International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR)
ISSN:[2454-1850]
[Vol-6, Issue-2, February- 2020]
The Effluent Quality Discharged and Its Impacts on the Receiving Environment Case of Kacyiru Sewerage Treatment Plant, Kigali, Rwanda Sindikubwabo Theoneste1, Nsanzumukiza Martin Vincent2, Nshimiyimana François Xavier3 Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Environment Studies, University of Lay Adventist of Kigali, P.O. Box 6392 Kigali-Rwanda.
Abstract— The study evaluates the performance of Kacyiru Sewage Treatment Plant and its effluent impacts on the receiving wetland. Influent and effluent wastewaters as well as receiving wetland water qualities were measured from April to September 2019, at Kacyiru estate. The average removal efficiency (%) of the parameters such as TN, TP, COD, BOD5 were recorded as 46.57; 61.49; 50.51; 66.79 respectively. The parameters such as pH, TDS, temperature value, were recorded within the prescribed limit of Rwanda standards for domestic wastewater discharge. The other parameters such as NTU, TN, TP, TSS, BOD5 and Fecal coliforms were not complying with National standards requirements for domestic wastewater discharge. The finding showed that the excess nutrient observed may present potential sources of pollution in wetland and decrease the oxygen levels which affect the water living organisms. The discharged effluents contain microbes which can negatively devastate the receiving environment, thus the effect of discharged wastewater on environment is significant. Keywords— Bacteriological parameters, physico-chemical parameters, receiving environment, sewage treatment plant, wastewater.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Discharged sewages are foremost contributors to the diversification of the physical and biological contamination of the environmental water bodies. Therefore, inappropriate sewage treatment systems, sewage and effluent frequently released in the environment arising to contamination. Around 33% of potable water demand of the world is acquired from freshwater, embankment, reservoirs and watercourse. These water sources receive also all municipal and industrial wastes (Joshua et al 2017). Worldwide, effective management of domestic used water becomes increasing challenges in small and large towns and cities. In big cities and towns of low- and middle-income countries, only conventional sewage treatment facilities are put in place, and not yet provided or forethought in small and areas with many citizens. As reported by(Kathy et al 2003),in densely populated areas and highly urban populated areas (slum) there is a need of transitional and complementary solutions for onsite sewage disposal which is frequently unfortunate. In developing countries, especially in Rwanda, there is enormous constraint for preserving the available natural resources. Inadequate sanitation has a great environmental economic as well as people's well-being implications. To minimize these impacts, the Government of Rwanda took several measures including increase of investment in sanitation sector (MININFRA , 2016), and involving the private and public campaigns to improve sanitary conditions countryside (Umuhoza et al 2010). This ensured in improving the status of sanitation for the coming years. Indeed, the actual condition of sanitation services in Rwanda is at 87.3% as reported in (EICV5 , 2018). In fact, WASAC ltd as a private institution owned by the Government, has a target to cover sanitation services at 100% in whole country by 2024. But, the technologies and their efficiency in treatment are still being serious challenge. The degradation of environment is mainly caused by the aimless dumping of municipal wastes. Discharged waste water to the land or into water is a menace to public health as well as a violation of the fundamental Right to Clean Environment (Edokpayi , 2016). Therefore, this study aims to assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of discharged final effluent of Kacyiru Wastewater treatment Plant, in Kigali city, and its impacts on the receiving environment.
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