Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission Using Li-Fi Technology

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 08, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission using Li-Fi Technology D. V. Charahte1 P. V. Avhad2 S. V. Mankar3 Prof. N. S. Mankar4 1,2,3 B.E Student 4M.E Student 1,2,3,4 Department of Computer Engineering 1,2,3,4 KVNNIEER, Nashik, Maharashtra Abstract— Vehicle to vehicle data transmission, we present initial designs and results of a small-scale prototype using light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology, a new technology that was developed in the last few years, which still needs more systematic inquiry on its sustainability for outdoor vehicular networks. Vehicle to vehicle communication is the most effective solution we have used in order to reduce vehicle's accidents. The propose use of Li-Fi technology comprises mainly light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs as means of connectivity by sending data through light spectrum as an optical wireless medium for signal propagation. In fact, the usage of light emitting diode (LED) eliminates the need of complex wireless networks and protocols. The design system is aim to ensure a highly-reliable communication between a commercial LED-based transaction light and a receiver mount on a vehicle.

Key words: Light Emitting Diode, Photodiode, Vehicle to Vehicle Communication, Visible Light Communication I. INTRODUCTION Li-Fi is an important and popular technology in the communication system. Li Fi is nothing but the Light _fidelity communication systems. It is the very fast and inexpensive wireless communication systems and is the optical version of the Wi-Fi. The technology works by adapting light emitting diode (LED's) to send digital type of information, invisible to the naked eye. In this, we present initial designs and results of a small-scale prototype of a vehicle to vehicle communication system using light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology.

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a particular area where VLC seems very useful. Either in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or in infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication, VLC convinced an important segment of both the academia and industry that it is the appropriate wireless communication technique.

Several wireless communications technologies have been proposed and investigated for ITS data exchange: 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, VLC. Even though in terms of communication range, RF based solutions clearly outperform VLC systems, in high traffic density, the increased number of nodes will cause mutual interferences.

This will lead to increased latencies, unacceptable for a reliable safety system.

The work about I2V communication using VLC is mostly focused on the communication between traffic lights and vehicles. This is due to the thing that the high power of the traffic light enable longer communication distances.

Vehicle to vehicle communication is the most effective solution that has been used in order to reduce vehicles accidents. The proposed use of Li-Fi technology comprises mainly light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs as means of connection of sending data through LED spectrum as an optical wireless medium for signal propagation.

Vehicle to vehicle communications, for instance, is one of the previous trends, which is one of the most effective mechanisms that will implement in automobiles to provide safety and a protocol of communication.

Tremendous amount of research work on vehicle. Several techniques for such automobiles communication were previously adopted, as listed below: A. 5.9 GHz DSRC Wireless: Dictated short range (1000 meters communication (DSRC) for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has open the door to hundreds of projects and applications of vehicle to vehicle communication around the world. In 1999 the US federal communication commission reserve license bandwidth of 75 MHz spectrum around 5.9 GHz that allows information to be exchange among vehicles regardless of their brand . This spectrum will provide very high data rates with low latency and high security in matter of supporting this wireless communication between vehicles, set of standards we need to ensure that vehicles understand each other, for example, IEEE 802.11p-2010 standard of wireless link for V2V communications and IEEE P1609.x/D5.8 protocols for information exchange across the wireless link.

B. Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) technology was introduced in 2000 as a specify application of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). This network uses vehicles in the road as a router or node in order to communicate at a distance of 100-300 m using several protocols. The networks basically rely on Wi-Fi, WI-Max and DSRC technologies in addition to 3G networks.

C. Without Wi-Fi or GPS: Vehicle to vehicle communication system that +does not require a tracking global positioning System or even a Wi-Fi or 3G wireless connectivity. In Figure1.1 it will propose to use Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) sonar which sends 40 KHz short pulse of sound that is undetectable by human ear. The echo of the signal will be detected by micro controller. The distance is calculated by the time require for echo signal to be transmit and receive.

Fig. 1: Communication between Vehicles Using Sonar Pulse Several research works we will attempt in literature for vehicle to vehicle communication using an advantage of light. As light frequency spectrum is huge, it is beneficial to be adopt in a short-range wireless communication.

II. RELATED WORK Vehicle to Vehicle Communication and Ranging System using Spread Spectrum Technique has been proposed. Using

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Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission using Li-Fi Technology (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 08/2015/239)

this system, a vehicle (Vehicle-A) gets the information of the target vehicle (Vehicle-B) and the distance between vehicles simultaneously. However, in this system, the number of the target vehicle is only one. In this paper, we Propose Vehicle to Vehicle multi target Communication and Raging System Using Spread Spectrum Technique. Using the proposed system, Vehicle-A can communicate with some target vehicles at the same time. From computer simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed system is effective even when interference signals exist [1]. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have attracted the interest of many researchers all over the world. With advances in technologies in wireless networks, vehicles will be able to communicate with each other and roadside units (RSU), to exchange road and traffic information. VANET and many other applications demand a real-time, accurate position of a vehicle; highlighting the importance of accurate localization.

A number of methods and protocols have been proposed to fulfill this requirement, However, they have not attained high location accuracy required for VANET safety applications [2].

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are highly reliable, energy efficient and have a life-time that exceeds by far the classical light sources. These unique features made the car manufacturers thinking of replacing the halogen lamps by LED lighting systems. At this moment, car lights based on LEDs are common. The efficiency of the LEDs made them being used also for LED-based traffic lights. This new generation of traffic lights is becoming more and more popular and begins to be used on extended scale. The main advantages of these traffic lights are: low maintenance cost, long life, low energy consumption and better visibility [3].

Light Emitting Diodes(LED) are used in different areas of everyday life. The advantage of this device is that in addition to their lightening capabilities, it can be used for data transmissions as well. In the present study, the technology of Li-Fi and its applications in transferring data from one computer to another computer. The massive use of Li-Fi may solve some bottleneck of data transmission in WiFi technology [4]. Conventional wireless communication schemes like Wi-Fi predominantly use radio/micro wave frequencies for data transmission, primarily because of the availability of high sensitivity receivers and ability to provide broad coverage at low frequencies and line of sight communication at high frequencies.

But, RF can support only a limited bandwidth due to confined spectrum availability. Therefore the expanding demand for wireless data has led to clogging of the radio spectrum. This optical wireless technology provides remarkable connectivity in a localized environment. In this technology radio waves are replaced with visible light as the carrier. Data can be transmitted through LED light whose intensity varies rapidly [5]. Wireless communication has become a utility like electricity, food and water. We use it every day and everywhere, in our business life, private life, social life and so on. Whether we are using internet at our home or office or simply in a coffee shop, we usually get irritated at the slow speeds and pray to almighty for a faster internet speed. Transmission of data through LED lights which vary in intensities faster than the human eye can follow. The heart of this technology lies in the intensity and potential of the light emitting diode. This paper focuses on

construction and working of Li-Fi based system and compares its performance with the existing technologies [6].

Light emitting diode (LED) based on optical wireless communication (OWC) systems have been developed recently. Especially, an OWC technology using visible light LEDs, referred to as visible light communication (VLC), has been receiving much attention. The LED is suitable as an optical-signal-sending device because light intensity of the LED can be modulated at high speed in comparison with traditional lighting devices, such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps [7]. Li-Fi is a label for wirelesscommunication systems using light as a carrier instead of traditional radio Frequencies , as in Wi-Fi. Li-Fi has the advantage of being able to be used in sensitive areas such as in Aircraft without causing interference. However, the light waves used cannot penetrate walls. It is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the Downlink transmitter. These devices are normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup [8]. The efficiency, durability, and lifetime of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have led to their use in a variety of applications, including general illumination, vehicle lights, sign age, and displays ,In fact, it is often predicted that LED bulbs will soon replace all traditional incandescent bulbs, as well as compact fluorescent alternatives, in general lighting applications It has long been recognized that LEDs used in such systems can be simultaneously modulated to provide a dual function of communications. Proposed applications for visible light communications (VLC) include indoor local area networks through room lighting in-flight data downlinks through airplane reading lamps intelligent transportation positioning in wireless sensor networks and underwater [9].GNSS-based positioning and wireless communications. In fact, by exchanging information on their respective positions, vehicles are expected to be timely aware of the hazards around them and, consequently, to be able to promptly react, hopefully decreasing the rate of accidents. Both wireless communications and positioning are unfortunately far from being ideal, especially on board: however, as recently proposed, they may both significantly benefit from the integration of the emerging Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. The paper discusses the Li-Fi perspective, shedding light on its potential benefits and issues, also with practical consideration [10].

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM The propose plan of action for our project is to initiate on optical wireless communication model that gives high data rates (in the order of MHz) and transmission distances of up to 1m. This model should effectively be able to transmit data from one device to another using LEDs, there by initiate a Li-Fi network in a localized environment.

The transmit section consists of the data input which is then fed into a switching control system. Based on the data, the switching control generates a stream of 1s and 0s thereby encoding the data in binary. The output of this control is given to the array of LEDs which turn OFF and ON at extremely high speeds. This ON-OFF modulation of the LED light transmits the data. LED is the choice for light

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Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission using Li-Fi Technology (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 08/2015/239)

source since it consumes very less power when compare to fluorescent lamp or a light bulb. It consumes about onetenth the power when compare to conventional methods of lighting. Also, the lifetime of a typical LED bulb is several tens of thousands of hours. LEDs are also fast switching with good visibility. Thus, LEDs are ideal for use as the downlink transmitter. For the uplink transmitters, Infrared (IR) can be chosen to be the uplink transmitter for user convenience. This avoids fitting an LED light source on or next to the mobile devices.

The receive section consists of a photo diode, e.g. silicon photo detector or a Infrared germanium cylindrical detector. The photo detector extract the incoming received signal based on the sequence of 1s and 0s. The demodulated signal is then sent to a filter to destroy unwanted noise. This filter signal is then amplify using signal amplification mechanism. The filter and amplify signal is then given to an output device such as an LCD display or a speaker.The input signal is thus remotely transmiter and receiver. Thus, a Li-Fi network is established.

A. System Architecture: Fig 3.1 is divided into three parts, i) sender ii) Receiver iii) according to user input. sender will send the message to micro controller which convert normal message to ASCII then this ASCII message is given to NPN switching circuit which is used to boost the signal. then this signal is given to PNP switching module which revert the message which was inverted in NPN switching circuit.then this reverted message is given to syska LED which transfer ASCII message into LED spectrum. Now at receiver side photo transistor will receiver message obtained by LED. Then photo transistor pass message to impedance matching circuit which sensing data in proper format. This signal is given to TTL to USB circuit which convert ASCII message into normal message.

A. First Scenario: As shown in Fig 4.1 when vehicle 1 is braking, the speed meter in the vehicle will be sensing that the current speed is lower than the previous speed. Thus, a message will be sent through the transmitter which is placed in the rear lights to vehicle 2. The message will be received by vehicle 2 using the photodiode which is placed at the front of vehicle 2. A notice of (Slow DOWN) will be displayed in vehicle 2 using an LCD.

Fig. 4.1: First scenario of vehicle to vehicle communication using Li-Fi. B. Second Scenario: As shown in Fig 4.2 when vehicle 1 is in T- junction, it will keep sending its speed-information to vehicle 2 using the LED at the headlights. The speed-information will be received by the photodiode in vehicle 2 and compared to vehicle 2 speed’s. If vehicle 2 is about to cross the junction while vehicle 1 is moving with a high speed, the driver will be alerted to check the other vehicle which is around in the area.

Fig. 4.2: Second scenario of vehicle to vehicle communication using Li-Fi. V. CONCLUSION

Fig. 3.1: Block Diagram Of Vehicle To Vehicle Communication Using Li-Fi The functionality of the building blocks of the system is described next. The data source e.g. (speed sensor) reads the speed of the vehicle. The speed data from the sensor is peak to peak AC voltage so it will be converted to DC voltage to be readable by the microcontroller. Then the data will be processed by microcontroller (e.g. to compare between the current and previous speed). New processed data will then be transmitted to the LED driver. LED driver will make the current constant to protect LED. Then, data will transmit by the LED light.

IV. SYSTEM DESIGN The system requires a transmitter and a receiver in each vehicle in both rear and front sides of the vehicle. Thus more scenarios will be applicable. For the time being, only two scenarios will be studied in this paper:

The concept of Li-Fi will introduce along with existing techniques and classical trends used for vehicle to vehicle communications. In this project aims to propose a cost effective solution to reduce accidents in Oman, the design guidelines. The hardware aspects regarding the development of a VLC communication system consisting of a commercial LED-based traffic light and a vehicle will mount receiver.

We will present the approach we follow, some of the difficulties we encounter and explain the choices we have made. Throughout the implementation process, we also efforts on keeping the implementation cost as low as possible. Due to unavailability of all system components, sending data through Li-Fi small-scale prototype.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT It is my immense pleasure to work on this Project, Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission Application using LiFi Technology. It is only the blessing of my divine master which has prompted and mentally equipped me to undergo the study of this Project.

I would like to thank, Principal Dr. A.K. Dwivedi, KVNNIEER for giving me such an opportunity to develop practical knowledge about subject. I am also thankful to Prof.K.V.Ugale, Head of Computer Engineering Department

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Design of Vehicle to Vehicle Data Transmission using Li-Fi Technology (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 08/2015/239)

for his valuable encouragement at every phase of my Project Work and Prof. N. V. Kapade for helping in technical problems that arose during project Completion and Guidance throught the Project.

I offer my sincere thanks to my guide Prof. N. S. Mankar, who very affectionately encourages me to work on the subject and gave her valuable guidance time to time.

While preparing this seminar I am very much thankful to her.

I am also grateful to entire staff of Computer Engineering Department for their kind co-operation which helped me in successful completion of seminar.

REFERENCES [1] Kiyoshi MIZUI, Masao NAKAGAWA, “Vehicleto-Vehicle Multi Target Communication and Ranging System Using Spread Spectrum Technique”.

[2] Lina Altoaimy, Imad Mahgoub, and Monika Rathod, “Weighted Localization in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication” [3] Alin-M. Cailean, Barthélemy Cagneau, Luc Chassagne, Suat Topsu, “Design and implementation of a visible light communications system for vehicle applications”, November 2013.

[4] Shubham Chatterjee, Shalabh Agarwal, “Scope and Challenges in Light Fidelity(LiFi) Technology in Wireless Data Communication”, June 2015.

[5] Akshata msonnad, anjana gopan, “Recent advancements in li-fi technology”, Dec-2013 [6] Aman Sodhi, Jeslin Johnson, “Light Fidelity (LIFI) - The Future of Visible Light Communication”, March-April 2015.

[7] Mehboob raza haider, manoj mdongre, “Vehicle to vehicle communication using visible light communication technology”.

[8] Ravi Prakash, Prachi Agarwal, “The New Era of Transmission and Communication Technology : Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) LED & TED Based Approach”, February 2014.

[9] R.Karthika1, S.Balakrishnan, “Wireless Communication using Li-Fi Technology”, March 2015.

[10] Riccardo Scopigno, Alessia Autolitano, “The Potential Benefits of On-Board Li-Fi for the Cooperation among Vehicles”.

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