Mechanism for Transverse Car Parking

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Mechanism for Transverse Car Parking Smitesh Bobde1 Prafull Shirpurkar2 Pravin Wanjari3 1,2,3 Assistant Professor 1,2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering 1 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research Wanadongri, Nagpur-11, India 2,3 Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur Abstract— Today parking a car on side of the road is mechanism can also be use as a built in-jack to raise the car major problem. Every time while parking and removing car from the parking space consumes fuel and space. Also we have to leave some space in the front and back side of car so that removing it outside would be easy. We also have to reverse car several time while parking and crashes occurs sometimes. So to overcome this problem we designed a prototype showing transverse car parking mechanism. The mechanism is attached with the car from the bottom side which will lift the car on four small sized wheels by means of pneumatic or hydraulic system and then it moves transversely. The four auxiliary wheels can flip inside so that when we are not using mechanism the ground clearance of the car will be unaffected. This type of mechanism can also use as in-built jack to replace damaged wheels. This type of mechanism will be very much useful for people in emergency cases like removing car from the road in case it’s not starting and this mechanism will work on the battery.

Key words: Parking Solutions, Transverse Car Parking Mechanism, Smart Parking, Modeling, Simulation, Space Optimization, In-Built Jack.

I. INTRODUCTION With the dramatic increase of the automobile use in India, parking has become an integral part of the modern urban setting and an important land use. Today, parking related concerns are no longer confined to the city center; they extend throughout the urban region. Parking contributes to the appearance of city and suburbs; affects traffic congestion and traffic operations; and is a vital component of the urban street and transit systems. Its availability influences the choice of mode and route of travel, affecting the viability and competitive posture of commercial areas. Most of research work reported in the literature confirms that angle parking is more hazardous than parallel. The principal hazard in angle parking is the lack of adequate visibility for the driver during the back-out maneuver. Additional hazard results from the drivers who stop suddenly upon seeing a vehicle ahead in the process of backing out. Several more studies have compared the crash experience of angle and parallel parking and reported crash rates for parallel parking to be from 19 to 71% lower than those for angle parking.

When on-street parking is deemed necessary, it should be of parallel rather than angle type. Our project aim is to make on-street parallel parking easy and more beneficial into society. We designed a prototype showing the transverse car parking mechanism. This mechanism can be attached with a modern car.

This mechanism contains pneumatic or hydraulic system which lifts the car on small auxiliary four wheels.

Auxiliary wheels have a 90 degree angle with respect to longitudinal axis of car. The auxiliary wheels can be flipped inside the car space while the mechanism is not in use. This

for changing tires or repairing works.

A. Project Objective  The aim of the project is to reduce the parking problems related with on-street parking.  To develop a mechanism for parking a car transversely for space optimization.  To save the fuel and efforts require during car parking.

B. Statement of Problem in Parallel Parking The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. Here there is no backward movement involved while parking or un-parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the safest parking from the accident perspective. However, it consumes the maximum curb length and therefore only a minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a given kerbed length.

This method of parking produces least obstruction to the ongoing track on the road since least road width is used.

II. MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY A. Components Of Design 1) Main Frame: Main Frame is representing as a car chassis. MS Steel is use in main frame.

Fig. 1: Main Frame

Fig. 2: Pneumatic Cylinder fixed with the Main Frame 2) Auxiliary Frame: This frame will hold the auxiliary wheels and flipping mechanism. MS Steel used for auxiliary frame.

Fig. 3: Auxiliary Frame

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Mechanism for Transverse Car Parking (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/060)

Fig. 4: Cylinder Piston, Auxiliary wheels and Auxiliary Frame Assembly 3) DC geared motor: It is mechanically commutated electric motor, powered by direct current (DC). DC geared motor runs in both directions. four motors having 10 rpm and two motors having 30 rpm are use.

4) Pneumatic Cylinder: Pneumatic cylinder is use to lift the main frame. It is a double acting cylinder. Diameter of cylinder is 32mm and stroke length is 50mm.In a double acting cylinder, air pressure is applied alternately to the relative surface of the piston, producing a propelling force and a retracting force.

As the effective area of the piston is small, the thrust produced during retraction is relatively weak. The impeccable tubes of double acting cylinders are usually made of steel. The working surfaces are also polished and coated with chromium to reduce friction.

Tan Tangent of angle (see below) CLF - Left Front tire circumference CRF - Right Front tire circumference C - (CLF + CRF) / 2 (average circumference) r - Axle Height

Fig. 7: Centre of Gravity 1) How Does All This Work?

The center of gravity height is found using the rules of trigonometry and right triangles. Specifically, we are using the Law of Tangents, and the Pythagorean Theorem. The following diagrams are greatly exaggerated for illustration purposes.

Tan = opposite / adjacent Pythagorean Theorem, So, in our exercise, when we raise the car 10" we are creating a right triangle with the following properties:  Hypotenuse = Wheelbase = c  Opposite = Height = b  Adjacent = a Therefore using the Pythagorean Theorem,

Fig. 5: Double acting pneumatic cylinder.

5) Lead Screw: Lead screw and nut is use for flipping mechanism.

6) Chain Drive and Sprockets: There are two sprockets in the prototype model, one at the top and one at the bottom which is attached to the chain at both ends. It is driven by 6 Volts DC geared motor to run the system. Main frame is moved by the chain and sprockets.

7) Auxiliary Wheels: Four wheels having 70mm diameter.

8) Main Wheels: Four wheels having 150mm diameter.

III. DESIGN & FABRICATION 1) Center of Gravity Height Formula

Related Formulas

Definition of Variables CGH - Center of Gravity Height WB - Wheelbase (inches) TW - Total weight FW1 - Front weight LEVEL FW2 - Front weight raised FWc - FW2 - FW1 (change in weights) HT - Height raised (inches) Adj - Adjacent side (see below)

Fig. 8: Assembly of Transverse car Parking Mechanism done in CATIA Software.

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Mechanism for Transverse Car Parking (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/060)

Fig. 9: Assembly of Flapping Mechanism.

The project work has been completed up to the assembly of the total model and simulation for the working of the model for all sample input conditions, the testing of the model has been done. The desired output has been obtained.

Fig. 12: Auxiliary wheels in flap position

IV. THE CONFIGURATION OF MODEL AND WORKING The system contains a battery of 12 V, Pedestal Bearings, Lead screws, Geared motors. In this type of mechanism auxiliary frame is attached with a cylinder piston. Flap plate is fixed with the auxiliary frame such that it will rotate only 900 which have four auxiliary wheels attached to it making 900 with longitudinal axis of car. For fixing auxiliary frame centre of gravity is located in CAD model. After pressing the controller buttons the pneumatic cylinder (Double Acting) having 5/2 directional control valves is activated due to which the whole auxiliary assembly comes down.

The flapping of auxiliary wheels can be controlled by controller. The flapping of mechanism is controlled by lead screws movement. When the pneumatic cylinder pushes the auxiliary frame the whole car is lifted and the car is ready to move in transverse direction. The transverse movement of car is controlled by controller. The controller activates 30 rpm auxiliary wheels motors. In order to provide stability to auxiliary wheels lead screws are helpful.

Fig. 13: Completely Assembled Model V. CONCLUSIONS The design and development of a prototype of the Transverse car parking mechanism has been done under the scope of a B.E. mechanical engineering project. Auxiliary wheels, DC motors are used to provide movements to transport the vehicle in the parking system. Pneumatic system is use to lift the main frame The main advantages are space optimization, cost effectiveness and safety, less fuel consumption and it can be use like built-in jacks.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge Mr. Smitesh Bobde (Asst.

Prof.) for his enthusiastic guidance, Mr. S. Dhomne (Asst.

Prof.) for supporting us. We would also like to acknowledge Mr. S. V. Prayagi sir, (HOD of the Mechanical Department, DBACER) for giving us opportunity to present this paper.

REFERENCES

Fig. 10: Auxiliary wheels in un flap position

Fig. 11: Pneumatic cylinder lifting main chassis

[1] V.W.S. Tang, Y. Zheng, and J. Cao, "An Intelligent Car Park Management System based on Wireless Sensor Networks," Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications,pp. 65-70, Aug 2006.

[2] Sheng-Fuu Lin , Yung-Yao Chen , "A vision-based parking lot management system"., 2006 IEEE Conferenceon Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Peter. C, pp. 2897-902, Oct. 2006.

[3] Q.Wu, C. Huang, SyuWang, W. chen Chiu, and T.Chen. Robust parking space detection considering interspace correlation. In Proceedings of IEEE InternationalConference on Multimedia and Expo, pages 659-662,2007.

[4] N. True. Vacant parking space detection in static images.University of California, San Diego, 2007.

[5] Phillip Ian Wilson , John Fernandez, Facial feature detection using Haar classifiers, Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, v.21 n.4, p.127-133, April 2006.

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[6] Rainer Lienhart and Jochen Maydt. An Extended Set of Haar-like Features for Rapid Object Detection. IEEE ICIP 2002, Vol. I, pp. 900-903, Sep. 2002.

[7] Proceedings of MUCEET2009 Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology June 20-22, 2009, MS Garden,Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

[8] “Reassessing On-Street Parking” by Wesley E. Marshall, Norman W. Garrick, and Gilbert Hansen in 2008.

[9] Pneumatic Application & Reference Handbook by Bimba Manufacturing Company.

[10] SIMPLIFIED VALVE CIRCUIT GUIDE A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING PNEUMATIC [11] DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES [12] Management of Parking Spaces in the Walled City of Jaipur Sample study of Jauhari Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar

by Riddhima CCS Working Paper No. 245 Summer Research Internship Programme 2011 Centre

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