Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 11, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete Nitin Pandagre1 Devansh Jain2 Dr. Gyanendra Singh3 1 M. Tech Scholar 2Assistant Professor 3Professor 1,3 Patel Institute of Technology, Bhopal 2UIT-RGPV, Bhopal Abstract— Plastic waste was the byproduct of plastic industries and also it is collected from local area and it contains junk tv, radio, cds etc. coconut shells is a byproduct of coconut industries. This dissertation shows study on the results of an investigation of effect of plastic waste and coconut shells as coarse aggregate replacement in concrete mix. Concrete mixes containing various contents of the coconut shells and plastic waste were prepared and properties material and concrete such as fineness modulus, water absorption, specific gravity, crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, workability, compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Concrete of M-40 grade is prepared containing coconut shells and plastic waste as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete. Plastic waste and coarse aggregate which passes from 20 mm sieve were mixed in concrete upto 50% at an interval of 10%.

Key words: Compressive Strength, Workability, Plastic waste, Recycle Concrete Aggregate, Coconut Shells, Concrete I. INTRODUCTION Research concerning the utilization of by-products to augment the properties of concrete has been going on for several years. In the recent years, the efforts have been made to use industry by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, Red mud, glass powder, etc., in civil constructions. The potential applications of industry by-products in concrete are as partial natural aggregate replacement or as partial cement replacement, depending on their chemical composition and physical properties. The use of these materials in concrete comes from the environmental constraints in the safe disposal of these products.

Big attention is being focused on the environment and safeguarding of natural resources and recycling of wastes materials. Actually many industries are producing a significant number of products which incorporate scrap (residues). In the last 20 years, a lot of works concerning the use of several kinds of urban wastes in building materials industrials process have been published. Many researches have been extended to study new kinds of wastes to investigate deeply particular aspects. The addition of wastes, apart from the environmental benefits, also produces good effects on the properties of final products.

The main objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the suitability plastic waste and coconut shells as a coarse aggregate in concrete. This investigation target to determine the optimum percentage of these waste material as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete.

II. METHODOLOGY The Coconut Shell used in this research was collected from different coconut oil industries. After removing the husk portion from the coconut its shell portion are being used as reinforcing material for research work. Shell particles of size between 20 mm – 4.75 mm are prepared in grinding

machine. Coconut shell aggregates are potential candidates for the development of new composites because of their high strength and modulus properties, Plastic waste or Plastic Waste is collected from local area, this plastic waste contain tv, radio, cd and plastic chairs and then this plastic waste is dismantle and sieved from 20 mm sieve. The material which is passed from 20 mm sieve is used in this project along with OPC cement, natural river sand and crushed stone as coarse aggregate. M 40 grade of concrete is used for this project and designed by IS 10262 : 2009. 66 cube and beam is casted of 15 * 15 * 15 cm and 15 * 15 * 70 cm respectively. Curing is done in clean water at room temperature. For this research workability is determined by slump cone test on fresh concrete and on hardened concrete compressive strength and flexural strength is determined.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Series of test were carried out on material, green & hardened concrete to obtain the workability strength characteristics of Plastic waste and Coconut shells for potential application.

The results for material test on, water absorption test, specific gravity test, aggregate crushing value test, aggregate impact value test are given and discussed below.

A. Test on Material Test on material like Coarse aggregate, Fine aggregate, plastic waste, coconut shells and cement are given below in table 1 and 2.

Crushing Impact Abrasion Aggregate Value Value Value Natural Coarse 14.50% 8.85% 10.13% Aggregate 2.82% 1.25% 3.87% Plastic Waste 7.21% 5.23% 6.95% Coconut Shells Table 1: test result on aggregates.

Water Specific Fineness Aggregate Absorption Bulking Gravity Modulus % Natural 2.65 3.10 0.9 Coarse Aggregate Natural 2.60 2.24 0.3 0.33 Fine Aggregate Plastic 1.10 3.15 0.06 waste Coconut 1.70 2.50 4.80% Shells 3.15 3.74 Cement Table 2: Test Result of Materials.

B. Workability To evaluate the workability of the fresh concrete, slump cone test is performed. Slump cone test is done as per IS: 1199 – 1959. When coarse aggregate is partially replaced by

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Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/004)

plastic waste and coconut shells and it has been observed that when plastic waste content increased, workability of the concrete also increased and coconut shells concrete workability decrease by the increasing content of coconut shells Result of workability are given below in table 3 and graph 1-2.

Plastic Coconut Percentage Slump Slump Waste Shells Replacement (mm) (mm) Mix Mix 0% CC 75 CC 75

10% A1 81 B1 68 20% A2 85 B2 65 30% A3 92 B3 60 40% A4 100 B4 55 50% A5 110 B5 51 Table 3: Workability of Plastic waste and Coconut shells Concrete.

Fig. 1. Graph 1 Workability of Plastic waste concrete.

Fig. 2: Graph 2 Workability of Coconut Shells Concrete.

46.75 N/mm2 to 41.12 N/mm2, by help of compressive C. Compression Strength Test strength test shows that coconut shells can replace coarse Compressive strength test have been done as per IS 516 – aggregate upto 50%.

1959, for 11 mixes total 66 cube is casted of 15 * 15 * 15 Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Plastic cm. When Partial replacement of coarse aggregate by Plastic Mix Waste 7 Days 28 Days waste and coconut shells is done in concrete, it has been 0% CC 41.24 50.08 observed that compressive strength of the concrete 10% A1 30.87 43.27 decreased with the increase in the percentage of plastic 20% A2 27.54 42.88 waste and coconut shells in concrete, none of the mix 30% A3 26.11 41.34 possess higher value of compressive strength than control concrete. Compressive strength test result of plastic waste 40% A4 22.84 38.91 concrete are given in table 4, graph 3-4 and compressive 50% A5 22.54 36.9 strength of coconut shells of concrete given in table 5, graph Table 4: Compressive Strength test result of Plastic Waste 5-6. Compressive strength of concrete with plastic waste Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Coconut Shells Mix varies from 43.27 N/mm2 to 36.9 N/mm2 after 28 days of 7 Days 28 Days curing, with help of compressive strength test shows that 0% CC 41.24 50.08 plastic waste can replace coarse aggregate upto 30%.

10% B1 37.9 46.75 Compressive strength of the coconut shells varies from

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Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/004)

20% 30% 40%

B2 B3 B4

34.75 33.61 31.4

45.96 42.85 42.81

50% B5 28.65 41.12 Table 5: Compressive Strength test result of Coconut Shells

Fig. 3. Graph 3 Compressive Strength test result of Plastic Waste.

Fig. 4. Graph 4 Compressive Strength test result of Plastic Waste.

Fig. 5: Graph 5 Compressive Strength test result of Coconut Shells.

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Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/004)

Fig. 6: Graph 6 Compressive Strength test result of Coconut Shells.

0% CC 3.02 3.33 D. Flexural Strength Test 10% A1 2.61 3.09 Flexural strength test is performed on concrete as per IS: 20% A2 2.47 3.08 516 – 1959, for this test concrete beam of 15 * 15 * 70 cm is 30% A3 2.40 3.02 casted. For all 11 mix total 66 beam is casted and it is tested 40% A4 2.25 2.93 after 7 and 28 days of curing. Result of flexural strength of 50% A5 2.23 2.86 plastic waste and coconut shells is given in table 6 and table Table 6: Flexural Strength test result of Plastic Waste 7 along with graph 7-8 and 9-10 respectively. It has been Flexural Strength N/mm2 observed that plastic waste and coconut shells gives Coconut Shells Mix maximum value of flexural strength at 10% mix, but none of 7 Days 28 Days the plastic waste and coconut shells mix possess higher 0% CC 3.02 3.33 value of flexural strength than control concrete. flexural 10% B1 2.89 3.21 strength of the plastic waste varies from 3.09 to 2.86 N/mm2 20% B2 2.77 3.19 and flexural strength of coconut shells varies from 3.21 to 30% B3 2.72 3.08 3.01 whereas flexural strength of control concrete is 3.33 40% B4 2.63 3.08 Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 50% B5 2.52 3.01 Plastic Waste Mix 7 Days 28 Days Table 7: Flexural Strength test result of Coconut Shells

Fig. 7: Graph 7 Flexural Strength test result of Plastic Waste.

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Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/004)

Fig. 8: Graph 8 Flexural Strength test result of Plastic Waste.

Fig. 9: Graph 9 Flexural Strength test result of Coconut Shells.

Fig. 10: Graph 10 Flexural Strength test result of Coconut Shells. concrete increased its workability and when coconut shells IV. CONCLUSION is added in concrete, its workability decreased. When plastic waste partially replaced by plastic waste, compressive This study intended to find the effective ways to reutilize the strength shows that compressive strength of concrete plastic waste and coconut shells particles as coarse decreased with the increase in the percentage of plastic aggregate. In this project workability of the concrete is waste in concrete and its initial three mix i.e. upto 30% of shown in the term of slump, and by the slump cone test, it plastic waste mix can be used as structural concrete and has been observe that introduction of plastic waste in

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Effect of Coconut Shell and Plastic Waste on the Properties of Concrete (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/004)

coconut shells also decreased compressive strength of concrete and its all five mixes i.e. upto 50% coconut shells mix can be used as structural concrete.

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