Piping For Cooling Water Circulation between Cooling Tower and Condenser

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and Condensor Naved A. Shaikh1 V.L.Bhambere2 1 M.E Student 2Principal 1 AEC College of Engineering, Chikhli 2Anuradha Polytechnic College, Chikhli Abstract— In thermal power plant, as we know that exhaust steam from turbine goes to heat recovery unit and from there the exhaust stem goes to the condenser to condense. In shell and tube heat exchanger, cooling water as a cooling medium running inside the tubes whereas steam is inside the shell.

So to have sufficient amount of cooling water, we require continuous flow of water from the cooling tower. Our main project aim is to provide a piping between condenser and cooling tower. So in this particular project, we will make basic documents such as pfd, p&id, plot plan, equipment layout, piping ga drawing, isometrics, mto, piping specifications, pump specification, calculations, and stress analysis etc.

Key words: Pfd, p&id, mto

II. STRESS ANALYSIS Piping Stress analysis is a term applied to calculations, which address the static and dynamic loading resulting from the effects of gravity, temperature changes, internal and external pressures, changes in fluid flow rate and seismic activity. Codes and standards establish the minimum requirements of stress analysis.

A. Purpose of Piping Stress Analysis Purpose of piping stress analysis is to ensure: – Safety of piping and piping components.

– Safety of connected equipment and supporting structure.

Piping deflections are within the limits.

I. INTRODUCTION A. Tower Pumping Tower pumping does not present great difficulty in terms of good pump application. This is because of a normally high order of application safety factor. Troubles do occur occasionally, however, and these troubles can be classified as caused by: 1) Incorrect pump head estimation.

2) Pump cavitation and loss of pumping ability, as caused by inadequate pump suction pressure.

3) Air in pump suction; as caused by tower pan vortex, pan drain down or faulty bypass.

4) Unstable pump operational points as caused by:  Improper application of tower bypass controls.  High pressure drop tower spray nozzles in combination with tower bypass.

5) Inadequate maintenance procedures causing:  Plugged suction strainer.  Lack of tower treatment with consequent fouling of the condenser.

Fig. 1: Stresses in Pipe III. MODES OF FAILURES There are various failure modes, which could affect a piping system. The piping engineers can provide protection against some of these failure modes by performing stress analysis according to piping codes.

A. Failure by Gernral Yielding: Failure is due to excessive plastic deformation.

It is intended that each potential trouble source be evaluated so that the necessary design safeguards can be erected against operational problems.

B. Yielding At Sub Elevated Temperature: Body undergoes plastic deformation under slip action of grains.

B. Open “Tower” System Pump Head Requirements The pumping head determination procedure for the “open” tower piping loop differs from the conventional “closed” loop piping circuit used for most Hydronic (Heat-Cool) applications. The difference concerns consideration of “open” loop static heads. The closed loop circuit has no need for consideration of static heads for pump selection because of a balance or cancellation of static heads between the supply and return risers. Static head lost by water flow to any height in the supply piping is cancelled by a static head “regain” as water flows down the return piping. The only pump head requirement for the “closed” loop is that due to flow-friction pressure drop; static heights are not considered.

C. Yielding At Elevated Temperature: After slippage, material re-crystallizes and hence yielding continues without increasing load. This phenomenon is known as creep.

D. Failure by Fracture: Body fails without undergoing yielding.

E. Brittle Fracture: Occurs in brittle materials.

F. Fatigue: Due to cyclic loading initially a small crack is developed which grows after each cycle and results in sudden failure.

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Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and Condensor (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/074)

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

E. Line Diagram of Piping, Shows Following: – Operating and Design temperature – -Operating and Design pressure – -Insulation required-Thermal tracing – -Hydro test pressure-Bill of material – -Inch-dia, Inch Meter-Piping Class – -Pipe support locations-Service of fluid – -Points of weld, its marking -Pipe support type

Fig. 2: Piping For Cooling Tower and Condenser Used nearly stages of process studies. Working pattern for process put down with rectangular boxes inserting physical or chemical operation.

V. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS Process and operation apparent Shows Equipment's selected to carry out the process. Only Essential instrumentation is shown. Temperature, Pressure, Flow and concentration at significant Points shown.Starting point for Design Engineer to Design A. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram:Combination of detailed equipment Flow diagram and instrumentation Diagram. Central source of information to design group. All important information are included Numbering schemes adopted for identification of equipment & Piping. It also shows various instruments, valves etc used in the system.

Fig. 3: Isomeric Diagram Most discussions concerning tower and/or open piping circuits would simply define the required pump static energy head as Ho (in Figure 3); the “open” height of the piping circuit. This is, however, an ever-simplified assumption which may or may not be true depending on whether or not a “siphon draw” is established in the down comer return piping DE. The nature of the down comer siphon draw and its limitations should be evaluated. H D A B C Water Level Pump Suction Side Water Will Reach This Level Without Pump Work, “H” Cancels Condenser Discharge Piping E Hs Hr Ho

B. Plant Layout       

Space requirements to be known for products & by products Raw material, Process equipment's.

Schematic Flow Pattern Future Expansion Program Weather condition Building code requirement Waste disposal Govt rules.

C. Piping General Arrangement – Provides Routing Of Pipe With Respect To Equipments And Existing Structure.

– Information Provided : – Equipment Location & Orientation.

– Lines With Line Numbers.

– Instrument Tag. – Routing Of Pipe Between Euiqpments.

– Location Of Existing Equipment & Interconnecting Piping.

– Routing Of Pipe Between Equipments.

D.   

Isometric Drawing 1.Three dimensional representations 2. Used for fabrication & erection 3. Stress Analysis models

Fig. 3: Typical “Open” Tower Piping Circuit VI. CONCLUSION (ANALYSIS) With the help of PDMS (plant design management system) and CAESAR 2 software we get the better result. The PDMS is used for piping design and CAESAR 2 is used for stress analysis. After the piping design the stress analysis done.

Stress analysis is give the idea about on which point the stress is more it is indicate by red colour by software. To remove the stress we put the elbow and increase the support to make the system flexible.

VII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT The piping between cooling tower and condense is directly implement by this project and we get better result.

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Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and Condensor (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/074)

REFERENCES [1] “Product and Application Hand Book 2012”.

[2] GPM/Ton Condenser Water Flow Rate – Does It Save Energy?, Kirsner Consulting Engineering, February 6, 2002 [3] GPM/Ton Condenser Water Flow Rate: Does It Waste Energy?, Wayne Kirsner, P.E., ASHRAE Journal, February 1998, Pages 63 through 69 Can Improving OffDesign Chiller Performance Be as Easy as Redesigning a Chart?,HVAC&R Engineering Update,York International Corporation, 1999

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