Simulation of PV Module Based on Grid Connected Load

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 11, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Simulation of PV Module based on Grid Connected Load Satyapal Singh Uchariya1 Sanjeev Gupta2 1 Student 2Associate Professor 1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering 1,2 Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P) Abstract— In this paper simulation of PV based grid connected system presented in his work. It is based on mathematical modeling which is depend on the different circumstance by different equation like, Isc (Short-Circuit Current(A)), Iph (Photovoltaic Current), Vo (Output voltage) and Is,stc (Diode Saturation Current) etc. It will gives current and voltage of PV module by different number of cells and variation in temperature and irradiation. The PV output voltage boost by the boost converter the AC utility grid by DC/AC inverter control the power. This module further connected to the grid connected system for industrial and commercial application. Solar cell is capable of accurate modeling of I-V and P-V characteristic of a solar module.

The model is capable used with power electronics devices and element for advance analysis.

Key words: Solar Energy, Solar Cell, Solar Array, Power Inverter, Modeling, Grid- Connected Photovoltaic System, Simulink I. INTRODUCTION Global warming is a matter of immense interest. In modern times, with more awareness about the destructive effects of global warming, the issues are taken with big awareness.

There is a point of fact that the usage of fossil fuel is a contributing factor to the cause of the global warming, which ultimately result in the ending of the planet altogether. Perhaps the best part about solar energy is that it is a renewable source of energy, which on the whole means that it will stay forever. It will be consumed for all practical human usages.

In this paper to utilize the solar energy for home appliances we have connected boost converter with solar module to increase the DC voltage.

To supply this voltage in grid, universal bridge is used to convert the dc voltage into ac voltage. Further this ac voltage is utilized for home application.

Fig. 1: Equivalent One-diode circuit of a solar cell According to the one-diode model of a solar cell, the relationship between the cell’s current and voltage can be determined using the following equation, đ?‘ž(đ?‘Ł+đ?‘…đ?‘ đ??ź) đ?‘‰+đ?‘…đ?‘ đ??ź) I=Iph – Is(exp − 1) –( ) đ?‘›đ?‘˜đ?‘‡ đ?‘…đ?‘ â„Ž Where Iph : Photocurent (A) Is : Diode Saturation Current (A) q : Electron Charge (1.60217646Ă—10 -19C) n : Diode Ideality Factor k : Boltzmann Constant (1.3806503Ă—10 -23J/K) T : Temperature of the p-n Junction (k) Rs : Series Resistance (â„Ś) Rsh : Shunt Resistance (â„Ś) III. DETERMINATION OF IPH The photocurrent, (Iph), can simply be calculated according to the following equation as a function of irradiance and temperature value. đ??ş Iph= [Isc+ Ki( T- Tstc)] đ??şđ?‘ đ?‘Ąđ?‘?

Where; Isc : Short circuit current(A) Ki: Short circuit current coefficient T: Working temp.

Tstc: 250 C Gstc: 1000 wh/m2 G: Irradiance of the surface of the Cell (wh/m2) IV. DETERMINATION OF DIODE SATURATION CURRENT AND IDEALITY FACTOR

II. BOOST CONVERTER A boost device (step-up device) could be a DC-to-DC power converter with associate degree output voltage larger than its input power. it's a bunch of switched-mode power provide (SMPS) containing a minimum of two semiconductors (a diode and a transistor) and a minimum of one energy space for storing part, a electrical condenser, inductor, or the two together. Filters made from capacitors (sometimes in permutation with inductors) are ordinarily additional to the output of the device to decrease output voltage ripple.

A. Mathematical Model of a Solar Cell Various mathematical models have been utilized to determine the characteristics of solar cells. The one diode model of a solar cell is preferred due to its simplicity and wide application areas. The equivalent electrical circuit of one-diode model of solar cell is illustrated in fig. 1

Is=

đ?‘‡đ?‘ đ?‘Ąđ?‘? 3 đ?‘žđ??¸đ?‘” 1 Is, stc( ) exp[ ( đ?‘‡đ?‘›đ?‘œđ?‘š đ?‘›đ?‘˜ đ?‘‡đ?‘ đ?‘Ąđ?‘? đ??źđ?‘ đ?‘?

Istc=

exp(

1

− )] đ?‘‡

đ?‘‰đ?‘œđ?‘? )−1 đ?‘›đ?‘‰đ?‘Ą

Where; Eg: energy band gap Vt; Thermal voltage of cell(Vt= kT/q) đ?‘‡2 Eg= 1.16 - 7.02Ă— 10-4 ( ) đ?‘ đ?‘˜đ?‘‡

đ??źđ?‘?â„Ž+đ??źđ?‘‘−đ??źđ?‘

Vo= đ??żđ?‘›( đ?‘’ đ??źđ?‘‘ Where; Vo: Output voltage

đ?‘‡âˆ’1108

) – RsIs

V. GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM Grid interconnection of electrical phenomenon (PV) power generation system has the advantage of more practical utilization of generated power. However, the technical

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Simulation of PV Module based on Grid Connected Load (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/058)

necessities from each the utility installation grid aspect and therefore the PV system aspect have to be compelled to glad to confirm the protection of the PV installer and therefore the reliableness of the utility grid. Instructive the technical necessities for grid interconnection and finding problems} square measure thus vital issues for widespread application of PV system.

Grid interconnection of PV system IS accomplished through the electrical converter that converts the DC power generated from PV modules to AC power use for standard power offer for electrical equipments. Electrical converter system is thus vital for grid connected PV systems.

Inverter technology is incredibly vital to possess reliable and safety grid interconnection operation of PV system. It’s additionally needed to get top quality power to AC utility system with cheap price. to fulfil with these necessities, up to now technologies of power physics square measure applied for PV inverters. By suggests that of high frequency switch of semiconductor devices with PWM (Pulse breadth Modulation) technologies, high potency conversion with high power issue and low harmonics distortion power may be generated.

The sub blocks are made up of mathematical equation blocks. Grid connected system is connected through boost converter and inverter to convert the voltage for home applications. Displays are given to show the value of voltage and current. The value of irradiance and temperature taken for the operation are as follows:Temperature – 30* c Irradiance- 1000 Voltage- 66.37V Current- 3.111A

VI. MATLAB SIMULATION OF PV MODULE WITH GRID

Fig. 2: Simulink model of grid connected PV module

CONNECTED SYSTEM

This is the main circuit of the project. The major parts included are PV module which consists of five sub blocks.

VII. SIMULATION OF GRID CONNECTED PV MODULE

Fig. 3: Simulink of Grid Connected PV Module or else 2 arm) and 3 used for 3 phase bridges (single or VIII. GRID OPERATION double bridge).

The output of PWM generator is given to the Three phase source is occupied as grid. After that, three holdup block and auxiliary given to gate pulse of universal phase V I measurement is joined. The calculated voltage bridge. This wills equilibrium the output boost voltage and current is not one-off to the harmonics. The voltage according to the home appliances.

(Vabc) is now set to the PWM generator. The output pulses Now, this voltage is appropriate to give out to the are a vector (with values=0.5 or 1). By selecting "inner costumers (236 V). We can increase or decrease the voltage generation" you can control the modulation index m, as per consumer requirement by changing the number of frequency F and phase Q of the output voltage from the cells and constant parameter values. internal parameters (m, Freq F and Phase Q). Otherwise, exterior signals are used for pulse generation. The thickness of the input vector must be 1 for single phase bridges (1 arm

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Simulation of PV Module based on Grid Connected Load (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/058)

IX. SIMULATION RESULT

Simulation of PV based grid connected system presented here we use different equation for taking temperature 30odegree and irradiance 1000 by calculation of Iph, Isc, and Id, system gives voltage 66.67v and current 3.11A. The system connected to the grid internal specification of three phase source phase to phase rms voltage 130V and frequency 50HZ.This application use in both conventional and industrial application.

XI. FUTURE SCOPE  

Fig. 4: Boost voltage with grid       Fig. 5: Grid voltage with PV 

This module can be used for domestic appliances and industrial purpose.

The proposed model is capable of being used by solar energy researchers, system analysts and designers as a simple and helpful tool for advance analysis requirements.

Hardware implementation.

Use in MPPT power algorithm.

Home appliances use in future in this technique.

In case you have an excess of solar electricity from your house it will even turn the electric meter backward the utility grid.

In many states and provinces, you can get financial grants and rebates from the government.

The utility also credits the homeowners account for excess solar electricity produced, this arrangement is called net metering or net billing.

A PV module should be made, which is capable to give accurate repeatable outputs simulating a known PV panel during different functioning situation. The simulator could be a DC‐DC converter with a graphical mainframe boundary, in order to make the simple adjustments and simple. In that way the simulator will be a good quality tool for learning purposes as well as for testing purposes.

REFERENCES

Fig. 5: Grid current with PV

Fig. 6: Grid output voltage with PV X. CONCLUSION This work presents a technique to design and control of grid-connected PV generation system, identify its components, and describe how it works. In order to convert the solar energy efficiently. Solar energy generators show different behaviours under different environmental conditions.

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