Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna Using

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 09, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial Ramagowri.L1 Agnes Ramena.T2 Subhu Lakshmi.P3 1 P.G. Scholar 2,3Assistant Professor 1,2,3 Anna University Chennai Abstract— This paper proposes metamaterial based multiband microstrip patch antenna. Here the metamaterial is added on top and double sides of rectangular patch antenna. The proposed antenna is fed through microstrip line. This antenna designing method and feeding technique allow the antenna to operate at multiple frequency bands with the range of 6 GHz to 12GHz (X band). Using metamaterial on rectangular patch improves the antenna performance and reduces the antenna size. The proposed antenna design gives better results than the conventional antenna design. Then the antenna parameters are obtained

by Advanced Design System software (ADS).

Key words: Microstrip Patch Antenna, Metamaterial

and thickness h=1.6mm. The antenna design procedure shown in Fig 1.The ordinary patch antenna designed with length of 600mils and width of 445mils and resonant frequency is 6GHz.

I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, metamaterial based antenna design makes tremendous changes in miniaturization of antenna. Antennas play major role in wireless communication. Microstrip patch antenna is widely used in wireless world because of its wonderful features like low cost, low profile and less design complexity [1]. This paper proposes, a new microstrip patch antenna, based on metamaterial which support multiband applications without degrading antenna performance. There are several methods for designing multiband antenna conventionally. But nowadays, artificially engineered material called metamaterial is used for designing multiband microstrip patch antenna which improves antenna performance and reduces antenna size compared to traditional method [3]. Here split ring resonator (CSRR) is loaded on patch antenna. When negative permeability metamaterial reflecting surface is applied to the microstrip patch, antenna gain will be increased, because CSRR eliminates the substrate surface wave and concentrates on radiant energy [2]. So, main problem in the patch antennas is substrate surface wave which can be removed by using CSRR [4]. After introduction section this paper discusses about proposed antenna design. The proposed antenna design section contains how to design ordinary patch antenna, then how to design metamaterial based antenna with different types of substrate and different values of substrate thickness. After that, this paper discusses about results in which proposed metamaterial based antenna’s simulated results are shown and compared with ordinary patch antenna results. It also discusses the comparision between metamaterial based antenna with different types of substrate and different values of substrate thickness. Finally, the conclusion section describes the advantages of this paper.

Fig. 1: Design procedure of patch antenna Design specifications are shown in Table 1.

Microstrip feed line is used for feeding. The ordinary patch antenna is designed with appropriate dimensions using ADS. The layout view of ordinary RMPA shown in Fig 2.

Length 600mils Width 445mils Lt 195mils Wt 20mils Lf 245 Wf 120 Substrate FR4 Thickness 1.6mm Table 1: Ordinary patch antenna dimension

II. PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN A. Ordinary Patch Antenna Design Ordinary patch antenna is designed with low cost dielectric substrate FR4 material having dielectric constant Îľr = 4.4

Fig. 2: Layout of ordinary RMPA

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

423

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/104)

B. Complementary Split Ring Resonator Design Metamaterial is an artificial material which has negative value of ε and μ but the entire natural material found in the nature has positive value of ε and μ. There are mainly four type of metamaterial structure: Split Ring structure, Symmetrical Ring structure ,Omega structure and S structure[2]. Here, CSRR is used. A split ring resonator with appropriate dimensions is designed. The dimensions of split ring resonator are shown in Table 2. Fig 3 shows layout of split ring resonator.

Length 160mils Width

160mils

Ring width

10mils

Ring spacing 10mils Table 2: Split ring resonator dimensions

(b)

Fig 3: Layout of Split ring resonator C. Metamaerial added RMPA design Metamaterial is added top of the rectangular patch antenna which improves antenna performance. In that ordinary patch antenna, top portion of patch is etched and metamaterial is added. The layout of metamaterial added on top of RMPA shown in Fig 4(a). Again, sides of the patch are etched and two more metamaterials added on the sides of patch, and thus totally three metamaterials added on the patch. The layout of metamaterial added top and double side of RMPA shown in Fig 4 (b). Then slots are introduced on the radiating patch which improve antenna performance at resonant frequency and that layouts are shown in Fig 4 (c), (d) and (e). Then the paper discusses the materials for antenna designing which are shown in Table 3.

S.NO Antenna parts Materials 1 Radiating patch Copper 2 Split ring resonator Copper 3 Substrate FR4 4 Ground plane Copper Table 3: Materials for antenna

(a)

(c)

(d)

(e)

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

424

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/104)

D. Parameter Estimation RL = -20log |Đ“| (dB) RL - Return Loss Where |Đ“| is =

(2.1)

Characteristic impedance Load impedance Directivity=

(2.2)

U = Radiation intensity to given direction Prad = Average radiated power Gain=

(c) (2.3)

Pin = Input power III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The simulation is carried out using the Advanced Design System (ADS) simulation software. The parameters of the proposed antenna are measured using ADS. Fig.5 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) show the simulated return loss characteristics of conventional RMPA, Metamaterial added RMPA and Metamaterial added RMPA with slot. Radiation patterns of proposed antenna are shown in Fig.6.

The conventional MSA is resonating at frequencies f1=5.8GHz and f2=10.8GHz. But metamaterial added RMPA resonates in four different frequencies that are f1=4.01GHz, f2=-6.25GHz, f3=8.7GHz and f4=10.5GHz. Metamaterial added RMPA with slot also resonates at four different frequencies. That frequencies are f1=6.051GHz, f2=-10.25GHz, f3=10.7GHz and f4=11.5GHz. Metamaterial added patch antenna gives better performance than conventional patch antenna. Then the antenna is designed with different dielectric substrate such as FR4, Duroid and different substrate thickness values are used and then the results are compared. The comparison tables are shown in Table 4 & 5.

(d)

(e) Fig. 5: Return loss of (a) Ordinary patch antenna, (b) Metamaterial added on the patch (c) Single slot is introduced on matamaterial based antenna (d) Double slot is introduced on metamaterial based antenna (e) Tri slot is introduced on metamaterial based antenna.

(a)

(a)

(b)

(b) (c)

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

425

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/104)

Fig. 6 (a),(b),(c): Radiation patterns of proposed antenna A. Features of Proposed Antenna (Metamaterial Based Antenna)

   

Multiband application X band communication(Satellite application) Low loss Eliminate surface wave propagation(using metamaterials)

 Small size (using metamaterials)  Low cost (FR4 low cost ) Metamaterial Based Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna Metamaterial Added RMPA and single slot is introduced Obtained frequeny Radiated power Directivity Gain Types of substrate Return loss (dB) (in GHz) (in watts) (in dB) (in dB) f1=6.0 -28 FR4 f2=10.5 -10 9.1e^-7 5.9 1.7 With thickness of h=1.6 mm f3=10.7 -18 f4=11.5 -38 f1=4.1 -10 FR4 f2=6 -14 3.7e^-7 5 0.3 With thickness of h=1 mm f3=8 -6 f4=11 -10 DUROID f1=5.6 -23 7.3e^-7 6 5 With thickness of h=1.6mm f2=-7.7 -27 DUROID f1=5.3 -16 2.7e^-7 4 5 With thickness of h=1mm f2=-7.7 -17 Table 4: Comparisons of simulation results REFERENCES

FR4 with substrate thickness h=1.6mm

FR4 with substrate thickness h=1.6mm

Duroid with substrate Duroid with substrate thickness h=1mm thickness h=1.6mm Table 5: Comparison of radiation patterns IV. CONCLUSION The proposed technique provides antenna miniaturization and multiband applications without antenna performance degradations. The proposed methodology employs CSRRs that are added to the radiating edges of the patch antennas and then the slot is introduced on the patch. The technique is simple and easy to design. It is found that a size reduction with multiband resonating frequencies is achieved by etching the patch and loading with split ring resonator. The matamaterial based antenna is suitable for several wireless applications and X-band communications with higher performance.

[1] Balanis C.A, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.

[2] Marek S. Wartak, Kosmas L. Tsakmakidis and Ortwin Hess, “Introduction To Metamaterials”, Physics in Canada,2011.

[3] George V. Eleftheriades,Nader Engheta, “Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications in the MicrowaveandOpticalRegimes”, Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011.

[4] S. Lee and Y. Sung, “Multiband antenna for wireless USB dongle applications,” IEEE ntennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 25–28,2011.

[5] L.Qi, J. Pereira, and H. Salgado, “Multiband loaded fractal loop monopole antenna for USB dongle applications,” in Proc. IEEE Loughborough Antennas Propag. Conf,pp. pp.245–247,2009.

[6] Y. K. Park, D. Kang, and Y. Sung, “Compact folded triband monopole antenna for USB dongle applications,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 228–231, 2012.

[7] A. Erentok and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Metamaterialinspired efficient electrically small antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 691– 707, Mar. 2008.

[8] Sonika Sindhiya “: Design And Analysis Of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna Array” AKGEC International Journal of Technology Vol. 4, No 2, 2013.

[9] A.M. Soliman, D. M. El-sheakh, E. A. Abdallah, and H. El-Henawy, “Compact independent tri-band printedIFA loaded with inspired metamaterial for wireless communication applications,” in Procpp. 931– 934, 7th Apr. 2013.

[10] D. M. Nashaat, H. A. Elsadek, and H. Ghali, “Single feed compact quad-band PIFA antenna for wireless communication applications,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 36–43, Aug. 2005.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

426

Miniaturization and Performance Enhancement of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/104)

[11] Vijeta Attri “Double E-shaped Multiband Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications”International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Volume 3, Issue 6, ISSN 2319 – 4847, June 2014.

[12] J. Anguera, C. Puente, and C. Borja, “A procedure to design stacked microstrip patch antenna based on a simple network model,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 149–151, Aug. 2001.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

427