A Novel Approach for Palpitation Using FPGA

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 08, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

A Novel Approach for Palpitations using FPGA K.Soundarya1 N.Suresh2 P.G. Scholar 2Assistant Professor 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering 1,2 Prathyusha Institute of Technology and Management 1

Abstract—The human heart is one of the most vital organs in the entire human body. At present global, heart diseases become a leading killer for humans. The goal is to reduce the death toll by providing therapy in advance. The work purposely deals with the design of FPGA by analyzing patient‟s ECG and vital parameters as Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, and Respiratory Rate are parallel monitored with the help of smart sensors using GSM. These applications send a SMS to the physician in case of emergency. It also describes the design of FPGA that combines physiological parameters by producing output. This work aims to design a patient monitoring system using FPGA which is found to minimize the chip area thereby reducing power consumption and increase efficiency. The output is based on threshold values by comparison process of mentioned given values and are monitored parallel by saving the life of heart patient especially for aged persons.

Key words: ECG, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Respiratory Rate, FPGA, GSM, Threshold values I. INTRODUCTION Heart disease is one of the most prevalent and serious health problems in the world. According to IANS, the disease kills 17.3 million people each year. The numbers are rising. Over three quarters of CVD, deaths take place in where the people are in the low and middle income groups. Further, CVD claims more lives than all forms of cancer. By 2030, it is expected that 23 million people will die from CVDs annually. Patient monitoring systems have been designed in an effort to bring down the mortality rate. A patient monitoring system monitors the patient‟s physiological parameters on a continuous basis and alerts the physician and caretaker via SMS in the event of an abnormality being detected.

The Patient Monitoring System currently in use has been designed using a Microcontroller. This system has a few inherent drawbacks such as system complexity, high power consumption and a large chip area. This work aims to improvise the existing system by implementing the patient monitoring system using FPGA wherein the chip area is minimized thereby reducing power consumption and improving efficiency. This methodology deals with measurement of the physiological parameters such as ECG, Pulse Rate, Body Temperature and Respiratory Rate on a continuous basis. An abnormality in any of these parameters is intimated both to the physician as well as to the care taker via SMS so as to ensure timely medical aid.

A patient monitoring system can be defined as an analyzed collective data monitored continuously providing better healthcare to the patients especially those in a critical condition. It helps the physician to make informed decisions, thereby getting timely attention for the patients.

II. RELATED STUDIES Many works primarily on algorithms and software based implementation for detection of abnormality heart rates that have been measured already but we have designed a FPGA with patient monitoring system to detect any abnormal heart rate.

The current work is about an alert SMS sent to the doctor through a microcontroller that has the drawback of occupying large area and low power consumption [1].An algorithm is assessed by an Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal that triggers alarm for different types of arrhythmias but it has a smaller accuracy of 95% and deficiency in noise quality [2]. A wavelet based transform is used for measuring the heart beats by using Pan and Tompkins algorithm in Lab View. But the process is complex to detect abnormality and results in smaller accuracy [3]. The presence of Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) is used to detect abnormal depending on a database classifier that leads to less accuracy range of 90.38% [4].

The patient monitoring physiological parameters are sent to a microcontroller in which average databases are recorded such that it will alert the physician in case of emergency through Zigbee. But it has the drawback of a short range and a low data speed [5].The patient is also monitored through a data mining algorithm which compresses all the data in multi-channel through different node processes. However it requires long computation to solve the processes which results in delay in sending the data and complexity [6]. The patient‟s vital signs like ECG, heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, SpO2 are sent to the doctor‟s phone using an Android. There is an improper network failure during data transmission [7]. The other details are also referred from [8]-[12].

This paper describes abnormal heart rate detection by simultaneously monitoring patient's ECG that includes other physiological parameters such as pulse rate; respiratory rate and body temperature. It is based on threshold based classifier value which is meant to save the patient‟s life. An alert is sent to the physician when an abnormal rate is detected through GSM. III. PROTOTYPE HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

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A Novel Approach for Palpitations using FPGA (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 08/2015/132)

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of Patient Monitoring System The proposed patient monitoring system uses Spartan Kit for the said application. The architecture of the system is shown in Fig. 1.

The following four analog input parameters are described as below: A. Body Temperature The Thermistor sensor is used to detect the patient‟s body temperature. The analog signals from patient‟s body are amplified and converted into digital values which depend on resistance changes in response to the patient‟s body temperature. The normal is given as 45ºc.When the value is above the normal, it sends an „SMS‟ as „T ABNORMAL‟ to the physician every minute.

B. Electrocardiogram The ECG of the patient is measured by fixing three electrodes potential that are placed in patient‟s body i.e. on right arm, left arm, right or left leg. The normal is given as 90-160 amplitude duration. When the value is above the normal, it sends an „SMS‟ as „E ABNORMAL‟ to the physician every minute.

C. Pulse Rate An infrared sensor is used to detect the pulse rate. When the patient‟s finger is placed between the IR transmitter and the IR receiver, blood flow density increases simultaneously with intensity and received at the IR receiver decreases and vice versa. The normal is given as 80 beats per minute.

When the value is above the normal, it sends an „SMS‟ as „P ABNORMAL‟ to the physician every minute.

D. Respiratory Rate In this paper, two Thermistors are used for the measurement of respiration. Here, one Thermistor is used for the patient‟s respiration and the other is for the indication of room temperature. The comparator compares both values and gives the difference between them. The normal is given as 22 breaths per minute. When the value is above the normal, it sends an „SMS‟ as „R ABNORMAL‟ to the physician every minute.

E. FPGA Implementation The process in FPGA kit are executed by external analog inputs of patient‟s ECG, Body temperature, Respiratory rate, and Pulse rate threshold values as shown in Figure 3. Here, the values of ECG and Body temperature are amplified in order to remove the distortion that is converted into digital through ADC. But the respiratory rate is directly amplified to FPGA and the output is digitalized. The patient‟s condition comes to the physician‟s knowledge depending on the values of the FPGA output. All the above parameters are monitored continuously, if any of these parameters occur as abnormal that immediately it sends a „SMS‟ to physician.

These values are displayed in LCD of proposed system and SMS is send through GSM. F. GSM The GSM stands for Group Special Mobile, a group formed by the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) in 1982 to research the merits of a European standard for mobile telecommunications. One of the key

features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module, commonly known as a SIM card. Here, the SIM is used containing the patient‟s mobile number. Then the value of four parameters (Body Temperature, ECG, Pulse Rate and Respiratory Rate) is automatically updated when abnormal is detected, it sends a SMS to physician for every one minute between a short carrier bands as shown in Figure.1.

IV. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION The inputs that are taken from patient monitoring are diagnosed by assigning a value to each parameter and then converted into crisp decision values given to the FPGA kit.

These parameters such as body temperature, ECG, pulse rate, respiratory rate are monitored continuously. Based on output commands, a doctor receives an abnormal „SMS‟.

Let us consider the set X as the number of four parameters = {Body Temperature, ECG, Pulse rate, Respiratory rate} => {S1, S2, S3, S4} and Y as the patient‟s condition= {Normal, Abnormal} => {N, AN}.Specification of the patient‟s condition depends on these four parameters which are expressed in (1) values as F selected from the set as: F= {Low, Normal, High} ……. (1) For example, <Body temperature, low> means it indicates that value given in a set P as: P= {<S1, V1>, <S2, V2,><S3, V3><S4, V4>……<Sn, Vn>} Vn is the threshold value that is applied to each parameter Sn. Where n=1, 2, 3, 4......

The set of rules are considered as parameters X captured in a set of tables P, heart disease. The set of Y is identified through an SMS. The value P is obtained from the patient‟s condition as P(X, Y). The inference rules are written as syntax in the form as: IF<Threshold values> then < Threshold values > as, IF (Body temperature is low) AND (Pulse rate is low) AND (Respiratory Rate is low) AND (ECG is low) THEN ABNORMAL. IF (Body temperature is high) AND (Pulse rate is high) AND (Respiratory Rate is high) AND (ECG is high) THEN ABNORMAL. IF (Body temperature is normal) AND (Pulse rate is normal) AND (Respiratory Rate is normal) AND (ECG is normal) THEN NORMAL. The four parameters can be expressed as: ECG

{

…...(2)

Body Temperature

{

…………….. (3)

Respiratory Rate

{

.................... (4)

Pulse Rate

{

……………….(5)

The above equations (2), (3),(4) and (5) shows the method of implication based on commands S1, S2, S3, and S4 as low, high and normal. They are interfaced in FPGA and send an “ABNORMAL” message at each minute with the monitored values.

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A Novel Approach for Palpitations using FPGA (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 08/2015/132)

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT The analyzed input parameters obtained from patient‟s body are processed under FPGA and give output as digitalized values of LCD are shown in Figure 2.The output of each parameter is displayed under LCD and when it goes beyond the normal range values, it sends an „ABNORMAL‟ SMS to the physician every minute. This is shown in Fig. 2,3 and 4.

Fig. 2. LCD Display

Fig. 3. Prototype Model

Fig. 4: Abnormal Message via GSM VI. CONCLUSION The results got from vital parameters of the patient monitoring system implemented with FPGA are promising compared to other conventional methods. The parameters that are measured using FPGA are sent as „SMS‟ to the physician in the case of emergency. Due to this, patients get timely help and hence are saved from high risk conditions.

The main advantage of FPGA kit lies in, its flexibility to all field applications; power consumption and minimal chip area. The architecture is purely based on commands that are executed in a programmable chip. In future, the entire process would be implemented using Bluetooth frequency in

which Spartan kit is used to get effective output using body worn wearable smart antenna.

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[4] Taihai Chen, Evangelos B. Mazomenos, KoushikMaharatna, SrinandanDasmahapatra and Mahesan Niranjan, “Design of a Low-Power On-Body ECG Classifier for Remote Cardiovascular Monitoring Systems”, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,vol.3, no.1, March 2013, pp. 75-85.

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[10] Chin-Teng Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Chun-Ling Lin, Chia-Cheng Chiang, Shao-Wei Lu, Shih-Sheng Chang, Bor-Shyh Lin “An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation”, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol.14, no.3, May 2010, pp.726-733.

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