International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI) 1401-1402
AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON LINSEED AND NEEM METHYL ESTERS BLEND
Pampana Devi supriya1, K.koteswara Rao2,Y Dhana Shekar3 1 Research Scholar,Department Of Thermal Engineering, Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433,Eg Dt,AP, India. 2 Associate Professor,Department Of Thermal Engineering, Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433,Eg Dt,AP, India. 3 Assistant Professor , Department Of Thermal Engineering, Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433,Eg Dt,AP, India.
Abstract Rapid depletion of Petroleum fuels and their demand lead man to search for alternatives fuels. At present the world is highly dependent on petroleum fuels and this results in a major drain of our foreign exchange recourses. Diesel engines are the most efficient power plants available today. Hence they are used for commercial transportation, agriculture and industrial power plants. The consumption of diesel is several times higher than petrol. Moreover the exhaust gases of these engines will cause considerable environmental pollution too. Vegetable oils are promising alternatives to diesel since their properties are very close. They are renewable and can be very easily produced in rural areas. In the present context of fossil fuel crisis, the importance of alternative fuel research for the internal engines needs no emphasis. Vegetable oils can be used as an alternative to diesel since their properties are very close to diesel fuel. They are also renewable. In the present work, experiments have been carried out to assess the suitability of linseed oil and neem oil as fuels in a diesel engine. Current investigations revealed that the performance of neem oil and linseed oil are very close to diesel. *Corresponding Author: Pampana Devi supriya , Research Scholar,Department Of Thermal Engineering, Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433,Eg Dt,AP, India. Published: December 19, 2014 Review Type: peer reviewed Volume: I, Issue : I
Citation: Pampana Devi supriya, An Experimental Comparative Study On The Performance Of Diesel Engine Operating On Linseed And Neem Methyl Esters Blend
INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW The world is presently confronted with double crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The fact that petroleum based fuels will neither be available in sufficient quantities nor at a reasonable price in future has revived interest in exploring alternative fuels for diesel engines. Thermodynamic tests based on engine performance evaluations have established the feasibility of using a variety of alternatives such as CNG, LPG, alcohols, biogas and vegetable oils etc. vegetable-oil-based fuels have considerable potential as an appropriate alternative. Since the fuel properties are similar to that of petroleum diesel. The major problem associated with direct use of raw vegetable oils is their viscosity. One possible method to overcome the problem of high viscosity is Tran’s esterification of oils to produce esters (commonly known as Biodiesel) of respective oils. Biodiesel is a non-polluting fuel made from organic oils of vegetable origin. Chemically it is known as free
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The esters of fatty acids derived from trans esterification of vegetable oils have properties closer to petroleum diesel fuels. These fuels tend to burn cleaner; perform comparably to conventional diesel fuel, and combustion is similar to diesel fuels. Diesel fuels have deep impact on the industrial economy of a country. These are used in heavy trucks, city transport buses, locomotives electrical generators, farm equipments, underground mine equipments etc. The consumption of diesel fuels in India for the period 2007-08 was 28.30 million tons, which was 43.2 percent of the consumption of petroleum products. This requirement was met by importing crude petroleum as well as petroleum products. The import bill on these items was 17,838 crores. With the expected growth rate for diesel consumption more than 14% per annum, shrinking crude oil reserves and limited refining capacity. India is likely to depend more on imported of crude petroleum products. HISTORY OF VEGETABLE OILS India is importing crude petroleum and petroleum products from Gulf countries. Indian scientists searched foran alternate to diesel fuel to preserve global environment and to withstand economical crisis. So, vegetable oils from plants both edible, crude non-edible and Methyl esters (Bio-diesels) are used as alternate source for Diesel oil. Bio-diesel was found as the best alternate fuel, technically and environmentally acceptable, environmentally competitive and easily available
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE OILS USED IN TEST ENGINE INTRODUCTION The general morphology of oil plants and seeds and availability of oils are explained. Combustion parameters such as density, viscosity, flash point, fire point, certain number, and calorific value of all types of chosen oils and their blends with diesel oils are presented in this chapter. Effect of blending vegetable oil with diesel and viscosity is discussed. Effect of heating on viscosity of oils and their blends with diesel is studied in this chapter. CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETABLE OILS The important physical and chemical properties of lin seed oil, castor oil, palm stearin oil, mahua oil and neem oils are determinated by using Indian standard (IS-1448).Instrumentationin fuels and lubricants laboratory of mechanical engineering department. Determination of density, calorific value, viscosity, flash point, fire point are carried out using hydrometer, bomb calorimeter, red wood viscometer and Able’s apparatus respectively. Density for all types of oils used is higher than that of diesel. Density of castor oil is 0.956 gm/cc, which is higher than that of other types of oils used. The lowest density among all chosen oils is 0.917 gm/ cc. Viscosity of all types of oils used is higher than that of diesel. In which viscosity of castor oil is highest followed by palm stearin, mahua, neem and linseed oil compared to diesel. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this project we tried to investigate the potential use of Linseed and Neem oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel. During the course of this project we have actually prepared Lin Seed Oil Methyl Ester (LSOME) (pure bio-diesel or B100). Various experiments were conducted on LSOME and the results were recorded. We collected the results of Neem Oil Methyl Ester from various journals and research papers. The results of LSOME and NOME were compared with conventional diesel. A brief introduction about the material used in this project is given below Linseed Oil Linseed oil, otherwise known as flax seed oil are simply flax oil. Its scientific name is linumusitatissimum, or linaceae. the yellowish drying oil is derived from dried ripe seeds of flax plant through pressing and extraction. It is available in varieties such as cold pressed alkali refined, sun Bleeched, sun thickened, and polymerized(stand oil) marketed as flax seed oil. Lin seed oil is the most commonly used carrier in oil paint. Several coats of linseed oil acts as the traditional protective coating for the raw willow of a cricket bat. Fresh, refrigerated, and unprocessed, linseed oil is used as nutritional supplement. It is available in asian countries.
Linseed Tree
Canada
633,500
People's Republic of China
480,000
India
167,000
United States
149,963
Ethiopia
67,000
Bangladesh
50,000
Russia
47,490
Ukraine
45,000
France
41,000
Argentina
34,000
World
1875,018 Leading Linseed
Scientific classification Kingdom
Plantae
Division
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Order
Malpighiales
Family
Linaceae
Genus
Linum
Species
L.usitatissimum
Binomial name
Linumusitatissimum Scientific classification
Neem Oil The scientific name of neem is azardirachtaindica. It belongs to the family meliaceae. the kernels contain 40% to 50% of an acrid bitter greenish yellow to brown oil with strong disagreeable garlic like odour. This bitter is to the presence of sulphur containing compounds like Nimbin, Nimbidin and Nimbo sterol. It is rich in oleic acid, followed by stearic, palmitic and alcolinic acids. The oil is used for illumination, soap making, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and medicinal fields(ayurvedic medicines). The purified oil is used in manufacturing disinfectable and emulsifieng agents which are used as insecticidal sprays. Neem oil is available in India and west Africa.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Composition of Free Fatty Acids Problems Associated With Vegetable Oils The straight vegetable oils that are extracted from seed’s cannot be used in a diesel engine directly due to following reasons • It has been when used for ter because of in the straight
NeemTree
Scientific classification
• The high viscosity, poly unsaturated character and extremely low volatility of vegetable oils are responsible for operational and durability problems associated with its utilization as fuels in diesel engines.
Kingdom
Plantae
Division
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Order
Sapindales
Family
Meliaceae
Genus
Azadirachta
Species
A. indica
Binomial name
Azadirachtaindica Scientific classification
Composition of Vegetable Oils Fats and oils are water insoluble hydrophobic substances primarily composed of fatty esters of glycerol (triglycerides). Structurally, a triglyceride is reaction product of one molecule of glycerol (C3H8O3) with 3 molecules of fatty acids to yield 3 molecules of water and 1 molecule of triglyceride. The carbon chain length and number of unsaturated bonds varied in fatty acid chain length, the number of unsaturated bonds and interaction between the combinations. Palmitic acid (16:0), Stearic acid (18:0), Oleic acid (18:1), Linoleic acid (18:2), Linolenic acid (18:3) are commonly present acids in vegetable oils in varying percentages. Fatty acids fully saturated with hydrogen have no double bonds. Fully saturated triglycerides are solid at room temperature and thus as such cannot be used as fuels. As a result they are more susceptible to oxidation and thermal polymerization. The chemical composition for cotton seed and mahua oils is given in the following table Sl.No
Fatty Acid Composition
1
Structure
observed that straight vegetable oils long hours tend to choke the fuel filhigh viscosity and insoluble present vegetable oils.
• High viscosity of vegetable oils causes o poor fuel atomization o large droplet size and their high spray jet penetration • The jet tends to be a solid stream instead of a spray of small droplets. As a result the fuel is not distributed or mixed properly with the air required for burning in the combustion chamber. This results in poor combustion accompanied by loss of power and economy. EXPERIMENTALSETUP AND PROCEDURE The experiments were conducted on single cylinder, water cooled, kirloskar-DI. Diesel engine coupled to an rope brake dynamometer. the specifications of the engine are given in table 4.1. The engine was run at rated speed of 1500RPM. ENGINE SPECIFICATION Engine specification BHP
5HP
Speed
1500 rpm
Bore
80mm
Stroke
110m
Compression ratio
16.5:1
Orifice diameter
17mm
Method of start
crank start
Make
Kirloskar
Type of ignition
compression Ignition
Lin Seed oil
Neem Oil
Palmitic Acid C 16:0
6%
16%
2
Stearic Acid
C 18:0
2.5%
13%
3
Oleic Acid
C 18:1
19%
46%
Type
Rope brake
4
Linoleic Acid
C 18:2
24.1%
14%
Diameter of brake drum
300mm
5
Linolenic Acid
C 18:3
0.4%
--
Diameter of rope
16mm
Effective radius of brake drums
58 mm
Dynamometer Specifications
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
•Repeat the above step for different loads up to full load. •Allow the engine to stabilize on every load change and then take the readings. •Before stopping the engine remove the loads and make the engine stabilized. •Stop the engine pulling the governor lever towards the engine cranking side. Check that there is no load on engine while stopping.
(a) (b) (a) 4- Stroke diesel engine (b) Dynamometer Description It is a 4 stroke, vertical, single cylinder, water cooled, constant speed diesel engine which is coupled to rope brake drum arrangement to absorb the power produced. The engine crank started. Necessary dead weights and spring balance are included to apply load on brake drum. Suitable cooling water arrangement for the brake drum is provided. Separate cooling water lines fitted with temperature measuring thermocouples are provided for engine cooling. A measuring system for fuel consumption consisting of a fuel tank, burette, and a 3- way cock mounted on stand and stop watch are provided. Air intake is measured using an air tank fitted with an orifice meter and a water U- tube differential manometer. Also digital temperature indicator with selector switch for temperature measurement and a digital rpm indicator for speed measurement are provided on the panel board. A governor is provided to maintain the constant speed. Procedure Note down engine specifications and ambient temperature. •Calculate full load (W) that can be applied on the engine from the engine specifications. •Clean the fuel filter and remove the air lock. •Check for fuel, lubricating oil and cooling water supply. •Start the engine using decompression lever ensuring that no load on the engine and supply the cooling water •Allow the engine for 10 minutes on no load to get stabilization. •Note down the total dead weight, spring balance reading, speed, time taken for 10cc of fuel consumption and the manometer readings.
(a) Engine (b) Manometer & Temperature (c) Fuel filter (d) Loads
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
Indicated thermal efficiency Brake thermal efficiency Mechanical efficiency Volumetric efficiency Relative efficiency or effective ratio Mean effective pressure Mean Piston speed Specific power output Inlet – valve Mach Index Fuel – Air or Air – Fuel ratio
ηith ηbth ηm ηv ηre pm Ŝp Ps Sfc F/A
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (Ηith) Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of energy in the indicated power, ip, to the input fuel energy in appropriate u 14
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
It increases as manifold pressure increases. For any particular engine, operating at a given speed and power output, there will be a specific indicated mean effective pressure, imep, and a corresponding brake mean effective pressure, bmep. They are derived from the indicated and brake power respectively. Indicated power can be shown to be Brake Thermal Efficiency(Ηbth) Brake thermal efficiency is the ratio of energy in the brake power, bp, to input fuel energy in appropriate units.
Mechanical Efficiency (Ηm) Mechanical efficiency is defined as the ratio of brake power (delivered power) to the indicated power (power provided by the piston) ηm = bp/ip = [bp]/[bp+fp] It can also be defined as the ratio of brake thermal efficiency to indicated thermal efficiency Volumetric efficiency (ηv) Volumetric efficiency is defined as the volume flow rate of air into the intake system divided by the rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
Where ρais the inlet density If ρais taken as the atmospheric air density, the ηvrepresents the pumping performance of the entire inlet system. If it is taken as the air density in the inlet manifold, then ηvrepresents the pumping performance of the inlet port and valve only. Relative efficiency or effective ratio (ηrel) Relative efficiency or effective ratio is the ratio of thermal efficiency of an actual cycle to that of the ideal cycle. The efficiency ratio is a very useful criterion which indicated the degree of development of the engine.
Mean Effective pressure (Pm) Mean effective pressure is the average pressure inside the cylinder of an internal combustion engine based on the calculation or measured power output.
Then, the indicated mean effective pressure can be written as
Similarly, the brake mean effective pressure is given by
Where ip = Indicated power (kW) pim= Indicated mean effective pressure (N/m2) L = Length of the stroke (m) A= Area of the piston (m2) N= Number of power strokes N/2 for 4 – Stroke engines K= Number of cylinder Another way of specifying the indicated mean effective pressure pim, may be defined as pim=(Area of the indicator diagram)/(length of the indicator diagram) where the length of the indicator diagram is given by the difference between the total volume and the clearance volume. EMISSIONS Emissions Reduction with Bio-Diesel Since Bio-diesel is made entirely from vegetable oil, it does not contain any sulfur, aromatic hydrocarbons, metals or crude oil residues. The absence of sulfur means a reduction in the formation of acid rain by sulfate emissions, which generate sulfuric acid in atmosphere. The reduced sulfur in the blend will also decrease the levels of corrosive sulfuric acid accumulating in the engine crankcase oil over time. Lower Hydrocarbons Emissions Bio-diesel is comprised of vegetable oil methyl esters, that is, they are hydrocarbon chains of 15
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
the original vegetable oil that have been chemically split off from the naturally occurring “triglycerides” and its one end of the hydrocarbon chain are oxygenated. That leads to lowering the hydrocarbon emissions. Lower Hydrocarbons Emissions Bio-diesel is comprised of vegetable oil methyl esters, that is, they are hydrocarbon chains of the original vegetable oil that have been chemically split off from the naturally occurring “triglycerides” and its one end of the hydrocarbon chain are oxygenated. That leads to lowering the hydrocarbon emissions. Smoke and Soot Reductions Smoke (Particulate material) and soot (unburnt fuel and carbon residues) are of increasing concern to urban air quality problems that are causing a wide range of adverse health effects for the citizens, especially in terms of respiratory impairment and related illness. FUEL CONSUMPTION The fuel consumption characteristics of an engine are generally expressed in terms of specific fuel consumption in kilograms of fuel per kilowatt-hour. It is an important parameter that reflects how good the engine performance is. It is inversely proportional to the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Indicated specific fuel consumption (kg/kwh) SL.NO
LOAD
DIESEL
LSOME B10
LSOME B20
NOME B10
NOME B20
1
0
0.2719
0.235
0.229
0.255
0.29
2
2
0.2491
0.213
0.196
0.234
0.20
3
4
0.2094
0.199
0.186
0.215
0.191
4
6
0.2010
0.196
0.180
0.204
0.182
5
8
0.1974
0.190
0.176
0.195
0.174
6
10
0.1929
0.189
0.174
0.191
0.168
7
12
0.1905
0.186
0.171
0.188
0.164
8
14
0.1982
0.183
0.177
0.185
0.162
9
16
0.1987
10
17
0.183
0.177
0.183
0.60
0.181
0.180
0.182
0.158
Comparison graphs of BSFCVs load of LSOME &NOME blends with Diesel
Sfc = Specific fuel consumption per unit time/power Brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and indicated specific fuel consumption (isfc) are the specific fuel consumption on the basis of BP and IP respectively.
Comparison graphs of ISFC Vs load of LSOME & NOME with Diesel
Comparing brake specific fuel consumption and indicated specific fuel consumption of diesel with LSOME AND NOME.
brake specific fuel consumption SL.NO
LOAD
DIESEL
LSOME B10
LSOME B20
NOME B10
NOME B20
1
0
∞
∞
∞
∞
∞
2
2
1.0021
0.860
0.83
0.894
0.81
3
4
0.526
0.501
0.42
0.623
0.47
4
6
0.403
0.394
0.36
0.423
0.39
5
8
0.350
0.335
0.312
0.391
0.345
6
10
0.312
0.296
0.28
0.334
0.30
7
12
0.289
0.280
0.261
0.292
0.28
8
14
0.286
0.263
0.25
0.275
0.265
9
16
0.273
0.255
0.24
0.265
0.260
10
17
0.255
0.248
0.254
0.245
After analyzing the brake and indicated specific fuel consumption (bsfc and isfc) in case of diesel, with lsome and nome it has been found that the bsfc and isfc is decreasing for Bio-Diesel when compared to diesel.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Brake Power, Indicated Power Comparing Brake power, Indicated Power of Diesel with LSOME AND NOME. Comparison graphs of BP Vs Load of LSOME &NOME with Diesel
Brake mean effective pressure is the portion, which produces use full power delivered by the engine. IMEP = BMEP + FMEP Comparing brake mean effective pressure, indicated mean effective pressure of Diesel with LSOME & NOME Comparison graphs of BMEP Vs Load of LSOME &NOME with Diesel
After analyzing the brake power in case of diesel, LSOME & NOME it is found the brake power is slightly equal and increasing when compared to Diesel.
Comparison graphs of IMEP Vs Load of LSOME & NOME with Diesel
Comparison graphs of IP Vs Load of LSOME &NOME with Diesel
After analyzing the indicated power in case of diesel, LSOME AND NOME it has been found that the indicated power is decreasing when compared to diesel. Mean Effective Pressure Mean effective pressure is the average pressure inside the cylinders of an IC engines based on the calculated power output. It increases as manifold pressure increases for any particular engine operating on given speed and power output there will be specific indicated mean effective pressure (imep), and a corresponding brake mean effective pressure (bmep). Indicated mean effective pressure may be considered to consist of fmep and bmep, two hypothetical pressures. Friction means effective pressure is that portion of imep, which is required to overcome frictional losses.
After analyzing the brake mean effective pressure (bmep) and indicated mean effective pressure (imep) in case of diesel, LSOME & NOME it has been found that mep is increasing and imep is decreasing. Air-Fuel Ratio The relative properties of the fuel in the engine are very important from the stand point of combustion and the efficiency of the engine. This is expressed either as artio of the mass of the fuel to that of the air or vice-versa. A mixture that contains just enough air for complete combustion of all the fuel in the mixture is called a chemically correct or stoichometric fuel-air ratio.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
Comparing the Air-Fuel ratio of Diesel with LSOME & NOME. Comparison graphs of A/F Vs B.P of LSOME& blends and Diesel
to Diesel. Brake Thermal Efficiency & Indicated Thermal Efficiency Indicated thermal efficiency is ratio of energy in the indicated power (IP) to imput fuel energy in appropriate units. Brake thermal efficiency is the ratio of energy in brake power (BP) to input fuel energy in appropriate units. Comparing the Brake thermal efficiency & Indicated thermal efficiency of Diesel with LSOME & NOME Comparison graphs of Brake Effvs Load of LSOME & NOME with Diesel
After analyzing the Air-Fuel ratio in case of Diesel, LSOME &NOME it has been found that Air-Fuel ratio is increasing when compared to Diesel. Volumetric Efficiency Volumetric efficiency is defined as the volume flow rate of air into the intake system divided by the rate at which the volume is displaced by the system. This is one of the very important parameters which decides the performance of 4- stroke engines, 4-stroke engines have distinct suction stroke and therefore the volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine. It is to be noted that utilization of the air is what going to determine the power output of the engine. Hence, an engine must be able to take in as much as air as possible
Comparison graphs of indicated Effvs Load of LSOME & NOME with Diesel
Comparing the Volumetric Efficiency of Diesel with LSOME & NOME. Comparison graphs of vol vs load of LSOME & NOMEwith Diesel
After analyzing the Brake thermal & indicated thermal efficiency in case of Diesel, LSOME & NOME it has been found that the Brake thermal efficiency is increasing, and Indicated thermal efficiency is also increasing when compared with Diesel.
After analyzing the Volumetric Efficiency in case of Diesel, LSOME & NOME it has been found that Volumetric Efficiency is increasing when compared
Mechanical Efficiency Mechanical efficiency is defined as the ratio of brake power to indicated power. It takes into account the mechanical losses in an engine. Mechanical losses of an engine may be further sub-divided into following groups. i)Friction losses as in case of pistons, bearings, 18
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
gears, valve mechanisms etc. ii)Power is absorbed by the engine auxiliaries such as fuel pump, radiator, magneto and distributor, electric generator for battery charging, radiator fan etc. iii)Ventilating action of flywheel. iv)Work of charging the cylinder with fresh charge and discharging the exhaust gases during the exhaust stroke. Comparing the Mechanical efficiency of Diesel with LSOME & NOME Comparison graphs of MechEffvs Load of LSOME & NOME with Diesel
sesses less knocking tendency. •Low sulphur content and hence environment friendly. •Enhanced lubricity, there by no major modifications is required in the engine. •It is usable within the existing petroleum diesel infrastructure (with major or no modification in the engine. CHALLENGES The major challenges that face the use of vegetable oil as IC engine fuels are listed below. •The price of vegetable oil is dependent on the feed of stock price. •Feed stock homogeneity, consistency and reliability are questionable. •Storage and handling is difficult (particularly stability in long term storage) •Flash point in blends is unreliable. •Compatibility with IC engine material need to be studied further. •Cold whether operation of the engine is not easy with vegetable oil. •Acceptance by engine manufacturers is another major difficulty. •Continuous availability of the vegetable oil needs to be assured before embarking on the major use of it in IC engines. TECHNICAL DIFFICULTS
After analyzing the Mechanical efficiency in case of Diesel, LSOME & NOME it has been found that the mechanical efficiency is equal when compared to Diesel A slight drop of efficiency was found with methyl esters (bio-diesel) when compared with diesel. This drop in thermal efficiency must be attributed to the poor combustion characteristics of methyl esters due to high viscosity. It was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10 and B20 are very close to brake thermal efficiency of diesel. B20 methyl ester had equal efficiency with diesel. So B20 can be suggested as best blend for bio-diesel preparation. ADVANTAGES From the review of literature available in the field of vegetable oil usage, many advantages are noticeable. The following are some of advantages of using vegetable oil as I.C. engine in India. •Vegetable oil is produced domestically which helps to reduce costly petroleum imports. •Development of the bio-diesel industry would strengthen the domestic and particularly the rural, agricultural economy of agricultural based countries like India. •It is biodegradable and non-toxic. •It has 80% heating value compared to that of diesel. •It contains low aromatics. •It has reasonable cetane number and hence pos-
The major technical areas (with respect to the use of vegetable oils as fuels in IC engines.) which need further attention are the following. •Development of less expensive quality tests. •Study of the effects of oxidized fuel on engine performance and its durability. •Emission testing with a wide range of fed stocks. •Co-products development like the recovery of glycerol at reduced cost. •Efforts to be focused on responding to fuel system performance, material compatibility petroleum additive compatibility and low fuel stability under long term storage. •Continued engine performance , emissions and durability testing in a variety if engine types and sizes need to be development to increase consumer and manufacturer confidence. •Environmental benefits offered by vegetable oil over diesel fuel needs to be popularized. •Studies are needed to reduce the production cost, develop low cost feed stocks and identity potential markets in order to balance cost and availability. •Development of additives for improving cold flow properties, material compatibility and presentation of oxidation in storage etc. CONCLUSIONS •Researchers in various countries carried out many experimental works using vegetable oils as IC engine fuel substitutes.Based on the result of this 19
International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)
study i.e physical and chemical properties of linseed oil and neem oil suggest that it cannot be used directly as CI engine fuel due to higher viscosity and density which will result in low volatility and poor atomization of oil injection in combustion chamber causing incomplete combustion and carbon deposits in combustion chamber.The physical and chemical properties results of all blends show that of 20% straight LSOME and NOME have a value of viscosity and density equivalent to range of CI engine fuel,therefore it can be concluded that 20% blend for LSOME and NOME can be used to run the CI engine satisfactorily at short term basis.The use of vegetables oils as IC engine fuel can play a vital role in helping the developed world to reduce the environment impact of fossil fuel. •Transesterification process is a methos to reduce viscosity of vegetable oil with low production cost. •Blending of 20% LSOME and NOME resulted in an improvement in brake power,brake thermal efficiency,indicated thermal efficiency,volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency •Using LSOME and NOME as fuel additive to diesel causes an improvement in engine performance and reduction in exhaust emissions. •A diesel engine can perform satisfactorily on biodiesel blends(B20) without any engine hardware modification
my journal,74(march/april):35-39,(1982) 8. F.K.Forson, e.K.Oduro, e.Hammond-donkoh, performance of jatropha oil blends in a diesel engine with deccan hemp oil, fuel, april(2006). 9. K.Pramanik,properties& use of jatrophacurcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine, renewable energy 28(2003) pp:239-248 10. Www.Biodiesel.Com 11. Dr apj abdul kalam, hon’ble president of india “dynamics of rural development“93rd indian science congress annual report 2005-2006 pp no 34 12. Shri rangaraju k 2005” manufacturing of biodiesel”,agri and herbal vision,special issue on national sminar-biodiesel fuel for the future,junejuly,pp25-32. 13. Ramadhas as,jayaraj s,lakshmi narayana rao.K,”experimental investigation on non-edible vegetables oil operation in diesel engine for improved performance”,national conference on advances in mechamnicalengineering,jntu,anatapur,india 2002. 14. Narayan cm. Vegetableoil as fuels-prospectandr etrospect.”Proceedings on recent trends in automotive fuels,nagarpur india,2002. AUTHORS
REFERENCES 1. A.Siva kumar, dr d.Maheswar & dr. K.Vijaya kumar reddy, cpmparision of performance parameters by using fish oil and jatropha oil as biodesel, international conference on ic engines(iconice), dec6-9, (2007),pp:617-619. 2. Pvk.Murthy, m.V.S.Murali krishna, c.M.Varaprasad & a.V.Sita rama raju performance of high grade low heat rejection diesel engine with crude pongamia oil, international conference on ic engines (iconice),dec6-9,(2007), pp:40-43. 3 S.Naga sarada, g.Sudharani, m.V.S.Muralikrishna, k.Kalyani radha experimental investigation on lhr engine with carbureted methanol and crude jetropha oil as alternate fuels,international conference on ic engines (iconice), dec6-9,(2007),pp:640-643. 4.Bruwer,j.J., B.D.Boshoff, f.J.C.Hugo, l.M.Duplessis,j.Fuls, c.Hawkins,a.N.Vonderwalt, &a.Engelbert.The utilization of sunflower seed oil as renewable fuel diesel engines. In agricultural energy vol2, biomass energy/crop productin4-8, st.Joseph, mi:asae(1981). 5. Yarbrough, c.M., W.A lepori, & c.R.Engler, compression ignition performance of sunflower seed oil as diesel fuels for alternate replacements asae paper no. 81-85(1981) St.Joseph,mi:asae 6. Tahir, a.R., H.M.Lapp, & l.C.Buchannan,sunflower oil as a fuel for compression ignition engines. Vegetable oil fuels, proceedings of the international conference on plant & vegetable oil fuels ,st. Joseph,mi:asae(1982) 7. Bettis , b.L., C.L peterson, d.L.Auld, d.J.Driscoll & e.D.Peterson, fuel characteristics of vegetable oil from oil seed crops in the pacific northwest agrono-
Pampana Devi supriya Research Scholar (mtech in Thermal Engineering) Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433, Eg Dt,Ap,India.
K.koteswara Rao. Assistant professor Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433, Eg Dt,Ap,India.
Y Dhana Shekar, Assistant Professor , Kits, Peddapuram(M) Tirupathi Village, Divili 533-433, Eg Dt,AP, India
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