Power aware reliable routing to support real time traffic in mobile ad-hoc network

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 09, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Power Aware Reliable Routing to Support Real Time Traffic in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Prof. A. S. Gundale1 Ms. A. S. Bitala2 1 Professor 2M.E. Student 1,2 Department of Electronics Engineering 1,2 Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, India Abstract— A mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes that forms a network without central administration. The nodes in such kind of network serve as routers as well as hosts. The nodes can forward packets on behalf of other nodes and run user applications.

The energy consumption of the nodes is a critical factor in the operation of a mobile ad hoc network. The existence of a node with low energy may degrade the performance of the system as the node participate in the route discovery phase, but due to low energy it does not forward the packet or it does not participate in message forwarding phase. Such type of node selection will degrade the system performance, minimizes the packet delivery ratio, and maximizes delay thus increasing energy consumption. So an important objective is to consider Energy Aware design of network protocols for Ad hoc network environment. The proposed scheme is incorporated with the route discovery phase of AODV and by simulation using NS/2 it is observed that the proposed algorithm is better than AODV in terms of packet delivery ratio and network lifetime.

Key words: MANET, Ad-Hoc network, AODV, routing, NS2 simulator I. INTRODUCTION An ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that forms a temporary network without any centralized administration as shown in Figure-A. In such environment, Communication in MANET is done via multi-hop paths (Figure-B). It may be necessary for one node to enroll other nodes forwarding a packet to its destination due to the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces [1]. Each mobile node operates not only as a host but also as a router forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the direct transmission range of each other. Each node participates in an ad-hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover multi-hop paths through the network to any other node. This idea of mobile ad-hoc network is also called infrastructure less networking [2], since the mobile nodes in the network dynamically establish routing among themselves to form their own network.

Fig. 1: Mobile Ad-hoc network

Fig. 2: Communication in MANET A. Features:      

Autonomous terminal: A node may function as both a host and a router.

Distributed operation: No central administration therefore control and management of the network is distributed among the terminals.

Multihop routing: When delivering data packets from a source to its destination where no direct route is available. Then the packets should be forwarded via one or more intermediate nodes.

Dynamic network topology: Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably and the connectivity among the terminals may vary with time.

II. CLASSIFICATION OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET

MANET routing protocols are mainly categorized as A. Topology based Approach According to the routing strategy the routing protocols can be categorized as Table-driven and source initiated, while depending on the network structure these are classified as flat routing, hierarchical routing and geographic position assisted routing.

1) Proactive (Table-Driven):  It maintains routing information before it needed.

Every mode maintain routing information to every other node in network. Rout information is stored in routing table & updated periodically. Examples – Fisheye State Routing (FSR), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) etc.

2) Reactive (On-Demand):  If there is no communication, they don’t maintain routing information. For communication, it searches for the route in an on-demand manner and establishes the connection in order to transmit and receive packets. Examples – Ad hoc On-Demand Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) etc.

3) Hybrid Routing:  It is a combination of proactive & reactive approaches  Example - Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

548

Power Aware Reliable Routing to Support Real Time Traffic in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/134)

III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Scenarios have been setup for 50 nodes in an area of 1670m*970m in figure 1 which is visualized the source node sends the packets with the help of intermediate nodes having highest energy level [3]. The proposed scheme is simulated using network simulator NS-2 [4] with version NS-2.35.

Fig. 3: A snapshot of the simulation topology in NAM for 50 mobile nodes A. Flow Chart 1) Start 2) Set parameters:- channel type, radio propagation model, buffer size,mac type, Network interface type, Interface queue type,LL, antenna model,traffic model, Routing protocol ,mobility.

3) Select the route on the basis of shortest path and Energy. If Energy level greater than and equal to the threshold level(60%) then select the node.

4) Start routing ( power aware reliable routing) 5) If packet drop during transmission then source node reestablished another route on the basis of shortest path and energy sufficient node.

6) End B. Simulation Parameter The simulation parameters are listed in Table 1

distance vector routing” (AODV). Addressing various problems due to limited power in the mobile nodes.

Combination of energy on every path contributing node (PARR) with AODV to decide energy efficient routing.

A. Energy Consumption Model Ec(t)=Nt*⍺+Nr*ß (1) Where, Ec(t)-energy consumed by a node during time t.

Nt- number of packets transmitted by the node during time t.

Nr- number of packets received by the node during time t.

If E is the initial energy of a node, the remaining energy Er (t) of a node at time t, is calculated using equation (2): Er(t)=E-Ec(t) (2) 1) Average Energy required for packet handling at each node.

Table 2: Condition  Packet Size=512 byte  Packet sent=366  Simulation time 30sec  CBR start and end time=5 to 35 sec  CBR interval=0.082

Table 2: Nodes Average Energy=Energy consumed/ Packet sent =2J/366 =546mJ Average Energy required for packet handling at each node is 546mJ. B. Effect of buffer Size for Constant Mobility Table 3: Condition  Packet Size=512 byte  Packet sent=488  Simulation time 40sec  CBR start and end time=5 to 45 sec  CBR interval=0.08  Mobility-8m/s

Table 1: Simulation parameter IV. PRACTICAL OUTPUT The objective of this paper is establishment of route in MANET using reactive protocol “Ad-hoc on demand

Table 3: Buffer Size

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

549

Power Aware Reliable Routing to Support Real Time Traffic in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 09/2015/134)

Computer Science and Information Technology 2008.

978-0-7695-3308-7/08 @2008 IEEE. DOI 10.1109/ICCSIT.2008.142 [3] Sachin Kumar Gupta and Dr. R. K. Saket, “Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks,” In proceedings of the International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering; Jodhpur (Rajasthan) India. pp. 1-5, 28-30 March 2011 [4] The ns Manual The VINT Project November 4, 2011

Fig. 4: Effect of buffer size for constant mobility C. Minimum Number of Packet Loss at Different Mobility:

Table 4: buffer size

Fig. 5: Minimum number of packet loss at different mobility.

V. CONCLUSION It is observed that energy required at each node for packet handling is proportional to length of packet. Insufficient energy at routing node is one of the cause of packet drop and hence it is necessary to consider energy along with distance parameter. Appropriate buffer size is key selection parameter to maximize the throughput. Mobility of a node also affect the throughput. With constant mobility of 8m/s and the MANET size is 1670*970m, maximizes the packet delivery ratio.

REFERENCE [1] Suresh Singh and Mike Woo, C.S.Raghavendra “Power Aware Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network” This paper appears in: MOBICOM 98 Dallas Texaas USA . ACM 1-58113-035-x/98/10 [2] Rakesh K. Kadu, Narendra V. Chaudhari “A Study of Power Saving Techniques in Mobile Adhoc Network” This paper appears in:Internation Conference on

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

550