Stabilisation of Black cotton Soils by Using Groundnut Shell Ash

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Stabilization of Blackcotton Soils by using Groundnut Shell Ash P.V.S Madhusudhan1 G. Naveen kumar2 1 M.Tech. Student 2Assistant Professor 1,2 Department of Geotechnical Engineering 1,2 Gokul Institute of Technology and Sciences, Piridi, Bobbili, Andrapradesh, India Abstract— Due to rapid increase in the world’s population there is increased demand for food, and this has resulted in the production of different types of crops and consequently large amounts of agricultural wastes are generated. Hence it is necessary to dispose these agricultural wastes safely on to the environment. On other hand BC soils expands and contracts due to changes in the moisture content of the soil, causing structural problems through differential movement of the structure. This isolated movement of sections of the structure can cause damage to building foundations and cracking in the exterior or interior wall covering leads to uneven floors etc. Also cause severe cracking in pavements, swimming pools, pipelines, sidewalks, highways etc. Hence there is need to stabilize expansive soil. From these discussion we should find out the solution for the above two problems. After studying several research papers it is concluded that agricultural wastes can be used effectively in stabilization of BC soils. This project presents stabilization of BC soils using groundnut shell ash since its production increased to large extent. On addition of groundnut shell ash in increment of 15% from 0to 60% to BC soils different experiments on plasticity characteristics, compaction characteristics, shear strength characteristics are conducted .And found gradual improvement in geotechnical properties of black cotton soils.

Key words: Blackcotton Soils, Groundnut Shell Ash

Expansive soils can typically be recognized in the lab by their plastic properties criteria are available to identify and characterize expansive soils, such as liquid limit, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, shrinkage index.

These swelling clays can control the behavior of any type of Soil if the percentage of clay is more than about 5 percent by weight. Expansion of soils can also be measured in the lab directly Shrink swell soils also called heavable soils can produce more damage to buildings than hurricanes, floods, earthquakes that combinely cause.

(a) (b) Fig. 2: (a) Ground nuts (b) shell ash Degree of expansiveness DFSI (%) Low Less than 20 Moderate 20 to 35 High 35 to 50 Very high Greater than 50 Table 1: Degree of expansiveness and possible damage

I. INTRODUCTION

II. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

Expansive soils are being distributed widely over all geographical locations in the world. These soils cause distress to the structures founded on them because of their high swelling potential due to the presence of various clay minerals like montmorillonite, bentonite, smectite, vermiculite, illite and beidellite etc.

When soil gets wet these clay minerals absorb water molecules and expand or when they dry they shrink leaving large voids in the soil. This shrinkage can remove support from buildings or other structures and result in damaging. Fissures in the soil can also develop. These Fissures can facilitate the deep penetration of water when moist conditions or runoff occurs. These swelling clays derived from residual soils also exert uplift pressures

From the literature, it is found that, In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of groundnut shell ash on the geotechnical properties of BC soils. The addition of ash in different percentages to with soil is done in laboratory.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM The experimental program carried out for sieve analysis, specific gravity of materials, plasticity characteristics, compaction characteristics, direct shear test, unconfined compressive strength these tests are conducted as per standards.

Fig. 1: Expansive Soils

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Stabilization of Blackcotton Soils by using Groundnut Shell Ash (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/056)

From the above table and graph it is observed that specific gravity is decreased.

Fig. 9: DFSI VS %ASH From the above table and graph it is observed that there is decrease in results and the percentage of decrease is 60%.

Fig. 3: Test setup IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig. 10: UCC VALUES VS %ASH GRAPH Fig. 4: LL, PL, PI and %Ash Content from the table and graph its observed that liquid limit,plastic limit and plasticity index values are decreases.

Fig.11: Cohesion vs %ash content Fig. 5: OMC Vs %Ash Content

Fig. 6: MDD VS %ASH GRAPH From the tables and graphs it is observed that OMC is decreases and MDD is increases.

Fig. 12: Angle of friction vs %ash graph A. Discussion: From the table and graphs it is observed that cohesion values are decreases and angle of friction values are increases.

V. CONCLUSIONS

Fig. 7: CBR VS %ASH GRAPH

From the investigation we can say that there is decrement as well as increment in a few cases in the experiments which we have done. In experiment CBR have an incerse in the results. This increment varies between 40 to 150. The plasticity characteristics have decrement in the results.The increment or decrement of results depends upon the percentage of ground nut shell ash added to black cotton soil.

The below table gives brief description about increment or decrement of soil properties.

Fig. 8: SG VS %ASH GRAPH

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Stabilization of Blackcotton Soils by using Groundnut Shell Ash (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/056)

Name Of the experiment Increase or decrease Liquid limit decrease Plastic limit decrease Plasticity index decrease Shrinkage limit decrease Differential free swell decrease Unconfined compression test decrease compaction OMC decrease Dry density increases California bearing ratio At 2.5mm increases At 5.0mm increases Shear box C decrease ᶲ increases Table 2: Increment or decrement of soil properties

[11] Musa Alhassan (2008)”Potentials of Rice Husk Ash for Soil Stabilization” . Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology ; Minna , Niger State, Nigeria [12] Manasseh(2012) “ palm kernel shell ash stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavements, as highway pavement materials”, journal of sustainable development and Environmental Protection Vol.2 No.1 98 [13] Urena(2012)”use of biomass ash as a stabilization agent for expansive”, department of geodynamics, university of granada, campus de fuentenueva s/n. granada. spain. cgunieto@ugr.es

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank Department of Civil Engineering staff and management of Gokul Institute of Technology and Sciences for their support in doing this work.

REFERENCES [1] El Haggar(2003)”Agricultural waste as an energy source in developing countries”, The American university in cairo Egypt.

[2] Dr.samir(2005”) Environmental services for improving water qualities management” Agricultural Research centre MALR [3] Sabitti EN(2011)”Utilising agricultural waste to enhance food security and conserve the Environment”, Volume11 no:6 [4] Saranjeet Rajesh Soni(2011)”Disposal of agricultural waste for black cotton soil stabilization” ,Volno.8 International journal of advanced engineering sciences and technologies.

[5] A sridharan(2000)”Classification procedure for expansive soils”.

[6] Ijimdiya, T.S.(1995)” Attenuative capacity of compacted black cotton soil treated with Bagasse”, Department of civil engineering, Ahamadu Bello University, Zario, Nigeria.

[7] Babayemi(2008)Application of Waste Cashew Nut Shell Ash Showed Significant Reduction in Mobility of Pb and Cd in Waste Battery Contaminated Soil, Department of chemistry,Nigeria.

[8] Akpabio,E.E(2012)Effects of eggshell ash on strength properties of cement –stabilized lateritic.International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering & Technology , Vol 3, Issue 1, 2012.

[9] kerrane(2005) classified about “what are expansive soils ?”

[10] Amu(2011) “Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with sugarcane straw ash ”, Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Osun State, Nigeria.

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