Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Mixing On Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Mixing on Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete G. Divya1 G. Naveen Kumar2 M.Tech Student 2Assistant Professor 1,2 Gokul Institute of Technology and Sciences, Piridi, Bobbili, Andrapradesh, India 1

Abstract—Water is an important ingredient of concrete, which not only actively participates in the hydration of cement but also contributes to the workability of fresh concrete. Naturally available water contains many numbers of chemical impurities like chlorides, various salts and acids in different concentrations. HCl is not a common natural chemical compound, but it can cause damage to concrete in industrial environments .The effects of hydrochloric acid on concrete are multiple .If there is presence of industrial disposals containing HCl and such water is used in construction has several problems. Studies on gravel concrete and conventional concrete are performed with 0 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml per liter HCl acid solution. M20 grade gravel concrete conventional concrete are designed based on IS 10262-1982 code. The mix proportions for gravel concrete is 1: 0.5 : 1.53 : 2.92 and conventional concrete is 1 : 0.5: 1.44: 3.28. The cubes and cylindrical specimens are prepared as per mix proportions. The Compressive strength of cube specimens after 7days, 28days and 60 days curing period and split tensile strength for 28 days curing period are performed. The compressive strength values obtained for 28 days curing without HCl are 24.31N/mm2 and 35.1N/mm2 for gravel and conventional concrete respectively. The compressive strength values obtained after 28 days curing with 50 ml per liter HCl mixing in water are 19.51N/mm2 and 33N/mm2 for gravel and conventional concrete respectively. The compressive strength values obtained after 28 days curing with 100 ml per liter HCl mixing in water are 19N/mm2 and 31.3N/mm2 for gravel and conventional concrete respectively. The compressive strengths cube specimens are decreased with increasing HCl acid for a given duration and increased with increasing curing period at a given concentration of HCl. Key words: Compressive Strengths of Gravel Concrete, hydrochloric acid, HCL I. INTRODUCTION Earth is predominantly used for various construction purposes which in turn leads to depletion of natural resources and also leads to increase in the cost of resources.

So there is necessity to use of alternatives instead of natural resources to reduce the cost and also to reserve the resources. In case of location of work which is far away from the granite sites leads to increase in the transportation cost which in turn increases the cost of construction. Hence by the application of locally available gravel and quarry dust which is treated as waste obtained from quarrying sites. By the application of such materials makes effective economical concrete which can be utilized for mass concrete applications.

Concrete is an assemblage of cement, aggregate and water. The most commonly used fine aggregate is sand derived from river banks. The global consumption of natural sand is too high due to its extensive use in concrete. The

demand for natural sand is quite high in developing countries owing to rapid infrastructural growth which results supply scarcity. Therefore, construction industries of developing countries are in stress to identify alternative materials to replace the demand for natural sand. On the other hand, the advantages of utilization of by products or aggregates obtained as waste materials are pronounced in the aspects of reduction in environmental load and waste management cost, reduction of production cost as well as augmenting the quality of concrete. In this context, fine aggregate has been replaced by quarry dust a by-product of stone crushing unit and few admixtures to find a comparative analysis for different parameters which are tested in the laboratories to find the suitability of the replacement adhered to the Indian Standard specifications for its strength. Quarry dust has been used for different activities in the construction industry such as road construction and manufacture of building materials such as light weight aggregates, bricks, and tiles.

Crushed rock aggregates are more suitable for production of high strength.

The use of quarry dust in concrete is desirable because of its benefits such as useful disposal of by products, reduction of river sand consumption as well as increasing the strength parameters and increasing the workability of concrete .It is used for different activities in the construction industries such as road construction, manufacture of building materials, bricks, tiles and autoclave blocks.

Water is an essential constituent of concrete, which not only actively participates in the hydration of cement but also contributes to the workability of fresh concrete.

Naturally available water contains many numbers of chemical impurities like chlorides, sulphates , various salts and acids in different concentrations and also if there is presence of any industries which release chlorides may dissolve in water and make water polluted. Generally the standard of water that is used for making concrete should be potable. I.S. 456-2000, specifies the minimum pH values as 6.0 and also permissible limits for solids in water to be fit for construction purpose. But the drinking water may not be always available abundantly for mixing and curing. The impurities in water affect the strength and durability of hardened concrete. HCl is not a common natural chemical compound, but it can cause damage to concrete in industrial environments. The effects of hydrochloric acid on concrete are multiple. The changing mineralogy due to the leaching processes causes a loss of strength. The damage resulted from HCl corrosion is dangerous for safe application of concrete structure, especially when the structure is subjected to tensile or bending load. After HCl corrosion, the flexural strength loss of the high strength concrete is larger than that of the normal strength concrete, which indicates that the sensitivity to HCl corrosion increases with increasing concentration.

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Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Mixing on Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/139)

Water is the major component in the concrete, if such water is polluted or it may contain HCl as impurity. If such water is used for construction causes damage to strength of building and reduces the life span if building.

If the water containing impurity HCl is used in construction purposes it causes leaching the concrete and also damages its strength. The presence of chlorides causes a severe damage to the strength and reduces the life of building.

Hence for this purpose we studied the presence of HCl in the concentrations of 0 ml,50 ml,100 ml solution are performed on both gravel concrete and on conventional concrete .And comparison is made between gravel concrete and conventional concrete in terms of compressive strength, split tensile strength.

Soil stabilization is one of the techniques for improving the properties of poor soils. The engineering properties of the soils and gravels, such as plasticity and strength can often be improved significantly by mechanical stabilization, cement stabilization, lime stabilization and addition of chemical stabilizing agents. Generally cement stabilization is used for granular and sand soils for improving the strength and durability of the soils.

Cement stabilization is generally recommended for construction of roads. The major engineering benefits of cement stabilization are increased strength and stiffness, better volume stability and increased durability.

Fig. 1: Variation of Compressive Strength of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete without HCL

Fig. 2: Variation of Compressive Strength in Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete with 50ml HCL

II. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE From the literature, it is found that, In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the The compressive strength,split tensile strength for the given concentration of HCl acid the strength, compressive strength for the given duration . testes are conducted in laboratory.

Fig. 3: Variation of Compressive Strength in Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete with 100ml HCL

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM The experimental program carried out for sieve analysis, specific gravity of materials, compressive strength and tesile strength tests are conducted as per standards.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compressive Strength Characteristics: The compressive strength can be calculates as Compressive strength = load / area Split tensile strength = 2 × load/ (π× d× l) The gravel concrete strength is less when compared to conventional concrete hence it can be applied for mass concrete applications since it reaches certain strength. Hence found its application by reduction in cost and to make an effective economical concrete.

Fig. 4: Comparison between Compressive Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete for 7 Days Mixing and Curing with HCl. From the above graph it is observed that the strength in gravel concrete and conventional concrete are decreasing as the concentration of HCl solution increases in the concrete. Thereby it can be empathize that the strengths are decreasing irrespective with the period of curing and mixing.

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Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Mixing on Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/139)

Fig. 5: Comparison between Compressive Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete for 28 Days Mixing and Curing with HCL. From the above graph it is observed that the strengths in gravel concrete and conventional concrete are decreasing as the concentration of HCl solution increases in the concrete. Thereby it can be empathize that the strengths are decreasing irrespective with the period of curing and mixing. The decline in the compressive strengths are larger in magnitude when compared to the compressive strengths of gravel concrete and conventional concrete for 7 days mixing and curing with HCl concentration.

Fig. 6: Comparison between Compressive Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete for 60 Days Mixing and Curing with HCL. From the above graph it is observed that the strengths in gravel concrete and conventional concrete are decreasing as the concentration of HCl solution increases in the concrete.Thereby it can be empathize that the strengths are decreasing irrespective with the period of curing and mixing.

The decline in the compressive strengths for 60 days mixing and curing of both gravel and conventional concrete are larger in magnitude when compared to both the compressive strengths of gravel concrete and conventional concrete for 7 days and 28 days mixing and curing with HCl concentration.

Fig. 7: Variation of Split Tensile Strength in Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete for 28 Days Mixing and Curing with HCL. The decrease in split tensile strengths in both gravel and conventional concrete are due to acid attack on cylindrical specimen by Hydrochloric acid. Hence there is significant reduction in the split tensile strength in both gravel concrete and conventional concrete.

Fig. 8: Comparison between Split Tensile Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete for 28 Days Mixing and Curing with HCL. From the above graph it is observed that the split tensile strength in both gravel concrete and conventional concrete are decreasing as the concentration of HCl solution increases in the concrete. Due to the acid attack of HCl on cylinder specimen causes decrease in the split tensile strength in both gravel concrete and conventional concrete.

V. CONCLUSIONS The major conclusions from the results are summarized below: 1) The waste obtained from stone crushing plants can be used as substitute for sand for reserving the natural resource and also economical.

2) The locally available gravel can be used with quarry dust and cement to produce effective economical concrete which is applicable for mass concrete applications.

3) The compressive strength for the given concentration of HCl acid the strength increased with increasing the curing period.

4) The compressive strength for the given duration of curing decreased with increasing concentration of HCl.

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Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Mixing on Strengths of Gravel Concrete and Conventional Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/139)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank Department of Civil Engineering staff and management of Gokul Institute of Technology and Sciences for their support in doing this work.

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[8] Sachin Balkrishna Kandekar, Amol Jagannath Mehetre, and Vijayshree A. Auti (2012), “Strength of Concrete Containing Different Types of Fine Aggregate”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Vol. 3, Issue 9, ISSN 2229-5518.

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