more and more young prisoners use drugs or narcotic materials.

The paper deals with the mental problems showing the present situation and the results of some available surveys. It describes the characteristics of drug use, the possibilities of treatment in our country and the new incidents which can be met with in the prison institutions. The connections between the incidents throw light on the connecting points with crime.

16:00

Coffee break.

16:30

Continuation of workshops.

Mental disorders and drugs misuse: Analysis of the situation of minors in conflict with the law. (Topic 1)

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Workshop 1 Mental disorders, drugs misuse and juvenile justice: ethical aspects and good practices. Part 1.

(Language: English)

Presenter and moderator: Dr. Cira Stefanelli. Director of Istituto Centrale di Formazione del personale - ICF (Central Institute for juvenile justice staff’s training). Department for Juvenile Justice-Ministry of Justice. Italy.

Dr. Antonio Andrés, Ph.D. in Personality and Criminal Psychology. Professor. University of Barcelona.

Spain.

“Utility of MAYSI-II for the detection of mental disorders in young offenders”.

ABSTRACT The need to accurately assess the mental health in the professional performance with antisocial juvenile offenders is compromised by the complexity of the evaluation, the lack of resources and the impact this professional activity can have on the young offender. However, it is highly advisable to consider the mental state of the child at all times of the juvenile criminal proceeding (complaint, sentencing, confinement ...) and it intends to use screening techniques because it allows, without excessive cost, to anticipate the likelihood of presence of mental disorders in this population. To solve these problems MAYSI-II has been developed. Originally designed in the U.S., we have recently adapted a Castilian version of Maysie-II and with this study we want to see its usefulness in the context of antisocial youths. It was administered to a group of young people MAYSI-II in experimental adaptation in Spain, the MACI (TEA, SA) and a series of data on the clinical situation of the assessed child (a posteriori). The results of the analysis of convergent and predictive validity of both instruments will be presented for its possible use in a professional context.

Ms. Stephanie Elaine Rap. University of Utrecht, Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law & Criminology, junior researcher. Netherlands.

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“Social work participation in the juvenile criminal procedure”.

ABSTRACT Within all European countries there is a role assigned to the social worker in the juvenile justice system.

This role though encompasses different responsibilities and tasks in the different countries. Moreover, the manners in which the social work departments or welfare institutions are organized and the extent to which they are attached to the youth court or to the community differs.

This paper will present an overview of the differences and similarities on this issue within Western Europe. Starting from the situation in the Netherlands, a structured scheme will encompass aspects such as attachment of the social worker to the youth court or to the community; at what moment the social worker starts his/her involvement with the young person – pre- or post-trial –; the purpose of the background report; and the presence at the youth court hearing of the social worker.

In several European countries a close relationship exists between the youth court and the social work department. In for example Belgium, France, Greece and Italy the social work department is part of the court and the social workers have their offices in court. In contrast with the Netherlands, where the Child Care and Protection Board is in close contact met the public prosecution service and the police, it is much more common for social workers and judges in these countries to have daily contact about current cases. The Anglo-Saxon countries differ from the above described practice in the fact that the social worker only participates in the juvenile criminal procedure after the guilt of the juvenile offender has been established. The report serves the purpose of an advice on the best appropriate sanction.

Ms. Hara Galanou. Athens Juvenile Probation Service, Juvenile Probation Officer, Criminologist. Greece.

“Ethical aspects stemming from the collaboration between the Greek Juvenile Justice System and the therapeutic agencies in cases of coercive treatment for young offenders with drug abuse and/or mental disorders”.

ABSTRACT A long lasting discourse referring to the collaboration between the Greek Juvenile Justice System and the therapeutic agencies relates to the difference of their starting point: for therapists and psychiatrists treatment

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should be voluntary and should serve the individual’s right to therapy. On the other hand, the Juvenile Justice System as a criminal justice system, is governed and ruled by the core idea of penal paternalism and hence wishes to force treatment upon the young offender in order to protect the public from incidents of potential future relapse and criminality. Thus, penal paternalism penalises self-injurious conduct (eg drug use) and imposes participation in treatment programmes and centres as an alternative to imprisonment. The dilemma ‘therapy or imprisonment’ stems from interventions of social control and community protection.

Several provisions of the Greek Juvenile Criminal Legislation provide for coercive treatment for young offenders with drug abuse or mental disorders. This court ordered treatment is severely criticised by therapists and psychiatrists for being in essence criminal sanctions and acts of psychiatric assault and institutionalised violence against the young offender’s will and best interest. Another moral issue related to networking with the therapeutic sector is the respect to the duty of confidentiality.

Some more issues to be tackled include: Can both sectors speak the same language on an operational level?

Could specific training be given to all the professionals involved in order to facilitate the collaboration? Could a common code of practice be signed between the respective criminal justice and therapeutic authorities and a code of ethics to deal with all the ethical issues?

Workshop 2 Mental disorders, drugs misuse and juvenile justice: ethical aspects and good practices. Part 2.

(Languages: Italian and English)

Presenter and moderator: Dr. Nicolò Testone. Counsellor of Ministry of Justice for the social issues and deviance. Ministry of Justice. Ministero della Giustizia. Italy.

Dr. Isabella Mastropasqua. ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Department of Juvenile Justice - Studies, research and international activities section. Italy.

“Suicidal conducts and self-destructive behaviour in juvenile detention facilities in Italy. Results of current research and fut ure perspectives”.

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ABSTRACT Teenagers facing jail react differently to the impact of the prison facility. This can be considered a risk factor per se. Our research starts from quantitative data to pass onto the topic of prevention of suicides in jail and early recognition of risk factors. This research underlines how psychological discomfort and depressive states often constitute the fundaments of these kinds of self-destructive conducts.

Ms. Mónica Pedroza Garcés. Accerta NGO – Expert Consultant. Colombia.

“Spa consumption as a risk factor for adolescent delinquency in Colombia”.

ABSTRACT Taking into account the quality of the drug-producing country with which has been recognized some of the social problems the country is facing and despite the efforts aimed at confronting the production and trafficking of narcotic drugs, not less relevant circumstances have played down chances of success in these actions.

In the area of juvenile crime it is important to emphasize that Colombia has chosen this procedural law direction only 3 years ago, but in that short space of time it has been possible to demonstrate the important correlation between the consumption of SPA and the unlawful behaviour of adolescents.

Under this understanding Bogotá has developed a policy on youth crime that gives priority to preventive actions over those aimed at fulfilling sanctions. Moreover the interventions at all levels (preventive, protective or punitive) with adolescents and their families include programs aimed at overcoming SPA consumption and those psychosocial risks that promote not only foray into the consumer, but the development of behavioural patterns, as criminal conduct, in this respect programs directed to formal and informal schooling, productive spending of time, restitution of rights, psychosocial work with families and peers, among others, are developed.

Present the experience of the Colombian capital in a scenario like the one proposed by the IJJO, beyond the intention of exhibiting the jointly responsible efforts between civil service and citizens, aims to assess it in order to collect during the event itself what can enrich the existing programs and design new actions and investments, since this has been identified as a priority in the current civil service.

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Prof. Alfio Maggiolini. Psychotherapist and professor of psychology of adolescence at the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Milan Bicocca. Italy.

“A developmental approach to assessment and treatment of young offenders within the juvenile justice services”.

Mental health problems are particularly widespread within the young offenders’ population. A correct assessment of these problems is a preliminary step for any effective treatment to be provided. A developmental approach has to focus on the symbolic dimension of adolescents’ developmental needs and on the subjective meaning of the offence. To be effective, psychological treatment has to be integrated with educational and social interventions and has to aim at developing in young offenders a sense of responsibility and at building a social identity.

Prof. Silvio Ciappi. Professor of criminology and consultant of Istituto Don Calabria. Italy.

“Juvenile offenders with mental disorders and/or drug abuse: issues concerning evaluation of the responsibility and social dangerousness”.

ABSTRACT Aim of the present presentation is to highlight the main issues regarding juveniles, juvenile delinquency and criminal justice system in Italy. In the presentation questions such as mental disorders and toxicomanic habits in juvenile population are also raised. During the exposition some crucial issues as the evaluation of the responsibility, the social dangerousness of the youth along with his/her social and familiar background are discussed under the more general criticism regarding the Italy’s social structure and political and ideological aspects of social control.

Final consideration regarding the ethics of criminal justice institutions to deal with juveniles are evaluated.

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Workshop 3 Juvenile mental health and drug misuse. The treatment and the procedures in the juvenile justice system.

(Languages: English and French)

Presenter and moderator: Ms. Sylvie Rousteau. Youth Magistrate. Chairwoman of the European Juvenile Justice Observatory (EJJO). Belgium.

Ms. Carole Getin-Horreard. Head of Department at SHIP (Hospital Sectorial Service for Child Psychiatry). France. “Difficult adolescents: Daily relationships between child psychiatry and youth justice”.

Ms. Sylvie Vella. Head of Mission Justice Prevention. Interministerial Mission for the fight against drugs and drug addiction (MILDT). France.

“Towards a balanced approach of the prevention of drug use among minors”.

ABSTRACT Even though health care of drug users has strongly improved in France over the last fifteen years, there is still a high level of users.

This is why, considering the multiplicity of the factors and responses to provide, the policies applied by the government develop a global and balanced approach of the fight against drugs and drug addictions (prevention, health, repressive).

Firstly it is a way to prevent the starting of illegal drug use and avoiding alcohol misuse, especially among young people, widening the prevention register including measures that can have a dissuasive effect on the use, like legal sentences to do awareness campaigns on the dangers of drug use. In a parallel way, it is indispensable to reinforce the trust of adults in their educational legitimacy and to clarify the public discourse to make the applicable rules more understandable.

Finally, the governmental plan of fight against drugs and drug addictions 2008-2001 has allowed developing and diversifying the health and social system for addictions, targeting exposed and vulnerable populations, especially target groups under the justice system.

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Prof. Dr. Jenneke Christiaens and Prof. Dr. Catherine Van Dijk. Department of Criminology. Free University of Brussels. Belgium.

“Critical reflections on the use of medico-psychological expertise in Belgian Juvenile Justice procedures”.

ABSTRACT In this contribution we want to present the results of finalised research on the use of medical-psychological expertise within the transfer/waiver procedure provided in the Belgian juvenile justice system. The transfer mechanism is considered to be necessary for serious juvenile delinquents for whom the protection measures of the juvenile justice system are considered inadequate.

Based on the analysis of all expertise reports in the files of transferred young delinquents (district of Antwerp and Mechelen in the 1990’s), this research sheds light not only on the (problematic) expertise practice, but also on the major features of the social, medical and psychological profile of these youngsters transferred to the adult penal system.

This contribution is related to the following issues: The response of juvenile justice systems to offences committed by minors and young people suffering from mental disorders; the relationship between juvenile justice systems and health services: the need to encourage specialized resources.

May be it more closely related to the second issue because of the analysis of the expertise practice and the “different languages” spoken in the judicial and the health world. On the other hand it is more closely related to the first issue because of the critical analysis of the (construction of) psychological profile of serious young delinquents.

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Workshop 4 Daphne Programme. ‘European comparative analysis and knowledge transfer on mental-health resources for young offenders (MHYO)’. (Language: English) Members - Speakers: Presenter and moderator: Ms. Agustina Ramos Gutiérrez. International Juvenile Justice Observatory.

Belgium.

Ms. Aline Yamamoto . United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of offenders (ILANUD). Brazil.

“Juvenile Justice and Mental Health in Brazil”.

ABSTRACT One of the big challenges regarding the strengthening of democracy in Brazil is the distance between law and its implementation. In case of young offenders and specifically the ones that require some special attention in the mental health area that distance is even more profound.

The Statute of the Children and Adolescents and all the normative related to Mental Health guarantee the full respect of the human rights, being clear that the deprivation of the liberty is the ultimate resource in the case of offences committed by adolescents and also in any mental health care. Despite of it, the combination of offence and mental disorder has been producing practices that are directly contrary to the paradigms of the Doctrine of Full Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents and the current national Mental Health policies, leading in the direction of the radicalization of segregationist policies as a response to issues of violence and insecurity, to the detriment of investment in social policies.

Also, the increasing problem related to the emergence of crack in many big cities of Brazil at the end of the 1990s, and because of its highly addictive chemical effect, the association between chemical addiction and behavioural disorders has acquired greater visibility, creating a connection between the use of drugs, social inadequacy and psychiatric disorders, in accordance with the perspective that the crack user certainly will commit an infraction and develop a pathology or vice versa.

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At this scenario, there’s a lack of cooperation between the Juvenile Justice and the public health services network that must advance in order to respect the principles and guidelines that has been the result of years of engagement of the social movements for human rights.

Ms. Helena Bolieiro. Centre for Judicial Studies. Portugal.

“Young offenders and mental health - the Portuguese system”.

Ms. Irma Van der Veen. Work-Wise. Netherlands.

Mr. Ignacio Mayoral . Director. International School for Juvenile Justice. Belgium.

Members Daphne Programme: Ms. Monika Barciszewska. Fundacja Diagrama, Pomoc Psychospoleczna. Poland; Ms. Sabrina Brutto. Pedagogist and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager. Istituto Don Calabria. Italia; Mr. Cédric Foussard. Director.

International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium; Dr. Daniel Gorans. Child psychiatrist, Head of department, responsible for SHIP (Child Psychiatry Inter-sector Hospitalization Service), Nantes. France; Mr. Brian de Lord.

Pupil-Parent Partnership Ltd. United Kingdom; Mr. David McGuire. Diagrama Foundation. United Kingdom; Mr. Sebastien Marchand and Mr. Erwan Besnard. Association Diagrama, Intervention Psychosociale France; Ms. Daniela dos Santos. International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium. Ms. Amparo Pozo Martínez and Ms. María Luisa Martínez Pastor. Fundación Diagrama Intervención Psicosocial. Spain. Dr. Alessandra Lagorio. General Direction for the implementation of judicial provisions. Department of Juvenile Justice. Ministry of Justice. Italy.

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19:00

International Award Ceremony Juvenile Justice without Borders and Welcome cocktail The “JUVENILE JUSTICE WITHOUT BORDERS” INTERNATIONAL AWARD is established by the INTERNATIONAL JUVENILE JUSTICE OBSERVATORY (IJJO) with the aim of recognizing the work of experts, personalities and institutions that show a steady commitment towards the development of juvenile justice systems focused on the integral promotion of children and young people in conflict with the law.

In this way, the award is granted for outstanding achievements in juvenile justice in the field of research, advocacy and intervention, always under the international framework of UNITED NATIONS standards.

The 2010 winners of the “JUVENILE JUSTICE WITHOUT BORDERS” INTERNATIONAL AWARD are: ILANUD - United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders.

Dr. Elías Carranza.

Director. ILANUD Professor Dr. Carlos Tiffer.

Consultant in criminal matters. ILANUD. Directorate General of the Police and the Civil Guard of the Ministry of Interior of Spain.

Female Teams (EMUNE) of the Civil Guard.

Minor Groups (GRUMEs) of the National Police.

Professor Sir Al Aynsley – Green.

Former Children’s Commissioner for England Professor Dr. Dunkel, Frieder Chair of Department of Criminology. Faculty of Law and Economics. Vice

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chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald. Germany.

The ceremony award will take place on the 9th of November 2010 in: Rome Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Via Vittorio Veneto, 191 Rome

Wednesday,

November 10th 2010 09:00

Framework Communications.

Juvenile justice and health systems: A necessary multidisciplinary and integrative collaboration. (Topic 2) (Languages: English, Italian, French and Spanish)

Presenter and moderator: Ms. Sabrina Brutto. Pedagogist and Victim-Offender mediator. Project manager. Istituto Don Calabria. Italy.

Dr. Cristina Calle. International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates (IAYFJM).

Italy. “Acting out and antisocial behaviour: the criteria of evaluation�.

ABSTRACT The behaviour of adolescents in conflict with the law represents a part of the wider issue of their devel-

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opmental process in general. Acting out behaviours against the law is only one of the modalities through which adolescents attempt to avoid the necessary - and nevertheless painful and difficult - thought process of growing up. Many serious psychological responses make their first appearance in this early stage of life: eating disorders, drug abuse and auto / hetero aggressive behaviours.

Delinquent behaviour, unlike the above mentioned, still has some identical traits. Even though it is not limited to adolescence, it does however represent a particular expression of this age, but does not necessarily imply a state of psychological distress. In many cases it appears to be related to the propelling force of growing up and of testing one’s own strength.

In this sense, from the psychological point of view, it becomes very important to evaluate and identify the risk factors that lead to the consolidation of the antisocial tendencies.

The Italian juvenile penal system, which foresees different criminal punishments - from the most classic imprisonment to probation - make it possible to provide different answers thanks to the cooperation of different professionals working together. The work of a multidisciplinary team requires the deepening of the professionals’ understanding between the adolescent’s general trasgressive tendency on one hand and pathologic structuring on the other hand.

The response from the adult world offer to the adolescents an opportunity to consider and re process what was before an acting out way of expression.

Prof. Gary O’Reilly. School of Psychology, University College Dublin. Ireland.

“The psychological functioning of young people engaged in crime”.

What do we know about the psychological functioning of young people engaged in criminality? In this paper 4 studies from our research group at the School of Psychology, University College Dublin will be presented concerning young people who engage in criminal behaviour on related topics of mental health, drug and alcohol use, family functioning, and gang membership. Study one compared the level of psychiatric disorder of 30 young people detained by the Irish state for criminal behaviour with young people without criminal behaviour attending child and adolescent mental health services. Comparable levels of psychi-

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atric difficulty and greater co-morbidity were evident among detained young people. Study two provided a detailed survey of the alcohol and drug use, coping skills, and family functioning of 462 regular young people aged 15-19 years living in the South and South East region of Ireland. 86.1% of young people in the community reported they drink, while 49.8% reported a lifetime use (ever used) of illicit drugs. Higher levels of family functioning difficulty and less adaptive coping skills were evident in young people further along the continuum of alcohol and drug use. Study three aimed to describe the family circumstances and perceived family functioning of 27 young people in detention in Ireland due to criminal behaviour compared with 73 community-based adolescent males with varying levels of self-reported criminal behaviour.

Compared to community-based adolescents, young people in detention were more likely to experience socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse family circumstances. Almost half reported a family history of mental health problems, almost two thirds reported alcohol problems within their family, over three quarters reported substance use within the family, and over four fifths reported that another member of the family had been incarcerated. Finally study four investigated the mental health status and self-reported offending behaviour, including involvement with gangs and weapons of 20 adolescents identified by social workers as high risk and attending a specialised assessment unit.

Dr. Eila S. Sailas. Hospital for children and adolescents. Helsinki. HUS. Finland.

“Adolescent crime, somatic and mental health”.

Dr. Elisabetta Rampelli. Lawyer. National coordinator and founding member of Unione Italiana Forense (Italian Forensic Union). Italy.

“Legal sources and measures of the Italian Juvenile criminal law”.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to present the essentials of juvenile criminal law by identifying the legal sources to show that the main purpose of the proceedings is to recover the juvenile offender.

We can deduce this first by the composition of the Body in charge of knowing and deciding concerning crimes committed by minors, and secondly, the involvement of a number of operators charged to intervene in various stages of proceedings, both before and after the trial, to answer the minor’s request of help, to delineate the personality, to verify the imputability, the ability to commit a crime and the social context in which he/she lives.

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All these factors affect both the sentence that the activity of recovery.

There are, therefore, a number of measures, namely the irrelevance of the fact, the probation (la sospensione del processo con la messa alla prova), the pardon for juvenile offenders, the Victim-Offender mediation aimed at rehabilitation, and through which minor becomes aware of importance and the weight of his/her actions, as well as the “protagonist� of his/her change and the criminal trial. The instruments created to avoid the imprisonment follow the same optic: suspended sentence, alternative sanctions of short prison sentences, parole, release on probation, house arrest. Attorneys may also play a prominent part in this complex and difficult process but also that fill us with enthusiasm.

10:30

Coffee break.

11:00

Workshops.

Juvenile justice and health systems: A necessary multidisciplinary and integrative collaboration. (Topic 2)

Workshop 1 The relationship between juvenile justice systems and health services: the need to encourage specialized resources.

(Language: English)

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Presenter and moderator: International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium.

Dr. András Csúri. Senior Researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law. Germany.

“Govern– ‘mental disorders’ of the Hungarian Juvenile Justice System”.

ABSTRACT The paper concentrates on the links and parallels between the Hungarian health care and (juvenile) justice systems. The relevance of the topic is doubly underlined by the country’s traditionally bad position in comparative surveys on mental health situation and the latter’s noticeable effect on crime rates.

This initial situation has been further exacerbated by the closure of the central national institutions of psychiatry and neurology as well of addictology in 2008, and its devastating consequences on the situation of patients both inside and outside of the prison world. The paper then discusses the situation of persons deprived of their liberty either solely on the basis of their mental state or on the cumulated basis of mental state and the perpetration of a severe crime. This leads to the paper’s main concern: to the current situation of incarcerated young offenders with mental problems inside and as a part of the above described general system. All of this highlights the urgent need for international spotlight on the current unsatisfactory situation of incarcerated juvenile offenders with drug abuse problems and mental disorders in Hungary. The findings are based on the written law, the reports of (inter)national organizations as well as on on-site visits and interviews at the major Hungarian juvenile detention centers and at the Hungarian Judicial and Observation Psychiatric Institute.

Ms. Yvonne Adair. Assistant Director and Project Manager of the Priority Youth Offender Project.Youth Justice Agency. Ireland.

“High Risk, substance misusing young offenders. Intensive intervention, through a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary, collaborative and restorative approach”.

ABSTRACT This presentation will outline the legislation in Northern Ireland pertaining to young people in conflict with the law. It will provide detail on Youth Restorative Justice and on the Priority Youth Offender Project.

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This will demonstrate the importance of a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary approach, incorporating Circles of support and accountability.

Case studies will illustrate the interventions used, outcomes realised and challenges inherent when engaging with and supervising young people who are in conflict with the law and who have had dual diagnosis of mental illness with drug/alcohol dependency/addiction.

Dr. Carol D. Goodheart. President of the American Psychological Association. United States.

“An American Psychological Association Perspective on Juvenile Justice and Health Systems”.

This presentation summarizes the American Psychological Association’s role in addressing mental health and policy issues related to juvenile justice systems and laws in the United States.

Workshop 2 Encouraging policies and regulation: interface between systems.

(Language: English)

Presenter and moderator: Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel. Chair of Department of Criminology. Faculty of Law and Economics. Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald. Germany.

“Juvenile offenders with mental disorders in Europe-legal provisions and comparative aspects (Denmark, Germany and Poland)”.

ABSTRACT With our joint presentation Juvenile offenders with mental disorders in Europe – legal provisions and comparative aspects (Denmark, Germany and Poland) we would like to give an overview about the situation of juvenile offenders with mental disorders in different European countries.

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Our presentation will start with an overview about the provisions concerning juvenile offenders with mental disorders within the European Rules for juvenile offenders subject to sanctions or measures (by Frieder Dünkel). Thereafter we want to analyse the national legal provisions of Denmark, Germany and Poland and to compare some key aspects. The core questions of our analysis will be: Which legal provisions do we find within the legal systems for juvenile offenders with mental disorders? Are juveniles who are suffering from mental illness and who are to be deprived of their liberty held in mental health institutions (Rule 57 ERJOSSM)? Are there alternatives for such a placement provided within the laws?

Which are the aims of these measures? Which are the conditions for these measures? Complaint procedures against such measures? Have the legal provisions been subject to major changes in the course of the last 30 years? Availability of data on the application of different measures in practice and of the length of these measures? Do we see strong shifts in the course of the last 30 years? Which are the legal provisions concerning schooling and vocational training within mental health institutions? Which “therapy concepts” can be found? Which are the legal provisions concerning the contact to the outside world? Which disciplinary measures are provided by law? Is the use of force provided? Is the staff in mental health institutions allowed to carry weapons? How are juvenile offenders in mental health institutions prepared to their release from this institution?

Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel. Chair of Department of Criminology. Faculty of Law and Economics. Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald. Germany.

Prof. Anette Storgaard. Professor in penal law and criminology. Vice-chairperson University of Aarhus. Denmark.

Ms. Joanna Grzywa. Criminologist. University of Greifswald. Germany.

Dr. Ineke Pruin. Criminologist. University of Heidelberg. Germany.

Workshop 3 Between health and justice: what is at stake for partnerships for minors under legal protection.

(Languages: English and French)

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Presenter and moderator: Ms. Christine Meyer. Technical Adviser, Directorate of inter-regional judicial protection of youth Grand East. France.

Mr. Damien Mulliez. Deputy Director of Missions of judicial protection and education, Department of Judicial Protection of Youth, Ministry of Justice. France.

Mr. Yves Darnaud. Director of closed educational Centre. France.

Dr. Michel Botbol. Psychiatrist, Department of Judicial Protection of Youth, Ministry of Justice. France.

Workshop 4 Juvenile justice and health systems: A necessary multidisciplinary and integrative collaboration.

(Languages: English)

Presenter and moderator: Dr. Nicoletta Faccenda. Psychologist and therapist. Centro Salute Mentale – Distretto Sanitario XX – ASL Roma E (Mental Health Center - Health District XX - ASL Rome E). Italy.

Mr. Daniel Sansfaçon. National Center for Crime Prevention. Canada.

“Addiction, mental disorders and juvenile delinquency: achievements and challenges of prevention in Canada”.

ABSTRACT If the use of drugs, including alcohol among minors is not in itself a risk factor for delinquency, the majority of longitudinal studies conducted in the West establish quite clearly that deregulated uses, especially in premature young, are superimposed with mental disorders such as hyperactivity and lack of affect, and in turn it significantly increases the risk of a trajectory of severe and chronic delinquency. The challenges for policy and public responses are many. In addition to knowing and being able to identify these youth as early as possible, it must also have the means to intervene effectively. In Canada, the complexity of administrative arrangements between the various levels of government, the geographical dispersion of population and its low concentration, and the particularly acute among indigenous people,

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make it particularly difficult to provide assistance. At the federal level, two strategies have been adopted especially during the last four years to explore ways of effective preventive interventions: the National Strategy for the Prevention of Crime and Drugs Strategy. This paper will present specific examples of preventive interventions conducted at the intersection of these two public policies, at least preliminary results of evaluation studies conducted on the pilot interventions, and some contradictions and shortcomings of emerging practice

Ms. Lies Vandemaele. Coordinator of care routes in the Court of Justice of Ghent (East and West Flanders) and Mr. Damien Bael. Coordinator of care routes in the Court of Justice of Mons. Belgium. “Go-between Mental Health and Juvenile systems in Belgium: stimulating cooperation�.

ABSTRACT Given the lack of adequate facilities, the Belgian government created in 2002 a specific network of care for juvenile offenders with mental disorders who have been placed by Youth Justice sequelling committed crimes or problematic educational situations.

These Intensive treatment services offer different forms of help such as residential treatment (2003), crisis-treatment (2007) and outreaching (2007). Related to the development of therapeutic services and their care network, the Belgian Ministry of Health decided in 2007 to implement five coordinating functions corresponding to one for each juridical district.

After three years (2010), the function has been evaluated and adapted.

Located at the interface between juvenile justice, mental health and youth welfare, the coordination function has three main missions: to share information with the network partners (legal, mental health, youth welfare, disability) and / or with the patient (and / or his parents or legal parental substitutes); to promote structural and regular consultation and to facilitate communication processes at the request of one of the network partners and / or the patient; to evaluate the health process to inform the Ministry of Health (collect data and provide statistical analysis) and to promote exchange and thinking over how these services operate.

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As this way of working appears to be unique in Belgium, we will illustrate, after a brief presentation of the coordinating function, how this function improves the organization and cooperation between mental health and juvenile justice and thereby the quality of care for juvenile offenders with mental disorders.

We will also present a few examples of how the go-between-function works.

Dr. Neal Hazel. Director of the Centre for Social Research (CSR-Salford), University of Salford. United Kingdom. “Improving mental health provision in the juvenile justice system: promising and innovative practice in England and beyond�.

ABSTRACT Juvenile offenders have a disproportionate amount of health problems compared to non-offenders (Wilson and Tully 2009; Healthcare Commission and HMIP 2009), including high rates of mental health (Chitsabesan et al 2006) and substance misuse (Goldson 2000) needs. Consequently, the last decade has seen a plethora of initiatives from both health and justice authorities in England and beyond attempting to improve services and outcomes for this group. Nevertheless, juvenile offenders have remained relatively been poorly served by health services, with access and engagement problems both in the community and custody widely reported (e.g. Department of Health 2009; Healthcare Commission and HMIP 2009). Despite this negative picture, however, Inspectorate reports have consistently highlighted isolated examples of promising practice that could inform wider provision.

This paper explores examples of promising and innovative practice for mental health and substance misuse service provision for those in the juvenile justice system within and beyond England. Findings are drawn from a review of practice undertaken in spring 2010 with the cooperation of the Department of Health and Ministry of Justice. Data were gathered through a scoping review (including a study of Inspectorate reports), and a survey of practitioners.

Areas of innovative practice addressed in the paper include coordination of resources and collaboration between health and justice services; assessment and referral; engaging youth; diversion from court; staff training and culture; health education; and help when leaving custody. The paper concludes with a synthesis of key features to promote good practice in health provision in the juvenile justice system.

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13:00

Lunch.

Parallel Session with Mr. Olivio Argenti. Documental Presentation: ‘Atrapados’. (13:45) “Family violence and deviant behaviour of young of Lime”.

ABSTRACT The photographic project (2006-2008) - Atrapados deals with youth given to drugs and violence in Lima, with their destiny in a “respectable” society and with the reasons that bring young people to embrace such life. It talks about the anger of many boys and girls met in gangs, drug-rehabilitation centres, street-children houses and prisons who contributed with their testimonials, writings and silences.

This work certainly will not change their lives nor resuscitate all those who were photographed and have already died amid general indifference. It will hopefully prompt questions such as: Is it right for society to consider youth living on the street like garbage? What can be done to reduce violence within the family? How can private drug-rehabilitation centres which operate with no skills or resources be controlled? What alternatives exist to imprisonment for minor crimes committed by youth in difficulty?

Under the auspices of: Centro de Información y Educación para la Prevención del Abuso de Drogas (CEDRO, Lima); Embassy of Italy in Peru, Embassy of Peru in Italy, Instituto Nacional Penitenciario (INPE), Metropolitan Municipality of Lima, Terre des Hommes, UNICEF (Lima), United Nations Interregional Crime and Research Institute (UNICRI), United Nations Office against Drugs and Crime (UNODC, Lima).

14:30

Plenary Session.

Inter-institutional Cooperation: Health and Justice.

(Languages: English, Italian, French and Spanish)

Presenter and moderator: Ms. Wansley Walters. Director Miami-Dade Juvenile Service Department. United States.

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Mr. Donald DeVore. Secretary of the Maryland Department of Juvenile Services. United States.

Dr. Joe Cocozza. National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice. United States.

Prof. Cyn Yamashiro. Clinical Professor and Executive Director of the Center for Juvenile Law and Policy at Loyola Law School. Los Angeles. United States.

“Overview of the juvenile legal system in the in the United States and the role of mental health and substance abuse counseling”.

ABSTRACT Professor Yamashiro will share an overview of the juvenile legal system in the in the United States and the role of mental health and substance abuse counseling. This overview will include the basic structure of the system as well as a brief description of its historical development. The presentation will also give an overview of the policies that have effected its development and how current policies affect the law and it’s the system’s efficacy. The discussion will highlight current juvenile law and policy and describe how the current system delivers mental health services and addiction counseling. In addition, Professor Yamashiro will discuss the specific role that attorneys play in coordinating mental health counseling both pre and post disposition. The presentation will include current practices in the United States from the perspective of attorneys representing youth in juvenile courts in the United States. The professor will discuss specific examples from the Center’s innovative juvenile delinquency legal clinic, where law students, mental health professionals, education specialists and professors provide direct representation of youth in juvenile court.

16:00

Coffee break.

16:30

Plenary Session.

Challenges in implementing International Standards: Mental health and juvenile offenders in the juvenile

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justice system.

(Languages: English, Italian, French and Spanish)

Presenter and moderator: Ms. Cristina Goñi. Director. European Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium.

Dr. Douglas Durán. Criminologist. Judge. Juvenile Justice Expert. Collaborator of the Latin American Juvenile Justice Observatory (LJJO). Costa Rica.

“Adolescent offenders with drug addiction problems facing the limitations of criminal juvenile justice in Central America”.

ABSTRACT The geographic location of Central America as a passageway for drugs between South America and the United States has generated a wide variety of problems in the isthmus which have been changing throughout time.

One of these changes was the mutation of this region which was used as a simple bridge for drugs to go to the North, but now these drugs remain in Central America as a way for example to pay the various cartels involved.

As a consequence there has been an important increase in drug use, and especially among minors, which now presents a new challenge. On the one hand because most of the illegal behaviour shown by adolescents is now related to drug use and, on the other hand because drug traffickers have started to use minors for their criminal activities.

So it is of our interest to critically reflect upon the way in which juvenile criminal systems react to the new situation and how criminal policies should be considered facing this new challenge.

Ms. Paula Miraglia. Director. International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (ICPC). Canada.

Ms. Imma Guerras Delgado. Follow up to the UN Study on Violence against Children, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Switzerland.

“Protecting children from violence in the juvenile justice system”.

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17:15

Conclusions.

Mr. CĂŠdric Foussard. Director. International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium.

Prof. Dr. Frieder DĂźnkel. Chair of Department of Criminology. Faculty of Law and Economics. Vice chancellor Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald. Germany.

17:30

Closing Ceremony.

Dr. Francisco Legaz. Chairman of the International Juvenile Justice Observatory. Belgium.

Dr. Serenella Pesarin. General Director. General Direction for the implementation of judicial provisions. Department for Juvenile Justice. Ministry of Justice. Italy.

Thursday,

November 11th 2010 Meeting European Council for Juvenile Justice European Juvenile Justice Observatory

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PRESENTATION.

ISTITUTO DON CALABRIA

The Mission Of The Istituto Don Calabria Is To Promote And To Carry Out The Fundamental Principles Of Its Own Spiritual, Religious, Cultural And Social Patrimony Through The Development Of Specific Services For Minors, Projects And Initiatives With The Aim Of Building An Active Citizenship And Promoting The Well-Being Of Marginalized Young People And Families Living In Poverty.

The Organization Promotes Paths And Projects To Meet All The Requirements Of Each Person.

The “Comunità San Benedetto” coordinates and supports the other offices (Milan, Ferrara, Palermo) operating in the field of juveniles safeguard.

Over the years, it has established activities in many countries to develop key values such as human relationship, solidarity, democracy and cooperate and support people in need to promote services and projects for the “inclusion and integration” of disadvantaged people. We have other offices located in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Angola, Kenya, Philippines, India, Russia, Romania and Colombia. Due to the territorial differences that characterize each country, different projects/actions were carried out to meet the real needs of the beneficiaries.

The headquarter in Verona manages diurnal and residential centres and carries out interventions in the field of rehabilitation and education for offenders, young people, handicapped and immigrants.

In the last few years it has also developed an office dedicated to the national and international projects implementing and increasing the European contacts through initiatives insisting on the issues of juvenile justice, foreign minors and restorative justice.

The activities can be divided into two fields of intervention:

From the 1900’s the Istituto Don Calabria accepts children in situations of disease. Since the second post-war period, as its founder St. Giovanni Calabria desired, the reception becomes the main aim of the Institute. In 1974 the “Comunità San Benedetto” was officially addressed to the reception of many children in the city of Verona. Over the decades, it has developed many types of diversified services to deal with minors diseases. Following the socio-cultural and legislative development of the recent years, the structure of the organization has modified and adapted progressively to the required quality standards.

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a) Juveniles safeguard/guardianship b) National and international planning The first can be divided in 4 principal sectors: -Residential and diurnal centres hosting adolescents with an educative project or program requested by the social services or the Juvenile Court (communities for minors with a family, social or psychological difficulty; family communities; apartments for young adults; diurnal educational and open centre); -Minors Safeguard Services carrying on specific activities

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related to the judicial safeguard, regulated by the local administration; - Educational Intervention House regarding activities of individual accompaniment for minors with particular diseases/ difficulties inside the family of origin; -Specific intervention projects in cooperation with the local municipalities involving minors and adolescents reported by social and health services for the improvement of their social integration;

Istituto don Calabria Don Calabria Institute Vicolo Pozzo n.23, 37129, Verone Tel. 0039.045.8033698 Fax 0039.045.8014848 mediazione@doncalabria.it www.csben.it

The second area regards the writing and the implementation of initiatives and projects at different levels: regional, national and international. The approach in the last years has varied, and it has mainly focused on specific issues as the unaccompanied foreign minors, juvenile justice, use of substances in the commission of crimes, work as integration factor, gender difference. The participation of the Department of Juvenile Justice in these actions is fundamental; also the cooperation and synergy with Public and Private sectors is giving an added value to the development of all the activities.

The Istituto Don Calabria is managing European projects with many countries (Belgium, Spain, United Kingdoms, The Netherlands, Bulgaria, Romania, France, Germany, etc) concerning juvenile offenders and other issues: tertiary prevention, respect for rights and good praxis of intervention. It’s also doing joint actions with Organizations and Universities in Canada and Colombia about the same topics.

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IJJO RECOPILATION

ON LEGAL TEXTS ABOUT MENTAL AND YOUNG OFFENDERS

United Nations International Standards 1. United Nations - International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights 1966 (entered into force Jan. 3, 1976) 12.1 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health

2. United Nations – Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice Beijing Rules (GA resolution 40/33 of 29 Nov 1985) 13. Detention pending trial 13.5 While in custody, juveniles shall receive care, protection and all necessary individual assistance - social, educational, vocational, psychological, medical and physical - that they may require in view of their age, sex and personality.

3. United Nations – Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 Article 39. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts.

Such recovery and reintegration shall take place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child.

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4. United Nations - Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (Havana Rules) Adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/113 of 14 December 1990 II. Scope and application of the rules.

11. For the purposes of the Rules, the following definitions should apply: (a) A juvenile is every person under the age of 18. The age limit below which it should not be permitted to deprive a child of his or her liberty should be determined by law; (b) The deprivation of liberty means any form of detention or imprisonment or the placement of a person in a public or private custodial setting, from which this person is not permitted to leave at will, by order of any judicial, administrative or other public authority.

12. The deprivation of liberty should be effected in conditions and circumstances which ensure respect for the human rights of juveniles. Juveniles detained in facilities should be guaranteed the benefit of meaningful activities and programmes which would serve to promote and sustain their health and self-respect, to foster their sense of responsibility and encourage those attitudes and skills that will assist them in developing their potential as members of society.

13. Juveniles deprived of their liberty shall not for any reason related to their status be denied the civil, economic, political, social or cultural rights to which they are entitled under national or international law, and which are compatible with the deprivation of liberty.

14. The protection of the individual rights of juveniles with special regard to the legality of the execution of the detention measures shall be ensured by the competent authority,

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while the objectives of social integration should be secured by regular inspections and other means of control carried out, according to international standards, national laws and regulations, by a duly constituted body authorized to visit the juveniles and not belonging to the detention facility.

V. Personnel 85. The personnel should receive such training as will enable them to carry out their responsibilities effectively, in particular training in child psychology, child welfare and international standards and norms of human rights and the rights of the child, including the present Rules. The personnel should maintain and improve their knowledge and professional capacity by attending courses of in-service training, to be organized at suitable intervals throughout their career.

5. United Nations - Principles for the protection of persons with Mental illness and the improvement of mental health care (Adopted by General Assembly resolution 46/119 of 17 December 1991) Principle 1. Fundamental freedoms and basic rights 1. All persons have the right to the best available mental health care, which shall be part of the health and social care system.

Principle 2. Protection of minors.

Special care should be given within the purposes of these Principles and within the context of domestic law relating to the protection of minors to protect the rights of minors, including, if necessary, the appointment of a personal representative other than a family member.

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European Texts 1. Council of Europe - Recommendation Rec(2000)20 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the role of early psychosocial intervention in the prevention of criminality.

Bearing in mind that these interventions involve partnership between the state, local community and local agencies; (…)

The Committee of Ministers, under the terms of Article 15.b of the Statute of the Council of Europe,

1. Programmes of early psychosocial intervention to prevent criminality should be developed on the basis that they are in the best interests of the children, families and society and in line with existing legal norms. They should in particular respect the privacy and integrity of children and their families and take due account of the principles of proportionality, non-stigmatisation and non-discrimination. [...]

Having regard to the growing concern about the increasing incidence of juvenile delinquency throughout Europe, which presently takes different and more persistent and violent forms; Bearing in mind that those who begin offending at an early age are most at risk of engaging in serious criminal behaviour and that there is some evidence of a trend towards young offenders beginning to offend at increasingly early ages; Considering that any society has a duty to ensure the full well-being of children and to see to it that their interests and rights are respected by all those with responsibilities towards them; Bearing in mind the primary importance of the family, parents and others charged with taking responsibility for the socialisation and up-bringing of children; Considering that children are still in the process of developing and that deficits in their socialization may lead to the onset of delinquency; Convinced that any reaction in terms of preventing criminality requires efforts across society, taking into account adverse social and economic circumstances of children, and deficits in their socialisation, personality and specific needs; Considering that special interventions should be made to ensure that, when a child is at risk of engaging in persistent criminal behaviour, such behaviour is effectively prevented, in particular, by promoting protective factors and reducing risk factors;

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II. Programmes of early psychosocial intervention in preventing criminality

6. It should be ensured that adequate resources are provided for early intervention to prevent criminality.

III. Children at Risk 8. All means designed to distinguish and deal with children at risk should be undertake in their best interests and in accordance with the rights of the holders of parental responsibility.

9. These means should observe the fundamental rights of children, such as physical and psychological integrity or the right to privacy. Exceptions should only be allowed if they directly benefit the child and are permissible in law.

IV. Implementation 11. Statutory as well as other arrangements should be developed for the provision of a wide range of programmes for early intervention to prevent criminality. [...]

13. In implementing psychosocial interventions, the following principles should be applied: effectiveness (…); minimum intervention (…); proportionality (…); non-stigmatisation (…); non-discrimination (…).

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14. Programmes should be planned, co-ordinated and delivered by local partnerships with a clear indication of who is in charge. They must include those responsible for social welfare, health and the education of children. If deemed appropriate they should work closely together with other relevant agencies such as youth protection, the police, and the voluntary and the private sector.

V. Research priorities 19. In order to promote the exchange of information and knowledge on what causes and prevents criminality and to make this available to policy makers, ways to improve national and international co-operation should be developed both within the scientific community and between the scientific community and those responsible for designing and implementing preventive programmes.

2. Recommendation Rec(2003)20 of the Committee of Ministers to member states concerning new ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency and the role of juvenile justice 8. To address serious, violent and persistent juvenile offending, member states should develop a broader spectrum of innovative and more effective (but still proportional) community sanctions and measures. They should directly address offending behaviour as well as the needs of the offender.

They should also involve the offender’s parents or other legal guardian (unless this is considered counter-productive) and, where possible and appropriate, deliver mediation, restoration and reparation to the victim.

3. Council of Europe - Recommendation Rec(2004)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member states concerning the protection of the human rights and dignity of persons with mental disorder.

Chapter V – Specific situations Article 29 – Minors 1. The provisions of this Recommendation should apply to minors unless a wider measure of protection is provided.

2. In decisions concerning placement and treatment, whether provided involuntarily or not, the opinion of the minor should be taken into consideration as an increasingly determining factor in proportion to his or her age and degree of maturity.

3. A minor subject to involuntary placement should have the right to assistance from a representative from the start of the procedure.

4. A minor should not be placed in a facility in which adults are also placed, unless such a placement would benefit the minor.

5. Minors subject to placement should have the right to a free education and to be reintegrated into the general school system as soon as possible. If possible, the minor should be individually evaluated and receive an individualised educational or training programme.

4. Council of Europe - Recommendation Rec(2006)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the European Prison Rules Part I. Scope and application 11.1 Children under the age of 18 years should not be detained in a prison for adults, but in an establishment specially designed for the purpose.

11.2 If children are nevertheless exceptionally held in such a prison there shall be special regulations that take account of their status and needs.

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Part II. Allocation and accommodation

Training of prison staff

18.8 In deciding to accommodate prisoners in particular prisons or in particular sections of a prison due account shall be taken of the need to detain:

81.3 Staff who are to work with specific groups of prisoners, such as foreign nationals, women, juveniles or mentally ill prisoners, etc., shall be given specific training for their specialised work.

c. young adult prisoners separately from older prisoners.

Work 26.5 Work that encompasses vocational training shall be provided for prisoners able to benefit from it and especially for young prisoners.

28.3 Particular attention shall be paid to the education of young prisoners and those with special needs.

The aim of the present rules is to uphold the rights and safety of juvenile offenders subject to sanctions or measures and to promote their physical, mental and social well-being when subjected to community sanctions or measures, or any form of deprivation of liberty. (‌)

Detained children

Part I – Basic principles, scope and definitions

35.1 Where exceptionally children under the age of 18 years are detained in a prison for adults the authorities shall ensure that, in addition to the services available to all prisoners, prisoners who are children have access to the social, psychological and educational services, religious care and recreational programmes or equivalents to them that are available to children in the community.

A. Basic principles

Education

35.2 Every prisoner who is a child and is subject to compulsory education shall have access to such education.

35.3 Additional assistance shall be provided to children who are released from prison.

35.4 Where children are detained in a prison they shall be kept in a part of the prison that is separate from that used by adults unless it is considered that this is against the best interests of the child.

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5. The imposition and implementation of sanctions or measures shall be based on the best interests of the juvenile offenders, limited by the gravity of the offences committed (principle of proportionality) and take account of their age, physical and mental well-being, development, capacities and personal circumstances (principle of individualisation) as ascertained when necessary by psychological, psychiatric or social inquiry reports. [...]

8. Sanctions or measures shall not be implemented in a manner that aggravates their afflictive character or poses an undue risk of physical or mental harm.

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Part II – Community sanctions and measures C. Legal Framework 28. The rights of juveniles to benefits in respect of education, vocational training, physical and mental health care, safety and social security shall not be limited by the imposition or implementation of community sanctions or measures.

Part III – Deprivation of liberty E. General part E.1. Overall approach 50.1. Juveniles deprived of their liberty shall be guaranteed a variety of meaningful activities and interventions according to an individual overall plan that aims at progression through less restrictive regimes and preparation for release and reintegration into society. These activities and interventions shall foster their physical and mental health, self-respect and sense of responsibility and develop attitudes and skills that will prevent them from re-offending.

tection of their physical and mental integrity and well-being. [...]

57. Juveniles who are suffering from mental illness and who are to be deprived of their liberty shall be held in mental health institutions. [...]

60. Male and female juveniles shall normally be held in separate institutions or units within an institution. Separation between male and female juveniles need not be applied in welfare or mental health institutions. Even where male and female juveniles are held separately, they shall be allowed to participate jointly in organised activities.

E.4. Admission 62.2. At admission, the following details shall be recorded immediately concerning each juvenile g. subject to the requirements of medical confidentiality, any information about the juvenile’s risk of selfharm or a health condition that is relevant to the physical and mental wellbeing of the juvenile or to that of others.

50.2. Juveniles shall be encouraged to take part in such activities and interventions.

[...]

62.6. As soon as possible after admission:

51. In order to guarantee the continuity of care, juveniles shall be assisted, from the beginning of and throughout any period of deprivation of liberty, by the agencies that may be responsible for them after release.

a. the juvenile shall be interviewed and a first psychological, educational and social report identifying any factors relevant to the specific type and level of care and intervention shall be made;

52.1. As juveniles deprived of their liberty are highly vulnerable, the authorities shall protect their physical and mental integrity and foster their well-being.

E.9. Health 69.1. The provisions contained in international instruments on medical care for the physical and mental health of adult detainees are applicable also to juveniles deprived of their liberty. [...]

52.2. Particular care shall be taken of the needs of juveniles who have experienced physical, mental or sexual abuse.

E.3. Placement 54. The placement of different categories of juveniles in institutions shall be guided in particular by the provision of the type of care best suited to their particular needs and the pro-

70.2. Special policies shall be developed and implemented to prevent suicide and self-harm by juveniles, particularly during their initial detention, segregation and other recognised high risk periods. [...]

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73. Particular attention shall be paid to the needs of:

sen the disorder and prevent rehabilitation, [...]

d. juveniles with physical and mental health problems;

O. whereas in most European Union countries there has been a move from long-term institutionalised care, both for children with developmental and behavioural problems which jeopardise their normal development, particularly in the educational sphere, and for adults with chronic and severe disorders and for those with learning disabilities, towards supported community living, but whereas this has been without proper planning and resourcing of community services, [...]

f. juveniles who have experienced physical, mental or sexual abuse; [...]

74.2. In order to provide a seamless web of support and therapy and without prejudice to professional confidentiality and the role of each profession, the work of doctors and nurses shall be closely co-ordinated with social workers, psychologists, teachers, other professionals and staff, who have regular contact with juvenile offenders.

F. Special Part F.3. Mental health institutions 117. Juvenile offenders in mental health institutions shall receive the same general treatment as other juveniles in such institutions and the same regime activities as other juveniles deprived of their liberty.

118. Treatment for mental health problems in such institutions shall be determined on medical grounds only, shall follow the recognised and accredited national standards prescribed for mental health institutions and shall be governed by the principles contained in the relevant international instruments.

119. In mental health institutions safety and security standards for juvenile offenders shall be determined primarily on medical grounds.

6. European Parliament resolution on improving the mental health of the population. Towards a strategy on mental health for the European Union (2006/2058(INI)) I. whereas approximately 40 % of all prisoners have some form of mental disorder and whereas they are up to seven times more likely to commit suicide than people in the community, and whereas inappropriate imprisonment can wor-

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20. Calls for a multi-disciplinary and multi-agency response to tackling complex mental ill health situations, such as how best to support children or adolescents with developmental or behavioural problems or eating disorders, and/or whose parents in many cases themselves suffer from mental ill health (or are kept in long-term institutions); [...]

22. Points out that mental ill health and mental disorders commonly have their roots in early childhood and stresses the importance of research into a healthy early childhood; [...]

28. Believes Member States should work together to find and implement effective strategies to reduce suicide, particularly among young people and other at risk groups; [...]

48. Believes that the term ‘treatment’ should be interpreted broadly, with the emphasis on identifying and eliminating social and environmental factors, while the use of medication should be a last resort, particularly in the case of children and young people; [...]; 49. Draws attention to the large number of children who grow up in state care institutions in some Member States, especially in some of the new ones; urges the Commission to support more effectively the creation of alternative systems, which would help parents from risk groups to care for their children properly; calls for the ‘Child and adolescent mental health in an enlarged Europe: development of effective policies and practices’ project, which would coordinate progress in children’s mental health strategy in the Member States, to be started as quickly as possible and effectively implemented; [...]

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52. Calls for more research into therapeutic and psychological interventions, into the development of more effective drugs with fewer side effects, into determinants of mental disorders and suicide, into outcome measurements for investment in mental health promotion and into methods contributing to successful recovery and remission; (…);

28. Stresses the need for the early detection and treatment of mental health problems in vulnerable groups, with particular reference to minors;

7. European Parliament - Resolution of 19 February 2009 on Mental Health (2008/2209(INI))

30. Calls on Member States and the European Union to cooperate in raising awareness of the deterioriating mental health situation of children with emigrant parents and to introduce school programs aimed at helping these youngsters to cope with the psychological problems related to the absence of their parents;

The European Parliament, Q. whereas the foundations for lifelong mental health are laid during a person’s first few years of life and whereas mental illness is common among young people, in whom early diagnosis and treatment is of the utmost importance, 3. Calls on the Member States to develop an awareness of the importance of good mental health, particularly among healthcare professionals and target groups such as parents, teachers, those providing social and legal services, employers, carers and, particularly, the public at large; Prevention of depression and suicide 21. Calls on the Member States to implement cross-sectoral programmes for the prevention of suicide, especially among young people and adolescents, promoting a healthy lifestyle, reducing the risk factors such as easy access to pharmaceuticals, drugs, harmful chemical substances and alcohol abuse; (…);

29. Proposes that mental health should be incorporated into the programmes of study of all healthcare professionals and that provision should be made for continuous education and training in that sector;

Combating stigma and social exclusión 44. Calls for the organisation of public information and awareness campaigns through the media, the Internet, schools and workplaces, in order to promote mental health, increase knowledge about the most common symptoms of depression and suicidal tendencies, destigmatise mental disorders, encourage people to seek the best and most effective assistance and promote the active integration of people experiencing mental health problems;

Mental health in youth and education 25. Calls on the Member States to provide support to school staff in order to develop a healthy climate, and build relationships between school, parents, health service providers and the community in order to strengthen the social integration of young people; [...]

27. Stresses the need for health system planning which meets the need for specialist mental health services for children and adolescents, taking into account the move from long-term institutionalised care towards supported living in the community;

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