Design of Reconfigurable Band Notched Micro Strip UWB Antenna

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 05, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Design of Reconfigurable Band Notched Microstrip UWB Antenna Mujtaba Afzal1 Dayal Sati2 P.G Scholar 2Assistant Professor 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering 1,2 BRCM CET Bahal, Haryana, India 1

Abstract— This paper focuses mostly on design and analysis of reconfigurable UWB antenna with rejection band. The UWB antenna is proposed with size reduction and keeping the bandwidth intact as well. Proposed antenna can work as simply UWB antenna or single/double band notch UWB antenna depending upon active switch configuration.

For re-configurability; RF-MEMS switches are proposed.

We will present characteristics of UWB antennas on thin FR4-epoxy substrates loaded with circular slots on the patch. This band-notched antenna has rejection characteristics centered at 3.55 GHz (for Wi-MAX band-3.3 to 3.7GHz) & at 5 GHz (for WLAN band- 5.15 to 5.85 GHz). Initially antenna is designed to operate in UWB frequency range. Proposed antenna consists of micro-strip lined type feed structure. The proposed antenna utilizes CSRR for rejection capabilities of the antenna. The designed antennas have been characterized using the commercially available software HFSSTM v15.

Key words: Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR), Notch Band, WiMAX, WLAN I. INTRODUCTION Ultra wide band range covers 3. 1GHz-10.6GHz is released

by FCC in 2002[1]. High data rate transmission with high efficiency and minimum distortion in the received signal are crucial requirements for ultra-wide band (UWB) wireless communication systems. These requirements are involved with UWB planar antennas design. Many of these antennas configurations have been proposed and developed .The simplest way to implementing planar forms of the antenna is using the micro strip feeding technology. Micro strip antenna in its simplest form consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on the other side of the substrate. The designs of antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications face many challenges including their impedance matching, radiation stability, compact size, low manufacturing cost, and EMI problems.

Defected Ground Structure is one of the methods which is used for miniaturization purpose [2-5].The defect in a ground is one of the unique techniques to reduce the antenna size. So design the antenna with the defected ground structure, the antenna size is reduced for a particular frequency as compared to the antenna size without the defect in the ground [6]. Defected ground is realized by introducing a shape defected on a ground plane thus will disturb the shielded current distribution depending on the shape and dimension of the defect.With the rapid development of wireless communication, the radio environment of the UWB system has coexisted with other narrow band communication systems. The UWB antennas have encountered a hostile radio environment which has a great potential for EMI interference by other systems which occupy frequency bands within the UWB bandwidth. A few examples of hostile systems are Wi-MAX (3.3–3.7 GHz),

wireless-LAN (WLAN) 5 GHz (5.15–5.825), and International Telecommunication Union ITU 8 GHz (8.025– 8.4 GHz) band [7]. Therefore to avoid such overlapping UWB antennas with band-notch property are desirable. The band-notch can be achieved via the antenna design instead of adding new circuits, such as Filters, to the communication systems. Many techniques have been proposed and developed to obtain the band-notch property through the antenna design such as; etching different kinds of slots on the patch or on the ground plane [8-10], or adding parasitic elements using folded strips to the frequency bands are notched using resonators such as a split ring resonator (SRR), or its negative image which is a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) [15-17]. In this paper, we propose a new reconfigurable band reject UWB antenna using complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) rejecting two interference bands. Reconfigurable property would be achieved by using RF-MEMS Switch.

II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION In this section, the procedure for designing a wide band antenna with reconfigurable band notch characteristics using HFSS software is explained and the results obtained from the simulations are demonstrated. Based on the simplified formulation that has been described, a design procedure is outlined which leads to practical design of proposed antenna. The procedure assumes that the specified information includes the dielectric constant of the substrate (εr), the resonant frequency (fr), the height of the substrate (h) and loss tangent (δ).

A. Antenna Geometry The design starts with a micro-strip patch antenna where Figure 1 which demonstrates the top view & Figure 2 which depicts bottom view of proposed reconfigurable band notched antenna structure with slots inserted at the partial ground plane..

Fig. 1: Top view of antenna.

Fig. 2: Bottom view of antenna

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Design of Reconfigurable Band Notched Microstrip UWB Antenna (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 05/2016/075)

The antenna is printed on 19mm32mm FR4 epoxy substrate with the relative permittivity εr = 4.4, a loss tangent tan  = 0.02 and a thickness h = 1 mm. It is composed of a 50 micro-strip feed line with the width of Wf and length of Lf to couple the input signal to the radiating patch, a planar modified triangular shaped radiating patch with two complementary split ring resonators and partial rectangular ground plane with a rectangular shaped slot.

The analysis of the proposed antenna structure is based on transmission line modal analysis. Figure 1 & 2 shows the geometry of proposed antenna structure used for simulation in next section. Figure 4 shows the 3-D structure of simulated Reconfigurable Band Notch Wide Band Antenna with RF MEMS switches

Fig. 5: 3D structure of simulated ultra wide band antenna.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Fig. 3: Geometry of radiating patch & CSRR

Fig. 4: Geometry of ground & substrate Several aspects were considered to optimize the final design like the overall impedance bandwidth of the antenna, bandwidth of the notched bands and the level of band rejection at notched frequency. The band notches are introduced in order to stop the function of the antenna in that particular frequency range. By this the interference between the UWB system and the narrow band system is reduced to a great extent. Introduction of the band notches helps us to avoid the use of the band stop filters and hence reducing the cost and complexity of the antenna. Now-a-days demand is for miniaturized technology and MSA helps us in achieving that. Based on the simplified formulation that has been described, a design procedure is outlined which leads to practical design of proposed antenna. The optimal antenna parameters are tabulated in Table 1 shown below.

Wsub Lsub Wf Lf H Lg Lg1 Lg2 Lg3

32 19 3 9.016 1 9.3 5 4 1.2

Wg1 Wg2 Wslot W1 W2 Wp R1 R2

4 1 0.3 0.9 1 28 4.6 3.1

This project will come out with two types of results which are on simulation results. The antenna designs in the previous section were simulated in the Ansys HFSS TM v15 in order to get the radiation parameters. In this scope of project, the simulation is done to get the predicted values of the reflection coefficient, S11 and radiation patterns. The analysis of proposed antenna is done using the simulation performed on Ansys HFSS EM simulator for the frequency range of 1 to 28 Giga Hertz.During the simulation, the presence of a metal bridge represents ON state and the absence of a metal bridge represents OFF state. The various switch various switch configurations are tabulated in Table no.2 below Switch Function Configuration Configuration I Wide-band antenna (All OFF) Configuration II Single band notch (S1-ON) (S2-OFF) wideband antenna Configuration III Double band notch (S1-ON) (S2-ON) wideband antenna Table 2: Switches and their respective frequency tuning Figure 6 shows the simulated VSWR of proposed wide-band antenna structure in switch configuration I.From the plot of simulated VSWR Vs frequency of proposed antenna structure, it is seen that antenna covers wide bandwidth i.e. 2.72-27.74 GHz for VSWR < 2 dB for the switch configuration I.

Fig. 6: Graph of VSWR Vs frequency in switch configuration I

Table 1: Summary of Design Parameters of UWB antenna

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Design of Reconfigurable Band Notched Microstrip UWB Antenna (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 05/2016/075)

Fig. 7: Graph of VSWR Vs. frequency in switch configuration II. It can be seen that the proposed antenna ;in switch configuration II (SW1-ON); is a single band notched UWB antenna, which has a bandwidth ranging from 3.82-26.270 GHz with the VSWR less than 2 except a notch band 3.3 to 3.82 GHz centered at 3.60 Ghz. The simulated VSWR of wide-band antenna structure in switch configuration III is depicted below in Figure 8

Fig. 8: graph of VSWR Vs frequency in switch configuration III. It can be seen that when both switches are in ON state, antenna structure has two CSRR etched in the radiating patch, it can give two notch bands at 3.16-3.68 GHz and 4.69-5.70 GHz to filter out the potential interferences from Wi-MAX and WLAN communication systems and covers the frequency range of 5.75-26.5 Ghz for VSWR less than 2. Below shown Figure 9 depicts the 2D radiation pattern of the antenna at the designed frequency for Φ=0 and Φ=90 degrees. The measured radiation patterns in various switch configurations are plotted in Figure 8. It can be seen that the proposed antenna has a nearly Omni-directional radiation pattern in the Hplane and a dipole-like radiation pattern in the E-plane.

Fig. 9(b): Simulated radiation pattern in switch configuration II at 3.52 GHz [notch frequency]

Fig. 9(c): Simulated radiation pattern in switch configuration III at 5.18 GHz [notch frequency] IV. CONCLUSION A compact reconfigurable double band-notched wide band antenna has been presented and well designed by the use of the EM simulator HFSSTM v15. The notch bands are achieved by etching two CSRR in radiating patch. From the simulation, we found that the proposed antenna can prevent the potential interference from Wi-MAX and WLAN narrow-band technologies. The results showed that the proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth ranging from 2.72 GHz to 25.9 GHz rejecting the undesired narrow-band signals from Wi-MAX (3.3-3.7GHz) and WLAN (5.15-5.8 GHz).

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Fig. 9(a): Simulated radiation pattern of the proposed antenna for Φ=0 and Φ= 90 degrees in switch configuration I at 8.91 GHz[pass-band frequency]

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