A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System Vaibhav Shukla1 Gazala Rashid2 R. K. Sherma3 Harpreet Singh Bedi4 1,2 P.G. Student 3HOD 4Assistant Professor 3 Department of Electrical 1,2,3,4 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Abstract— Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is very important part of the solar generation system. This paper presents the basic need and the various methods and techniques of maximum power tracking (MPPT) control. Every technique of MPPT control is evaluated based on its ability to detect multiple maxima, efficiency of the output solar power, cost and way of implementation, rate of convergence etc. the Perturbation and Observation technique and Incremental conductance Technique are widely used in MPPT control due to their advantages.

Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) system, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), DC to DC step up converter

good dynamic performance of the MPPT control system, various algorithms are used and these algorithms changes the converter duty cycle in order to achieve the maximum power point. There are two different methods for achieving the MPPT; the first method is direct method which is mainly based on the MPP searching by sensing the input and output of the dc to dc converter and by adjusting the duty cycle of that converter, while second method is searching techniques in conjunction with the closed loop strategy.

I. INTRODUCTION The electrical power demand is increasing day by day but the conventional energy resources are limited, so for generation of electrical energy the use of the nonconventional energy resources increase. There is a another factor that is environmental issue, The use of fossil fuel negatively affect the our environment in form of air pollution, noise pollution, global warming etc. The Solar and Wind energy are the prime energy resources and having the ample amount of energy without affecting the environment condition. The plentiful availability of solar energy is made possible to harvest and utilized it properly.

The solar irradiation reaching to the earth in a year, which can provide more than ten thousand times over the need of energy required by whole world in a year. Electricity generation by solar system have long term potential. Due to the technology development day by day the size of energy conservation mechanism is greatly reduces.

II. STANDALONE SOLAR SYSTEM The standalone Solar system is very beneficial and cost effective in compare to on grid system for Remote areas.

The main components of the standalone solar system are following1) PV Cell Array (Solar Panel) 2) DC to DC Step-Up Boost Converter 3) PWM Inverter 4) Controller 5) Storage System (Battery Bank) III. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT) The Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) is basically an algorithm which is used for extracting the maximum available power from the solar system and increases the capacity of the PV array. For extracting the maximum power of the PV array is accomplished by the series connection of DC to DC step up converter between PV array and the energy storage system or load. In order to obtain a

Fig. 1: Voltage (V) IV. MPPT CONTROL TECHNIQUES A. Voltage Control TechniqueThe o/p voltage is regulated to a constant value in all conditions and one in which o/p voltage is regulated based on a constant ratio to measured open circuit voltage. Means the operating point of the PV array is reached near the maximum power point by changing the array voltage and compare to the predefined reference voltage , this reference voltage value chosen in such way that it give the optimal performance and MPP as well as this is also the ratio of open circuit voltage.

B. Current Control TechniqueThe current control method uses the sweep waveform for the PV array current „I‟ in a such a way the „I-V‟ characteristics is obtained and updated at fixed time interval in which the MPPT voltage is calculated.

C. Perturbation and Observation TechniqueThe PV array voltage is adjusted by the controller with a small amount from the array and measured the power.Hill Climbing control Technique- If P & O technique gives the oscillation in the power output so i t is call Hill climb technique because it depends on the rate of rice of curve of power verses voltage under the PPM.

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A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/131)

D. Incremental Conductance Technique – In this technique the controller measures the incremental change in PV array voltage and current to determine the effect of voltage change. dI/dV =incremental conductance of the PV array and dP/dV is the change of power with respect to change in voltage. These two factors are use in this MPPT technique.

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Fig. 2: Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique.

V. LITERATURE SURVEY 1) In this paper author describe that for continuously bring in maximum power from the solar cell panels, they have to operate at their maximum power point (MPP) rather than the normally changes in the atmosphere. This paper author investigates the concept of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm due to this the efficiency of the standalone PV system increases significantly. The control voltage source and the current source inverters are used to interface the modeled panel with the rest of the system and the dc to dc boost converter are built using the Sim Power system library in the MATLAB. This paper shows that MPPT techniques help to increase the generated output at same irradiation conditions.

2) This paper represents the design, implementation and analysis of a parallel connected MPPT (maximum power point tracking) system of a standalone PV system. During the PV generation the negative influence of the power converter losses is reduced due to parallel operation of MPPT system so the efficiency increases. The power converter works multi functions as charging the battery, as a battery regulator, as a step up (boost) converter in the MPPT circuit. The standalone PV system is proposed with less numbers of energy processing stages which are allowing to implementation of the high efficiency PV generation system.

3) This paper represents the design of the standalone PV system with battery backup. For increases the efficiency of the PV system the coordinated MPPT control of parallel system is used. The multi variable as well as multi loop controller is designed to control the current of each parallel system. This paper also compares the series and parallel MPPT system control. The capacity

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and the cost of the proposed system can be optimized while the energy generating and energy of battery provided unintended Power. Author also shows the advantage of the parallel operation of the PV system due to negative influence of the losses of power converter so the efficiency of the PV generating system increases.

This paper represents a MPPT control system which is able to track the very fast irradiation change.so the internal stability of the whole closed loop system is capable for the various load conditions. This paper evaluated the performance of the close loop under different irradiation and set point changed parametric uncertainty and dc bus load variations. The proposed MPPT control technique is based on the model of the step up DC to DC boost converter and an IOL technique, this IOL technique establish a linear mapping of duty cycle verses the PVM voltage. Author also describes the strategy to generate the voltage reference for the control algorithm.

This paper represent the MPPT control technique based on the neuro-Fuzzy technique for the PV system of the standalone hybrid generation system. The PV-wind system output having lesser cost in compare to individual solar or wind generation system with same capability it means the energy cost of the hybrid PVwind generation system is always lesser than the standalone PV or wind system separately for all type of load demand. In the PV generation system for achieving the maximum generated output power the P&O (Perturb and Observed) MPPT technique is used in this paper.

The MPPT is be possible to vary the PV operating voltage and search the maximum power at the PV cell.

For getting the better results instead of the neural network, hybrid neuro-fuzzy network techniques can be used.

This paper represents the Quasi-Z-Source inverter for the interface between the DC source of PV system and the load. The author used the MPPT (Maximum power point Tracking) system based on the artificial intelligence. The artificial intelligence is based on the Neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) which offers extremely fast response as well as very high accuracy.

Author tested the proposed technique for isolated load conditions because for the standalone PV system o/p voltage of Quasi-Z- source inverter is regulated and the o/p power is determined by the corresponding load demand. Paper shows that the ANFIS based MPPT control is more stable and faster than the traditional Perturb and observe (P&O) based MPPT control method. The duty ratio is controlled using this ANFIS to achieve the maximum PV output, at the load side the frequency and the magnitude of the voltage is regulated by the controlling the modulation index of the interface of Quasi-Z-source inverter.

This paper represents the Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) technique for achieving the Maximum power point of the standalone PV generation system. In the PSO technique find the maximum power point by finding the maximum voltage point. The results of his paper shows that the tracking efficiency of the online PSO based MPPT control system is more than the 97%

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A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/131)

with the convergence time of 14 milliseconds. So that it is observed that the PSO based MPPT control technique having very high tracking efficiency with large capability and very fast response of the system relatively. These results also shows that the PSO based MPPT control not having any requirement of any derivatives calculation it means this technique is robust and noise resistive.

8) This paper represents the standalone PV generation system with the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS). In this proposed configuration the PV system data acquisition card and an adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS). This model can predict the various signals recorded from the data acquisition system for the next day the these predicted signals also be used to study of the performance of standalone PV system. The results show the ANFIS control scheme is having very fast response because the all signals are already predicted so that the accuracy is also very high for the stand alone PV generation System.

9) this paper represent the design and the implementation of the robust fuzzy control based PV system with Taguchi tuned scaling factor. The fuzzy control provides a systematic approach of linguistic control strategy based on the automatic control algorithm. The Taguchi Tuning method is basically based on orthogonal matrix experiments to efficiently determine optimal quality characteristics for desired objectives.

The results of this paper shows that the PV system operates in either in Grid connected or standalone, the proposed control scheme is robust to variation of PV voltages and load condition comparatively other control schemes.

10) This paper represents a fuzzy logic controller for the standalone PV system to improve the reliability.

Nonlinear control techniques are used for the nonlinear load in standalone system. These control techniques are implemented which are based on the load polarity assessment and a fuzzy controller, this fuzzy controller having the two fuzzy variables and five fuzzy sets.

Author introduces a new parameter WLLP (Weighted loss of load probability) in this paper. WLLP is the sum of LLP of individual loads. Authors also show that WLLP control technique in fuzzy controller introduces the significant improvement in performance of standalone PV system which is identified in its results.

But the results are partially useful when the system is heavily loaded and falls in the low energy state.

VI. CONCLUSION In this paper, we are studying the proper meaning and the function of the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking).

By surveying the many research papers related to MPPT control of standalone PV generation system we are discussing about the various methods and techniques of the MPPT control. MPPT control is a very important port of the PV generation system for getting the more efficient and economical power output. We are also discussing about the various algorithms which are using in MPPT control.

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