Understanding Role of Management in Newspaper Organization

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 04, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Understanding Role of Management in Newspaper Organization Sunil Arya1 Anil Kundu2 Vikas Jangra3 1,2,3 Department of Printing Technology 1,2,3 Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar – 125001, Haryana (INDIA) Abstract— The role of management in every type of organization has been evolving drastically in recent time.

Without management modern civilization would fall apart either it is our social life or industrial life or economical growth. In this modern era printing sector is one that is gaining height at a brisk pace among the industries.

Everyone is aware about the spectrum of Time magazine.

Printing is declared as the ‘Greatest Invention of the Millennium’ by it. Printing technology is an epoch-making in the recent growth of technology and to have managerial skills for running this industry and has become vital in these days of tough market competition. And management is an essential part of newspaper or publishing industries. No good publishing industry can run without proper management -either it is man power management, production management, quality maintenance or cost management etc. In this recent time, management techniques help in running of newspaper printing press successively and no one can ignore the importance of management.

Key words: Printing Technology, Offset Printing, Management, Newspaper and Quality Control I. INTRODUCTION Newspaper is the one of the broadest sector in which printing industries are dominating overall the entire world.

Newspaper is regularly published print product which contains vital information of every activity of a particular event at any place. Newspaper’s publishing history is as ancient as that of printing. In 1702, “The Daily Courant” was first daily newspaper in London whereas “Journal de Paris” was the first daily newspaper appeared in France around 1777.

In Indian history, around 1780 James Augustus Hickey published first English newspaper named Bengal Gazette. After that newspaper industry had to struggle a lot to come into existence and maintain its existence. As the technology developed with the time this industry also has progressed at rapid rate. And as a result it is still dominating with time. Now a day modern huge and noisy presses are responsible for the success of newspaper. Beginning around 1970, newspaper printing began a historic shift away from labor-intensive technologies which were based on old technology and not much more effective in terms of production efficiency and on quality parameters. New technology opted for printing was “Offset Printing” and still continues in use. Since the invention of computers, the printing of newspapers has undergone dramatic change. The new techniques have made possible much faster and more frequent pressruns as well as more extensive use of color.

efficiency with maintaining quality parameters during printing. Web offset printing is used while printing newspaper. “Ink and water do not mix” - this is the principle on which offset printing underlies. In offset printing, the desired print image is exposed onto a plate and then the same is transferred from the plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing substrate. This process is based on the fact that oil and water repulse and don’t mix each other .The principle of offset printing process is derived from the Planographic printing process. As the word planography conveys the meaning that the printing and non-printing area lie in the same plane, similarly offset printing process consists of both the plane i.e. printing and non-printing area in the same plane. Both the surfaces are separated chemically by use of the natural principle, “Water repels grease and grease repels water.” Planographic printing process is generally a chemical process in which we separate image and non image area with the use of certain chemicals in such a way that image area is ink receptive and nonimage area is water receptive. The transfer of ink from one image area of the plane is controlled by maintaining the balance of water and ink. A web-fed press prints an image on a web and then cut them into required size after printing.

Some Interesting Facts about newspaper: 1) In India, The Times of India is the largest English newspaper with 2.14 million copies daily.

2) In the U.S., the Wall Street Journal has a daily circulation of approximately 2.01 million copies daily, making it most widely distributed paper in the country.

3) Less than 30% people read a whole newspaper.

III. ROLE OF MANAGEMENT Management is a unique combination of art and science to get the things done by someone else for the accomplishment of organizational goals. Management is involved in every activity of our life. In this modern era no one can ignore the importance of management. Whatever around us, it is associated with the management in a particular way. It includes the different level which determines the amount of authority and status of any managerial position. ‘Levels of Management’ is nothing but a line of distinction between various managerial positions in any organization. The number of levels in management may increase when the size of the business increases and vice versa. The levels of management commonly include Top, Middle and Low level management regulated by Owner and Chief-editor, Subeditors and Reporters respectively. Managers at all these level perform different function assigned to them. Various types of functions including planning, organizing, directing, staffing and co-coordinating which help while running a newspaper printing organization effectively and efficiently.

II. TECHNOLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT WHILE NEWSPAPER PRINTING There is a vital role of offset printing behind the success of newspaper organization in terms of high production

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

1053

Understanding Role of Management in Newspaper Organization (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 04/2016/256)

Fig. 1: Levels of Management Levels of management: Various levels of the management e) They are responsible for coordinating the activities and it role are delineated as below: within the division or department. f) It also sends important reports and other important A. Top Level of Management data to top level management.

This managerial level is also known as administrative level. g) They evaluate performance of junior managers.

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing h) Inspire lower level managers for better director. The top management is the ultimate source of performance. authority that manages goals and policies for any enterprise.

C. Lower Level of Management The role of the top management is summarized as below: Planning and deciding the objectives of the enterprise.

This level is also known as supervisory or first-line a) Formulates strategy and policy of the organization. managers. Their role in organization includes:b) It provides necessary instructions for preparation of a) Maintaining discipline and good human relations department budgets, schedules etc. among the workers. c) It appoints the executive for middle level b) Maintain good working conditions in organization. management. c) Directing and controlling the working of d) It controls and coordinates all the activities of employees. whole enterprise. e) It provides guidance and direction.

IV. NEWSPAPER HIERARCHY B. Middle Level of Management Also known as executor level. All the planning made in top level are executed here. This level consists of branch managers and departmental managers. Their roles are as follow: a) They execute the plans of the organization directed by top management. b) Prepare plans for the sub-units of the organization. c) They participate in employment and training of lower level management. d) They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.

In newspaper organization there are several departments and divisions. Each department handles its respective designated duties and tasks. On the top of the hierarchy the first and foremost position is owned by the publisher. A publisher is the in charge of the newspaper to be printed. After that hierarchy consists of the position of the managing director below the editor. Managing director reports to the publisher and handles day to day tasks assigned to him. Also holds the right to accept or reject any story. Newspaper hierarchy also includes City editor, Lifestyle editor, Business editor and Sports editor having the responsibilities of their respective assigned tasks. The newspaper organization hierarchy is shown in figure 2.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

1054

Understanding Role of Management in Newspaper Organization (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 04/2016/256)

Fig. 2: Newspaper Organization Hierarchy [5] System for assessing, exploring and monitoring offset V. CONCLUSION print quality. In The 2nd European Conference of Systems (ECS'11), December 10-12, 2011 (pp. 28-33).

From the above paper we can conclude that management is World Scientific and Engineering Academy and life blood of any organization. It plays a vital role for Society. running any organization successfully. In most of the cases [6] Offset Printing Process Part I & II. By C.S. Mishra. financial fund acts as life blood for any organization, [7] Guan, L., Lin, J., Chen, G., & Chen, M. (2006, August). management is also as important as financial fund. It is only Study for the offset printing quality control expert management that directs all the efforts in a meaningful system based on case reasoning. direction to publish any newspaper at right time. For [8] Kipphan, H., Handbook of Print Media, Handbook, example, every morning we need a paper in our hands Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-67326, Heidelberg 2001. immediately after taking bed tea. How we can expect to [9] Sheetfed Offset Press (2nd Edition) Graphic Arts have the paper in our hands daily without fail. All this takes Technical Foundation, By: Lloyd P. Dejidas & Thomas place with proper handling and management of every M. Destree. (1995). activity right from coverage of a particular event at any [10] Heidelberg USA, Inc., “Tips for Four-Color Printing on place in the county, proper editing of it and then placing a the Print master QM 46”. particular piece of news at its proper place according to [11] Peter Nussbaun “Quantitative and observer based print importance of that event. All this happens daily due to the quality evaluation in offset newspaper print.” implementation of proper management system in every [12] John C Briggs, Alice H Klein, “Application of ISO – aspect during newspaper printing in that organization.

13660, A New International Standard for objective Print Management helps in newspaper organization by directing Quality Evaluation.” all efforts in efficient way, increasing production efficiency [13] Seymour J. What's on the horizon for web offset color in limited time, quality control, wastage minimization and measurement and control? GCA Digital Spectrum, 96, also helps to integrate all technical aspects effectively.

15-18.

[14] General Requirements for Applications in Commercial REFERENCES offset Lithography - GRACOL 6.0. (2002). Alexandria, [1] Newspaper Industry Management Association New VA: IDE Alliance.

York Rossitza Sardjeva, “Printability and Run ability of Paper in Web Offset Printing Technologies.

[2] Transformation of Newspapers in the Technology Era, Undergraduate Research in Communications, By: Everett, C. E. [3] Printing Technology By Adam, Faux Fuchs, B., “The influence of the quality of raw water in damping solutions on newspaper printing,” (1996) [4] Casanova, C. C. A. (2008). A study of production workflows, technology and hybrid printing models in small newspaper companies.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com

1055